RESUMEN
As the advanced practice RN (APRN) workforce rapidly expands, nursing leaders are grappling with the challenge of establishing equitable and competitive compensation models. This column explores the lessons learned by 2 pioneering APRN leaders who navigated these workforce and compensation challenges within their own healthcare organizations. By sharing their experiences building sustainable APRN infrastructure and addressing pay discrepancies, the authors provide valuable insights and strategies that can help other nursing leaders transform their APRN compensation approaches and ensure their advanced clinicians are appropriately valued and rewarded.
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Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada , Salarios y Beneficios , Humanos , Salarios y Beneficios/tendencias , Enfermería de Práctica Avanzada/economía , Estados Unidos , Enfermeras Administradoras , LiderazgoAsunto(s)
Educación de Postgrado , Investigadores , Salarios y Beneficios , Canadá , Educación de Postgrado/economía , Investigadores/economía , Investigadores/educación , Salarios y Beneficios/legislación & jurisprudencia , Salarios y Beneficios/estadística & datos numéricos , Salarios y Beneficios/tendenciasRESUMEN
Although collaboration between healthcare professionals is essential for the delivery of effective, efficient, and high-quality care, it remains an ongoing and critical challenge across health systems. As a result, many countries are experimenting with innovative payment and employment models. The literature tends to focus on improving collaboration across organizational and sectoral boundaries, and largely ignores potential barriers to collaborative work between members of the same profession within a single organization. Despite intergroup dynamics and professional boundaries having been shown to restrict patient flow and collaboration between specialties, studies have so far tended to overlook the potential effects of differentiated organizational and payment models on physicians' behaviors and intergroup dynamics. In the present study, we seek to unpack the influence of physicians' payment and employment models on their collaborative behaviors and on intergroup dynamics between specialties, adding to the current scholarship on physician payment and employment by considering how physicians' view and act in response to different structural arrangements. The findings suggest that adopting hybrid models, in which physicians are employed or paid differently within the same organization or practice, creates a bifurcation of the profession whereby physicians across different models are perceived to behave differently and have conflicting professional values. These models are perceived to inhibit collaboration between physicians and complicate hospital governance, restricting the ability to move towards new models of care delivery. These findings can be used as a basis for future work that aims to unpack the reality of physician payment and offer important insights for policies surrounding physician employment.
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Médicos , Humanos , Médicos/economía , Conducta Cooperativa , Masculino , Femenino , Empleo , Salarios y Beneficios/estadística & datos numéricos , Salarios y Beneficios/tendencias , Dinámica de GrupoAsunto(s)
Atletas , Médicos , Salarios y Beneficios , Humanos , Médicos/economía , Salarios y Beneficios/tendencias , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Recent research has indicated an association between both poverty and income inequality and firearm homicides. Increased minimum wages may serve as a strategy for reducing firearm violence by increasing economic security among workers earning low wages and reducing the number of families living in poverty. This study aimed to examine the association between state minimum wage and firearm homicides in the U.S. between 2000 and 2020. METHODS: State minimum wage, obtained from Temple's Law Atlas and augmented by legal research, was conceptualized using the Kaitz Index. State-level homicide counts were obtained from 2000 to 2020 multiple-cause-of death mortality data from the National Vital Statistics System. Log-linear regressions were conducted to model the associations between state minimum wage and firearm homicides, stratifying by demographic groups. Analyses were conducted in 2023. RESULTS: A 1% point increase in a state's Kaitz Index was associated with a 1.3% (95% CI: -2.1% to -0.5%) decrease in a state's firearm homicide rate. When interacted with quartile of firearm ownership, the Kaitz Index was associated with decreases in firearm homicide in all except the lowest quartile. These findings were largely consistent across stratifications. CONCLUSIONS: Changing a state's minimum wage, whereby a full-time minimum wage worker's salary is closer to a state's median income, may be an option for reducing firearm homicides.
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Armas de Fuego , Homicidio , Salarios y Beneficios , Humanos , Homicidio/estadística & datos numéricos , Homicidio/tendencias , Armas de Fuego/estadística & datos numéricos , Armas de Fuego/legislación & jurisprudencia , Armas de Fuego/economía , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Salarios y Beneficios/estadística & datos numéricos , Salarios y Beneficios/tendencias , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Renta/estadística & datos numéricosAsunto(s)
Economía de la Enfermería/organización & administración , Fuerza Laboral en Salud/organización & administración , Enfermería/organización & administración , Economía de la Enfermería/tendencias , Fuerza Laboral en Salud/economía , Fuerza Laboral en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Fuerza Laboral en Salud/tendencias , Humanos , Enfermería/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermería/tendencias , Selección de Personal/economía , Selección de Personal/organización & administración , Selección de Personal/estadística & datos numéricos , Selección de Personal/tendencias , Salarios y Beneficios/estadística & datos numéricos , Salarios y Beneficios/tendencias , Reino UnidoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify changes in current practice patterns, salaries, and satisfaction by gender and by years in practice among board-certified reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) subspecialists in the United States. DESIGN: Cross-sectional web-based survey including 37 questions conducted by the Society for Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility. SETTING: Not applicable. PATIENT(S): None. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The primary outcome measures were total compensation and practice patterns compared by gender and the type of practice. The secondary outcomes included demographics, the number of in vitro fertilization cycles, surgeries performed, and the morale of survey respondents. RESULT(S): There were 370 respondents (48.4% women and 51.4% men). Compared with a similar survey conducted 6 years earlier, a 27% increase in the number of female respondents was observed in this survey. There was a marginally significant trend toward lower compensation for female than male REI subspecialists (17% lower, $472,807 vs. $571,969). The gap was seen for responders with ≥10 years' experience, which is also when there was the largest gap between private and academic practice (mean $820,997 vs, $391,600). Most (77%) felt positively about the current state of the reproductive endocrinology field, and >90% would choose the subspecialty again. CONCLUSION(S): There has been a substantial increase in the number of recent female REI subspecialists showing less disparity in compensation, and the gap appears to be closing. There is an increasing gap in compensation between private and academic practices with ≥5 years of experience. Reproductive endocrinology and infertility remains a high morale specialty.
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Endocrinólogos/tendencias , Endocrinología/tendencias , Equidad de Género/tendencias , Infertilidad/terapia , Médicos Mujeres/tendencias , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/tendencias , Medicina Reproductiva/tendencias , Sexismo/tendencias , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Selección de Profesión , Estudios Transversales , Endocrinólogos/economía , Endocrinología/economía , Femenino , Equidad de Género/economía , Humanos , Infertilidad/diagnóstico , Infertilidad/fisiopatología , Satisfacción en el Trabajo , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Médicos Mujeres/economía , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/economía , Medicina Reproductiva/economía , Salarios y Beneficios/tendencias , Sexismo/economía , Especialización/tendencias , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estados Unidos , Mujeres TrabajadorasRESUMEN
We apply a shift-share approach and historical unionisation data from 1918 to study the impact of regional unionisation changes in Norway on regional wage and productivity growth, job-creation and -destruction and social security uptake during the period 2003-2012. As unionisation increases, wages grow. Lay-offs through plant closures and shrinking workplaces increase, causing higher retirement rates, while job creation, plant entry and other social security uptakes are unaffected. Productivity grows, partly by enhanced productivity among surviving and new firms and partly by less productive firms forced to close due to increased labour costs. Thus, unions promote creative destruction.
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Sindicatos/economía , Sindicatos/tendencias , Lugar de Trabajo/economía , Eficiencia , Historia del Siglo XX , Historia del Siglo XXI , Humanos , Renta/tendencias , Sindicatos/historia , Noruega , Salarios y Beneficios/economía , Salarios y Beneficios/tendenciasRESUMEN
Importance: Women cardiologists receive lower salaries than men; however, it is unknown whether US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) reimbursement also differs by gender and contributes to the lower salaries. Objective: To determine whether gender differences exist in the reimbursements, charges, and reimbursement per charge from CMS. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional analysis used the CMS database to obtain 2016 reimbursement data for US cardiologists. These included reimbursements to cardiologists, charges submitted, and unique billing codes. Gender differences in reimbursement for evaluation and management and procedural charges from both inpatient and outpatient settings were also assessed. Analysis took place between April 2019 and December 2020. Main Outcomes and Measures: Outcomes included median CMS payments received and median charges submitted in the inpatient and outpatient settings in 2016. Results: In 2016, 17â¯524 cardiologists (2312 women [13%] and 15â¯212 men [87%]) received CMS payments in the inpatient setting, and 16â¯929 cardiologists (2151 women [13%] and 14â¯778 men [87%]) received CMS payments in the outpatient setting. Men received higher median payments in the inpatient (median [interquartile range], $62â¯897 [$30â¯904-$104â¯267] vs $45â¯288 [$21â¯371-$73â¯191]; P < .001) and outpatient (median [interquartile range], $91â¯053 [$34â¯820-$196â¯165] vs $51â¯975 [$15â¯622-$120â¯175]; P < .001) practice settings. Men submitted more median charges in the inpatient (median [interquartile range], 1190 [569-2093] charges vs 959 [569-2093] charges; P < .001) and outpatient settings (median [interquartile range], 1685 [644-3328] charges vs 870 [273-1988] charges; P < .001). In a multivariable-adjusted linear regression analysis, women received less CMS payments compared with men (log-scale ß = -0.06; 95% CI, -0.11 to -0.02) after adjustment for number of charges, number of unique billing codes, complexity of patient panel, years since graduation of physicians, and physician subspecialty. Payment by billing codes, both inpatient and outpatient, did not differ by gender. Conclusions and Relevance: There may be potential differences in CMS payments between men and women cardiologists, which appear to stem from gender differences in the number and types of charges submitted. The mechanisms behind these differences merit further research, both to understand why such gender differences exist and also to facilitate reductions in pay disparities.
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Cardiólogos/economía , Medicare/economía , Mecanismo de Reembolso/economía , Salarios y Beneficios/tendencias , Estudios Transversales , Bases de Datos Factuales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores Sexuales , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Using an own survey on wage expectations among students at two Swiss institutions of higher education, we examine the wage expectations of our respondents along two main lines. First, we investigate the rationality of wage expectations by comparing average expected wages from our sample with those of similar graduates; further, we examine how our respondents revise their expectations when provided information about actual wages. Second, using causal mediation analysis, we test whether the consideration of a rich set of personal and professional controls, inclusive of preferences on family formation and number of children in addition to professional preferences, accounts for the difference in wage expectations across genders. Results suggest that both males and females overestimate their wages compared to actual ones and that males respond in an overconfident manner to information about realized wages. Personal mediators alone cannot explain the indirect effect of gender on wage expectations; however, when combined with professional mediators, this results in a quantitatively large reduction in the unexplained effect of gender on wage expectations. Nonetheless, a non-negligible and statistically significant direct (or unexplained) effect of gender on wage expectations remains in several, but not all specifications.
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Empleo/normas , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Motivación , Salarios y Beneficios/estadística & datos numéricos , Salarios y Beneficios/tendencias , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Factores Sexuales , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Ethnic and gendered employment gaps are mainly explained by individual characteristics, while less attention is paid to occupational structures. Drawing on administrative data, this article analyses the impact of occupational characteristics on top of individual attributes in the urban labour market of Vienna. Both set of variables can explain observed employment gaps to a large extent, but persistent gaps remain, in particular among females. The article's main finding is that the occupational structure appears to have gendered effects. While men tend to benefit from ethnic segregation, women face difficulties when looking for jobs with high shares of immigrant workers. Looking for jobs in occupations that recruit from relatively few educational backgrounds (credentials) is beneficial for both sexes at the outset unemployment, but among females this competitive advantage diminishes over time. The article concludes by discussing potential strategies to avoid the traps of occupational segregation.
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Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Empleo/tendencias , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Ocupaciones/tendencias , Salarios y Beneficios/tendencias , Adolescente , Adulto , Austria , Ciudades/economía , Escolaridad , Femenino , Humanos , Acontecimientos que Cambian la Vida , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ocupaciones/economía , Ocupaciones/ética , Clase Social , Seguridad Social/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Urbana/tendenciasRESUMEN
The article aims to discuss the care provided by female healthcare workers in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic, based on a sociological analysis by authors who discuss such care as devalued and poorly paid work performed to a large extent by low-income women. The work involves social constructions of emotions and has used the body as a work instrument in care for others. In addition, the increasingly precarious nature of health work in Brazilian society, aggravated in recent decades, with an increase in temporary contracts, loss of labor rights, overload of tasks, and adverse work conditions, among others, adds to the increase in medical and hospital care in the Covid-19 pandemic. In this context, female healthcare workers experience lack of personal protective equipment, fear of coronavirus infection, concerns with their children and other family members, and illness and death of coworkers and themselves. The article highlights the need for government attention and management of healthcare work and professional societies, analyzing the work conditions female healthcare workers are experiencing in confronting the pandemic.
Este texto tem como finalidade discutir o cuidado de trabalhadoras da área da saúde em face da Covid-19, sob a análise sociológica de autoras que o vêm discutindo enquanto um trabalho que é desempenhado, na sua maioria, pelas mulheres das classes populares, é desvalorizado e sofre baixa remuneração. É uma atividade que envolve as construções sociais das emoções e tem utilizado o corpo como um instrumento de trabalho no cuidado com o outro. Além disso, a precarização do trabalho em saúde na sociedade brasileira acirrada nas últimas décadas, como o aumento de contratos temporários, perdas de direitos trabalhistas, a sobrecarga das atividades, condições de trabalho precárias, dentre outros, soma-se com o aumento dos atendimentos médico-hospitalares diante da pandemia da Covid-19. Neste contexto, as trabalhadoras em saúde vivenciam as ausências de equipamentos de proteção individual, medo de contaminação pelo vírus, preocupações com filhos e familiares, vivências diante da morte e do adoecimento de si e de colegas de profissão. Este texto aponta para a necessidade de atenção governamental, bem como para a gestão do trabalho em saúde e dos órgãos de classe profissional, analisando as condições de trabalho que as trabalhadoras em saúde estão vivendo no enfrentamento da pandemia.
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COVID-19/epidemiología , Atención a la Salud , Personal de Salud , Pandemias , Actitud Frente a la Muerte , Brasil/epidemiología , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/transmisión , Atención a la Salud/economía , Atención a la Salud/normas , Atención a la Salud/tendencias , Familia , Miedo , Femenino , Personal de Salud/economía , Personal de Salud/psicología , Humanos , Programas Nacionales de Salud , Equipo de Protección Personal/provisión & distribución , Salarios y Beneficios/tendencias , Factores Sexuales , Factores Sociológicos , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Lugar de Trabajo/normasRESUMEN
Resumo Este texto tem como finalidade discutir o cuidado de trabalhadoras da área da saúde em face da Covid-19, sob a análise sociológica de autoras que o vêm discutindo enquanto um trabalho que é desempenhado, na sua maioria, pelas mulheres das classes populares, é desvalorizado e sofre baixa remuneração. É uma atividade que envolve as construções sociais das emoções e tem utilizado o corpo como um instrumento de trabalho no cuidado com o outro. Além disso, a precarização do trabalho em saúde na sociedade brasileira acirrada nas últimas décadas, como o aumento de contratos temporários, perdas de direitos trabalhistas, a sobrecarga das atividades, condições de trabalho precárias, dentre outros, soma-se com o aumento dos atendimentos médico-hospitalares diante da pandemia da Covid-19. Neste contexto, as trabalhadoras em saúde vivenciam as ausências de equipamentos de proteção individual, medo de contaminação pelo vírus, preocupações com filhos e familiares, vivências diante da morte e do adoecimento de si e de colegas de profissão. Este texto aponta para a necessidade de atenção governamental, bem como para a gestão do trabalho em saúde e dos órgãos de classe profissional, analisando as condições de trabalho que as trabalhadoras em saúde estão vivendo no enfrentamento da pandemia.
Abstract The article aims to discuss the care provided by female healthcare workers in Brazil during the Covid-19 pandemic, based on a sociological analysis by authors who discuss such care as devalued and poorly paid work performed to a large extent by low-income women. The work involves social constructions of emotions and has used the body as a work instrument in care for others. In addition, the increasingly precarious nature of health work in Brazilian society, aggravated in recent decades, with an increase in temporary contracts, loss of labor rights, overload of tasks, and adverse work conditions, among others, adds to the increase in medical and hospital care in the Covid-19 pandemic. In this context, female healthcare workers experience lack of personal protective equipment, fear of coronavirus infection, concerns with their children and other family members, and illness and death of coworkers and themselves. The article highlights the need for government attention and management of healthcare work and professional societies, analyzing the work conditions female healthcare workers are experiencing in confronting the pandemic.
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Humanos , Femenino , Personal de Salud/economía , Personal de Salud/psicología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Atención a la Salud/economía , Atención a la Salud/normas , Atención a la Salud/tendencias , Pandemias , Salarios y Beneficios/tendencias , Brasil/epidemiología , Actitud Frente a la Muerte , Familia , Factores Sexuales , Lugar de Trabajo/normas , Lugar de Trabajo/psicología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/psicología , Infecciones por Coronavirus/transmisión , Miedo , Factores Sociológicos , Equipo de Protección Personal/provisión & distribución , Programas Nacionales de SaludRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Open Payments Database (OPD) started in 2013 to combat financial conflicts of interest between physicians and medical industry. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the first 5 yr of the OPD regarding industry-sponsored research funding (ISRF) in neurosurgery. METHODS: The Open Payments Research Payments dataset was examined from 2014 to 2018 for payments where the clinical primary investigator identified their specialty as neurosurgery. RESULTS: Between 2014 and 2018, a $106.77 million in ISRF was made to 731 neurosurgeons. Fewer than 11% of neurosurgeons received ISRF yearly. The average received $140 000 in total but the median received $30,000. This was because the highest paid neurosurgeon received $3.56 million. A greater proportion ISRF was made to neurosurgeons affiliated with teaching institutions when compared to other specialties (26.74% vs 20.89%, P = .0021). The proportion of the total value of ISRF distributed to neurosurgery declined from 0.43% of payments to all specialties in 2014 to 0.37% in 2018 (P < .001), but no steady decline was observed from year to year. CONCLUSION: ISRF to neurosurgeons comprises a small percentage of research payments made to medical research by industry sponsors. Although a greater percentage of payments are made to neurosurgeons in teaching institutions compared to other specialties, the majority is given to neurosurgeons not affiliated with a teaching institution. A significant percentage of ISRF is given to a small percentage of neurosurgeons. There may be opportunities for more neurosurgeons to engage in industry-sponsored research to advance our field as long as full and complete disclosures can always be made.
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Investigación Biomédica/economía , Bases de Datos Factuales , Industria Farmacéutica/economía , Neurocirujanos/economía , Neurocirugia/economía , Investigación Biomédica/tendencias , Bases de Datos Factuales/tendencias , Revelación/tendencias , Industria Farmacéutica/tendencias , Humanos , Neurocirujanos/tendencias , Neurocirugia/tendencias , Salarios y Beneficios/economía , Salarios y Beneficios/tendencias , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
Male nurses continue to earn more than female counterparts.
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Enfermeros no Diplomados/tendencias , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/tendencias , Salarios y Beneficios/economía , Salarios y Beneficios/tendencias , Humanos , Enfermeros no Diplomados/economía , Enfermeras y Enfermeros/economía , Recursos Humanos/economíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: We sought to understand the effects of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on vascular surgery practices as related to the Vascular Activity Condition (VASCON) scale. METHODS: All members of the Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Society were surveyed on the effects of COVID-19 in their practices, educational programs, and self-reported grading of their surgical acuity level using the VASCON scale. RESULTS: Total response rate was 28% (206/731). Most respondents (99.5%) reported an effect of COVID-19 on their practice, and most were VASCON3 or lower level. Most reported a decrease in clinic referrals, inpatient/emergency room consults, and case volume (P < .00001). Twelve percent of respondents have been deployed to provide critical care and 11% medical care for COVID-19 patients. More than one-quarter (28%) face decreased compensation or salary. The majority of respondents feel vascular education is affected; however, most feel graduates will finish with the necessary experiences. There were significant differences in answers in lower VASCON levels respondents, with this group demonstrating a statistically significant decreased operative volume, vascular surgery referrals, and increased hospital and procedure limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Nearly all vascular surgeons studied are affected by the COVID-19 pandemic with decreased clinical and operative volume, educational opportunities for trainees, and compensation issues. The VASCON level may be helpful in determining surgical readiness.