RESUMEN
Acute heart failure, advanced cardiac failure, cardiac surgery, and sepsis are conditions that require simultaneous treatment to stimulate contractility and/or reduce systemic vascular resistance, with levosimendan and milrinone being treatment options. This research's aim is to review the current indications and evidence for these medications across various scenarios. Evidence suggests that levosimendan is a non-inferior alternative to dobutamine and superior to milrinone in treating low cardiac output syndrome following cardiac surgery. In cases of septic shock, levosimendan has been linked to lower mortality rates compared to placebo, while milrinone's efficacy remains inconclusive. Furthermore, postoperative patients undergoing correction for congenital heart disease have shown reduced mechanical ventilation time and intensive care unit stays when treated with levosimendan, although differences exist between the populations assigned to each intervention. In conclusion, levosimendan, compared to milrinone, appears to offer better hemodynamic favorability in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, additional research is necessary to further understand its impact on hemodynamic outcomes, mortality, intensive care unit, and hospital stays in patients with cardiogenic shock of both ischemic and non-ischemic etiologies, as well as septic shock.
Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos , Cardiotónicos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Milrinona , Simendán , Humanos , Simendán/uso terapéutico , Milrinona/uso terapéutico , Milrinona/administración & dosificación , Cardiotónicos/uso terapéutico , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Cardíacos/efectos adversos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/mortalidad , Hemodinámica/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sepsis/mortalidad , Gasto Cardíaco Bajo/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a frequent cause of admission to intensive care units (ICUs). High mortality rates are estimated globally, and in our country, few studies have reported one-year survival. The objective of this study is to determine one-year survival in patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU in Colombia, compared with the survival of patients admitted for other conditions. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study using administrative databases from the Ministry of Health of Colombia. One-year survival and the adjusted hazard ratio for survival, adjusted for comorbidities included in the Charlson Index, were determined using a Cox proportional hazards model for patients admitted for other causes as well as for those admitted for sepsis. This was then compared with an inverse propensity score weighting model. RESULTS: A total of 116.407 patients were initially admitted to the ICUs, with 12.056 (10.36%) diagnosed with sepsis. Within the first year, 4.428 (36.73%) patients died due to sepsis. Age and male gender were associated with an increased risk of death from sepsis, and the covariates associated with one-year mortality were as follows: age over 80 years with HR 9.91 (95% CI: 9.22-10.65), renal disease with HR 3.16 (95% CI: 3.03-3.29), primary tumoral disease with HR 2.07 (95% CI: 1.92-2.23), liver disease with HR 2.27 (95% CI: 2.07-2.50), and metastatic solid tumor with HR 2.03 (95% CI: 1.92-2.15). CONCLUSION: This study revealed a high one-year sepsis mortality rate in the population, associated with variables such as age over 80 years, the presence of renal disease, liver disease, connective tissue diseases, and cancer. Men exhibited higher mortality compared to women.
Asunto(s)
Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Sepsis , Humanos , Colombia/epidemiología , Masculino , Sepsis/mortalidad , Femenino , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto , Modelos de Riesgos Proporcionales , Factores de Riesgo , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Health care-associated infections (HAIs) contribute to morbidity and mortality and to the dissemination of multidrug-resistant organisms. Children admitted to the intensive care unit undergo invasive procedures that increase their risk of developing HAIs and sepsis. The aim of the study was to analyse factors associated with mortality due to sepsis arising from HAIs. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in a 7-bed multipurpose paediatric intensive care unit in a tertiary care teaching hospital. The sample consisted of 90 children admitted between January 2014 and December 2018. The case group consisted of patients who died from sepsis associated with the main health care-associated infections; the control group consisted of patients who survived sepsis associated with the same infections. RESULTS: Death was associated with age less than or equal to 12 months, presence of comorbidity, congenital disease, recurrent ventilator-associated pneumonia and septic shock. In the multiple regression analysis, heart disease (OR, 12.48; CI 2.55-60.93; P = .002), infection by carbapenem-resistant bacteria (OR, 31.51; CI 4.01-247.25; P = .001), cancer (OR, 58.23; CI 4.54-746.27; P = .002), and treatment with adrenaline (OR, 13.14; CI 1.35-128.02; P = .003) continued to be significantly associated with death. CONCLUSIONS: Hospital sepsis secondary to carbapenem-resistant bacteria contributed to a high mortality rate in this cohort. Children with heart disease or neoplasia or who needed vasopressor drugs had poorer outcomes.
Asunto(s)
Infección Hospitalaria , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico , Sepsis , Humanos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Sepsis/mortalidad , Preescolar , Factores de Riesgo , Infección Hospitalaria/mortalidad , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Niño , Recién Nacido , Estudios Retrospectivos , Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres/mortalidad , Infecciones Relacionadas con Catéteres/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Medical nutrition therapy provides the opportunity to compensate for muscle wasting and immune response activation during stress and trauma. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the safety and effectiveness of early enteral nutrition (EEN) in adults with sepsis or septic shock. METHODS: The MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP tools were searched from inception until July 2023. Conference proceedings, the reference lists of included studies, and expert content were queried to identify additional publications. Two review authors completed the study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment; disagreements were resolved through discussion. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized studies (NRSs) comparing the administration of EEN with no or delayed enteral nutrition (DEE) in adult populations with sepsis or septic shock. RESULTS: Five RCTs (n = 442 participants) and ten NRSs (n = 3724 participants) were included. Low-certainty evidence from RCTs and NRSs suggests that patients receiving EEN could require fewer days of mechanical ventilation (MD -2.65; 95% CI, -4.44-0.86; and MD -2.94; 95% CI, -3.64--2.23, respectively) and may show lower SOFA scores during follow-up (MD -1.64 points; 95% CI, -2.60--0.68; and MD -1.08 points; 95% CI, -1.90--0.26, respectively), albeit with an increased frequency of diarrhea episodes (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.115-4.34). Even though the patients with EEN show a lower in-hospital mortality rate both in RCTs (OR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.39-1.23) and NRSs (OR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.69-1.13), this difference does not achieve statistical significance. There were no apparent differences for other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Low-quality evidence suggests that EEN may be a safe and effective intervention for the management of critically ill patients with sepsis or septic shock.
Asunto(s)
Nutrición Enteral , Sepsis , Choque Séptico , Humanos , Nutrición Enteral/métodos , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Respiración Artificial , Sepsis/terapia , Sepsis/mortalidad , Choque Séptico/terapia , Choque Séptico/mortalidad , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of patients with cancer-related sepsis requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in a single-center pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). METHOD: Children with sepsis who necessitate CRRT from January 2017 to December 2021 were enrolled. The patients with leukemia/lymphoma or solid tumors were defined as underlying cancer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the death risk factors in patients with cancer-related sepsis. RESULTS: A total of 146 patients were qualified for inclusion. Forty-six (31.5%) patients with cancer-related sepsis and 100 (68.5%) non-cancer-related sepsis. The overall PICU mortality was 28.1% (41/146), and mortality was significantly higher in cancer-related sepsis patients compared with non-cancer patients (41.3% vs. 22.0%, p = 0.016). Need mechanical ventilation, p-SOFA, acute liver failure, higher fluid overload at CRRT initiation, hypoalbuminemia, and high inotropic support were associated with PICU mortality in cancer-related sepsis patients. Moreover, levels of IL-6, total bilirubin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and international normalized ratio were significantly higher in non-survivors than survivors. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, pediatric sequential organ failure assessment (p-SOFA) score (OR:1.805 [95%CI: 1.047-3.113]) and serum albumin level (OR: 0.758 [95%CI: 0.581 -0.988]) were death risk factors in cancer-related sepsis receiving CRRT, and the AUC of combined index of p-SOFA and albumin was 0.852 (95% CI: 0.730-0.974). CONCLUSION: The overall PICU mortality is high in cancer-related sepsis necessitating CRRT. Higher p-SOFA and lower albumin were independent risk factors for PICU mortality.
Asunto(s)
Terapia de Reemplazo Renal Continuo , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Pediátrico , Neoplasias , Sepsis , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sepsis/mortalidad , Sepsis/complicaciones , Sepsis/terapia , Masculino , Femenino , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Neoplasias/complicaciones , Neoplasias/terapia , Niño , Preescolar , Factores de Riesgo , Lactante , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , AdolescenteRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Sepsis poses one of the biggest public health problems, necessitating the search for new therapeutic alternatives. For centuries, propolis has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various inflammatory and infectious diseases. Given its extensive use, it has excellent potential as an adjuvant treatment for patients with sepsis. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated prophylactic treatment with standardized propolis extract (EPP-AF®) and followed the prognosis of sepsis induced by ligation and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). METHODS: Initially, for survival assessment, Swiss mice were separated into five groups: Sham (false operated), control (PBS), ATB (received antibiotic, 8 mg/kg), P10 (received EPP-AF®, 10 mg/kg), and P100 (received EPP-AF®, 100 mg/kg). The animals received PBS, antibiotic, or EPP-AF® by the subcutaneous route 6 h before the CLP procedure. Animal survival was assessed every 12 h for five days when all of them were euthanized. RESULTS: We show that the treatment with EPP-AF® significantly increased the life expectancy of animals with sepsis compared to the control group. Interestingly, prophylactic treatment with EPP-AF® showed no effect on the number of colony-forming units in the peritoneum, blood, or lung. However, there was a decrease in cellular influx in the peritoneum. This alteration was unrelated to the number of bone marrow cells or the differential counting of peripheral blood cells. The coagulogram remained unchanged, including the number of platelets and prothrombin time-activated partial thromboplastin time. However, the inflammatory infiltrate and bleeding in the lung tissue were lower in the animals that received EPP-AF®. CONCLUSION: Thus, it was possible to conclude that prophylactic treatment with EPP-AF® preserved the lung parenchyma, resulting in an increased lifespan of mice with sepsis. It can be a helpful adjuvant in prophylactic treatment with antibiotics in presurgical conditions.
Asunto(s)
Própolis , Sepsis , Animales , Própolis/farmacología , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sepsis/mortalidad , Ratones , Masculino , Abejas , Neumonía/prevención & control , Neumonía/tratamiento farmacológico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/patologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: severe abdominal sepsis, accompained by diffuse peritonitis, poses a significant challenge for most surgeons. It often requires repetitive surgical interventions, leading to complications and resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates. The open abdomen technique, facilitated by applying a negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT), reduces the duration of the initial surgical procedure, minimizes the accumulation of secretions and inflammatory mediators in the abdominal cavity and lowers the risk of abdominal compartment syndrome and its associated complications. Another approach is primary closure of the abdominal aponeurosis, which involves suturing the layers of the abdominal wall. METHODS: the objective of this study is to conduct a survival analysis comparing the treatment of severe abdominal sepsis using open abdomen technique versus primary closure after laparotomy in a public hospital in the South of Brazil. We utilized data extracted from electronic medical records to perform both descriptive and survival analysis, employing the Kaplan-Meier curve and a log-rank test. RESULTS: the study sample encompassed 75 laparotomies conducted over a span of 5 years, with 40 cases employing NPWT and 35 cases utilizing primary closure. The overall mortality rate observed was 55%. Notably, survival rates did not exhibit statistical significance when comparing the two methods, even after stratifying the data into separate analysis groups for each technique. CONCLUSION: recent publications on this subject have reported some favorable outcomes associated with the open abdomen technique underscoring the pressing need for a standardized approach to managing patients with severe, complicated abdominal sepsis.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas de Cierre de Herida Abdominal , Laparotomía , Técnicas de Abdomen Abierto , Sepsis , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Sepsis/mortalidad , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Estudios Retrospectivos , Análisis de Supervivencia , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Adulto , Peritonitis/cirugía , Peritonitis/mortalidad , Peritonitis/etiología , Terapia de Presión Negativa para HeridasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The quick Sequential Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) is a score that has been proposed to quickly identify patients at higher risk of death. OBJECTIVE: To describe the usefulness of the qSOFA score to predict in-hospital mortality in cancer patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out between January 2021 and December 2022. Hospital mortality was the dependent variable. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was calculated to determine the discriminative ability of qSOFA to predict in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: A total of 587 cancer patients were included. A qSOFA score higher than 1 obtained a sensitivity of 57.2%, specificity of 78.5%, a positive predictive value of 55.4% and negative predictive value of 79.7%. The AUC of qSOFA for predicting in-hospital mortality was 0.70. In-hospital mortality of patients with qSOFA scores of 2 and 3 points was 52.7 and 64.4%, respectively. In-hospital mortality was 31.9% (187/587). CONCLUSION: qSOFA showed acceptable discriminative ability for predicting in-hospital mortality in cancer patients.
ANTECEDENTES: El quick Sequential Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) es una puntuación propuesta para identificar de forma rápida a pacientes con mayor probabilidad de morir. OBJETIVO: Describir la utilidad de la puntuación qSOFA para predecir mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con cáncer. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado entre enero de 2021 y diciembre de 2022. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue la variable dependiente. Se calculó el área bajo la curva ROC (ABC) para determinar la capacidad discriminativa de qSOFA para predecir mortalidad hospitalaria. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 587 pacientes con cáncer. La puntuación qSOFA < 1 obtuvo una sensibilidad de 57.2 %, una especificidad de 78.5 %, un valor predictivo positivo de 55.4 % y un valor predictivo negativo de 79.7 %. El ABC de qSOFA para predecir mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 0.70. La mortalidad hospitalaria de los pacientes con qSOFA de 2 y 3 puntos fue de 52.7 y 64.4 %, respectivamente. La mortalidad hospitalaria fue de 31.9 % (187/587). CONCLUSIÓN: qSOFA mostró capacidad discriminativa aceptable para predecir mortalidad hospitalaria en pacientes con cáncer.
Asunto(s)
Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Neoplasias , Puntuaciones en la Disfunción de Órganos , Humanos , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Estudios Transversales , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Curva ROC , Sepsis/mortalidad , Sepsis/diagnóstico , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Área Bajo la Curva , Adulto , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Nonagenarians constitute a rising percentage of inpatients, with acute kidney injury (AKI) being frequent in this population. Thus, it is important to analyze the clinical characteristics of this demographic and their impact on mortality. METHODS: Retrospective study of nonagenarian patients with AKI at a tertiary hospital between 2013 and 2022. Only the latest hospital admission was considered, and patients with incomplete data were excluded. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to define risk factors for mortality. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients were included, with a median age of 93.0 years (91.2-95.0), and males accounting for 42.7% of the sample. Sepsis was the most common cause of AKI (53.3%), followed by dehydration/hypovolemia (17.7%), and heart failure (17.7%). ICU admission occurred in 39.3% of patients, mechanical ventilation in 14.7%, vasopressors use in 22.7% and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in 6.7%. Death occurred in 56.7% of patients. Dehydration/hypovolemia as an etiology of AKI was associated with a lower risk of mortality (OR 0.18; 95% CI 0.04-0.77, p = 0.020). KDIGO stage 3 (OR 3.15; 95% CI 1.17-8.47, p = 0.023), ICU admission (OR 12.27; 95% CI 3.03-49.74, p < 0.001), and oliguria (OR 5.77; 95% CI 1.98-16.85, p = 0.001) were associated with mortality. CONCLUSION: AKI nonagenarians had a high mortality rate, with AKI KDIGO stage 3, oliguria, and ICU admission being associated with death.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Renal Aguda , Humanos , Lesión Renal Aguda/mortalidad , Lesión Renal Aguda/terapia , Lesión Renal Aguda/etiología , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Femenino , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Factores de Riesgo , Deshidratación/complicaciones , Deshidratación/mortalidad , Deshidratación/etiología , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Sepsis/complicaciones , Sepsis/mortalidad , Factores de Edad , Terapia de Reemplazo RenalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify the first symptoms and signs of patients with suspected infection or sepsis and their association with the composite outcome of admission to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) or mortality. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study between June 2019 and March 2020. SETTING: Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación, Colombia. PATIENTS: Over 18 years of age with suspicion or confirmation of sepsis, which required hospitalization. INTERVENTIONS: None. MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Symptoms and signs associated with infection, with their time of evolution, specified in the study. RESULTS: From 1005 eligible patients, 261 were included. After multivariable adjustment with a logistic regression model, the main factors for ICU admission or mortality were heart rate (OR 1.04 with 95% CI 1.04-3.7), respiratory rate (OR 1.19 with 95% CI 1.0-1.4) and capillary refill time (OR 3.4 with 95% CI 1.9-6.1). CONCLUSIONS: Heart rate, respiratory rate, and capillary refill may behave as early predictors of ICU admission and mortality in cases of sepsis.
Asunto(s)
Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Sepsis , Humanos , Sepsis/mortalidad , Colombia/epidemiología , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Anciano , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Frecuencia Respiratoria , Infecciones/complicaciones , AdultoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the death risk factors of patients included in the sepsis protocol bundle, using clinical data from qSOFA, SIRS, and comorbidities, as well as development of a mortality risk score. DESIGN: This retrospective cohort study was conducted between 2016 and 2021. SETTING: Two university hospitals in Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: Patients with sepsis. INTERVENTIONS: Several clinical and laboratory data were collected focused on SIRS, qSOFA, and comorbidities. MAIN VARIABLE OF INTEREST: In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome variable. A mortality risk score was developed after logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1,808 patients were included with a death rate of 36%. Ten variables remained independent factors related to death in multivariate analysis: temperature ≥38⯰C (odds ratio [OR]â¯=â¯0.65), previous sepsis (ORâ¯=â¯1.42), qSOFAâ¯≥â¯2 (ORâ¯=â¯1.43), leukocytes >12,000 or <4,000â¯cells/mm3 (ORâ¯=â¯1.61), encephalic vascular accident (ORâ¯=â¯1.88), age >60 years (ORâ¯=â¯1.93), cancer (ORâ¯=â¯2.2), length of hospital stay before sepsis >7 days (ORâ¯=â¯2.22,), dialysis (ORâ¯=â¯2.51), and cirrhosis (ORâ¯=â¯3.97). Considering the equation of the binary regression logistic analysis, the score presented an area under curve of 0.668, is not a potential model for death prediction. CONCLUSIONS: Several risk factors are independently associated with mortality, allowing the development of a prediction score based on qSOFA, SIRS, and comorbidities data, however, the performance of this score is low.
Asunto(s)
Comorbilidad , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Puntuaciones en la Disfunción de Órganos , Sepsis , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Medición de Riesgo/métodos , Factores de Riesgo , Sepsis/mortalidad , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/mortalidad , Síndrome de Respuesta Inflamatoria Sistémica/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Introducción: La sepsis es una respuesta inflamatoria del cuerpo a una infección. En la actualidad continúa como una causa importante de morbimortalidad en todo el mundo. La administración temprana de líquidos es una estrategia fundamental en el manejo de la sepsis. Sin embargo, la cantidad y el tipo de líquidos administrados en pacientes con sepsis es aún objeto de debate. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de ensayos clínicos aleatorios para una comprensión más profunda de la efectividad de la restricción de líquidos en pacientes con sepsis. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en diferentes bases de datos para realizar una evaluación crítica acerca de los artículos incluidos, se utilizaron las herramientas de evaluación de riesgo de sesgo cochrane y análisis de datos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 13 ensayos clínicos aleatorios controlados que compararon la restricción de líquidos versus la administración de líquidos en pacientes adultos con sepsis. Conclusiones: Se encontró que la restricción de líquidos se asoció con una reducción en la mortalidad y un menor número de días de soporte respiratorio y cardiovascular en pacientes con sepsis. Sin embargo, algunos estudios no encontraron diferencias significativas en la mortalidad entre la restricción de líquidos y la administración de líquidos(AU)
Introduction: Sepsis is an inflammatory response of the body to an infection. Currently it continues as a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early fluid administration is a fundamental strategy in the management of sepsis. However, the amount and type of fluids administered in patients with sepsis is still a matter of debate. Objective: To evaluate the results of randomized clinical trials for a deeper understanding of the effectiveness of fluid restriction in patients with sepsis. Methods: A systematic search was carried out in different databases to carry out a critical evaluation of the included articles, the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tools and data analysis were used. Results: Thirteen randomized controlled trials were included, which compared fluid restriction versus fluid administration in adult patients with sepsis. Conclusions: We found that fluid restriction was associated with a reduction in mortality and a lower number of days of respiratory and cardiovascular support in patients with sepsis. However, some studies found no significant difference in mortality between fluid restriction and fluid administration(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Sepsis/mortalidad , Caudal de Agua , EcuadorRESUMEN
La sepsis representa en la actualidad un problema emergente en salud. Los consensos alcanzados sobre las definiciones de sepsis y sus complicaciones asociadas han permitido establecer con mayor precisión la magnitud del problema. A pesar de la instauración de protocolos uniformes de actuación, la sepsis continúa siendo la primera causa de muerte en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP) y la cuarta causa de defunción en los hospitalizados no coronarios.1 La sepsis severa fue definida en The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis an Septic Shock como el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica asociada a infección que cursa con disfunción aguda de un órgano, hipoperfusión o hipotensión, considerada como un proceso continuo.2 Se han realizado diversos estudios donde la mortalidad anual atribuible a sepsis grave es de 135 000 casos en Europa, y es superior en Estados Unidos con 200 000 casos, superada discretamente por las muertes por infarto agudo de miocardio. Estados Unidos ocupa el lugar número 11 como causa aislada de fallecimiento, se estima que más de 500 pacientes mueren diariamente a consecuencia de esta enfermedad, hecho que se transforma en un significativo desafío para la salud pública.3 Por lo que significa lo anteriormente expuesto, en reuniones de consensos, los laboratorios se han visto retados y han facilitado el diagnóstico con herramientas útiles. Marcadores biológicos de infección El retraso en la instauración de un tratamiento adecuado de las infecciones y de la sepsis se asocia a una mayor mortalidad, por lo que es crucial establecer un diagnóstico precoz en este contexto. Los análisis microbiológicos que confirman o no la presencia de infección suelen tardar, en ese sentido se han buscado marcadores biológicos que puedan servir como indicadores fiables de la infección grave y la sepsis. Dada la complejidad creciente de la fisiopatología de la sepsis a medida que avanza en su conocimiento, es probable que el éxito llegue, no a través de un único marcador, sino a través de la combinación de varios de ellos que tengan en cuenta distintos aspectos de la respuesta del huésped. La combinación de varios marcadores puede ayudar a vencer las limitaciones en sensibilidad y especificidad de un solo biomarcador. Características de un marcador ideal Precisión Sensibilidad alta: pacientes que presentan respuesta inflamatoria mínima o ausente. Especificidad: lograr discriminar la infección de otros padecimientos que causan el síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica (SRIS). Valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo (VPN). Diagnóstico certero con reactantes de fase aguda La proteína C reactiva (PCR) de alta sensibilidad es un marcador precoz de infección e inflamación con una vida media plasmática de 19 h. Su concentración plasmática en adulto sano es de 0,08 mg/dL. Su biocinética se hace útil como marcador de respuesta terapéutica y diagnóstica de infecciones intercurrentes. Las determinaciones seriadas de estas es un buen indicador de la actividad inflamatoria. Sus grandes elevaciones se deben a infecciones bacterianas. Las determinaciones seriadas diarias de PCR pueden ser útiles para el diagnóstico precoz en las infecciones nosocomiales es de ≥ 5 mg/dL o ≥ 25 % del valor previo. La procalcitonina es una hormona producida por células parenquimatosas, proteína de la familia CAPA precursora de la calcitonina. En condiciones normales las concentraciones en sangre son muy bajas, menor de 0,09 ng/mL. Tienen una vida media de 22-35 h. No se conocen valores umbrales, diagnósticos y pronósticos, pero los valores mayores de 2 ng/mL suelen indicar la presencia de sepsis. Los valores mayores de 10 ng/mL suelen asociarse a sepsis grave y shock séptico. Los niveles de procalcitonina (PCT) son superiores a la PCR en el diagnóstico de sepsis por lo que debería ser incluida en las guías diagnósticas de sepsis. Podemos decir además, que la interleucina 6 (IL-6), fue descrita inicialmente como interferón beta-2, como factor de crecimiento de plasmocitoma o factor estimulante de hepatocitos.4 Es generada por un único gen que codifica un producto de 212 aminoácidos y es la citoquina que más consistentemente se ha asociado con la mortalidad por sepsis, por su acción proinflamatoria es uno de los principales inductores de la síntesis de la PCR en el hígado, por lo que muestra picos séricos más precoces que esta.5 Las determinaciones secuenciales de estas en el suero plasma en pacientes internados en la unidad de cuidados intensivos han demostrado ser útiles para evaluar la severidad del síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Sepsis/complicaciones , Sepsis/diagnóstico , Sepsis/mortalidadRESUMEN
Background: Sepsis currently represents a challenge for health systems, this fact may be related to the spread of bacterial resistance, the increase in the population of elderly, immunosuppressed individuals, and the improvement of emergency care, favoring the survival of critically ill patients. This article aimed to evaluate the accuracy of mortality indicators due to sepsis in 2018. Method: Validation study of death certificates that occurred in the Federal District in 2018. Declarations whose basic causes of death identified were classified as garbage codes were identified, which were investigated by a multidisciplinary team, capable of reclassifying them with codes that allow for the improvement of health data. In order to assess accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios of death certificates from sepsis were calculated, with 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 6.244 statements were evaluated, of which 233 (3.74%) presented sepsis as the underlying cause before being investigated and only 35 (0.56%) maintained it after the investigation. The filling of statements with sepsis as the underlying cause by physicians showed a sensitivity of 0.9% (95%CI: 0.6 to 1.3) and a specificity of 92.0% (95%CI: 90.9 to 93.1). Conclusion: The low accuracy of the declarations demonstrates the non-reliability of the underlying cause of death from sepsis, especially the completion of death certificates that occurred in the Federal District in 2018.(AU)
Justificativa: A sepse, atualmente, representa um desafio para os sistemas de saúde, tal fato pode estar relacionado com a disseminação da resistência bacteriana, o aumento da população de idosos, os indivíduos imunossuprimidos, e a melhoria do atendimento de emergência, favorecendo a sobrevivência de pacientes críticos. Este artigo teve por objetivo avaliar a acurácia dos indicadores de mortalidade devido à sepse em 2018. Método: Estudo de validação da causa básica dos óbitos ocorridos no Distrito Federal em 2018. Foram identificadas as declarações de óbito cujas causas básicas de morte apontadas foram classificadas como garbage code sepse, as quais foram investigadas por uma equipe multidisciplinar, capacitada para reclassificá-las com códigos que permitem o aprimoramento dos dados em saúde. A fim de avaliar a acurácia, foram calculados os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo, razões de verossimilhança positiva e negativa das declarações dos óbitos por sepse, com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Um total de 6.244 declarações foram avaliadas, das quais 233 (3,74%) apresentavam a sepse como causa básica antes de serem investigadas e apenas 35 (0,56%) mantiveram-na após a investigação. O preenchimento das declarações com a sepse enquanto causa básica pelos médicos apresentou sensibilidade de 0,9% (IC95%: 0,6 a 1,3) e especificidade de 92,0% (IC95%: 90,9 a 93,1). Conclusão: A baixa acurácia das declarações demonstra a não fidedignidade da causa básica de óbito por sepse, sobretudo, do preenchimento das declarações dos óbitos ocorridos no Distrito Federal em 2018.(AU)
Justificación: Sepsis representa en la actualidad un desafío para los sistemas de salud, este hecho puede estar relacionado con propagación de resistencias bacterianas, aumento de la población de ancianos, inmunodeprimidos, y mejora de la atención de urgencias, favoreciendo la supervivencia de los pacientes críticos. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la precisión de los indicadores de mortalidad por sepsis en 2018. Método: Estudio de validación de causa básica de muertes ocurridas en Distrito Federal en 2018. Se identificaron actas de defunción cuyas causas básicas de muerte fueron clasificadas como sepsis código basura y fueron investigadas por un equipo multidisciplinario capacitado para reclasificarlas con códigos que permitan la mejora de datos de salud. Para evaluar la precisión, se calcularon sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos positivo y negativo y razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa de certificados de defunción por sepsis, con intervalos de confianza del 95%. Resultados: se evaluaron 6.244 declaraciones, de las cuales 233 (3,74%) tenían como causa básica la sepsis antes de ser investigadas y solo 35 (0,56%) mantuvieron después de investigación. Realización de declaraciones con sepsis como causa subyacente por parte de los médicos mostró sensibilidad del 0,9% (95%IC: 0,6 a 1,3) y especificidad del 92,0% (95%IC: 90,9 a 93,1). Conclusión: Baja precisión de las declaraciones demuestra la poca confiabilidad de la causa subyacente de muerte por sepsis, especialmente la finalización de los certificados de defunción ocurridos en Distrito Federal en 2018.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Indicadores de Morbimortalidad , Sepsis/mortalidad , Exactitud de los Datos , Causas de MuerteRESUMEN
Objetivo: Avaliar o perfil e o desfecho clínico de pacientes com sepse e choque séptico em um hospital de trauma de Belo Horizonte. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, retrospectivo e descritivo dos casos de sepse e choque séptico. Resultados: Constatou-se que 97 (73%) pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com idade entre 19 e 59 anos, 87 (65%) previamente hígidos. Principal motivo de internação foi queda da própria altura com 23 (17%) casos e 37 (28%) diagnósticos de trauma crânio encefálico. Oitenta e seis (65%) pacientes tiveram diagnóstico de sepse e 47 (35%) choque séptico, o principal foco de infecção foi pulmonar 83 (62%). Obtivemos 88 (66%) resultados de hemoculturas negativas e 45 (34%) positivas, 64 (48%) pacientes receberam antibiótico em até 60 minutos após o diagnóstico e o tempo de internação mais prevalente após o evento séptico foi de 7 dias, representado por 31 (46%) pacientes que já estavam internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Mortalidade de 37 (28%) e 96 (72%) sobreviventes da população estudada. Conclusão: O evento séptico é um problema de saúde pública e tem alta letalidade em pacientes traumatizados. (AU)
Objective: To evaluate the profile and clinical outcome of patients with sepsis and septic shock in a trauma hospital in Belo Horizonte. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study of cases of sepsis and septic shock. Results: It was found that 97 (73%) patients were male, aged 19 to 59 years, 87 (65%) were previously healthy. Main reason for hospitalization was a fall from one's own height with 23 (17%) cases and 37 (28%) diagnosis of traumatic brain injury. Eighty-six (65%) patients were diagnosed with sepsis and 47 (35%) septic shock, the main focus of infection was pulmonary 83 (62%). We got 88 (66%) negative blood culture results and 45 (34%) positive, 64 (48%) patients received antibiotics within 60 minutes after diagnosis and the most prevalent hospital stay after septic event was 7 days, represented by 31 (46%) patients who were already hospitalized in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Mortality of 37 (28%) and 96 (72%) survivors of the population studied. Conclusion: Septic event is a public health problem and has high lethality in traumatized patients. (AU)
Objetivo: Evaluar el perfil y el resultado clínico de los pacientes con sepsis y shock séptico en un hospital de trauma en Belo Horizonte. Métodos: Este es un estudio transversal, retrospectivo y descriptivo de casos de sepsis y shock séptico. Resultados: Se encontró que 97 (73%) pacientes eran hombres, de 19 a 59 años, 87 (65%) antes estaban sanos. La razón principal de la hospitalización fue una caída desde la propia altura con 23 (17%) casos y 37 (28%) diagnóstico de lesión cerebral traumática. Ochenta y seis (65%) pacientes fueron diagnosticados con sepsis y 47 (35%) shock séptico, el foco principal de infección fue pulmonar 83 (62%). Tenemos 88 (66%) resultados negativos del cultivo sanguíneo y 45 (34%) positivo, 64 (48%) los pacientes recibieron antibióticos dentro de los 60 minutos posteriores al diagnóstico y la estancia hospitalaria más frecuente después del evento séptico fue de 7 días, representados por 31 (46%) pacientes que ya estaban hospitalizados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). Mortalidad de 37 (28%) y 96 (72%) sobrevivientes de la población estudiada. Conclusión: El evento séptico es un problema de salud pública y tiene alta letalidad en pacientes traumatizados. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto Joven , Choque Séptico , Sepsis , Choque Séptico/diagnóstico , Choque Séptico/etiología , Choque Séptico/mortalidad , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Sepsis/diagnóstico , Sepsis/etiología , Sepsis/mortalidad , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Tiempo de Internación/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Background and objectives: Bloodstream infection (BSI) by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a severe infection. This study aimed to evaluate and identify the predictors of mortality in patients who had bloodstream infection by carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study, approved by Committee of Ethics in Research with Human Participants, which included 87 consecutive patients hospitalized in a referral hospital in Brazil. Clinical and demographic information about each patient were obtained from hospital records. The Student's T-test was used to compare continuous variables and x2 or Fisher's exact tests to compare categorical variables. To determine independent risk factors for 30-day mortality, a multiple logistic regression model was used. A survival curve was constructed using the KaplanMeier method. Results: Among the patients, 87.3% use antibiotics previously, 60.9% received inadequate empirical treatment, and the 30-day mortality rate was 57.5%. Inappropriate antibiotic empirical therapy was independently associated with a 30-days death and mortality rate. Conclusion: These findings can show some insights about the relationship between higher mortality and inappropriate empirical therapy for patients with BSI by P. aeruginosa. There is a need for better diagnostic tests and infection control programs should focus on de-escalation the antibiotic inappropriate therapy, mainly in BSI caused by carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa.(AU)
Justificativa e objetivos: Infecção da corrente sanguínea (ICS) por Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistente é grave. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar e identificar os preditores de mortalidade em pacientes admitidos em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva que apresentaram infecção da corrente sanguínea por P. aeruginosa resistente aos carbapenêmicos. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos, que incluiu 87 pacientes consecutivos internados em um hospital de referência no Brasil. As informações clínicas e demográficas de cada paciente foram obtidas através de análise dos prontuários dos pacientes. O teste T de Student foi usado para comparar variáveis contínuas e o teste x2 ou exato de Fisher para comparar variáveis categóricas. Para determinar fatores de risco independentes para mortalidade em 30 dias, foi utilizado um modelo de regressão logística múltipla. Uma curva de sobrevida foi construída pelo método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Do total de pacientes, 87,3% faziam uso prévio de antibióticos, 60,9% receberam tratamento empírico inadequado e a mortalidade em 30 dias foi de 57,5%. A terapia empírica inadequada foi fator de risco independente para mortalidade. Conclusão: Esses achados revelam alguns insights sobre a relação entre maior mortalidade e terapia empírica inadequada para pacientes com ICS por P. aeruginosa. Além disso, destacam a necessidade de melhores testes diagnósticos e os programas de controle de infecção devem se concentrar na redução da terapia inadequada com antibióticos, principalmente na ICS causada por P. aeruginosa resistente a carbapenêmicos.(AU)
Justificación y objetivos: La infección del torrente sanguíneo por Pseudomonas aeruginosa multirresistente es grave. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar e identificar predictores de mortalidad en pacientes ingresados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos que presentaban infección del torrente sanguíneo por P. aeruginosa resistente a carbapenémicos. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación con Participantes Humanos, que incluyó 87 pacientes consecutivos ingresados en un hospital de referencia en Brasil. La información clínica y demográfica de cada paciente se obtuvo mediante el análisis de las historias clínicas de los pacientes. Se utilizó la prueba t de Student para comparar variables continuas y x2 o prueba exacta de Fisher para comparar variables categóricas. Para determinar los factores de riesgo independientes para la mortalidad a los 30 días, se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística múltiple. Se construyó una curva de supervivencia utilizando el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: Del total de pacientes, el 87,3% utilizaba antibióticos previamente, el 60,9% recibió tratamiento empírico inadecuado y la tasa de mortalidad a los 30 días fue del 57,5%. La terapia empírica inadecuada fue un factor de riesgo independiente de mortalidad. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos revelan algunos conocimientos sobre la relación entre el aumento de la mortalidad y la terapia empírica inadecuada para los pacientes con infección del torrente sanguíneo por P. aeruginosa. Además, destacan la necesidad de mejores pruebas de diagnóstico y los programas de control de infecciones deben centrarse en reducir la terapia con antibióticos inapropiados, particularmente en infección del torrente sanguíneo causados por P. aeruginosa resistente a carbapenémicos.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Pseudomonas , Carbapenémicos , Sepsis/mortalidad , Infecciones/tratamiento farmacológicoAsunto(s)
Sepsis , Choque Séptico , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Humanos , Sepsis/mortalidad , Choque Séptico/mortalidadRESUMEN
Bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) has high mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. We performed MIC, checkerboard, time-kill assay, PFGE, PCR, and whole genome sequence and described the clinical outcome through Epi Info comparing the antimicrobial combination in vitro. Mortality was higher in BSI caused by CRPA carrying the lasB virulence gene. The isolates were 97% resistant to meropenem displaying synergistic effect to 57% in combination with colistin. Seventy-three percent of the isolates harbored blaSPM-1 and Tn4371 and belonged to ST277. The synergistic effect in vitro with meropenem with colistin appeared to be a better therapeutic option.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Trasplante de Células Madre Hematopoyéticas , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/tratamiento farmacológico , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Brasil , Enterobacteriaceae Resistentes a los Carbapenémicos , Carbapenémicos , Colistina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Meropenem/uso terapéutico , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infecciones por Pseudomonas/microbiología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Sepsis/mortalidad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
To evaluate the association of body temperature with mortality in septic patients admitted to the ICU from the ward. In addition, we intend to investigate whether the timing of antibiotic administration was different between febrile and afebrile patients and whether this difference contributed to mortality. This is a retrospective cohort study that included sepsis patients admitted to the ICU from the ward between July 2017 and July 2019. Antibiotic administration was defined as the initiation of antimicrobial treatment or the expansion of the antimicrobial spectrum within 48 h prior to admission to the ICU. Regarding vital signs, the most altered vital sign in the 48 h prior to admission to the ICU was considered. Two hundred and eight patients were included in the final analysis. Antibiotic administration occurred earlier in patients with fever than in patients without fever. Antibiotic administration occurred before admission to the ICU in 27 (90.0%) patients with fever and in 101 (64.7%) patients without fever (p = 0.006). The mortality rate in the ICU was 88 in 176 (50.0%; 95% CI 42.5-57.5%) patients without fever and 7 in 32 (21.9%; 95% CI 6.7-37.0%) patients with fever (p = 0.004). In the multivariate analysis, absence of fever significantly increased the risk of ICU mortality (OR 3.462; 95% CI 1.293-9.272). We found an inverse association between body temperature and mortality in patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU from the ward. Although antibiotic administration was earlier in patients with fever and precocity was associated with reduced mortality, the time of antibiotic administration did not fully explain the lower mortality in these patients.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Fiebre , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , Sepsis , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Fiebre/tratamiento farmacológico , Fiebre/mortalidad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sepsis/tratamiento farmacológico , Sepsis/mortalidad , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
Background and Objectives: the Human Development Index is among the determinants associated with access to health services and sepsis assistance. This study aimed to describe the frequency of mortality from sepsis in Brazilian capitals and verify its correlation with the Human Development Index (HDI), in three-year periods that represented from the early 90's to 2016. Methods: a time series ecological epidemiology study, with consultation in secondary database involving Brazilian capital variables, population, deaths from sepsis and HDI. Correlation was assessed with Pearson's/Spearman's correlation coefficient. Results: the three highest mean coefficients of mortality from sepsis were observed in Rio Branco (9082.50), Manaus (6367.25) and Macapá (6085.25). A significant correlation was found between the mean mortality rate and the mean HDI in Aracaju (-0,999; p=0.001), Brasília (-0,991; p=0.009), Campo Grande (-0,977; p=0.023), Cuiabá (-0.983; p=0.017), Florianópolis (0.999; p=0.001), Goiânia (-0.997; p=0.003), Maceió (-0.987; p=0.013), Natal (-0.962; p=0.038), Palmas (-0.982; p=0.018) and Vitória (-0.998; p=0.002). Conclusion: there is a general correlation between the mean mortality coefficients and HDI. As HDI increases, there is a decrease in mortality from sepsis.(AU)
Justificativa e Objetivos: o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano está entre os determinantes associados ao acesso aos serviços de saúde e assistência à sepse. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a frequência de mortalidade por sepse nas capitais brasileiras e verificar sua correlação com o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano (IDH), em triênios que representaram do início da década de 90 a 2016. Métodos: estudo epidemiológico ecológico de série temporal, com consulta em banco de dados secundário envolvendo variáveis da capital brasileira, população, óbitos por sepse e IDH. A correlação foi avaliada com o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson/Spearman. Resultados: os três maiores coeficientes médios de mortalidade por sepse foram observados em Rio Branco (9.082,50), Manaus (6.367,25) e Macapá (6.085,25). Foi encontrada correlação significativa entre a taxa média de mortalidade e o IDH médio em Aracaju (-0,999; p=0,001), Brasília (-0,991; p=0,009), Campo Grande (-0,977; p=0,023), Cuiabá (-0,983 ; p=0,017), Florianópolis (0,999; p=0,001), Goiânia (-0,997; p=0,003), Maceió (-0,987; p=0,013), Natal (-0,962; p=0,038), Palmas (-0,982; p=0,018) e Vitória (-0,998; p=0,002). Conclusão: existe uma correlação geral entre os coeficientes médios de mortalidade e o IDH. À medida que o IDH aumenta, há uma diminuição na mortalidade por sepse.(AU)
Justificación y Objetivos: el Índice de Desarrollo Humano se encuentra entre los determinantes asociados al acceso a los servicios de salud y asistencia a la sepsis. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la frecuencia de mortalidad por sepsis en las capitales brasileñas y verificar su correlación con el Índice de Desarrollo Humano (IDH), en períodos de tres años que representaron desde principios de la década de 1990 hasta 2016. Métodos: estudio de epidemiología ecológica de serie temporal, con consulta en base de datos secundaria involucrando variables de la capital brasileña, población, muertes por sepsis e IDH. La correlación se evaluó con el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson/Spearman. Resultados: los tres mayores coeficientes medios de mortalidad por sepsis se observaron en Rio Branco (9082,50), Manaus (6367,25) y Macapá (6085,25). Se encontró una correlación significativa entre la tasa de mortalidad media y el IDH medio en Aracaju (-0,999; p=0,001), Brasilia (-0,991; p=0,009), Campo Grande (-0,977; p=0,023), Cuiabá (-0,983 ; p=0,017), Florianópolis (0,999; p=0,001), Goiânia (-0,997; p=0,003), Maceió (-0,987; p=0,013), Natal (-0,962; p=0,038), Palmas (-0,982; p=0,018) y Victoria (-0,998; p=0,002). Conclusión: existe una correlación general entre los coeficientes medios de mortalidad y el IDH. A medida que aumenta el IDH, disminuye la mortalidad por sepsis.(AU)