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RESUMEN La halitosis es un motivo de consulta frecuente y que puede repercutir de gran manera en la calidad de vida de quien la presenta. Puede dividirse en halitosis genuina, pseudohalitosis y halitofobia. De las halitosis genuinas, cerca del 90% son secundarias a patología de la cavidad oral. En otorrinolaringología, las principales causas responden a tonsilolitiasis, patología rinosinusal y cuerpos extraños nasales. Existen distintos métodos diagnósticos que permiten medir e identificar la halitosis, con sus beneficios y desventajas. Las medidas generales de higiene oral, así como intervenciones específicas deben estar basadas en la evidencia a cargo de un equipo multidisciplinario que permita garantizar mejores resultados.
ABSTRACT Halitosis is a frequent health problem, that can have a huge impact in the quality of life of those affected. It can be classified as genuine halitosis, pseudohalitosis and halitophobia. Of genuine halitosis, approximately 90% is originated from the oral cavity. In otorhinolaryngology, most frequent causes are tonsiloliths, rhinosinusitis and nasal foreign bodies. There are different diagnostic methods, each one with its benefits and disadvantages. General measures of oral hygiene, as specific interventions must be evidence-based in charge of a multidisciplinary team that guarantees better results.
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Humanos , Otolaringologia , Halitose/diagnóstico , Halitose/etiologia , Halitose/terapia , Higiene Bucal , Qualidade de Vida , Halitose/epidemiologia , Doenças da BocaRESUMO
Chikungunya virus is an alphavirus, member of the Togaviridae family, first discovered in Africa in 1952. Since then it caused sporadic outbreaks in Africa and Asia, but since 2000, outbreaks had been more frequent, being identified in Europe, America and the Caribbean. Chikungunya virus can cause chronic and incapacitating arthralgia, with an important morbidity, being considered as a relevant re-emerging public health problem. This review intends to update our knowledge in epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, treatment and vaccination strategies of Chikungunya virus. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Vírus Chikungunya/patogenicidade , Febre de Chikungunya/prevenção & controle , Alphavirus , Febre de Chikungunya/fisiopatologia , Febre de Chikungunya/terapia , Febre de Chikungunya/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A hybrid (continuous-discrete) cascade control is proposed to regulate both, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations in two-stage (acidogenic-methanogenic) anaerobic digestion (TSAD) processes. The outer loop is a discrete controller that regulates the COD concentration of the methanogenic bioreactor by using a daily off-line measurement and that modifies the set-point tracked by inner loop, which manipulates the dilution rate to regulate the VFA concentration of the acidogenic bioreactor, estimated by continuous on-line conductivity measurements, avoiding acidification. The experimental validation was conducted in a TSAD process for the treatment of tequila vinasses during 110days. Results showed that the proposed cascade control scheme was able to achieve the VFA and COD regulation by using conventional measurements under different set-point values in spite of adverse common scenarios in full-scale anaerobic digestion processes. Microbial composition analysis showed that the controller also favors the abundance and diversity toward methane production.
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Análise da Demanda Biológica de Oxigênio , Reatores Biológicos , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/química , Anaerobiose , Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/análise , Metano/análiseRESUMO
Introduction: Living donor nephrectomy is the best alternative of treatment for patients with chronic renal disease. Even though open surgery remains the gold standard for donor nephrectomy, laparoscopic surgery has become a feasible alternative in referral centers. To minimize the long learning curve associated with this procedure, some centers have introduced robotic donor nephrectomy as a surgical option. Aim: To present the first robotic-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy in Latin America. Clinical case: The donor is a 50 years old male, living-related to the recipient by affinity (husband/wife). The recipient is a 54 years old female with history of end-stage renal disease waiting to initiate dialysis program. A left transperitoneal robotic-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy employing the da Vinci Si® (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale CA.) is performed. Mean operative time was 188 minutes with an estimated blood loss of 300 ml. Mean ischemia time was 6 minutes. The graft presented immediate function. Both patients were discharged at 72 h. Conclusion: Living donor robotic-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy is a safe and viable procedure. Larger series are needed to establish its role.
Introducción: La donación renal en pacientes vivos relacionados es la mejor alternativa de tratamiento para pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica. La cirugía abierta es el procedimiento de elección; sin embargo, la nefrectomía laparoscópica se ha convertido en una opción viable en centros con experiencia. Con el propósito de disminuír los tiempos de la curva de aprendizaje, algunos centros han introducido la nefrectomía robótica del donante vivo como una opción quirúrgica. Objetivo: Presentar la primera nefrectomía robótica del donante vivo realizada en Latinoamérica. Caso clínico: Paciente de 50 años, esposo, donante vivo relacionado, por afinidad (esposo-esposa). La receptora tiene 54 años con antecedente de insuficiencia renal crónica terminal en espera de ingreso a programa de hemodiálisis. Se realizó nefrectomía robótica izquierda del donante utilizando el sistema robótico da Vinci Si® (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale CA.) mediante abordaje transperitoneal. El tiempo quirúrgico total fue de 188 min, con un sangrado estimado de 300 ml., y un tiempo de isquemia de 6 min. El injerto presentó inicio inmediato de la función. Ambos pacientes fueron dados de alta a las 72 h. Conclusión: La nefrectomía robótica del donante vivo para trasplante es una alternativa segura y factible. Comunicaciones con series con mayor número de pacientes, son necesarias para establecer su definitivo rol.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doadores Vivos , Nefrectomia/métodos , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Transplante de Rim/métodos , Duração da CirurgiaRESUMO
This study examines the performance of an anaerobic fixed-film bioreactor under seasonal operating conditions prevailing in medium and small size Tequila factories: start-up, normal operation and particularly, during the restart-up after a long stop and starvation period. The proposed start-up procedure attained a stable biofilm in a rather short period (28 days) despite unbalanced COD/N/P ratio and the use of non-acclimated inoculum. The bioreactor was restarted-up after being shut down for 6 months during which the inoculum starved. Even when biofilm detachment and bioreactor clogging were detected at the very beginning of restart-up, results show that the bioreactor performed better as higher COD removal and methane yield were attained. CE-SSCP and Q-PCR analyses, conducted on the biofilm prokaryotic communities for each operating condition, confirmed that the high COD removal results after the bioreactor clogging and the severe starvation period were mainly due to the stable archaeal and resilient bacterial populations.
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Bebidas/microbiologia , Resíduos Industriais , Eliminação de Resíduos/métodos , Estações do Ano , Anaerobiose , Archaea/genética , Archaea/metabolismo , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/metabolismo , Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Ácidos Graxos Voláteis/análise , Polimorfismo Conformacional de Fita Simples , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genéticaRESUMO
Efficient monitoring and control schemes are mandatory in the current operation of biological wastewater treatment plants because they must accomplish more demanding environmental policies. This fact is of particular interest in anaerobic digestion processes where the availability of accurate, inexpensive, and suitable sensors for the on-line monitoring of key process variables remains an open problem nowadays. In particular, this problem is more challenging when dealing with batch processes where the monitoring strategy has to be performed in finite time, which limits the application of current advanced monitoring schemes as those based in the proposal of nonlinear observers (i.e., software sensors). In this article, a fractal time series analysis of pH fluctuations in an anaerobic sequential batch reactor (AnSBR) used for the treatment of tequila vinasses is presented. Results indicated that conventional on-line pH measurements can be correlated with off-line determined key process variables, such as COD, VFA and biogas production via some fractality indexes.
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Reatores Biológicos/microbiologia , Resíduos Industriais , Águas Residuárias/microbiologia , Anaerobiose , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
A sampled delayed scheme is proposed to regulate the organic pollution level in anaerobic digestion processes by using off-line COD measurements. The proposed scheme is obtained by combining an error feedback control with a steady state estimator to track constant references and attenuate process load disturbances. The controller performance is tested experimentally for the treatment of tequila vinasses over a period of 68days under different set-point values and several uncertain scenarios which include badly known kinetic parameters and load disturbances. Experimental results show that the COD concentration can be effectively regulated under the influence of set-point changes and high load disturbances by using only a daily off-line COD measurement, which makes the industrial application of the proposed control scheme feasible.
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Poluentes Ambientais , AnaerobioseRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dent's disease is a rare renal tubular disorder characterized by low-molecular weight proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, rickets and eventual renal failure. The selective loss of low-molecular weight proteins points to a defect of the proximal tubule, where filtered proteins are normally reabsorbed by endocytosis. The disease tends to present in childhood or early adult life, and males are more severely affected than females. The disease is caused by mutations in CLCN5 or OCRL1, both on the X chromosome, which code for the chloride/proton exchange transporter ClC-5 and the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate-5-phosphatase, respectively. METHODS: Mutational analysis of CLCN5 gene from 4 unrelated patients diagnosed with Dent's disease and their relatives, 3 from Spain and 1 from Bolivia, was performed by PCR and automatic DNA sequencing. RESULTS: In the current study, we report the identification of 4 mutations in CLCN5 of 1 family from Bolivia and 3 families from Spain. Two of the mutations are novel and consist of 1 nonsense mutation, Y502X, and 1 missense mutation, L225P, affecting ClC-5alpha-helix F, one of the helices involved in formation of the chloride selectivity filter. CONCLUSIONS: Our results add to the expanding spectrum of mutations in CLCN5. This is the first report of a CLCN5 mutation in a Dent's disease patient of South American origin.
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Canais de Cloreto/genética , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Hipercalciúria/genética , Mutação , Nefrocalcinose/genética , Nefrolitíase/genética , Proteinúria/genética , Insuficiência Renal/genética , Raquitismo/genética , Bolívia , Humanos , Hipercalciúria/complicações , Masculino , Nefrocalcinose/complicações , Nefrolitíase/complicações , Linhagem , Proteinúria/complicações , Insuficiência Renal/complicações , Raquitismo/complicações , EspanhaRESUMO
Adenomyosis is a common gynaecological disorder characterized by the abnormal growth of endometrium into the myometrium and myometrial hypertrophy/hyperplasia. Uterine fibroids are benign neoplasms of the myometrium, and they represent a diagnostic pitfall for adenomyosis. In this study, we have used the genome-wide Affymetrix U133 Plus 2.0 microarray platform to compare the gene expression patterns of adenomyosis, uterine fibroids, normal endometrium and myometrium. Unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that these four tissue types could be segregated from one another solely based on their gene expression profiles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey means separation test, significance analysis of microarrays (SAM) and 2-fold change threshold, identified 7415 probe sets as differentially expressed among the four groups of samples. Supervised cluster analysis based on these probe sets clustered adenomyosis most closely with endometrium and uterine fibroids with myometrium, consistent with the anatomic origin of these two diseases. The Tukey means separation post hoc testing found 2073 probe sets altered between adenomyosis and normal endometrium or myometrium, and 2327 probe sets altered in expression when comparing uterine fibroids with myometrium. Using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA), we found 9 highly significant functional networks in adenomyosis and 10 in uterine fibroids. Notably, the top network in both cases was associated with functions implicated in cancer and cell death. Finally, we compared the gene expression profiles of adenomyosis and uterine fibroids and identified 471 differentially expressed probe sets that may represent potential biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of these diseases.
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Endometriose/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Análise de Variância , Biomarcadores , Biomarcadores Tumorais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Endometriose/diagnóstico , Endometriose/metabolismo , Endometriose/patologia , Endométrio/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Leiomioma/diagnóstico , Leiomioma/genética , Leiomioma/metabolismo , Miométrio/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Análise de Sequência com Séries de Oligonucleotídeos , Análise de Componente Principal , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Uterinas/genética , Neoplasias Uterinas/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Normal aging is characterised by alterations affecting the cognitive functions. In 1958 Kral coined the term 'benign senescent forgetfulness' to designate a memory disorder that is different from those that occur during normal aging. In 1986, a group of researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health and other centres proposed a novel neuropsychological entity called age-related memory disorder. The determination of the prevalence, progression and risk factors of this condition currently represents an important challenge for the scientific community. AIMS: To establish the rate of prevalence and to identify some of the risk factors involved in age-related memory disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The universe consisted of all the patients over 50 years of age from a health district (234 individuals); the diagnostic criteria were applied to the whole sample. In addition to the patients, a control group was also chosen in order to be able to establish a correlation with selected risk factors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rate was found to be 39.7%, of which 38.7% were males and 40.4% were females. It was also observed that the impairment was greater as the patient's age and the length of the disease history increased. As far as risk factors are concerned, it was observed that smoking and psychosocial characteristics constitute predisposing factors, while this was not the case for arterial hypertension, a history of dementia and the satisfaction of basic needs.
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Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Transtornos da Memória/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Memória/fisiopatologia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Cuba/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos da Memória/diagnóstico , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In his description of the disease in his original work, James Parkinson claimed that the 'senses remained intact', but later reports began to identify cognitive impairment that ranged from dementia to barely identifiable subclinical deteriorations. Research carried out in recent decades has revealed that cognitive disorders form part of the clinical symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and point to the frontal lobes as being the most affected areas; a great deal of controversy, however, still surrounds their definition, epidemiology and pathology. AIM: To determine and classify the frontal deficits associated to this disease and to relate this cognitive performance with certain characteristics of the disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample utilised in the study was made up of 222 subjects divided into two groups according to their diagnosis: 111 subjects with idiopathic PD and 111 control subjects. The neuropsychological examination was performed using the Frontal Assessment Battery, the copy of the Rey-Osterrieth complex figure and the digit test for determining frontal functioning. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We prove the existence of a frontal dysfunction that is characterised by impaired working memory, with visuospatial and executive dysfunction, which suggests greater involvement of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and cingulate. According to our findings, because working memory and visuospatial functioning are correlated to the motor status and the time elapsed since the onset of the disease, they could share the same underlying neuroanatomical foundations--the nigrostriatal denervation. This is not the case of executive function, which was not found to be related to the characteristics of the disease under study.
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Transtornos Cognitivos/fisiopatologia , Demência/fisiopatologia , Lobo Frontal/fisiologia , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Desempenho Psicomotor , Percepção Espacial/fisiologiaRESUMO
alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH-EC.1.1.1.8) has been considered absent in Trypanosoma cruzi in contradiction with all other studied trypanosomatids. After observing that the sole malate dehydrogenase can not maintain the intraglycosomal redox balance, GPDH activity was looked for and found, although in very variable levels, in epimastigotes extracts. GPDH was shown to be exclusively located in the glycosome of T. cruzi by digitonin treatment and isopycnic centrifugation. Antibody against T. brucei GPDH showed that this enzyme seemed to be present in an essentially inactive form at the beginning of the epimastigotes growth. GPDH is apparently linked to a salicylhydroxmic-sensitive glycerophosphate reoxidizing system and plays an essential role in the glycosome redox balance.
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Glicerolfosfato Desidrogenase/análise , Microcorpos/química , Proteínas de Protozoários/análise , Trypanosoma cruzi/química , Animais , Glicerolfosfato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Microcorpos/enzimologia , Consumo de Oxigênio , Proteínas de Protozoários/metabolismo , Trypanosoma cruzi/enzimologiaRESUMO
alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (alpha-GPDH-EC.1.1.1.8) has been considered absent in Trypanosoma cruzi in contradiction with all other studied trypanosomatids. After observing that the sole malate dehydrogenase can not maintain the intraglycosomal redox balance, GPDH activity was looked for and found, although in very variable levels, in epimastigotes extracts. GPDH was shown to be exclusively located in the glycosome of T. cruzi by digitonin treatment and isopycnic centrifugation. Antibody against T. brucei GPDH showed that this enzyme seemed to be present in an essentially inactive form at the beginning of the epimastigotes growth. GPDH is apparently linked to a salicylhydroxmic-sensitive glycerophosphate reoxidizing system and plays an essential role in the glycosome redox balance
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Animais , Glicerolfosfato Desidrogenase/análise , Microcorpos/química , Trypanosoma cruzi/química , Glicerolfosfato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Microcorpos/enzimologia , Consumo de Oxigênio , Trypanosoma cruzi/enzimologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is unknown. These diseases have a higher incidence in industrialized countries and their pathogenesis involves an over-reaction of the immune system. A genetic factor is believed to predispose to the development of chronic inflammation in response to an unidentified stimulus. Exposure to infections in childhood may modulate future immune responses. Parasitosis, particularly Schistosomiasis, stimulate Th2 immune responses. It has been hypothesized that the absence of these parasitic infections, as seen in economically developed countries, favors a Th1 response that may result in the clinical appearance of Crohn's disease later in life. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni antibodies in Puerto Ricans with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and controls. METHODS: Serum from 92 Puerto Ricans with IBD and 106 controls was screened for S. mansoni adult microsomal antigens (MAMA) using the FAST:ELISA assay. Those positive were confirmed with an enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot test. RESULTS: Seven serum samples (3 UC and 4 controls) were positive for S. mansoni antibodies. There was no significant difference between groups in gender, municipality of origin or seroprevalence of Schistosomiasis. The control group was slightly older than the IBD group. CONCLUSIONS: Our study did not demonstrate an inverse relation between Schistosomiasis and IBD. However, the decreasing prevalence of Schistosomiasis in the general population of Puerto Rico may account for this result.
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Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Schistosoma mansoni/imunologia , Esquistossomose mansoni/epidemiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Animais , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/análise , Colite Ulcerativa/complicações , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Porto Rico/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Over previous years many surgical techniques have been developed to correct lipodystrophy and brachial skin laxity while providing a natural, discreet contour and symmetrical scars, a goal that has not always been achieved. In this study, the authors classify the alterations of the arm into three degrees and propose a different surgical treatment, to be used alone or associated with another procedure, for each classification. They developed a new technique that uses a mold to mark the incision in an italic double S-shape. From 1996 to 1998, 20 patients who underwent this surgery showed symmetrical and smaller scars with better results and minimal complications.
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Braço/cirurgia , Lipodistrofia/cirurgia , Envelhecimento da Pele/fisiologia , Cirurgia Plástica , Técnicas de Sutura/instrumentação , Adulto , Cicatriz/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Cicatrização/fisiologiaRESUMO
Analiza el caso de una paciente de 15 años que ingresa al Hospital Enrique Garcés por sangrado digestivo, siendo su segundo episodio, al examen físico presenta esplenomegalia, la endoscopía digestiva alta reveló várices esofágicas y gástricas, la esplenopotografía reporta cavernomatosis de la vena porta...
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Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Hipertensão Portal , Portografia , Esplenomegalia , Equador , Hospitais , Medicina Interna , PacientesRESUMO
We estimated the proportion of seropositivity for infection with Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas' disease) in a sample of the rural population of the Province of Nasca, Department of Ica, southwestern Peru. Although Triatoma infestans, the only vector species identified in the Department of Ica, is often found in domestic environments, data of the extent of human infection with T. cruzi are scant. This study comprised 446 houses, known to be infested with triatomines, distributed in 19 rural localities. While visiting those houses we collected filter paper bloodspots from 864 occupants (of both sexes, aged one year or over). By means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), we detected anti-T. cruzi IgG antibodies in samples from 178 individuals (20.6%). Seropositivity was significantly more frequent in females (23.8%) than in males (17.5%). Among the 410 individuals in the 1- to 10-year-old age group (47.5% of the population sample), 85 (20.7%) were found seropositive, which is indicative of an early acquisition of the infection. Within this group no significant differences in seropositivity were associated with sex.
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Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Animais , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Doença de Chagas/sangue , Doença de Chagas/imunologia , Doença de Chagas/transmissão , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to assess the compliance with tuberculostatic drugs treatment in a public hospital from Córdoba City and to establish the causes of noncompliance. All the patients to which treatment with tuberculostatic drugs was indicated from January 1991 up to December 1994 were included. 45 patients were included: 18 females (40%) and 29 males. Sixteen (35.6%) did not complete the time of treatment indicated. Nine (56.3%) abandoned the treatment 2 months after having initiated it. In the group that did not complete the treatment there was a higher percentage of female patients (62.5%) than in the group that did complete it (27.6%), p = 0.02. There were not statistically significant differences in age, percentages of pulmonar and extrapulmonar tuberculosis and months of treatment indicated between both groups. Thirty-six percent of the patients who abandoned the treatment referred having interrupted it due to their own negligency, knowing the risk of such behavior; 36% suffered side effects and did not come back to hospital; 21% referred having consulted another physician who indicated to interrupt the treatment without performing other tests; and 7% misunderstood the indications. It is concluded that in a general hospital from Córdoba City, the percentage of patients who abandoned tuberculostatic treatment is high. In most cases the cause was related to failures in the conduct of patients, physicians or both.
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Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Cooperação do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Hospitais Gerais , Humanos , Masculino , Recusa do Paciente ao TratamentoRESUMO
The purpose of this work was to assess the clinical and epidemiologic presentation features of adult acute diarrhea in a general hospital form Córdoba City. All the patients older than 14 years old who assisted to the Hospital Nacional de Clínicas Central Guard for acute diarrhea, during the periods: A (15-12-89 to 15-03-90), B (15-12-93 to 15-03-94) and C (15-12-94 to 15-03-95), were included. 594 patients were studied: 337 female (56.7%) and 257 male, 143 in the period A, 250 in B and 201 in C. The means +/- SD age was 34.6 +/- 13.3 and stool loose per day at admission 7.3 +/- 4.7. Eighty six percent of patients presented liquid consistent stool, 89.6% abdominal pain, 44.7% vomiting and 18.8% bloody stools. The rate of patients who consulted Central Guard referring acute diarrhea increased from period A (2.4%) to B (3.61%); p = 0.002 and decreased form B to C (2.85%); p = 0.01. The mean (+/- SD) days transcurred from the beginning of diarrhea episode till consultation was 3.5 +/- 2.7; 2.7 +/- 2.3 y 2.9 +/- 3.5 in the periods A, B and C respectively, statistically significant difference between A and B, p < 0.01. Thirty six percent, 21.1% and 23.1% of patients presented mucus with their stools in the periods A, B and C (p = 0.01), and high temperature 61.1%, 48.1% and 48.5% respectively (p = 0.04). Twenty seven percent of stools samples cultures became positive in the periods A, 17.6% in B and 11.5% in C, statistically significant difference between A and C; p = 0.008. The results show that in a general hospital from Córdoba City the adult acute diarrhea is a frequent cause of consult. In the last years there were modifications in its clinical an epidemiologic presentation features.
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Diarreia/epidemiologia , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Intervalos de Confiança , Diarreia/diagnóstico , Feminino , Hospitais , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Amino substitution of rigid forms of dopamine 4,5-dihydroxy-2-aminoindan and 5,6-dihydroxy-2-aminoindan with aralkyl functionalities were carried out to investigate the role of such structural modifications upon cardiac inotropic-chronotropic activity. Compounds synthesized demonstrated a modest inotropic selectivity, while one of them, described as 5,6-dihydroxy-N-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methylethyl]-2-aminoindan hydrobromide 17, showed a marked inotropic action on isolated heart tissue.