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Helicobacter pylori is a microorganism that infects 60% of the population and is considered the main cause of atrophic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. Different emerging pathogens have been found in drinking water and their presence is considered to be an important public health problem. For this reason, it is necessary to carry out the validation of reliable technologies for this type of pathogens and evaluate their performance. This paper reports, for the first time, H. pylori reduction in a drinking water pilot plant of two slow sand filters (SSF). Inlet water was taken from a gravel filtration system of a rural water supply in Colombia and then inoculated with viable cells of H. pylori. By determining the Genomic Units (GU) through quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), the concentration of GU/sample was measured. In the inlet water amplification for SSF1 and SSF2 were 5.13 × 102 ± 4.48 × 102 and 6.59 × 102 ± 7.32 × 102, respectively, while for the treated water they were 7.0 ± 5.6 and 2.05 × 101 ± 2.9 × 101 GU/sample for SSF1 and SSF2, respectively. The SSF pilot plant reached up to 3 log reduction units of H. pylori; therefore, since there is not an H. pylori contamination indicator and its periodic monitoring is financially complicated, the SSF could guarantee the drinking water quality necessity that exists in rural areas and small municipalities in developing countries, where infection rates and prevalence of this pathogen are high.
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Água Potável , Filtração , Helicobacter pylori , Microbiologia da Água , Purificação da Água , Abastecimento de Água , Filtração/métodos , Água Potável/microbiologia , Purificação da Água/métodos , Areia , ColômbiaRESUMO
Embryo transfer (ET) in bovines was created with the purpose of increasing the pregnancy rate (PR) of animals with high genetic value; however, multiple factors have been found to affect the success of this reproductive biotechnology. These factors are frequently grouped in intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Thus, the objective of the present experiments was to assess the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on the pregnancy rate under tropical conditions. To do this a total of 648 embryo transfer (ET) procedures were performed between January and December 2021. The intrinsic factors were size and location of the corpus luteum, body condition, genetic group, age and parity; while extrinsic factors were location of the farm, environmental comfort, season in which the ET was carried out, prevailing weather conditions, and the preservation, quality, and the development stage of embryos at the time of ET. A χi2 was used for analysis of main effects, and logistic regression analysis to calculate the probability of pregnancy and the association between intrinsic or extrinsic factors; additionally, a multivariate analysis of data clusters was used to find a linkage between the effects. While recipient female age had a negative effect (Odds ratio = 0.345-0.871) on PR (p < 0.05), being higher in younger cows, the rest of the intrinsic factors did not affect the PR. The significant (p < 0.05) extrinsic factors were THI category, season of year and type of embryo preservation, showing that the highest PR (p < 0.05) was obtained in the comfort THI category, during the winter season and using fresh embryos for transfer. The clustering analysis did not show any linkage between PR and intrinsic factors, while a linkage (p < 0.05) was found with season of the year and embryo preservation as extrinsic factors. It is concluded that age of the recipient cow and environmental conditions at the time of the embryo transfer are key factors to be considered for a successful pregnancy rate from in-vitro ET programs using dual-purpose cows under tropical conditions.
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Transferência Embrionária , Taxa de Gravidez , Clima Tropical , Animais , Bovinos/fisiologia , Feminino , Gravidez , Transferência Embrionária/veterinária , Estações do AnoRESUMO
The Zika virus (ZIKV) can be vertically transmitted, causing congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in fetuses. ZIKV infection in early gestational trimesters increases the chances of developing CZS. This syndrome involves several pathologies with a complex diagnosis. In this work, we aim to identify biological processes and molecular pathways related to CZS and propose a series of putative protein and metabolite biomarkers for CZS prognosis in early pregnancy trimesters. We analyzed serum samples of healthy pregnant women and ZIKV-infected pregnant women bearing nonmicrocephalic and microcephalic fetuses. A total of 1090 proteins and 512 metabolites were identified by bottom-up proteomics and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. Univariate and multivariate statistical approaches were applied to find CZS differentially abundant proteins (DAP) and metabolites (DAM). Enrichment analysis (i.e., biological processes and molecular pathways) of the DAP and the DAM allowed us to identify the ECM organization and proteoglycans, amino acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism as CZS signatures. Five proteins and four metabolites were selected as CZS biomarker candidates. Serum multiomics analysis led us to propose nine putative biomarkers for CZS prognosis with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Zika virus/genética , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/diagnóstico , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/patologia , Multiômica , BiomarcadoresRESUMO
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can be transmitted vertically, leading to the development of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in infected fetuses. During the early stages of gestation, the fetuses face an elevated risk of developing CZS. However, it is important to note that late-stage infections can also result in adverse outcomes. The differences between CZS and non-CZS phenotypes remain poorly understood. In this review, we provide a summary of the molecular mechanisms underlying ZIKV infection and placental and blood-brain barriers trespassing. Also, we have included molecular alterations that elucidate the progression of CZS by proteomics and metabolomics studies. Lastly, this review comprises investigations into body fluid samples, which have aided to identify potential biomarkers associated with CZS.
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Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Infecção por Zika virus/diagnóstico , Zika virus/genética , Placenta , Proteômica , BiomarcadoresRESUMO
PURPOSE: Our main goal is to identify the alterations in the amniotic fluid (AF) metabolome in Zika virus (ZIKV)-infected patients and their relation to congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) progression. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We applied an untargeted metabolomics strategy to analyze seven AF of pregnant women: healthy women and ZIKV-infected women bearing non-microcephalic and microcephalic fetuses. RESULTS: Infected patients were characterized by glycerophospholipid metabolism impairment, which is accentuated in microcephalic phenotypes. Glycerophospholipid decreased concentration in AF can be a consequence of intracellular transport of lipids to the placental or fetal tissues under development. The increased intracellular concentration of lipids can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and neurodegeneration caused by lipid droplet accumulation. Furthermore, the dysregulation of amino acid metabolism was a molecular fingerprint of microcephalic phenotypes, specifically serine, and proline metabolisms. Both amino acid deficiencies were related to neurodegenerative disorders, intrauterine growth retardation, and placental abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This study enhances our understanding of the development of CZS pathology and sheds light on dysregulated pathways that could be relevant for future studies.
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Microcefalia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Feminino , Gravidez , Humanos , Infecção por Zika virus/complicações , Líquido Amniótico , Placenta , Aminoácidos , LipídeosRESUMO
Several medicinal plants have been administered to cancer patients attributed to their anticarcinogenic and chemoprotective properties, in addition to lower toxicity compared to traditional therapies. The aim was to investigate the antioxidant properties and carotenoid composition of aqueous extracts of Mentha piperita or Artemisia vulgaris which were previously found to exert beneficial effects on human health through diet. aqueous extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activity. A diversity of carotenoids was identified in these extracts using HPLC-PDA-MS/MS. Both extracts contained predominantly all-trans-lutein as the main component within this class. In order to investigate antioxidant properties, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) techniques were used. The (3-4,5 dimethylthiazol-2, 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) and Crystal Violet assays assessed cellular cytotoxicity. Assessments of presence of reactive species were carried out following exposure of oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line (SCC-4) to various aqueous extracts of M piperita or A vulgaris utilizing dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) and nitric oxide (NO) assays. Exposure to these extracts induced severe cytotoxic effects, which led to investigation of the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying this observed effect. Data demonstrated that both solutions induced oxidative stress and DNA damage, especially at higher concentrations using agarose gel subjected to electrophoresis. It is known that exposure to excess amounts of antioxidants results in a prooxidant effect which is beneficial in cancer therapy. Further, the extracts were found to reduce viability of SCC-4 in culture, indicating that this antitumoral activity may be of therapeutic importance and requires further study.
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Artemisia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas , Neoplasias Bucais , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/química , Mentha piperita/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Clivagem do DNA , Compostos Fitoquímicos , Carotenoides/farmacologiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is an epileptic syndrome with onset in childhood and adolescence with myoclonus, absences, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Reflex stimuli such as sensitivity to light or photosensitivity, eyelid opening and closing, and praxis induction produce epileptiform discharges and seizures. These reflex triggers are not all systematically studied. OBJECTIVE: Examine reflex features in patients with JME. METHODS: One hundred adolescents and adults with JME who received different anti-seizure treatments were evaluated consecutively. A standard electroencephalogram was performed with an intermittent light stimulation (SLI) protocol and another for the evaluation of praxias through neurocognitive activity (CNA). The statistical analysis was descriptive and of correlation with a p > 0.05. RESULTS: Current age was 28±11 (14-67). The seizure began at 15 years ±3 (Range 8-25 years). They presented myoclonus and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in 58%. 50% received valproic acid and 31% continued with seizures. Epileptiform discharges at rest 20%; hyperventilation 30%; eyelid opening and closing 12%; photoparoxysmal response in SLI 40%; CNA 23%. Higher percentage of discharges and delay in performing CNA in those who presented seizures. Valproic acid compared to other drugs did not demonstrate superiority in seizure control. CONCLUSIONS: These findings confirm the importance of studying reflex traits for diagnosis, follow-up, and therapeutic control.
Introducción: La epilepsia mioclónica juvenil (EMJ) es un síndrome epiléptico de inicio en la infancia y adolescencia con mioclonías, convulsiones tónico-clónicas generalizadas y ausencias. Los estímulos reflejos como la sensibilidad a la luz o fotosensibilidad, la apertura y cierre palpebral y la inducción por praxias producen descargas epileptiformes y crisis. Estos desencadenantes reflejos no son todos sistemáticamente estudiados. OBJETIVO: Examinar los rasgos reflejos en pacientes con EMJ. Métodos: Se evaluaron en forma consecutiva 100 adolescentes y adultos con EMJ que recibían diferentes tratamientos anticrisis. Se realizó un electroencefalograma standard con un protocolo de estimulación luminosa intermitente (ELI) y otro para la evaluación de las praxias a través de una actividad neurocognitiva (ANC). El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo y de correlación. Se consideró significativa una p > 0.05. RESULTADOS: La edad actual fue de 28±11 (14-67). Las crisis comenzaron a los 15 años ±3 (Rango 8-25 años). EL 58% presentaron mioclonías y convulsiones tónico clónicas generalizadas. El 50% recibían ácido valproico y el 31% continuaban con crisis. Descargas epileptiformes en reposo 20%; hiperventilación 30%; apertura y cierre palpebral 12%; respuesta fotoparoxística en la ELI 40%; ANC 23%. Mayor porcentaje de descargas y demora en la realización de la ANC en los que presentaban crisis. El ácido valproico comparado con los otros fármacos no demostró superioridad en el control de las crisis. CONCLUSIONES: Estos hallazgos confirman la importancia del estudio de los rasgos reflejos para el diagnóstico, seguimiento y el control terapéutico.
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Epilepsias Mioclônicas , Epilepsia Mioclônica Juvenil , Mioclonia , Adulto , Adolescente , Humanos , Epilepsia Mioclônica Juvenil/diagnóstico , Epilepsia Mioclônica Juvenil/tratamento farmacológico , Ácido Valproico/uso terapêutico , Eletroencefalografia , Reflexo , ConvulsõesRESUMO
Resumen Introducción : La epilepsia mioclónica juvenil (EMJ) es un síndrome epiléptico de inicio en la infancia y ado lescencia con mioclonías, convulsiones tónico-clónicas generalizadas y ausencias. Los estímulos reflejos como la sensibilidad a la luz o fotosensibilidad, la apertura y cierre palpebral y la inducción por praxias producen descargas epileptiformes y crisis. Estos desencadenan tes reflejos no son todos sistemáticamente estudiados. Objetivo : Examinar los rasgos reflejos en pacientes con EMJ. Métodos : Se evaluaron en forma consecutiva 100 adolescentes y adultos con EMJ que recibían diferentes tratamientos anticrisis. Se realizó un electroencefalogra ma standard con un protocolo de estimulación luminosa intermitente (ELI) y otro para la evaluación de las pra xias a través de una actividad neurocognitiva (ANC). El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo y de correlación. Se consideró significativa una p > 0.05. Resultados : La edad actual fue de 28+/-11 (14-67). Las crisis comenzaron a los 15 años +/-3 (Rango 8-25 años). EL 58% presentaron mioclonías y convulsiones tónico clónicas generalizadas. El 50% recibían ácido valproico y el 31% continuaban con crisis. Descargas epileptiformes en reposo 20%; hiperventilación 30%; apertura y cierre palpebral 12%; respuesta fotoparoxística en la ELI 40%; ANC 23%. Mayor porcentaje de descargas y demora en la realización de la ANC en los que presentaban crisis. El ácido valproico comparado con los otros fármacos no demostró superioridad en el control de las crisis. Conclusiones : Estos hallazgos confirman la importan cia del estudio de los rasgos reflejos para el diagnóstico, seguimiento y el control terapéutico.
Abstract Introduction : Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is an epileptic syndrome with onset in childhood and adolescence with myoclonus, absences, and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. Reflex stimuli such as sensitivity to light or photosensitivity, eyelid opening and closing, and praxis induction produce epileptiform discharges and seizures. These reflex triggers are not all system atically studied. Objective : Examine reflex features in patients with JME. Methods : One hundred adolescents and adults with JME who received different anti-seizure treatments were evaluated consecutively. A standard electroen cephalogram was performed with an intermittent light stimulation (SLI) protocol and another for the evaluation of praxias through neurocognitive activity (CNA). The statistical analysis was descriptive and of correlation with a p > 0.05. Results : Current age was 28+/-11 (14-67). The seizure began at 15 years +/-3 (Range 8-25 years). They pre sented myoclonus and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in 58%. 50% received valproic acid and 31% continued with seizures. Epileptiform discharges at rest 20%; hy perventilation 30%; eyelid opening and closing 12%; photoparoxysmal response in SLI 40%; CNA 23%. Higher percentage of discharges and delay in performing CNA in those who presented seizures. Valproic acid com pared to other drugs did not demonstrate superiority in seizure control. Conclusions : These findings confirm the importance of studying reflex traits for diagnosis, follow-up, and therapeutic control.
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Papaya sticky disease is caused by the association of a fusagra-like and an umbra-like virus, named papaya meleira virus (PMeV) and papaya meleira virus 2 (PMeV2), respectively. Both viral genomes are encapsidated in particles formed by the PMeV ORF1 product, which has the potential to encode a protein with 1563 amino acids (aa). However, the structural components of the viral capsid are unknown. To characterize the structural proteins of PMeV and PMeV2, virions were purified from Carica papaya latex. SDS-PAGE analysis of purified virus revealed two major proteins of ~40 kDa and ~55 kDa. Amino-terminal sequencing of the ~55 kDa protein and LC-MS/MS of purified virions indicated that this protein starts at aa 263 of the deduced ORF1 product as a result of either degradation or proteolytic processing. A yeast two-hybrid assay was used to identify Arabidopsis proteins interacting with two PMeV ORF1 product fragments (aa 321-670 and 961-1200). The 50S ribosomal protein L17 (AtRPL17) was identified as potentially associated with modulated translation-related proteins. In plant cells, AtRPL17 co-localized and interacted with the PMeV ORF1 fragments. These findings support the hypothesis that the interaction between PMeV/PMeV2 structural proteins and RPL17 is important for virus-host interactions.
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Proteínas do Capsídeo , Carica , Aminoácidos , Capsídeo , Proteínas do Capsídeo/genética , Cromatografia Líquida , Látex , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Vírus de RNA/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dietary practices are acquired in the family context and in turn can affect the health of family members, especially the nutritional status of children. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between nutritional status and feeding practices in children from foster families served by the SOS Children's Villages program in Cartagena, Colombia. METHODS: The study had a cross-sectional design. Through a non-probabilistic purposive sampling, 139 children from 0 to 5 years of age from the SOS Children's Villages Cartagena program were involved. The sociodemographic background of the participants was recorded and the nutritional status of the children was evaluated through anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Dietary practices were measured by means of a standardized questionnaire. Analyses were performed with Poisson regression models with robust variance. These regression models provided prevalence ratios (PR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: Among dietary practices, it was observed that most families eat together at home (63.3%), watch television when they eat (55.4%), and have dietary norms (80.6%). Consumption of plant foods was predominantly high, especially vegetables (86.3%), fruits (92.1%), cereals (84.9%), root vegetables, and bananas (93.5%). Consumption < 4 times/week of soft drinks and industrialized juices increases 14.3 times the probability of low weight-for-height in the study population compared to the group that does not consume them. On the other hand, watching television while eating (PR: 2.82, 95%CI 1.32-4.69) and consumption of sweet snacks (PR: 2.24, 95%CI 1.03-4.87) increased the probability of low height-for-age; while having eaten norms at home decreased the probability of low height-for-age in the study population by 50%. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop and implement interventions such as preventive measures and early diagnosis of inappropriate feeding behaviors to ensure adequate nutritional status among children under 5 years of age.
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The severe acute respiratory syndrome spread worldwide, causing a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 mutations have arisen in the spike, a glycoprotein at the viral envelope and an antigenic candidate for vaccines against COVID-19. Here, we present comparative data of the glycosylated full-length ancestral and D614G spike together with three other transmissible strains classified by the World Health Organization as variants of concern: beta, gamma, and delta. By showing that D614G has less hydrophobic surface exposure and trimer persistence, we place D614G with features that support a model of temporary fitness advantage for virus spillover. Furthermore, during the SARS-CoV-2 adaptation, the spike accumulates alterations leading to less structural stability for some variants. The decreased trimer stability of the ancestral and gamma and the presence of D614G uncoupled conformations mean higher ACE-2 affinities compared to the beta and delta strains. Mapping the energetics and flexibility of variants is necessary to improve vaccine development.
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BACKGROUND: Although older adults are at a high risk of severe or critical Covid-19, there are many cases of unvaccinated centenarians who had a silent infection or recovered from mild or moderate Covid-19. We studied three Brazilian supercentenarians, older than 110 years, who survived Covid-19 in 2020 before being vaccinated. RESULTS: Despite their advanced age, humoral immune response analysis showed that these individuals displayed robust levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against SARS-CoV-2. Enrichment of plasma proteins and metabolites related to innate immune response and host defense was also observed. None presented autoantibodies (auto-Abs) to type I interferon (IFN). Furthermore, these supercentenarians do not carry rare variants in genes underlying the known inborn errors of immunity, including particular inborn errors of type I IFN. CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that their Covid-19 resilience might be a combination of their genetic background and their innate and adaptive immunity.
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During pregnancy, the vertical transmission of the Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause some disorders in the fetus, called Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Several efforts have been made to understand the molecular mechanism of the CZS. However, the study of CZS pathogenesis through infected human samples is scarce. Therefore, the main goal of this study is to identify and understand the biological processes affected by CZS development. We analyzed by a shotgun proteomic approach the amniotic fluid of pregnant women infected with Zika carrying microcephalic (MC+ ) or non-microcephalic (Z+ ) fetuses compared to Zika negative controls (CTR). Several groups of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were dysregulated in the Z+ and MC+ patients, triggering an opposite dysregulation. The down-regulation of the ECM proteins in the MC+ groups can be another factor that contributes to CZS. On the contrary, the Z+ group could be developing a neuroprotective response through ECM proteins up-regulation. The neutrophil degranulation process was disrupted in the Z+ and MC+ groups, where the MC+ groups showed a complex dysregulation. These results suggest that the microcephalic phenotypes are modulated by a down-regulation of the ECM and the impairment of the innate immune system processes.
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Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Feto/metabolismo , Sistema Imunitário/metabolismo , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Proteoma/análise , Proteômica/métodos , Infecção por Zika virus/patologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Regulação para Baixo/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Microcefalia/complicações , Microcefalia/metabolismo , Microcefalia/patologia , Gravidez , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Regulação para Cima/genética , Zika virus/genética , Zika virus/isolamento & purificação , Infecção por Zika virus/complicações , Infecção por Zika virus/metabolismo , Infecção por Zika virus/virologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission to the fetus during pregnancy could enable a collection of severe fetal malformations like microcephaly (MC), termed Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). The mechanisms involved in ZIKV transplacental transmission are not fully understood. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Here we aim to identify in placental tissues the deregulated proteins associated with ZIKV-induced MC using label-free proteomics. RESULTS: We found proteins associated with DNA damage and gene expression inhibition up-regulated in infected placentas with no MC fetuses (Z+) compared to the control group (Ctr). Actin filament organization and the immune response were also found deregulated in the Z+ group. In ZIKV-positive placentas bearing fetuses with MC (MC+) was detected an increase in T cell activation, indicating an elevated immune response. A comparison between MC+ and Z+ groups showed a higher abundance of proteins related to endocytosis and autophagy in MC+, suggesting a higher transcytosis of vesicles with ZIKV particles across the maternal-fetal interface. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Our results suggest that higher expression of integrins in MC+ might be associated with high internalization of the virus since these proteins are known as virus receptors. Similarly, an increased immune response in the placenta and higher infiltration of the virus to the fetus could contribute to the neurological malformation of the CZS.
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Microcefalia/patologia , Placenta/metabolismo , Proteoma/análise , Proteômica/métodos , Infecção por Zika virus/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Dano ao DNA/genética , Regulação para Baixo/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Microcefalia/complicações , Microcefalia/metabolismo , Nanotecnologia , Placenta/virologia , Gravidez , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Regulação para Cima/genética , Zika virus/genética , Zika virus/isolamento & purificação , Infecção por Zika virus/complicações , Infecção por Zika virus/virologiaRESUMO
<b>Background and Objective:</b> Arcuate nucleus (ARC), a component of appetite-regulatory factors, contains populations of both orexigenic and anorexigenic neurons and one of the fundamental components of its system is leptin. Studies have evidenced the critical neurotrophic role in the development of ARC. To determine such effects on neuron development, N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells were used as an ARC model. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells were treated with leptin [10 nM] for 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) 1.5% was used as a known drug that promotes neurite expression. Cells percentage (%) that developed neurites was evaluated by bright field microscopy. Patch-clamp electrophysiology was used to analyze membrane ion currents, RT-PCR for quantifying changes in mRNA expression of anorexic peptides, proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine and amphetamine-related transcript (CART), in addition to principal Na<sub>v</sub>, Ca<sub>v</sub> ion channel subunits. <b>Results:</b> N1E-115 cells treated with leptin show neurite expression after 24 hrs of treatment, similar effects were obtained with DMSO. Leptin (time-dependent) increases the inward current in comparison with the control value at 72 hrs. Outward currents were not affected by leptin. Leptin and DMSO increased Na<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> current without changes in the kinetic properties. Lastly, leptin promotes an increase in mRNA level expression of transcripts to POMC, CART, Na<sub>v</sub>1.2 and Ca<sub>v</sub>1.3. <b>Conclusion:</b> Leptin chronic treatment promotes neurite expression, Up-regulation of Na<sup>+</sup> and Ca<sup>2+</sup> ion channels determining neuronal excitability, besides increasing the mRNA level expression of anorexic peptides POMC and CART in neuroblastoma N1E-115.
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Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Canais Iônicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Leptina/farmacologia , Neuroblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Leptina/uso terapêutico , México , Camundongos , Neuroblastoma/metabolismoRESUMO
RESUMEN Con base en diversas investigaciones de las autoras en el ramo medioambiental de la Industria Minero-Metalúrgica de México, se plantea un estudio que tiene como objetivo describir, desde la perspectiva teórica de la Economía Circular, indicadores en función de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible: Industria, Innovación e Infraestructura, y Producción y Consumo Responsable en relación con las fases del Modelo de Economía Circular (MEC), para formular propuestas de medición de productividad en búsqueda del equilibrio económico, social y ambiental que promueve la Sustentabilidad. A partir de una metodología de corte cualitativo basada en un Estudio de Caso realizado en una unidad minera se obtienen resultados que permiten establecer indicadores en relación con cada fase del MEC, generando conclusiones que dirigen a mediciones particulares que en conjunto permitirán la obtención de valores de productividad ligados a la circularidad gestando acciones sustentables.
ABSTRACT Based on diverse investigations of the authors in the environmental branch of the Mining-Metallurgic Industry of Mexico, a study is proposed that has as objective to describe from the theoretical perspective of the Circular Economy, indicators in function of the Objectives of Sustainable Development: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure and Production and Responsible Consumption in relation to the phases of the Model of Circular Economy (MCE), to formulate proposals of measurement of productivity in search of the economic, social and environmental balance, that Sustainability promotes. From a qualitative methodology based on a Case Study carried out in a mining unit, results are obtained that allow the establishment of indicators in relation to each phase of the MCE, generating conclusions that lead to particular measurements that together will allow the obtaining of productivity values linked to circularity by managing sustainable actions.
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Humanos , Economia , Indicadores de Desenvolvimento Sustentável , Desenvolvimento SustentávelRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: Hasta la fecha no se ha podido establecer un consenso para definir de forma universal el Síndrome Metabólico (SM) en niños y adolescentes. En Paraguay, no ha sido documentada la variación de la frecuencia de SM en niños y adolescentes de acuerdo a las diferentes definiciones propuestas en la literatura. Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia de Síndrome Metabólico en niños y adolescentes de una escuela de la ciudad de Asunción utilizando 3 diferentes definiciones. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en niños y adolescentes (9-13 años). Se recolectaron datos demográficos y mediciones antropométricas. Se extrajeron muestras de sangre en ayunas. Se analizó el colesterol total, triglicéridos, HDL-colesterol, LDL-colesterol y se midió la presión arterial. La frecuencia de SM se estimó a partir de las definiciones modificadas de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes (IDFmod), Programa Nacional de Educación sobre Colesterol (NCEPmod) y De Ferranti. El protocolo de estudio fue aprobado por el comité de ética de la FCQ-UNA Cod 340/17. Resultados: Se analizaron datos de 76 niños y adolescentes (el 56% de sexo masculino), cuya edad promedio fue de 10,5 ±1,1 años. El 54% presentó sobrepeso y obesidad. La frecuencia de SM fue 5,26% según IDFmod, 7,89% según NCEPmod y 22,37% de según De Ferranti. Conclusión: La frecuencia de SM fue mayor al emplear la definición propuesta por De Ferranti. Utilizar definiciones cuyos puntos de corte son más estrictos podría tener un efecto en términos preventivos al detectar precozmente a los niños y adolescentes en riesgo.
ABSTRACT Introduction: To date it has not been possible to establish a consensus to universally define the Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in children and adolescents. In Paraguay, the variation in the frequency of MS in children and adolescents has not been documented according to the different definitions proposed in the literature. Objective: To determine the frequency of Metabolic Syndrome in children and adolescents of a school in the city of Asunción using 3 different definitions. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out in children and adolescents (9-13 years). Demographic data and anthropometric measurements were collected. Fasting blood samples were drawn. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were analyzed and blood pressure was measured. The frequency of MS was estimated from the modified definitions of the International Diabetes Federation (IDFmod), National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEPmod) and De Ferranti. The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of the FCQ-UNA Cod 340/17. Results: Data from 76 children and adolescents (56% male), whose average age was 10.5 ± 1.1 years, were analyzed. 54% were overweight and obese. The frequency of MS was 5.26% according to IDFmod, 7.89% according to NCEPmod and 22.37% according to De Ferranti. Conclusion: The frequency of MS was higher when using the definition proposed by De Ferranti. Using definitions whose cut-off points are stricter could have a preventive effect by early detection of at-risk children and adolescents.
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The Trivers-Willard hypothesis (TWH) posits that maternal care will be biased in favor of the sex that provides the greatest fitness returns per unit of investment, depending on maternal physical condition. Our aim was to examine the TWH in mantled howler monkeys living at Los Tuxtlas (Veracruz, Mexico). The biological attributes of mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata) meet the assumptions of TWH better than those of other explanations, so we expected that females in better physical condition should bias maternal care toward sons, whereas mothers in worse physical condition should bias care toward daughters. Between December 2017 and March 2019, we studied mother-infant interactions in 20 dyads with focal-animal sampling and continuous recording (N = 204 h). We performed genetic analysis to determine offspring sex (N = 7 daughters and 13 sons) and measured C-peptide in urine samples of mothers to assess their physical condition (N = 46 samples). Mothers in better physical condition spent less time in contact with their sons but more time in contact with their daughters. For proximity behavior, mothers in better physical condition spent more time near their sons and less time near their daughters. These results suggest a bias in maternal care towards daughters, contrary to our predictions. In light of current models of maternal investment, our results support that mothers obtain higher fitness returns through daughters.
Assuntos
Alouatta/fisiologia , Comportamento Materno/fisiologia , Animais , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Peptídeo C/urina , Feminino , Masculino , MéxicoRESUMO
Objetivos El objetivo principal del siguiente trabajo es relacionar los hallazgos imagenológicos con los resultados histopatológicos de lesiones mamarias que requirieron biopsia. El primer objetivo secundario es evaluar el grado de subestimación de aquellas lesiones de riesgo a las que se le realizó Biopsia Radioquirúrgica (brq). El segundo objetivo secundario es conocer la sensibilidad y especificidad del bi-rads como método de diagnóstico para nuestra muestra. Material y método Se incluyeron 403 pacientes que fueron biopsiadas en el Centro de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Mamarias (cedytem) de la Ciudad de Santa Fe, en el período de tiempo comprendido entre el 1/1/15 y el 31/12/17. Los nódulos fueron punzados bajo guía ecográfica y las microcalcificaciones, asimetrías y distorsiones arquitecturales bajo guía estereotáxica. La concordancia entre los hallazgos imagenológicos e histopatológicos fue analizada teniendo en cuenta la clasificación de Parikh y Tickman. Resultados Se constató una buena relación entre las categorías bi-rads y la probabilidad de malignidad de las lesiones acorde a lo establecido por el Colegio Americano de Radiólogos (acr). Se observó un 100% de concordancia entre las lesiones categorizadas como benignas (bi-rads 3) y un 97% entre las categorizadas como malignas (bi-rads 5). Las lesiones categorizadas en el grupo de moderada a alta sospecha de malignidad (bi-rads 4B y bi-rads 4C) que resultaron benignas fueron reevaluadas para decidir nuevo control en 6 meses, repetir la biopsia o indicar la realización de brq. Se diagnosticaron 17 lesiones de riesgo (4,2%), de las cuales 12 fueron reevaluadas con brq, evidenciando un porcentaje de subestimación del 42%. Conclusiones A partir de los datos obtenidos, se calculó una sensibilidad del bi-rads como método de diagnóstico del 95% y una especificidad del 74%
Objectives The primary aim of the following work is to relate the imaging findings to the histopathological results of breast lesions that required biopsy. The second aim is to evaluate the degree of underestimation of those risk lesions that underwent a radio-surgical biopsy. The last objective is to know the sensibility and specificity of bi-rads as a diagnosis method for our sample. Materials and method This work included four hundred and three patients who were biopsied at Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Diseases (cedytem) in the city of Santa Fe, in the time period between 1/1/15 and 12/31/17. The nodules were punctured under ultrasound guidance while microcalcifications, asymmetries and architectural distortions under stereotactic guidance. Results A good relationship was observed between the bi-rads categories and the probability of malignancy of the lesions according to what is established by the American College of Radiologists (acr). The imaging-histopathological findings correlation was evaluated taking into account the classification of Parikh and Tickman. A 100% correlation was observed between lesions categorized as benign (bi-rads 3), and 97% among those categorized as malignant (bi-rads 5). The lesions categorized as moderate or high suspicion of malignancy (birads 4B and bi-rads 4C) which turned out to be benign were re-evaluated to decide on having a new control in 6 months, repeating the biopsy or indicating the radio-surgical biopsy. Seventeen risk lesions (4.2%) were diagnosed of which twelve were reassessed with radio-surgical biopsy, evidencing an underestimation percentage of 42%. Conclusions Based on the data obtained, it was calculated for our sample a 95% sensitivity of the bi-rads and a 74% of specificity as a diagnostic method.