RESUMEN
Vaccines are important for providing protection from infectious diseases. Vaccination initiates a process that stimulates development of a robust and long-lived immune response to the disease agents in the vaccine. Side effects are sometimes associated with vaccination. These vary from development of acute hypersensitivity responses to vaccine components to local tissue reactions that are annoying but not significantly detrimental to the patient. The pathogenesis of these responses and the consequent clinical outcomes are discussed. Overstimulation of the immune response and the potential relationship to autoimmunity is evaluated in relation to genetic predisposition.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de los Perros/inducido químicamente , Vacunación/veterinaria , Vacunas/efectos adversos , Anafilaxia/inducido químicamente , Anafilaxia/veterinaria , Animales , Reacción de Arthus/inducido químicamente , Reacción de Arthus/veterinaria , Autoinmunidad/efectos de los fármacos , Autoinmunidad/genética , Gatos , Enfermedades de los Perros/genética , Perros , Fibrosarcoma/inducido químicamente , Fibrosarcoma/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Caballos/inducido químicamente , Caballos , Inmunidad Colectiva , Inmunoglobulina E/inmunología , Vacunación/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) have some effects on cell proliferation and inflammation beyond mere anticoagulation. They have been tried on treatment of a few dermatological disorders such as lichen planus, skin wound healing, recurrent aphtous stomatitis, chronic urticaria, and contact hypersensitivity. LMWHs are generally well-tolerated drugs, rarely can lead to severe reactions. In this article, we will review the novel indications of LMWHs in dermatology practice and common skin reactions associated with their use.
Asunto(s)
Anticoagulantes/uso terapéutico , Heparina de Bajo-Peso-Molecular/uso terapéutico , Factores Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Enfermedades de la Piel/tratamiento farmacológico , Reacción de Arthus/inducido químicamente , Enfermedad Crónica , Dermatología , Erupciones por Medicamentos/etiología , Úlcera del Pie/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Liquen Plano/tratamiento farmacológico , Necrosis/inducido químicamente , Enfermedades de la Piel/inducido químicamente , Trasplante de Piel , Urticaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
Arthus reaction (AR), a type of unconventional immune complex-mediated inflammation, is likely accompanied by alterations in circulating metabolites. Here, a proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H NMR) spectroscopy method coupled with a rapid resolution liquid chromatography (RRLC) method was developed to evaluate the systemic metabolic consequences of AR and characterize metabolic aberrations. Serum and urine samples from AR rats and normal controls were compared to determine whether there were significant alterations associated with AR. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models of metabolomic results demonstrated good intergroup separations between AR rats and normal controls. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed significant alterations in the levels of 34 metabolites, which were termed as the disease-associated biomarkers. Differential metabolites identified from the metabolomic analysis suggested that AR caused dysfunctions of kidney and liver accompanied with changes in widespread metabolic pathways including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, gut microbiota metabolism, lipids and cell membranes metabolism, glucose metabolism, fatty acid ß-oxidation, amino acids metabolism and ketogenesis. This study assessed and provided important metabolomic variations in serum and urine associated with AR and, therefore, demonstrated metabolomics as a powerful approach for the complete elucidation of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of AR.
Asunto(s)
Reacción de Arthus/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/análisis , Inflamación/metabolismo , Metaboloma , Aminoácidos/sangre , Animales , Reacción de Arthus/inducido químicamente , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/orina , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análisis , Cromatografía Liquida , Adyuvante de Freund , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Glicoproteínas/sangre , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Lípidos/sangre , Metabolómica , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular , Análisis de Componente Principal , Ratas , Albúmina Sérica BovinaRESUMEN
Lectins bind to surface receptors on target cells, and activate a cascade of events, eventually leading to altered immune status of host. The immunomodulatory potential of purified lectin from Aspergillus nidulans was evaluated in Swiss albino mice treated intraperitoneally with seven different doses of purified lectin. Lectin prevented BSA-induced Arthus reaction and systemic anaphylaxis. The enhanced functional ability of macrophages was evident from respiratory burst activity and nitric oxide production in splenocyte cultures. Interferon-gamma and interleukin-6 levels were significantly up-regulated in treated groups. Maximum stimulatory effect was observed at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg body weight. Therapeutic potential of A. nidulans lectin was assessed against trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced ulcerative colitis in male Wistar rats. Rats pre-treated with 80 mg/kg body weight of purified lectin intraperitoneally prior to colitis induction showed lesser disease severity and recovery within 7 days, while rats post-treated with the same dose showed recovery in 11 days. The results demonstrate immunomodulatory effects of A. nidulans lectin in Swiss albino mice, resulting in improved immune status of the animals and unfold its curative effect against ulcerative colitis in rat model. This is the first report on immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential of a lectin from microfungi.
Asunto(s)
Anafilaxia/prevención & control , Reacción de Arthus/prevención & control , Aspergillus nidulans/química , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Proteínas Fúngicas , Factores Inmunológicos , Lectinas , Anafilaxia/inducido químicamente , Anafilaxia/tratamiento farmacológico , Anafilaxia/inmunología , Animales , Reacción de Arthus/inducido químicamente , Reacción de Arthus/tratamiento farmacológico , Reacción de Arthus/inmunología , Bovinos , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colitis Ulcerosa/inmunología , Colitis Ulcerosa/prevención & control , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta Inmunológica , Proteínas Fúngicas/farmacología , Proteínas Fúngicas/uso terapéutico , Factores Inmunológicos/farmacología , Factores Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Interferón gamma/biosíntesis , Interleucina-6/biosíntesis , Lectinas/farmacología , Lectinas/uso terapéutico , Macrófagos/citología , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Micelio/química , Óxido Nítrico/biosíntesis , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Albúmina Sérica/administración & dosificación , Albúmina Sérica/efectos adversos , Albúmina Sérica/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ácido Trinitrobencenosulfónico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Trinitrobencenosulfónico/efectos adversos , Ácido Trinitrobencenosulfónico/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
Antimuscarinic effects of ipratropium bromide and atropine are associated with prevention of the development of Arthus reaction, while the cytostatic effects of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin lead to involution of the thymus and spleen, suppression of antibody production, and aggravation of inflammation, which causes edema of the ankle joint (cyclophosphamide treatment). Apoptosis of tumor cell and inhibition of inflammation can be essential for chemotherapy of malignant and autoimmune diseases.
Asunto(s)
Reacción de Arthus/inducido químicamente , Agonistas Colinérgicos/farmacología , Antagonistas Colinérgicos/farmacología , Animales , Articulación del Tobillo/efectos de los fármacos , Articulación del Tobillo/patología , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antirreumáticos/farmacología , Linfocitos B/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos B/inmunología , Ciclofosfamida/farmacología , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Edema/inducido químicamente , Galantamina/farmacología , Bloqueadores Ganglionares/farmacología , Hexametonio/farmacología , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Oxifenonio/farmacología , Bazo/efectos de los fármacos , Bazo/inmunología , Timo/efectos de los fármacos , Timo/inmunologíaRESUMEN
The present study was designed to establish the influence of chronic social isolation stress on humoral and cellular immunity in nucleus basalis magnocellularis (NBM)-lesioned rats. Therefore, ten days after bilateral electrolytic lesions of NBM, adult male Wistar rats were immunized with bovine serum albumin in complete Freund's adjuvant (BSA-CFA) and placed individually or in groups of five rats during 21 days. On days 10 and 21 after immunization, the Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions to BSA as well as anti-BSA antibody production were determined. On day 10, the diameter and intensity of delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to BSA were significantly higher in social-isolated rats in comparison with the group-reared ones. On day 21, the diameter and intensity of the Arthus skin reaction were significantly higher in social-isolated rats compared to group-reared rats. Between days 10 and 21, the diameter and intensity of the Arthus skin reaction significantly increased in social-isolated rats, while the diameter of delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction significantly decreased. In contrast to social-isolated rats, there were no significant differences in Arthus and delayed hypersensitivity skin reactions in group-reared rats, between days 10 and 21. Also there were no significant differences in the production of anti-BSA antibody between social-isolated and group-reared rats. The relative spleen weight was significantly lower in social-isolated rats. These data suggest that chronic isolation stress modify humoral and cellular immunity in NBM-lesioned rats.
Asunto(s)
Reacción de Arthus/inmunología , Tolerancia Inmunológica/inmunología , Aislamiento Social , Bazo/patología , Estrés Psicológico/inmunología , Animales , Formación de Anticuerpos/inmunología , Reacción de Arthus/inducido químicamente , Reacción de Arthus/fisiopatología , Núcleo Basal de Meynert/lesiones , Bovinos , Adyuvante de Freund , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Albúmina Sérica Bovina , Estrés Psicológico/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The present experiments were undertaken to clarify the differences in humoral and cellular immune responses to a low-molecular compound, sodium 2,4,6-trinitrobenznnesul fonate dihydrate (TNBS) in guinea-pig strains. Guinea pigs of three different strains, Hartley, Strain 2 and Strain 13, were immunized subcutaneously with TNBS (3 mg/body) 2 or 3 times a week, 9 times in total. Humoral immune responses to TNBS were assessed by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) and Arthus reaction, and cellular immune response was assessed by delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). Hartley guinea pigs showed high humoral immune responses to TNBS, whereas Strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs showed low responses. Strain 2 guinea pigs displayed high cellular immune response to TNBS, and Strain 13 displayed low cellular immune responses. These results suggest that the pattern of humoral immune response to TNBS does not correlate with that of the cellular immune responses to TNBS for Strain 2 and Hartley guinea pigs.
Asunto(s)
Reacción de Arthus/inducido químicamente , Hipersensibilidad Tardía/inducido químicamente , Sistema Inmunológico/efectos de los fármacos , Anafilaxis Cutánea Pasiva/efectos de los fármacos , Ácido Trinitrobencenosulfónico/toxicidad , Animales , Complejo Antígeno-Anticuerpo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Cobayas , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Peso Molecular , Anafilaxis Cutánea Pasiva/inmunología , Albúmina Sérica Bovina/metabolismo , Especificidad de la Especie , Ácido Trinitrobencenosulfónico/administración & dosificaciónAsunto(s)
Animales , Conejos , Reacción de Arthus/inducido químicamente , Reacción de Arthus/inmunología , Inmunización , Inmunización/veterinaria , Neumonía/inmunología , Neumonía/veterinaria , Pulmón/anatomía & histología , Pulmón/patología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/inmunología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Sch 40120 (10-(3-chlorophenyl)-6,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[b] [1,8]naphthyridin-5(7H)-one) is an inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme in rat neutrophils, human neutrophils and the the MC9 murine mast cell clone with IC50 values of 8, 4 and 7 microM, respectively. The drug was examined for its effects on acute inflammatory responses in the paw and pleural cavity of rats. The drug suppressed paw inflammation triggered by a reverse passive Arthus reaction or a subplantar injection of the polysaccharide carrageenan with p.o. ED50 values of 0.2 and 1.5 mg/kg, respectively. In reverse passive Arthus reaction and carrageenan pleurisy models, Sch 40120 was found to suppress both the cellular and fluid components of the acute inflammation. The p.o. ED50 values for inhibition of cells and fluid in pleurisy models were in the range of 0.1 to 0.7 mg/kg. When applied locally to the ears of mice, the drug blocked an arachidonic acid-induced and leukotriene-mediated ear inflammation with an ED50 of 0.072 mg/ear. These findings suggest that Sch 40120 is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that may be particularly useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis in which leukotrienes appear to be major mediators of the pathological symptoms that characterize the disease state.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Lipooxigenasa/farmacología , Naftiridinas/farmacología , Enfermedad Aguda , Antiinflamatorios , Reacción de Arthus/inducido químicamente , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa/farmacología , Humanos , Ácidos Hidroxieicosatetraenoicos/biosíntesis , Técnicas In Vitro , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
We report herein a case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia induced by minocycline, confirmed by TBLB and re-challenge test. Re-challenge test suggested that Arthus-type reaction was pathognomonic, and prominent Kerley B lines represented a local hypersensitivity reaction in this patient.
Asunto(s)
Minociclina/efectos adversos , Eosinofilia Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Adulto , Reacción de Arthus/inducido químicamente , Reacción de Arthus/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/diagnóstico , Hipersensibilidad a las Drogas/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Eosinofilia Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Eosinofilia Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagen , RadiografíaRESUMEN
Application of heparin in low doses to the treatment of 6 patients to prevent postoperative venous thromboembolic complications led to the development of an allergic heparin infiltrate (AHI). In three cases, the AHI eventuated in skin and subcutaneous fat necrosis, while in the remaining cases, underwent a reverse development. Apparently, the basis of the AHI is formed by the immediate type hypersensitivity developing in the area of repeated heparin injections. The AHI should be treated with glucocorticoids, antihistamine drugs, and antibiotics.
Asunto(s)
Reacción de Arthus/inducido químicamente , Heparina/efectos adversos , Piel/patología , Adulto , Femenino , Heparina/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Inyecciones Subcutáneas/efectos adversos , NecrosisRESUMEN
Four cases of an unusual skin eruption related to mandibular block injection are presented. The authors suggest an immunologic basis for the reaction, probably to the methylparaben preseravtive, and discuss a possible pathogenic mechanism. The medical-dental literature concerning untoward reactions to lidocaine is reviewed; particular attention is given alleged allergic reactions.