RESUMEN
Analyzing functional brain activity through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is commonly done using tools from graph theory for the analysis of the correlation matrices. A drawback of these methods is that the networks must be restricted to values of the weights of the edges within certain thresholds and there is no consensus about the best choice of such thresholds. Topological data analysis (TDA) is a recently-developed tool in algebraic topology which allows us to analyze networks through combinatorial spaces obtained from them, with the advantage that all the possible thresholds can be considered at once. In this paper we applied TDA, in particular persistent homology, to study correlation matrices from rs-fMRI, and through statistical analysis, we detected significant differences between the topological structures of adolescents with inhaled substance abuse disorder (ISAD) and healthy controls. We interpreted the topological differences as indicative of a loss of robustness in the functional brain networks of the ISAD population.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Adolescente , Masculino , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Femenino , Abuso de Inhalantes/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Mapeo Encefálico/métodosRESUMEN
The brain integrates information from pain-predictive cues and noxious inputs to construct the pain experience. Although previous studies have identified neural encodings of individual pain components, how they are integrated remains elusive. Here, using a cue-induced pain task, we examined temporal functional magnetic resonance imaging activities within the state space, where axes represent individual voxel activities. By analyzing the features of these activities at the large-scale network level, we demonstrated that overall brain networks preserve both cue and stimulus information in their respective subspaces within the state space. However, only higher-order brain networks, including limbic and default mode networks, could reconstruct the pattern of participants' reported pain by linear summation of subspace activities, providing evidence for the integration of cue and stimulus information. These results suggest a hierarchical organization of the brain for processing pain components and elucidate the mechanism for their integration underlying our pain perception.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo , Señales (Psicología) , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Dolor , Humanos , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/fisiología , Masculino , Dolor/fisiopatología , Adulto , Femenino , Mapeo Encefálico , Percepción del Dolor/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that is associated with atypical brain network organization, with prior work suggesting differential connectivity alterations with respect to functional connection length. Here, we tested whether functional connectopathy in ASD specifically relates to disruptions in long- relative to short-range functional connections. Our approach combined functional connectomics with geodesic distance mapping, and we studied associations to macroscale networks, microarchitectural patterns, as well as socio-demographic and clinical phenotypes. METHODS: We studied 211 males from three sites of the ABIDE-I dataset comprising 103 participants with an ASD diagnosis (mean ± SD age = 20.8 ± 8.1 years) and 108 neurotypical controls (NT, 19.2 ± 7.2 years). For each participant, we computed cortex-wide connectivity distance (CD) measures by combining geodesic distance mapping with resting-state functional connectivity profiling. We compared CD between ASD and NT participants using surface-based linear models, and studied associations with age, symptom severity, and intelligence scores. We contextualized CD alterations relative to canonical networks and explored spatial associations with functional and microstructural cortical gradients as well as cytoarchitectonic cortical types. RESULTS: Compared to NT, ASD participants presented with widespread reductions in CD, generally indicating shorter average connection length and thus suggesting reduced long-range connectivity but increased short-range connections. Peak reductions were localized in transmodal systems (i.e., heteromodal and paralimbic regions in the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal and temporo-parieto-occipital cortex), and effect sizes correlated with the sensory-transmodal gradient of brain function. ASD-related CD reductions appeared consistent across inter-individual differences in age and symptom severity, and we observed a positive correlation of CD to IQ scores. LIMITATIONS: Despite rigorous harmonization across the three different acquisition sites, heterogeneity in autism poses a potential limitation to the generalizability of our results. Additionally, we focussed male participants, warranting future studies in more balanced cohorts. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed reductions in CD as a relatively stable imaging phenotype of ASD that preferentially impacted paralimbic and heteromodal association systems. CD reductions in ASD corroborate previous reports of ASD-related imbalance between short-range overconnectivity and long-range underconnectivity.
Asunto(s)
Conectoma , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Adolescente , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/fisiopatología , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastorno Autístico/fisiopatología , Trastorno Autístico/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Vías Nerviosas/fisiopatología , Vías Nerviosas/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
Vestibular compensation is the natural process of recovery that occurs with acute peripheral vestibular lesion. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying vestibular compensation, focusing on the role of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), the central hub of the vestibular system, and its associated neural networks. The disruption of neural activity balance between the bilateral MVNs underlies the vestibular symptoms after unilateral vestibular damage, and this balance disruption can be partially reversed by the mutual inhibitory projections between the bilateral MVNs, and their top-down regulation by other brain regions via different neurotransmitters. However, the detailed mechanism of how MVN is involved in vestibular compensation and regulated remains largely unknown. A deeper understanding of the vestibular neural network and the neurotransmitter systems involved in vestibular compensation holds promise for improving treatment outcomes and developing more effective interventions for vestibular disorders.
Asunto(s)
Red Nerviosa , Enfermedades Vestibulares , Núcleos Vestibulares , Humanos , Animales , Núcleos Vestibulares/fisiología , Red Nerviosa/fisiología , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Vestibulares/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Vestibulares/terapia , Vestíbulo del Laberinto/fisiología , Sistema Vestibular/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Brain network hubs are highly connected brain regions serving as important relay stations for information integration. Recent studies have linked mental disorders to impaired hub function. Provincial hubs mainly integrate information within their own brain network, while connector hubs share information between different brain networks. This study used a novel time-varying analysis to investigate whether hubs aberrantly follow the trajectory of other brain networks than their own. The aim was to characterize brain hub functioning in clinically remitted bipolar patients. We analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 96 euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder and 61 healthy control individuals. We characterized different hub qualities within the somatomotor network. We found that the somatomotor network comprised mainly provincial hubs in healthy controls. Conversely, in bipolar disorder patients, hubs in the primary somatosensory cortex displayed weaker provincial and stronger connector hub function. Furthermore, hubs in bipolar disorder showed weaker allegiances with their own brain network and followed the trajectories of the limbic, salience, dorsal attention, and frontoparietal network. We suggest that these hub aberrancies contribute to previously shown functional connectivity alterations in bipolar disorder and may thus constitute the neural substrate to persistently impaired sensory integration despite clinical remission.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Bipolar , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Red Nerviosa , Corteza Somatosensorial , Humanos , Trastorno Bipolar/fisiopatología , Trastorno Bipolar/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Corteza Somatosensorial/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Somatosensorial/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/fisiología , Vías Nerviosas/fisiopatología , Vías Nerviosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Conectoma , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), as a chronic mental disorder, causes changes in mood, thoughts, and behavior. The pathophysiology of the disorder and its treatment are still unknown. One of the most notable changes observed in patients with MDD through fMRI is abnormal functional brain connectivity. METHODS: Preprocessed data from 60 MDD patients and 60 normal controls (NCs) were selected, which has been performed using the DPARSF toolbox. The whole-brain functional networks and topologies were extracted using graph theory-based methods. A two-sample, two-tailed t-test was used to compare the topological features of functional brain networks between the MDD and NCs groups using the DPABI-Net/Statistical Analysis toolbox. RESULTS: The obtained results showed a decrease in both global and local efficiency in MDD patients compared to NCs, and specifically, MDD patients showed significantly higher path length values. Acceptable p-values were obtained with a small sample size and less computational volume compared to the other studies on large datasets. At the node level, MDD patients showed decreased and relatively decreased node degrees in the sensorimotor network (SMN) and the dorsal attention network (DAN), respectively, as well as decreased node efficiency in the SMN, default mode network (DMN), and DAN. Also, MDD patients showed slightly decreased node efficiency in the visual networks (VN) and the ventral attention network (VAN), which were reported after FDR correction with Q < 0.05. LIMITATIONS: All participants were Chinese. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, increased path length, decreased global and local efficiency, and also decreased nodal degree and efficiency in the SMN, DAN, DAN, VN, and VAN were found in patients compared to NCs.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Red Nerviosa , Humanos , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/fisiopatología , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Conectoma/métodos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Frontloading is an alcohol drinking pattern where intake is skewed towards the onset of access. This study aimed to identify brain regions involved in frontloading. Whole brain imaging was performed in 63 C57Bl/6J (32 female, 31 male) mice that underwent 8 days of binge drinking using drinking-in-the-dark (DID). On Days 1-7 mice received 20% (v/v) alcohol or water for 2 h. Intake was measured in 1-min bins using volumetric sippers. On Day 8 mice were perfused 80 min into the DID session and brains were extracted. Brains were processed to stain for Fos protein using iDISCO+. Following light sheet imaging, ClearMap2.1 was used to register brains to the Allen Brain Atlas and detect Fos+ cells. For network analyses, Day 8 drinking patterns were used to characterize mice as frontloaders or non-frontloaders using a change-point analysis. Functional correlation matrices were calculated for each group from log10 Fos values. Euclidean distances were calculated from these R values and clustering was used to determine modules (highly connected groups of brain regions). In males, alcohol access decreased modularity (three modules in both frontloaders and non-frontloaders) as compared to water (seven modules). In females, an opposite effect was observed. Alcohol access (nine modules for frontloaders) increased modularity as compared to water (five modules). Further, different brain regions served as hubs in frontloaders as compared to control groups. In conclusion, alcohol consumption led to fewer, but more densely connected, groups of brain regions in males but not females and we identify several brain-wide signatures of frontloading.
Asunto(s)
Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Encéfalo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Caracteres Sexuales , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Consumo Excesivo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/fisiopatología , Ratones , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Etanol/farmacología , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Both cortical and cerebellar developmental differences have been implicated in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Recently accumulating neuroimaging studies have highlighted hierarchies as a fundamental principle of brain organization, suggesting the importance of assessing hierarchy abnormalities in ADHD. A novel gradient-based resting-state functional connectivity analysis was applied to investigate the cerebro-cerebellar disturbed hierarchy in children and adolescents with ADHD. We found that the interaction of functional gradient between diagnosis and age was concentrated in default mode network (DMN) and visual network (VN). At the same time, we also found that the opposite gradient changes of DMN and VN caused the compression of the cortical main gradient in ADHD patients, implicating the co-occurrence of both low- (visual processing) and high-order (self-related thought) cognitive dysfunction manifesting in abnormal cerebro-cerebellar organizational hierarchy in ADHD. Our study provides a neurobiological framework to better understand the co-occurrence and interaction of both low-level and high-level functional abnormalities in the cortex and cerebellum in ADHD.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Cerebelo , Corteza Cerebral , Conectoma , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Red Nerviosa , Humanos , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Niño , Masculino , Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagen , Cerebelo/fisiopatología , Femenino , Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Cerebral/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Red en Modo Predeterminado/diagnóstico por imagen , Red en Modo Predeterminado/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic insomnia disorder (CID) is commonly associated with mood disorders. The cingulate gyrus (CG) plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of CID and anxiety. However, the specific characteristics of altered brain networks in the CG in CID with anxiety remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of CG functional connectivity (FC) in CID with and without anxiety. METHODS: Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging was conducted on 92 CID and 36 healthy controls (HC). CID was divided into CID with anxiety (CID-A, N = 37) and CID without anxiety (CID-NA, N = 55) groups based on anxiety scores. Using the Human Brainnetome Atlas, the subregion CG FC network was constructed. RESULTS: Compared with HC, CID showed significantly decreased CG FC with the precuneus, middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and hippocampus, while showing significantly increased CG FC with the middle temporal gyrus (MTG)/superior temporal gyrus (STG). In contrast, CID-A showed significantly decreased CG FC with the salience network (insular, putamen) and default mode network (MTG/STG and inferior parietal lobule), while showing significantly increased CG FC with the thalamus and MFG compared to CID-NA. Further, CID-A and CID-NA could be classified with 84.21 % accuracy by using the CG FCs as features. Among these features, the CG FC with MFG, thalamus, and putamen had the highest contribution weights. CONCLUSION: This study revealed specific changes in the brain network of the CG subregion in CID-A. Understanding these CG FC alterations can help identify potential biomarkers specific to CID-A, which may be valuable for early detection and differentiation from other CID subtypes.
Asunto(s)
Giro del Cíngulo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/fisiopatología , Trastornos del Inicio y del Mantenimiento del Sueño/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Giro del Cíngulo/fisiopatología , Giro del Cíngulo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Ansiedad/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vías Nerviosas/fisiopatología , Mapeo Encefálico/métodos , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite their temporal lobe pathology, a significant subgroup of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is able to maintain normative cognitive functioning. In this study, we identify patients with TLE with intact vs impaired neurocognitive profiles and interrogate for the presence of both normative and highly individual intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs)-all toward understanding the transition from impaired to intact neurocognitive status. METHODS: This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients with TLE and matched healthy controls (HCs) from the Thomas Jefferson Comprehensive Epilepsy Center. Functional MRI data were decomposed using independent component analysis to obtain individualized ICNs. In this article, we calculated the degree of match between individualized ICNs and canonical ICNs (e.g., 17 resting-state networks by Yeo et al.) and divided each participant's ICNs into normative or non-normative status based on the degree of match. RESULTS: 100 patients with TLE (mean age 42.0 [SD: 13.7] years, 47 women) and 92 HCs were included in this study. We found that the individualized networks matched to the canonical networks less well in the cognitively impaired (n = 24) compared with the cognitively intact (n = 63) patients with TLE by 2-way mixed-measures analysis of variance (impaired vs intact mean difference [MD] -0.165 [-0.317, -0.013], p = 0.028). The cognitively impaired patients showed significant abnormalities in the profiles of both normative (impaired vs intact MD -0.537 [-0.998, -0.076], p = 0.017, intact vs HC MD -0.221 [-0.536, 0.924], p = 0.220, and impaired vs HC MD -0.759 [-1.200, -0.319], p < 0.001) and non-normative networks (impaired vs intact MD 0.484 [0.030, 0.937], p = 0.033, intact vs HC MD 0.369 [0.059, 0.678], p = 0.014, and impaired vs HC MD 0.853 [0.419, 1.286], p < 0.001) while the intact patients showed abnormalities only in non-normative networks. At the same time, we found that normative networks held a strong, positive association with the neuropsychological measures, with this association negative in non-normative networks. DISCUSSION: Our data demonstrated that significant cognitive deficits are associated with the status of both canonical and highly individual ICNs, making clear that the transition from intact to impaired cognitive status is not simply the result of disruption to normative brain networks.
Asunto(s)
Cognición , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Red Nerviosa , Humanos , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/fisiopatología , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/diagnóstico por imagen , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/complicaciones , Epilepsia del Lóbulo Temporal/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Cognición/fisiología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Disfunción Cognitiva/fisiopatología , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Pruebas NeuropsicológicasRESUMEN
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with lifelong impairments. ADHD-related behaviors have been observed as early as toddlerhood for children who later develop ADHD. Children with ADHD have disrupted connectivity in neural circuitry involved in executive control of attention, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and dorsal attention network (DAN). It is not known if these alterations in connectivity can be identified before the onset of ADHD. Children (N = 51) 1.5-3 years old were assessed using functional near-infrared spectroscopy while engaging with a book. The relation between mother-reported ADHD-related behaviors and neural connectivity, computed using robust innovation-based correlation, was examined. Task engagement was high across the sample and unrelated to ADHD-related behaviors. Observed attention was associated with greater connectivity between the right lateral PFC and the right temporal parietal junction (TPJ). Children with greater ADHD-related behaviors had greater frontoparietal connectivity, particularly between the PFC bilaterally and the right TPJ. Toddlers at risk for developing ADHD may require increased frontoparietal connectivity to sustain attention. Future work is needed to examine early interventions that enhance developing attention and their effect on neural connectivity between the PFC and attention networks.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad , Atención , Lóbulo Parietal , Corteza Prefrontal , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/fisiopatología , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/diagnóstico por imagen , Lóbulo Parietal/fisiopatología , Lóbulo Parietal/diagnóstico por imagen , Preescolar , Lactante , Atención/fisiología , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiopatología , Corteza Prefrontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Función Ejecutiva/fisiología , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Conducta Infantil/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Objective.We investigated tinnitus-related cortical networks in cochlear implant users who experience tinnitus and whose perception of tinnitus changes with use of their implant. Tinnitus, the perception of unwanted sounds which are not present externally, can be a debilitating condition. In individuals with cochlear implants, use of the implant is known to modulate tinnitus, often improving symptoms but worsening them in some cases. Little is known about underlying cortical changes with use of the implant, which lead to changes in tinnitus perception. In this study we investigated whether changes in brain networks with the cochlear implant turned on and off, were associated with changes in tinnitus perception, as rated subjectively.Approach.Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, we recorded cortical activity at rest, from 14 cochlear implant users who experienced tinnitus. Recordings were performed with the cochlear implant turned off and on. For each condition, participants rated the loudness and annoyance of their tinnitus using a visual rating scale. Changes in neural synchrony have been reported in humans and animal models of tinnitus. To assess neural synchrony, functional connectivity networks with the implant turned on and off, were compared using two network features: node strength and diversity coefficient.Main results.Changes in subjective ratings of loudness were significantly correlated with changes in node strength, averaged across occipital channels (r=-0.65, p=0.01). Changes in both loudness and annoyance were significantly correlated with changes in diversity coefficient averaged across all channels (r=-0.79,p<0.001 and r=-0.86,p<0.001). More distributed connectivity with the implant on, compared to implant off, was associated with a reduction in tinnitus loudness and annoyance.Significance.A better understanding of neural mechanisms underlying tinnitus suppression with cochlear implant use, could lead to their application as a tinnitus treatment and pave the way for effective use of other less invasive stimulation-based treatments.
Asunto(s)
Implantes Cocleares , Acúfeno , Acúfeno/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Corteza Cerebral/fisiopatología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta/métodos , Corteza Auditiva/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cocaine use (CU) is prevalent in people with HIV (PWH). Both conditions are linked to changes in cognitive functioning and neural network topology. The current study utilizes graph theory to investigate functional connectomics associated with HIV and CU, focusing on disruption of densely connected nodes called hubs. METHODS: Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from 206 adults (ages 22-55 years) were analyzed. A HIV x CU factorial design was implemented with participants in four groups: HIV+CU (n= 41), HIV only (n= 88), CU only (n= 36), and controls (n= 41). Functional connectomes were constructed, and thresholded graph metrics were calculated. Network centrality metrics - betweenness centrality (BC), participation coefficient (PC), and within module degree (WD) - were quantified into hub disruption indices (HDI). For each index, a 2×2 ANCOVA was performed controlling for education. RESULTS: Participants were 68 % male and 74 % African-American with a mean age of 44.4 years. HIV and CU were associated with hub disruption in all three indices. Interactions were significant for HDI-PC and HDI-WD, such that HIV disease was associated with greater hub disruption among participants without CU, but not among participants with CU. Overall, lower global cognitive functioning was associated with greater hub disruption on all three indices. CONCLUSIONS: Widespread hub disruption was evident in HIV disease and CU, highlighting topological reorganization in both diseases with neurocognitive effects. Hub-related measures inform functional connectivity disruptions in HIV disease and CU, particularly with respect to changes in network topology throughout the connectome.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo , Trastornos Relacionados con Cocaína , Conectoma , Infecciones por VIH , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos Relacionados con Cocaína/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos Relacionados con Cocaína/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Adulto Joven , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Trauma type moderates the impact of trauma exposure on clinical symptomatology; however, the impact of trauma type on the neural correlates of emotion regulation is not as well understood. This study examines how violent and nonviolent trauma differentially influence the neural correlates of conditioned fear and extinction. We aggregated psychophysiological and fMRI data from three studies; we categorized reported trauma as violent or nonviolent, and subdivided violent trauma as sexual or nonsexual. We examined skin conductance responses (SCR) during a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm. For fMRI data analyses, we conducted region-specific and whole-brain analyses. We examined associations between beta weights from specific brain regions and CAPS scores. The group exposed to violent trauma showed significantly higher SCR during extinction recall. Those exposed to nonviolent trauma showed significantly higher functional activation during late extinction learning. The group exposed to violent trauma showed higher functional connectivity within the default mode network (DMN) and between the DMN and frontoparietal control network. For secondary analyses of sexual vs nonsexual trauma, we did not observe any between-group differences in SCR. During late extinction learning, the group exposed to sexual trauma showed significantly higher activation in the prefrontal cortex and precuneus. During extinction recall, the group exposed to nonsexual trauma showed significantly higher activation in the insular cortex. Violent trauma significantly impacts functional brain activations and connectivity in brain areas important for perception and attention with no significant impact on brain areas that modulate emotion regulation. Sexual trauma impacts brain areas important for internal perception.
Asunto(s)
Condicionamiento Clásico , Extinción Psicológica , Miedo , Respuesta Galvánica de la Piel , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Trauma Psicológico , Humanos , Extinción Psicológica/fisiología , Masculino , Miedo/fisiología , Femenino , Adulto , Respuesta Galvánica de la Piel/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Condicionamiento Clásico/fisiología , Trauma Psicológico/fisiopatología , Trauma Psicológico/diagnóstico por imagen , Red en Modo Predeterminado/fisiopatología , Red en Modo Predeterminado/diagnóstico por imagen , Exposición a la Violencia , Delitos Sexuales , Adolescente , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
In the field of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), research on functional connectivity between gray matter and white matter remains under-researched. To address this gap, this study innovatively introduced a nested cross-validation method that integrates gray-white matter functional connectivity with an F-Score algorithm. This method calculates the correlation based on signals extracted from functional magnetic resonance imaging data using gray matter and white matter brain region templates. After applying the method to a New York University Langone Medical Center dataset consisting of 55 individuals with high-functioning ASD and 52 healthy subjects, we achieved a classification accuracy of 72.94%. This study found abnormal functional connectivity, primarily involving the left anterior prefrontal cortex and right superior corona radiata, left retrosplenial cortex and left superior corona radiata, as well as the left ventral anterior cingulate cortex and body of corpus callosum. Besides, we discovered that these abnormal connections are closely related to social impairment and restrictive and repetitive behaviors in ASD. In conclusion, this study provides a gray-white matter functional connectivity perspective for the diagnosis and understanding of ASD.
Asunto(s)
Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Sustancia Gris , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Sustancia Blanca , Humanos , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/fisiopatología , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/patología , Masculino , Sustancia Blanca/diagnóstico por imagen , Sustancia Blanca/patología , Sustancia Gris/diagnóstico por imagen , Sustancia Gris/patología , Sustancia Gris/fisiopatología , Femenino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Niño , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has proven to be highly enigmatic due to the diversity of its underlying genetic causes and the huge variability in symptom presentation. Uncovering common phenotypes across people with ASD and pre-clinical models allows us to better understand the influence on brain function of the many different genetic and cellular processes thought to contribute to ASD aetiology. One such feature of ASD is the convergent evidence implicating abnormal functioning of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) across studies. The mPFC is a key part of the 'social brain' and may contribute to many of the changes in social behaviour observed in people with ASD. Here we review recent evidence for mPFC involvement in both ASD and social behaviours. We also highlight how pre-clinical mouse models can be used to uncover important cellular and circuit-level mechanisms that may underly atypical social behaviours in ASD. This article is part of the Special Issue on "PFC circuit function in psychiatric disease and relevant models".
Asunto(s)
Trastorno del Espectro Autista , Corteza Prefrontal , Conducta Social , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiopatología , Humanos , Animales , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/fisiopatología , Trastorno del Espectro Autista/psicología , Vías Nerviosas/fisiopatología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ratones , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Trastorno Autístico/fisiopatología , Trastorno Autístico/psicologíaRESUMEN
Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has been widely utilized to investigate plasticity mechanisms and functional reorganization in multiple sclerosis (MS). Among many resting state (RS) networks, a significant role is played by the salience network (SN, ventral attention network). Previous reports have demonstrated the involvement of osteopontin (OPN) in the pathogenesis of MS, which acts as a proinflammatory cytokine ultimately leading to neurodegeneration. Concentration of serum OPN was related to MRI findings 10.22±2.84 years later in 44 patients with MS. Local and interhemispheric correlations (LCOR, IHC), ROI-to-ROI and seed-based connectivity analyses were performed using serum OPN levels as independent variable along with age and gender as nuisance variables. We found significant associations between OPN levels and local correlation in right and left clusters encompassing the central opercular- and insular cortices (p-FDR = 0.0018 and p-FDR = 0.0205, respectively). Moreover, a significant association was identified between OPN concentration and interhemispheric correlation between central opercular- and insular cortices (p-FDR = 0.00015). Significant positive associations were found between OPN concentration and functional connectivity (FC) within the SN (FC strength between the anterior insula ventral division and 3 other insular regions, F(2,13) = 7.84, p-FDR = 0.0117). Seed-based connectivity analysis using the seven nodes of the SN resulted in several positive and inverse associations with OPN level. Serum OPN level may predict FC alterations within the SN in 10 years.
Asunto(s)
Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Esclerosis Múltiple , Osteopontina , Humanos , Osteopontina/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Esclerosis Múltiple/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerosis Múltiple/fisiopatología , Esclerosis Múltiple/sangre , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in children. Diagnosing epilepsy in children can be very challenging, especially as it often coexists with neurodevelopmental conditions like autism and ADHD. Functional brain networks obtained from neuroimaging and electrophysiological data in wakefulness and sleep have been shown to contain signatures of neurological disorders, and can potentially support the diagnosis and management of co-occurring neurodevelopmental conditions. In this work, we use electroencephalography (EEG) recordings from children, in restful wakefulness and sleep, to extract functional connectivity networks in different frequency bands. We explore the relationship of these networks with epilepsy diagnosis and with measures of neurodevelopmental traits, obtained from questionnaires used as screening tools for autism and ADHD. We explore differences in network markers between children with and without epilepsy in wake and sleep, and quantify the correlation between such markers and measures of neurodevelopmental traits. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the interplay between epilepsy and neurodevelopmental traits when exploring network markers of epilepsy.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo , Electroencefalografía , Epilepsia , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo , Sueño , Vigilia , Humanos , Epilepsia/fisiopatología , Niño , Sueño/fisiología , Masculino , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Vigilia/fisiología , Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo/fisiopatología , Adolescente , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Preescolar , Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
We present a computational model of networked neurons developed to study the effect of temperature on neuronal synchronization in the brain in association with seizures. The network consists of a set of chaotic bursting neurons surrounding a core tonic neuron in a square lattice with periodic boundary conditions. Each neuron is reciprocally coupled to its four nearest neighbors via temperature dependent gap junctions. Incorporating temperature in the gap junctions makes the coupling stronger when temperature rises, resulting in higher likelihood for synchrony in the network. Raising the temperature eventually makes the network elicit waves of synchronization in circular ripples that propagate from the center outwardly. We suggest this process as a possible underlying mechanism for seizures induced by elevated brain temperatures.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Neurológicos , Neuronas , Convulsiones , Convulsiones/fisiopatología , Neuronas/fisiología , Humanos , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Temperatura , Animales , Simulación por Computador , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Potenciales de Acción/fisiología , Uniones Comunicantes/fisiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: There is no diagnostic assessment procedure with moderate or strong evidence of use, and evidence for current means of treating prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDOC) is sparse. This may be related to the fact that the mechanisms of pDOC have not been studied deeply enough and are not clear enough. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of pDOC using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to provide a basis for the treatment of pDOC, as well as to explore preclinical markers for determining the arousal of pDOC patients. METHODS: Five minutes resting-state data were collected from 10 pDOC patients and 13healthy adults using fNIRS. Based on the concentrations of oxyhemoglobin (HbO) and deoxyhemoglobin (HbR) in the time series, the resting-state cortical brain functional connectivity strengths of the two groups were calculated, and the functional connectivity strengths of homologous and heterologous brain networks were compared at the sensorimotor network (SEN), dorsal attention network (DAN), ventral attention network (VAN), default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network (FPN), and visual network (VIS) levels. Univariate binary logistic regression analyses were performed on brain networks with statistically significant differences to identify brain networks associated with arousal in pDOC patients. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were further analyzed to determine the cut-off value of the relevant brain networks to provide clinical biomarkers for the prediction of arousal in pDOC patients. RESULTS: The results showed that the functional connectivity strengths of oxyhemoglobin (HbO)-based SENâ¼SEN, VISâ¼VIS, DANâ¼DAN, DMNâ¼DMN, SENâ¼VIS, SENâ¼FPN, SENâ¼DAN, SENâ¼DMN, VISâ¼FPN, VISâ¼DAN, VISâ¼DMN, HbR-based SENâ¼SEN, and SENâ¼DAN were significantly reduced in the pDOC group and were factors that could reflect the participants' state of consciousness. The cut-off value of resting-state functional connectivity strength calculated by ROC curve analysis can be used as a potential preclinical marker for predicting the arousal state of subjects. CONCLUSION: Resting-state functional connectivity strength of cortical networks is significantly reduced in pDOC patients. The cut-off values of resting-state functional connectivity strength are potential preclinical markers for predicting arousal in pDOC patients.