RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) - a delicious fruit once used in Ayurvedic medicine - is now largely known for the antioxidant properties of its juice, which has also been considered to have health benefits against diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. These beneficial effects are associated with the fruit's high content of polyphenolic compounds. High demand and lower production levels drive pomegranate prices up, which leads to the possibility of pomegranate products being adulterated, diluted or substituted. To ensure the presence of pomegranate in various preparations labeled as containing pomegranate, a simple method was developed to screen and quantify the specific punicalagins by mass spectrometry. RESULTS: The present method was used to analyze several pure and mixed beverages from the US market, and also to quantify punicalagins in the juice of 14 pomegranate cultivars. Punicalagins were detected in all cultivars, with higher concentrations in whole fruit juices compared with aril juices. Amongst the 20 commercial beverages, punicalagins were not detected in four preparations. CONCLUSION: The liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric method presented herein enables an easy and rapid quantification of the specific punicalagins. The latter was detected in all cultivar samples, thus supporting that punicalagin is a suitable marker of these 14 pomegranate cultivars in commercial juices. Absence of the specific marker in four commercial preparations shows the necessity of having simple and rapid methods to evaluate the presence of pomegranate in preparations. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Taninos Hidrolizables/química , Lythraceae/química , Preparaciones de Plantas/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales/análisis , Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales/economía , Taninos Hidrolizables/economía , Lythraceae/clasificación , Preparaciones de Plantas/economíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with strawberry extracts rich in ETs and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) on the intestinal microbiota and the formation of bacterial metabolites in the distal intestine, as well as the absorption of ET metabolites and antioxidant status in rats. METHODS: Rats were allocated into six groups of eight animals each and fed for 4 weeks with a control diet (group C), a control diet supplemented with FOS (group C + FOS) or modifications of these diets, in which a monomeric or dimeric ET-rich extract was added (groups ME and ME + FOS or DE and DE + FOS, respectively). RESULTS: The extract addition, the FOS addition and their interaction significantly affected the total and selected bacterial counts in the caecal digesta (all P < 0.005). The total bacterial count was the highest in group C + FOS, lower in group DE and the lowest in group ME + FOS (10.6, 10.3 and 8.52 log cells/g, respectively; P ≤ 0.05). The total caecal content of ET metabolites was higher in the ME and ME + FOS group than in the DE and DE + FOS group, respectively (67.8 and 89.5 vs. 13.0 and 18.0 µg/g, respectively; P < 0.001). The total plasma concentration of ET metabolites was higher in the ME + FOS and DE + FOS group than in the ME group (248 and 281 vs. 8.13 ng/mL, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: ETs of the monomeric ET-rich extract are more prone to intestinal breakdown than those of the dimeric ET-rich extract, and absorption of their metabolites can be increased by dietary FOS; however, together, they evoke strong antibacterial activity.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Suplementos Dietéticos , Disbiosis/prevención & control , Fragaria/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Prebióticos , Animales , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/economía , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Carga Bacteriana , Suplementos Dietéticos/economía , Disbiosis/sangre , Disbiosis/metabolismo , Disbiosis/microbiología , Industria de Procesamiento de Alimentos/economía , Frutas/química , Frutas/economía , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Taninos Hidrolizables/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/economía , Taninos Hidrolizables/metabolismo , Residuos Industriales/análisis , Residuos Industriales/economía , Absorción Intestinal , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Intestinos/microbiología , Peroxidación de Lípido , Masculino , Peso Molecular , Oligosacáridos/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/economía , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The combination of molecular crowding and virtual imprinting was employed to develop a cost-effective method to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers. By using linear polymer polystyrene as a macromolecular crowding agent, an imprinted polymer recognizable to punicalagin had been successfully synthesized with punicalin as the dummy template. The resulting punicalin-imprinted polymer presented a remarkable selectivity to punicalagin with an imprinting factor of 3.17 even at extremely low consumption of the template (template/monomer ratio of 1:782). In contrast, the imprinted polymer synthesized without crowding agent, did not show any imprinting effect at so low template amount. The imprinted polymers made by combination of molecular crowding and virtual imprinting can be utilized for the fast separation of punicalagin from pomegranate husk extract after optimizing the protocol of solid-phase extraction with the recovery of 85.3 ± 1.2%.
Asunto(s)
Taninos Hidrolizables/aislamiento & purificación , Lythraceae/química , Impresión Molecular/economía , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Taninos Hidrolizables/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/economía , Sustancias Macromoleculares/química , Sustancias Macromoleculares/economía , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/economía , Polímeros/química , Polímeros/economía , Extracción en Fase Sólida/economíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Liquid extracts from pomegranate peel have the potential for use as natural antioxidant products. This study investigates the quality changes of liquid extracts before and after thermal treatment during sterilization and storage. Liquid pomegranate peel extracts were prepared, sterilized under ultra-high temperature (UHT) at 121 °C for 10 s and then stored at three temperatures (4, 25 and 37 °C) for up to 180 days. The industrial, color, UV-visible spectrum profile and antioxidant (phenolics) characteristics were measured. RESULTS: Thermal sterilization treatment had no negative effects on the industrial, color, spectral and antioxidant characteristics of the extracts. After 180 days, the extracts stored at 4 °C retained 67% of the initial total soluble phenolic content and 58% of the original scavenging activity. The major antioxidant components in the extracts (stored at 4 °C for 180 days) were gallic acid, punicalagin A, punicalagin B and ellagic acid having concentrations of 19.3, 197.2, 221.1 and 92.4 mg L⻹, respectively. CONCLUSION: The results show that liquid pomegranate peel extracts had acceptable thermal stability after sterilization and storage. The recommended storage condition of this product was low temperature.