RESUMEN
UV radiation causes long- and short-term skin damage, such as erythema and skin cancer. Therefore, the use of sunscreens is extremely important. However, concerns about UV filter safety have prompted exploration into alternative solutions, with nanotechnology emerging as a promising avenue. This systematic review identified 23 experimental studies utilizing nanocarriers to encapsulate sunscreens with the aim of enhancing their efficacy and safety. Polymeric and lipid nanoparticles are frequently employed to encapsulate both organic and inorganic UV filters along with natural antioxidants. Nanocarriers have demonstrated benefits including reduced active ingredient usage, increased sun protection factor, and mitigated photoinstability. Notably, they also decreased the skin absorption of UV filters. In summary, nanocarriers represent a viable strategy for improving sunscreen formulations, offering enhanced physicochemical properties and bolstered photoprotective effects, thereby addressing concerns regarding UV filter safety and efficacy in cosmetic applications.
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Nanopartículas , Nanotecnología , Protectores Solares , Rayos Ultravioleta , Protectores Solares/química , Protectores Solares/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Nanopartículas/química , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Nanotecnología/métodos , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Animales , Absorción Cutánea/efectos de los fármacos , Polímeros/química , Antioxidantes/administración & dosificación , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Protección Solar/métodos , Lípidos/químicaRESUMEN
The natural process of skin aging is influenced by a variety of factors, including oxidative stress, inflammation, collagen degradation, and UV radiation exposure. The potential of polyphenols in controlling skin aging has been the subject of much investigation throughout the years. Due to their complex molecular pathways, polyphenols, a broad class of bioactive substances present in large quantities in plants, have emerged as attractive candidates for skin anti-aging therapies. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular mechanisms through which polyphenols exert their anti-aging effects on the skin. Various chemical mechanisms contribute to reducing skin aging signs and maintaining a vibrant appearance. These mechanisms include UV protection, moisturization, hydration, stimulation of collagen synthesis, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory actions. These mechanisms work together to reduce signs of aging and keep the skin looking youthful. Polyphenols, with their antioxidant properties, are particularly noteworthy. They can neutralize free radicals, lessening oxidative stress that might otherwise cause collagen breakdown and DNA damage. The anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols are explored, focusing on their ability to suppress pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes, thereby alleviating inflammation and its detrimental effects on the skin. Understanding these mechanisms can guide future research and development, leading to the development of innovative polyphenol-based strategies for maintaining healthy skin.
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Antiinflamatorios , Antioxidantes , Estrés Oxidativo , Polifenoles , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Piel , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Polifenoles/farmacología , Polifenoles/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Mediadores de Inflamación/metabolismoRESUMEN
To evaluate the efficacy of yellow light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation at 590 nm, alone or in combination with anti-inflammatory active substances against ultraviolet (UV)-induced inflammation in keratinocytes. HaCaT keratinocytes were pretreated with LED yellow light (590 nm) alone or in combination with an antiinflammatory active substance such as glycerophosphoinositol choline (GC), extract of grains of paradise (Aframomum melegueta Schum, AM), or a bisabolol and ginger root extract mixture (Bb-GE) before UVB irradiation. Following each treatment, we measured the levels of inflammatory mediators secreted by keratinocytes. HaCaT keratinocytes treated with UVB (300 mJ cm-²) and then cultured for 24 h exhibited significantly upregulated expression of proinflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1α, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and IL-8. After pretreatment with 590 nm LED, UVB-induced inflammatory responses were significantly inhibited. Co-pretreatment with 590 nm LED irradiation and GC further inhibited the expression of IL-1α and IL-8. IL-8 expression was inhibited by co-pretreatment with 590 nm LED irradiation and AM, whereas PGE2 expression was inhibited by co-pretreatment with 590 nm LED irradiation and Bb-GE. Co-treatment with 590 nm LED irradiation and various active substances modulated UVB-induced inflammation in keratinocytes, suggesting the potential application of this approach to prevent damage caused by voluntary sun exposure in daily life.
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Inflamación , Interleucina-8 , Queratinocitos , Rayos Ultravioleta , Humanos , Queratinocitos/efectos de la radiación , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Interleucina-1alfa/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Láseres de Semiconductores/uso terapéutico , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos Monocíclicos/farmacología , Células HaCaTRESUMEN
Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation induces skin photoaging, which manifests as oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen degradation. Multiple approaches (topical or systemic retinoids, antioxidants, alpha-hydroxy acids, laser, surgery) are used in the treatment of photoaged skin, and the use of topical retinoids is currently a primary clinical treatment. Previous studies revealed that retinoic acid promotes keratinocyte proliferation and reduces melanin deposition and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) secretion; it also causes potential allergic and inflammatory damage to the skin. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of trifarotene, a functional retinoic acid analog, on UV-irradiated photoaging ICR and BALB/c nude mice and UVB photodamaged human epidermal keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells by examining indicators such as collagen, oxidoreductase, and inflammatory factor presence through histochemical staining, Western blot, and ELISA. Results suggested that trifarotene significantly reduced UV-induced photoaging in mouse skin tissue, potentially by reducing oxidative stress damage and inflammatory factor release, and inhibiting melanin deposition and collagen degradation by downregulating MMP expression. Concentrations of malondialdehyde, tyrosinase, interleukin-6, interleukin- 12, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in photoaged skin decreased, while SOD content in photodamaged HaCaT cells significantly increased. Trifarotene (3.3 µmol L-1) inhibited phosphorylated JNK and c-Jun expression both independently and collaboratively with the JNK activator anisomycin, demonstrating that trifarotene mitigates UV-induced collagen degradation and apoptosis through inhibition of the JNK/c-Jun/MMPs signaling pathway.
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Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Rayos Ultravioleta , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Humanos , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Ratones , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/metabolismo , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones Desnudos , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/patología , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Células HaCaT , Masculino , Melaninas/metabolismo , Colágeno/metabolismo , FemeninoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Photoaging is a process of the architecture of normal skin damaged by ultraviolet radiation. Topical cosmeceuticals have been used to treat this condition. The authors aimed to understand the mechanism and level of evidence of different commonly used cosmeceuticals used to treat photodamaged skin. OBJECTIVE: A range of commonly used topical cosmeceuticals (botanicals, peptides, and hydroquinone) has been used in cosmetic medicine for many years to treat photodamaged skin. This review article compares their efficacy and level of evidence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was a systematic review to evaluate the efficacy of different topical cosmeceuticals. Keywords including "Photoaging," "Azelaic acid," "Soy," "Green Tea," "Chamomile," "Ginkgo," "Tea Tree Oil," "Resveratrol," "Cucumber," "Ginseng," "Centella asiatica," "Licorice Root," "Aloe Vera," "Peptides," "Argireline," "Hydroquinone," were typed on OVID, PUBMED, MEDLINE for relevant studies published on photoaging treatment. RESULTS: Most of the evidence behind cosmeceuticals is of high-quality ranging from Level I to Level II. In particular, the evidence base behind peptides is the strongest with most studies achieving Level Ib status in the evidence hierarchy. CONCLUSION: Topical cosmeceuticals like botanicals, peptides and hydroquinone can effectively treat photodamaged skin.
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Cosmecéuticos , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Humanos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de la radiación , Cosmecéuticos/farmacología , Cosmecéuticos/uso terapéutico , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Administración Tópica , Hidroquinonas/uso terapéutico , Hidroquinonas/farmacología , Hidroquinonas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Extended exposure to UVB (280-315 nm) radiation results in oxidative damage and inflammation of the skin. Previous research has demonstrated that pilose antler extracts have strong anti-inflammatory properties and possess antioxidant effects. This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of pilose antler protein in repairing photodamage caused by UVB radiation in HaCaT cells and ICR mice. Pilose antler protein (PAP) was found to increase the expression of type I collagen and hyaluronic acid in HaCaT cells under UVB irradiation while also inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress in vitro. In vivo, the topical application of pilose antler protein effectively attenuated UVB-induced skin damage in ICR mice by reducing interleukin-1ß (IL-ß), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inhibiting skin inflammation while alleviating UVB-induced oxidative stress. It was shown that pilose antler protein repaired UVB-induced photodamage through the MAPK and TGF-ß/Smad pathways.
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Cuernos de Venado , Células HaCaT , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Estrés Oxidativo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno , Piel , Rayos Ultravioleta , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Animales , Humanos , Cuernos de Venado/química , Ratones , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Piel/patología , Piel/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Ciervos , Ácido Hialurónico/farmacología , Proteínas Smad/metabolismo , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/metabolismoRESUMEN
Introduction: Photoaging-induced skin damage leads to appearance issues and dermatoma. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) possess high antioxidant properties but are prone to inactivation. In this study, human serum albumin/SeNPs (HSA-SeNPs) were synthesized for enhanced stability. Methods: HSA-SeNPs were prepared by self-assembling denatured human serum albumin and inorganic selenite. The cytotoxicity of HSA-SeNPs was assessed using the MTT method. Cell survival and proliferation rates were tested to observe the protective effect of HSA-SeNPs on human skin keratinocytes against photoaging. Simultaneously, ICR mice were used for animal experiments. H&E and Masson trichromatic staining were employed to observe morphological changes in skin structure and collagen fiber disorders after UVB irradiation. Quantitative RT-PCR was utilized to measure changes in mRNA expression levels of factors related to collagen metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress regulation, and senescence markers. Results: The HSA-SeNPs group exhibited significantly higher survival and proliferation rates of UVB-irradiated keratinocytes than the control group. Following UVB irradiation, the back skin of ICR mice displayed severe sunburn with disrupted collagen fibers. However, HSA-SeNPs demonstrated superior efficacy in alleviating these symptoms compared to SeNPs alone. In a UVB-irradiated mice model, mRNA expression of collagen type I and III was dysregulated while MMP1, inflammatory factors, and p21 mRNA expression were upregulated; concurrently Nrf2 and Gpx1 mRNA expression were downregulated. In contrast, HSA-SeNPs maintained the mRNA expression of those factors to be stable In addition, the level of SOD decreased, and MDA elevated significantly in the skin after UVB irradiation, but no significant differences in SOD and MDA levels between the HSA-SeNPs group with UVB irradiation and the UVB-free untreated group. Discussion: HSA-SeNPs have more anti-photoaging effects on the skin than SeNPs, including the protective effects on skin cell proliferation, cell survival, and structure under photoaging conditions. HSA-SeNPs can be used to protect skin from photoaging and repair skin injury caused by UVB exposure.
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Proliferación Celular , Supervivencia Celular , Queratinocitos , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Nanopartículas , Selenio , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Piel , Rayos Ultravioleta , Animales , Humanos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de la radiación , Selenio/química , Selenio/farmacología , Selenio/administración & dosificación , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Nanopartículas/química , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/efectos de la radiación , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Albúmina Sérica Humana/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is the most important risk factor for skin cancer development. Sunlight is the main source of UV radiation in the general population. In addition, tanning beds are a source of artificial UV radiation. Since the incidence of skin cancer is increasing worldwide, it is necessary to monitor UV-related risk behaviors such as intentional indoor and outdoor tanning, as well as sun protection behavior in the general population and specific subgroups and settings. This is the aim of the National Cancer Aid Monitoring online (NCAM-online), a continuation and further development of the NCAM. METHODS: The NCAM-online is a longitudinal trend study consisting of four annual survey waves. Each year, 4,000 individuals aged 16-65 years living in Germany will be surveyed using online questionnaires. Each year, intentional indoor and outdoor tanning will be assessed. In addition, varying specific topics regarding skin cancer prevention, such as the utilization of skin cancer screening, will be addressed in the questionnaires. DISCUSSION: The findings of the NCAM-online will provide an important basis for the German Cancer Aid and Working Group on Dermatologic Prevention (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Prävention, ADP) to develop targeted prevention campaigns and projects aimed at preventing skin cancer. The explorative nature of the NCAM-online allows for the identification of new potential starting points for prevention and education. In addition, the longitudinal design allows for a description of the trend in the prevalence of intentional tanning. For tanning bed use, representative trend data from 2012 are available for Germany, to which NCAM-online will add annual data until 2027.
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Neoplasias Cutáneas , Rayos Ultravioleta , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Alemania/epidemiología , Adulto , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Anciano , Neoplasias Cutáneas/prevención & control , Neoplasias Cutáneas/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Estudios Longitudinales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Baño de Sol/estadística & datos numéricos , Internet , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/prevención & control , Neoplasias Inducidas por Radiación/epidemiología , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Ultraviolet (UV) exposure and atmospheric pollution are both independently implicated in skin diseases such as cancer and premature aging. UVA wavelengths, which penetrate in the deep layers of the skin dermis, exert their toxicity mainly through chromophore photosensitization reactions. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon originating from the incomplete combustion of organic matter, could act as a chromophore and absorb UVA. We and other groups have previously shown that BaP and UVA synergize their toxicity in skin cells, which leads to important oxidation. Even if mitochondria alterations have been related to premature skin aging and other skin disorders, no studies have focused on the synergy between UV exposure and pollution on mitochondria. Our study aims to investigate the combined effect of UVA and BaP specifically on mitochondria in order to assess the effect on mitochondrial membranes and the consequences on mitochondrial activity. We show that BaP has a strong affinity for mitochondria and that this affinity leads to an important induction of lipid peroxidation and membrane disruption when exposed to UVA. Co-exposure to UVA and BaP synergizes their toxicity to negatively impact mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial metabolism and the mitochondrial network. Altogether, our results highlight the implication of mitochondria in the synergistic toxicity of pollution and UV exposure and the potential of this toxicity on skin integrity.
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Benzo(a)pireno , Peroxidación de Lípido , Mitocondrias , Rayos Ultravioleta , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/efectos de la radiación , Benzo(a)pireno/toxicidad , Humanos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Piel/metabolismoRESUMEN
The Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSP) extracted through alkali-assisted method exhibit significant antioxidant activity, but its bioaccessibility was inadequate due to its tightly filamentous reticulation structure and high molecular weight. The anti-photoaging and anti-melanogenesis effects of degraded BSP (DBSPs) against UVB-induced oxidative stress on the skin were investigated. The molecular weights of the DBSPs were reduced to 153.94 kDa, 66.96 kDa, and 15.54 kDa from an initial value of 298.82 kDa. The degradation treatment altered the branched chain structure of the DBSPs, while the backbone structure, triple-helix structure, and crystallinity remained. DBSPs with a lower molecular weight exhibit better in vitro antioxidant activity. DBSPs did not show cytotoxicity to HSF cells but inhibited B16F10 cell proliferation. The addition of DBSPs protected HSF and B16F10 cells from oxidative stress and reduced ROS levels, B16F10 melanin content, and B16F10 tyrosinase activity after UVB damage, but DBSP-10 particles were slightly less effective due to aggregation. In contrast, DBSP-5 demonstrated effectiveness in reducing MDA levels in cells stressed by oxidative stress, increased total antioxidant capacity, and inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10, suggesting that DBSP-5 has potential as a topical therapeutic agent for the treatment of skin diseases associated with oxidative stress.
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Antioxidantes , Estrés Oxidativo , Polisacáridos , Piel , Rayos Ultravioleta , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/química , Animales , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Ratones , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Orchidaceae/química , Melaninas/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Humanos , Peso Molecular , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Long-term exposure to UVB induces DNA damage, inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in skin cells, thus causing skin photodamage. Research has demonstrated the noteworthy antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, DNA repair, and mitochondrial protective properties of keratinocyte growth factor-2 (KGF-2). METHODS: To examine the impact of KGF-2 on UVB-triggered skin photodamage in mice, hair-removed mice were initially exposed under UVB radiation and subsequently treated with KGF-2 hydrogel and repeated for 6 days. On day 7, the assessment of histopathological alterations, inflammation, DNA damage, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis in mouse skin was assessed. RESULTS: It was found that KGF-2 could effectively relieve cutaneous photodamage symptoms and inhibit epidermal proliferation in mice. Meanwhile, KGF-2 was found to significantly reduce DNA damage, attenuate the inflammatory response, and inhibit the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway in the UVB-exposed mouse skin photodamage model. CONCLUSION: To summarize, our results indicated that KGF-2 reduces the severity of mouse skin photodamage caused by UVB rays by attenuating DNA damage and the inflammatory response, besides inhibiting the mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis pathway.
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Apoptosis , Daño del ADN , Factor 7 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos , Mitocondrias , Piel , Rayos Ultravioleta , Animales , Femenino , Ratones , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Factor 7 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/farmacología , Inflamación/patología , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Mitocondrias/efectos de los fármacos , Mitocondrias/patología , Piel/patología , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/efectos de la radiación , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic photosensitivity dermatitis (CPD) (also named actinic reticuloid) is an unusual disease classically referred often in elderly men. Affected patients have severely itchy, thickened dry skin in areas exposed to the sun throughout the years. METHOD: A Caucasian female patient who worked most of her life outside who had "chronic dermatitis" in her neck started planting chrysanthemum in her garden on a sunny day. Later, she presented edema, erythema, papules, and a few vesicles in her neck with severe pruritus. STUDIES: A skin biopsy revealed the diagnosis of CPD, along with positive testing for ultraviolet B (UVB), minimal erythema doses (MED) for UVB (MEDB) UVA (MEDA) and PhotoPath. RESULTS: Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) stains using anti-human antibodies against fibrinogen, albumin, IgG, IgM, lambda, kappa, and C3c and C1q were positive at the base membrane area of the dermal epidermal junction, in the papillary dermis, as well as the neurovascular bundles in all the dermis and the extracellular matrix, especially those under the blisters. CONCLUSION: With this case, we suggest not forgetting the importance of using DIF in reactivated CPD cases in addition to the photo patch testing.
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Dermatitis Fotoalérgica , Humanos , Femenino , Enfermedad Crónica , Dermatitis Fotoalérgica/patología , Dermatitis Fotoalérgica/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Trastornos por Fotosensibilidad/patología , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Directa , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversosRESUMEN
Para-hydroxycinnamic acid (pHCA) is one of the most abundant naturally occurring hydroxycinnamic acids, a class of chemistries known for their antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluated the impact of pHCA on different parameters of skin aging in in vitro skin models after H2O2 and UV exposure. These parameters include keratinocyte senescence and differentiation, inflammation, and energy metabolism, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that pHCA prevents oxidative stress-induced premature senescence of human primary keratinocytes in both 2D and 3D skin models, while improving clonogenicity in 2D. As aging is linked to inflammation, referred to as inflammaging, we analyzed the release of IL-6, IL-8, and PGE2, known to be associated with senescence. All of them were downregulated by pHCA in both normal and oxidative stress conditions. Mechanistically, DNA damage induced by oxidative stress is prevented by pHCA, while pHCA also exerts a positive effect on the mitochondrial and glycolytic functions under stress. Altogether, these results highlight the protective effects of pHCA against inflammaging, and importantly, help to elucidate its potential mechanisms of action.
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Senescencia Celular , Ácidos Cumáricos , Queratinocitos , Estrés Oxidativo , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Piel , Humanos , Ácidos Cumáricos/farmacología , Senescencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Queratinocitos/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/metabolismo , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Células Cultivadas , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismoRESUMEN
R. NilamberLal Das, S. Muruhan, R. P. Nagarajan and A. Balupillai, "Naringin Prevents Ultraviolet-B Radiation-induced Oxidative Damage and Inflammation Through Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (NIH-3T3) Cells," Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 33, no. 3 (2019): e22263, https://doi.org/10.1002/jbt.22263. This Expression of Concern for the above article published online on 4 December 2018 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been published by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Hari K. Bhat; and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The Expression of Concern has been agreed following concerns raised by a third party regarding the standard deviations presented in Table 2, which are unusually low and show an unexpected even distribution. The authors admitted they made a mistake and wished to correct Table 2. However, since the new data provided could not be substantiated, the editors did not consider the data appropriate to correct the article. The editors would like to issue an Expression of Concern to alert the readers.
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Flavanonas , Inflamación , Estrés Oxidativo , PPAR gamma , Rayos Ultravioleta , Animales , Ratones , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de la radiación , Células 3T3 NIH , Inflamación/metabolismo , Flavanonas/farmacología , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
Schimke immuno-osseous dysplasia is a rare multisystemic disorder caused by biallelic loss of function of the SMARCAL1 gene that plays a pivotal role in replication fork stabilization and thus DNA repair. Individuals affected from this disease suffer from disproportionate growth failure, steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome leading to renal failure and primary immunodeficiency mediated by T cell lymphopenia. With infectious complications being the leading cause of death in this disease, researching the nature of the immunodeficiency is crucial, particularly as the state is exacerbated by loss of antibodies due to nephrotic syndrome or immunosuppressive treatment. Building on previous findings that identified the loss of IL-7 receptor expression as a possible cause of the immunodeficiency and increased sensitivity to radiation-induced damage, we have employed spectral cytometry and multiplex RNA-sequencing to assess the phenotype and function of T cells ex-vivo and to study changes induced by in-vitro UV irradiation and reaction of cells to the presence of IL-7. Our findings highlight the mature phenotype of T cells with proinflammatory Th1 skew and signs of exhaustion and lack of response to IL-7. UV light irradiation caused a severe increase in the apoptosis of T cells, however the expression of the genes related to immune response and regulation remained surprisingly similar to healthy cells. Due to the disease's rarity, more studies will be necessary for complete understanding of this unique immunodeficiency.
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Reparación del ADN , Osteocondrodisplasias , Enfermedades de Inmunodeficiencia Primaria , Humanos , Enfermedades de Inmunodeficiencia Primaria/genética , Enfermedades de Inmunodeficiencia Primaria/diagnóstico , Enfermedades de Inmunodeficiencia Primaria/inmunología , Osteocondrodisplasias/genética , Osteocondrodisplasias/inmunología , Reparación del ADN/genética , ADN Helicasas/genética , Síndrome Nefrótico/etiología , Síndrome Nefrótico/genética , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Arteriosclerosis/genética , Arteriosclerosis/etiología , Arteriosclerosis/inmunología , Masculino , Femenino , Embolia Pulmonar/genética , Embolia Pulmonar/etiología , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/etiología , Enfermedades Óseas Metabólicas/genética , Trastornos del Crecimiento/genética , Trastornos del Crecimiento/etiología , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Niño , Apoptosis/genética , Síndromes de Inmunodeficiencia/genética , Síndromes de Inmunodeficiencia/inmunologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Our aim is to evaluate the impact of surface ultraviolet radiation intensity on hospital admissions for stroke and to compare the correlation and differences among different subtypes of strokes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected daily data on surface ultraviolet radiation intensity, temperature, air pollution, and hospital admissions for stroke in Harbin from 2015 to 2022. Using a distributed lag non-linear model, we determined the correlation between daily surface ultraviolet radiation intensity and the stroke admission rate. Relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and attributable fractions (AF) with 95% CI were calculated based on stroke subtypes, gender, and age groups. RESULTS: A total of 132,952 hospitalized stroke cases (including hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes) were included in the study. We assessed the non-linear effects of ultraviolet intensity on hospitalized patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Compared to the maximum morbidity benchmark ultraviolet intensity (19.2 × 10^5 for ischemic stroke and 20.25 for hemorrhagic stroke), over the 0-10 day lag period, the RR for extreme low radiation (1st percentile) was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.96), and the RR for extreme high radiation (99th percentile) was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.96). In summary, -4.842% (95% CI: -7.721%, -2.167%) and -1.668% (95% CI: -3.061%, -0.33%) of ischemic strokes were attributed to extreme low radiation intensity with a lag of 0 to 10 days and extreme high radiation intensity with a lag of 0 to 5 days, respectively. The reduction in stroke hospitalization rates due to low or high ultraviolet intensity was more pronounced in females and younger individuals compared to males and older individuals. None of the mentioned ultraviolet intensity intensities and lag days had a statistically significant impact on hemorrhagic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Our study fundamentally suggests that both lower and higher levels of surface ultraviolet radiation intensity in Harbin, China, contribute to a reduced incidence of ischemic stroke, with this effect lasting approximately 10 days. This finding holds significant potential for public health and clinical relevance.
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Bases de Datos Factuales , Accidente Cerebrovascular Hemorrágico , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico , Dinámicas no Lineales , Admisión del Paciente , Rayos Ultravioleta , Humanos , China/epidemiología , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Accidente Cerebrovascular Hemorrágico/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular Hemorrágico/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular Hemorrágico/etiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/epidemiología , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/diagnóstico , Accidente Cerebrovascular Isquémico/etiología , Factores de Tiempo , Factores de Riesgo , Medición de Riesgo , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Adolescente , Exposición a la Radiación/efectos adversosRESUMEN
We aimed to examine associations between ultraviolet (UV) exposure and mortality among older adults in the United Kingdom (UK). We used data from UK Biobank participants with two UV exposures, validated with measured vitamin D levels: solarium use and annual average residential shortwave radiation. Associations between the UV exposures, all-cause and cause-specific mortality were examined as adjusted hazard ratios. The UV exposures were inversely associated with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality. Solarium users were also at a lower risk of non-CVD/non-cancer mortality. The benefits of UV exposure may outweigh the risks in low-sunlight countries.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Rayos Ultravioleta , Humanos , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/mortalidad , Bancos de Muestras Biológicas , Estudios de Cohortes , Neoplasias/mortalidad , Vitamina D , Mortalidad/tendencias , Biobanco del Reino UnidoRESUMEN
Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), a degenerative corneal condition, is characterized by the droplet-like accumulation of the extracellular matrix, known as guttae and progressive loss of corneal endothelial cells ultimately leading to visual distortion and glare. FECD can be influenced by environmental stressors and genetic conditions. However, the role of mitochondrial dysfunction for advancing FECD pathogenesis is not yet fully studied. Therefore, in the present study we sought to determine whether a combination of environmental stressors (ultraviolet-A (UVA) light and cigarette smoke condensate (CSC)) can induce mitochondrial dysfunction leading to FECD. We also investigated if MitoQ, a water-soluble antioxidant, can target mitochondrial dysfunction induced by UVA and CSC in human corneal endothelial cells mitigating FECD pathogenesis. We modeled the FECD by increasing exogenous oxidative stress with CSC (0.2%), UVA (25J/cm2) and a combination of UVA + CSC and performed a temporal analysis of their cellular and mitochondrial effects on HCEnC-21T immortalized cells in vitro before and after MitoQ (0.05 µM) treatment. Interestingly, we observed that a combination of UVA + CSC exposure increased mitochondrial ROS and fragmentation leading to a lower mitochondrial membrane potential and increased levels of cytochrome c release leading to apoptosis and cell death. MitoQ intervention successfully mitigated these effects and restored cell viability. The UVA + CSC model could be used to study stress induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Additionally, MitoQ can serve as a viable antioxidant in attenuating mitochondrial dysfunction, underscoring its potential as a molecular-focused treatment approach to combat FECD pathogenesis.