RESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of the Chinese medicine compound Ento-PB on oxazolone (OXZ)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. METHODS: UC rats induced by OXZ were treated with Ento-PB. The damage to the colon was assessed using several measures, including the disease activity index (DAI), colon length, colon weight/length ratio, colonic mucosal damage index, and histological score. The levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-13 (IL-13), epidermal growth factor (EGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase, and total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS) in rat serum, as well as the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in rat colon tissue, were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and conventional kits. RESULTS: After being treated with Ento-PB, the DAI score and macroscopic lesion score of OXZ-induced UC rats were significantly reduced. Ento-PB prevented the shortening of rat colons, reduced the ratio of colon weight to length, and improved colon tissue lesions. Meanwhile, Ento-PB could significantly inhibit the activities of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-13, and MPO, as well as tNOS and iNOS, while upregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10. Moreover, a significant increase in the expression level of EGF was observed in UC rats treated with Ento-PB, indicating that Ento-PB could enhance the repair of damaged intestinal epithelial tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Ento-PB demonstrates significant anti-UC activities in OXZ-induced UC rats by regulating the expression levels of inflammatory factors and promoting the repair of colon tissue. This study provides scientific evidence to support the further development of Ento-PB.
Asunto(s)
Colitis Ulcerosa , Colon , Oxazolona , Peroxidasa , Animales , Colitis Ulcerosa/inducido químicamente , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis Ulcerosa/patología , Masculino , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/patología , Colon/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/análisis , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/farmacología , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/uso terapéutico , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Ratas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Factor de Crecimiento Epidérmico/análisis , Citocinas/metabolismo , Interleucina-13/análisis , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa de Tipo II/análisis , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The current study aimed to explore the potential protective effect of Passiflora Incarnata L., (PI) in treating IR injury after testicular torsion in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research investigated the impact of PI on IR damage in male Wistar albino rats. Animals were divided to three groups: group 1 (sham), group 2 (IR), and group 3 (IR+PI). RESULTS: The malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and glutathione (GSH) levels did not significantly differ across the groups (p = 0.830, p = 0.153 and p=0.140, respectively). However, Group 3 demonstrated a superior total antioxidant status (TAS) value compared to Group 2 (p = 0.020). Concurrently, Group 3 presented a significantly diminished mean total oxidant status (TOS) relative to Group 2 (p = 0.009). Furthermore, Group 3 showed a markedly improved Johnsen score relative to Group 2 (p < 0.01). IR caused cell degeneration, apoptosis, and fibrosis in testicular tissues. PI treatment, however, mitigated these effects, preserved seminiferous tubule integrity and promoted regular spermatogenesis. Furthermore, it reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), Bax, and Annexin V, signifying diminished inflammation and apoptosis, thereby supporting cell survival (p < 0.01, p < 0.01, p < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that PI significantly reduces oxidative stress and testicular damage, potentially benefiting therapies for IR injuries.
OBJETIVO: Explorar el posible efecto protector de Passiflora incarnata L. (PI) en el tratamiento de la lesión por isquemia-reperfusión (IR) después de una torsión testicular en ratas. MÉTODO: Se estudió el impacto de Passiflora incarnata en el daño por IR en ratas Wistar albinas machos. Los animales se dividieron tres grupos: 1 (simulado), 2 (IR) y 3 (IR+PI). RESULTADOS: Los niveles de malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) y glutathione (GSH) no difirieron significativamente entre los grupos (p = 0.830, p = 0.153 y p = 0.140, respectivamente). Sin embargo, el grupo 3 tuvo un valor de estado antioxidante total (TAS) superior en comparación con el grupo 2 (p = 0.020). Al mismo tiempo, el grupo 3 presentó un estado oxidante total (TOS) medio significativamente disminuido en comparación con el grupo 2 (p = 0.009). El grupo 3 mostró una mejora notable en la puntuación de Johnsen en comparación con el grupo 2 (p < 0.01). La IR causó degeneración celular, apoptosis y fibrosis en los tejidos testiculares. El tratamiento con PI mitigó estos efectos, preservó la integridad de los túbulos seminíferos y promovió la espermatogénesis regular. Además, redujo la expresión de factor de necrosis tumoral alfa, Bax y anexina V, lo que significa una disminución de la inflamación y de la apoptosis, respaldando así la supervivencia celular (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 y p < 0.01, respectivamente). CONCLUSIONES: Este estudio reveló que PI reduce significativamente el estrés oxidativo y el daño testicular, beneficiando potencialmente las terapias para lesiones por IR.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Passiflora , Ratas Wistar , Daño por Reperfusión , Torsión del Cordón Espermático , Animales , Masculino , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/complicaciones , Torsión del Cordón Espermático/tratamiento farmacológico , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Ratas , Passiflora/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoterapia , Malondialdehído/análisis , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Testículo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Peroxidasa/análisis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Espermatogénesis/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Abstract The purpose of this study is to evaluate the preventive effects of Urtica dioica (UD) on muscle ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. A total of 27 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups as the control group (1), I/R + saline group (2), and I/R+UD group (3). Group 1 did not receive any treatment. Group 2 was administered a total of 2mL/kg saline (1mL/kg before ischemia and 1 mL/kg after reperfusion), and group 3 was given a total of 2mL of UD (1mL/kg before ischemia and 1mL/kg after reperfusion) as treatment. Saline and UD were administered via intraesophageal canula once a day for five days. At the end of five days, all the rats were exposed to muscle ischemia for 60 min followed by 60 min of reperfusion of the bilateral hindlimbs induced using a tourniquet. Muscle tissue histopathologies were evaluated by light microscopy. Furthermore, oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrotyrosine (3-NT), nitric oxide (NO), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) as an inflammatory marker in tissue samples were measured. UD treatment significantly decreased oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarker levels and MPO (p<0.05). We established that UD treatment could alleviate muscle injury induced by muscle I/R in rats by inhibiting the inflammation and oxidative/nitrosative stress
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Semillas/clasificación , Peroxidasa/análisis , Estrés Oxidativo , Urtica dioica/efectos adversos , Daño por Reperfusión/patologíaRESUMEN
SUMMARY: Formaldehyde (FA) is a toxic substance used frequently in the field of medicine as well as in many industrial areas. Especially people working in the field of anatomy, histology, and pathology are in high risk group because of the use of the FA. Studies showing the effects of FA on the cardiovascular system are few in number. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of FA exposure, which we believe can cause oxidative stress, on the heart and aorta with various biochemical analyses. A total of 24 Wistar Albino rats were used in our study. We divided the rats into 3 groups as the Control Group (CG), the group exposed to low-dose FA (avg. 1 ppm) (DDG) Group, and the group exposed to high-dose FA (avg. 10 ppm) (YDG). At the end of the subchronic FA exposure, the blood samples, heart and aorta tissues of the rats were taken and subjected to biochemical analyses. As a result of the analyses, statistically significant differences were detected between CG (2.96?0.85 ng/mg), and HDG (2.08?0.77 ng/mg) in aortic tissues in TXNIP analysis (p<0.05). In heart tissues, significant differences were detected between CG (0.73?0.27 ng/mg) and LDG (1.13?0.22 ng/mg) (p<0.05). Statistically significant differences were also detected between CG (1.98?0.31 mM/ml) and YDG (2.43?0.31 mM/ml) in serum MDA analyses (p<0.05). It was shown that subchronic application of FA to LDG rats through inhalation had no effects on apoptosis markers in heart tissues. More studies are required to show FA toxicity and the mechanism of action of pathology on the cardiovascular system. We believe that our study will contribute to clarifying the roles of mild and subchronic exposure of FA in heart and aortic tissues in terms of oxidative stress risk.
RESUMEN: El formaldehído es una sustancia tóxica que se utiliza con frecuencia en el campo de la medicina, así como en muchas áreas industriales. Especialmente las personas que trabajan en el area de la anatomía, y patología se encuentran en el grupo de alto riesgo debido al uso de esta sustancia. Pocos son los estudios que muestran los efectos del formaldehído en el sistema cardiovascular. El propósito del presente estudio fue investigar a través de análisis bioquímicos, los efectos de la exposición a formaldehído, que podría causar estrés oxidativo, en el corazón y la aorta. Se utilizaron un total de 24 ratas Albinas Wistar. Dividimos a las ratas en 3 grupos: grupo control (GC), grupo expuesto a dosis bajas de AG (promedio 1 ppm) (DDG) y grupo expuesto a dosis altas de AG (promedio 10 ppm) (YDG). Al término de la exposición a FA subcrónica, se tomaron muestras de sangre, tejido cardíaco y aorta de las ratas y se sometieron a análisis bioquímicos. Como resultado de los análisis, se detec- taron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre GC (2,96 ? 0,85 ng / mg) y HDG (2,08 ? 0,77 ng / mg) en los tejidos aórticos en el análisis TXNIP (p <0,05). En los tejidos cardíacos se detectaron diferencias significativas entre GC (0,73 ? 0,27 ng / mg) y LDG (1,13 ? 0,22 ng / mg) (p <0,05). También se detectaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre CG (1,98 ? 0,31 mM / ml) y YDG (2,43 ? 0,31 mM / ml) en los análisis de MDA en suero (p <0,05). Se demostró que la aplicación subcrónica de formaldehído a ratas LDG a través de la inhalación no tuvo efectos sobre los marcadores de apoptosis en los tejidos del corazón. Se requieren más estudios para demostrar la toxicidad de los AG y el mecanismo de acción de la patología en el sistema cardiovascular. Creemos que nuestro estudio contribuirá a aclarar las funciones de la exposición leve y subcrónica de formaldehído en los tejidos cardíacos y aórticos en términos de riesgo al estrés oxidativo.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratas , Aorta/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Formaldehído/farmacología , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Aorta/química , Tiorredoxinas/análisis , Fenómenos Bioquímicos , Inhalación , Ratas Wistar , Peroxidasa/análisis , Formaldehído/administración & dosificación , Hidroxiprolina/análisis , Miocardio/químicaRESUMEN
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are networks of decondensed chromatin loaded with antimicrobial peptides and enzymes produced against microorganisms or biochemical stimuli. Since their discovery, numerous studies made separately have revealed multiple triggers that induce similar NET morphologies allowing to classify them as lytic or non-lytic. However, the variability in NET composition depending on the inducer agent and the local milieu under similar conditions has been scarcely studied. In this work, a comparative study was conducted to evaluate structural and enzymatic divergences in NET composition induced by biochemical (phorbol myristate acetate [PMA] and hypochlorous acid [HOCl]) and microbiologic (Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) stimuli, along with the presence of plasma from healthy donors or patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The results showed a differential composition of DNA and the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin (LL37) and a variable enzymatic activity (neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G, myeloperoxidase) induced by the different stimuli despite showing morphologically similar NETs. Additionally, SLE plasma´s presence increased DNA and LL37 release during NET induction independently of the trigger stimulus but with no enzymatic activity differences. This work provides new evidence about NET composition variability depending on the inducer stimulus and the local milieu.
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Trampas Extracelulares/metabolismo , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/inmunología , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/análisis , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Candida albicans/inmunología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Catelicidinas/análisis , Catelicidinas/metabolismo , Catepsina G/análisis , Catepsina G/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Trampas Extracelulares/inmunología , Voluntarios Sanos , Humanos , Ácido Hipocloroso/inmunología , Elastasa de Leucocito/análisis , Elastasa de Leucocito/metabolismo , Lupus Eritematoso Sistémico/sangre , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Peroxidasa/análisis , Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Cultivo Primario de Células , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/inmunología , Staphylococcus aureus/inmunología , Acetato de Tetradecanoilforbol/inmunologíaRESUMEN
In this work, cashew apple pectin (CP) of the species Anacardium occidentale L. was used as an encapsulation matrix for hydrophobic drugs. The model drug chosen was mangiferin (Mf), a glycosylated C-xanthone which has antioxidant properties but low solubility in aqueous medium. CP (1-100 µg mL-1) was not toxic to human neutrophils and also did not significantly interfere with the pro-inflammatory mechanism of these cells in the concentration range of 12.5 and 100 µg mL-1. The results are promising because they show that pectin encapsulated mangiferin after spray drying presented an efficiency of 82.02%. The results obtained in the dissolution test, simulating the release of mangiferin in the gastrointestinal tract (pH 1.2, 4.6 and 6.8) and using Franz diffusion cells (pH 7.4), showed that cashew pectin may be a promising vehicle in prolonged drug delivery systems for both oral and dermal applications.
Asunto(s)
Anacardium/química , Portadores de Fármacos/administración & dosificación , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Pectinas/administración & dosificación , Secado por Pulverización , Xantonas/administración & dosificación , Cápsulas , Degranulación de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Química Analítica , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Difusión , Liberación de Fármacos , Frutas/química , Humanos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Pectinas/aislamiento & purificación , Peroxidasa/análisis , Solubilidad , ViscosidadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to estimate the effects of synbiotics on laboratory, macroscopic, and histopathologic features in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) experimental colitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 40 Wistar rats received 5% of DSS in their drinking water for 8 days to induce ulcerative colitis (UC). Eight rats were sacrificed to confirm the presence of UC. The remaining rats were randomly assigned to two groups: the synbiotics group, which received synbiotics once per day and the control group, which received tap water for another 8 days. RESULTS: On the 8th day of DSS administration animals developed UC with bloody diarrhea. In the majority of the hematologic variables studied (hemoglobin [HB], red blood cells, platelets, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular HB), in bodyweight and histopathologic colitis score there was no significant difference between groups. However, the synbiotics group, compared to control, presented a significantly greater colon length on the 4th day, significantly increased hematocrit (HT) on the 8th day, and a significantly decreased number of myeloperoxidase positive cells on the 8th day. Furthermore, there was a trend toward histopathological and clinical improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Administration of synbiotics in the experimental UC results in an attenuation of mucosal inflammatory neutrophil infiltration and an increase in HT.
OBJETIVO: Estimar los efectos de los simbióticos en la colitis experimental causada por dextrano sulfato de sodio (DSS). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Cuarenta ratas Wistar recibieron DSS al 5% en su agua de beber por 8 días para inducir colitis ulcerosa (CU). Ocho ratas fueron sacrificadas para confirmar la presencia de CU. Las ratas restantes fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a dos grupos: un grupo que recibió simbióticos una vez al día y un grupo control que recibió agua del grifo por 8 días. RESULTADOS: En el octavo día de la administración de DSS los animales desarrollaron CU con diarrea sanguinolenta. En la mayoría de las variables hematológicas estudiadas (hemoglobina, glóbulos rojos, plaquetas, volumen corpuscular medio, hemoglobina corpuscular media), en el peso corporal y en la clasificación histopatológica de la CU no hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Sin embargo, el grupo con simbióticos, en comparación con el grupo control, presentó una longitud del colon más larga en el cuarto día, un hematocrito muy aumentado en el octavo día y un número de células mieloperoxidasa positivas significativamente reducido en el octavo día. Además, hubo una tendencia hacia un mejoramiento histopatológico y clínico. CONCLUSIONES: La administración de simbióticos en la CU experimental tiene como resultado una atenuación de la infiltración inflamatoria de neutrófilos de la mucosa y un aumento del hematocrito.
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Colitis Ulcerosa/terapia , Hematócrito , Infiltración Neutrófila , Simbióticos/administración & dosificación , Animales , Peso Corporal , Colitis Ulcerosa/sangre , Colitis Ulcerosa/enzimología , Colitis Ulcerosa/patología , Colon/patología , Sulfato de Dextran , Recuento de Eritrocitos , Índices de Eritrocitos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hemoglobina A/análisis , Masculino , Neutrófilos/enzimología , Tamaño de los Órganos , Peroxidasa/análisis , Recuento de Plaquetas , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of bradykinin on reperfusion injury in an experimental intestinal ischemia reperfusion model. METHODS: We used 32 Wistar-Albino rats. We composed 4 groups each containing 8 rats. Rats in sham group were sacrified at 100 minutes observation after laparotomy. Thirty minutes reperfusion was performed following 50 minutes ischaemia in control group after observing 20 minutes. Ischaemic preconditioning was performed in one group of the study. We performed the other study group pharmacologic preconditioning by infusional administration of 10 µg/kg/minute bradykinin intravenously. We sacrified all of the rats by taking blood samples to evaluate the lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) after resection of jejunum for detecting tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. RESULTS: Lactate and LDH levels were significantly higher in control and study groups than the sham group (P<0.001). There is no difference between the study groups statistically. (P>0.05). The results were the same for MPO levels. Although definitive cell damage was determinated in the control group by hystopatological evaluation, the damage in the study groups observed was lower in different levels. However, there was no significant difference between the study groups statistically (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Either ischeamic preconditioning or pharmacologic preconditioning made by bradykinin reduced the ischemia reperfusion injury at jejunum.
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Bradiquinina/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Intestino Delgado/irrigación sanguínea , Precondicionamiento Isquémico/métodos , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Vasodilatadores/farmacología , Animales , Femenino , Laparotomía , Peroxidasa/análisis , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Wistar , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Abstract Purpose To investigate the effects of bradykinin on reperfusion injury in an experimental intestinal ischemia reperfusion model. Methods We used 32 Wistar-Albino rats. We composed 4 groups each containing 8 rats. Rats in sham group were sacrified at 100 minutes observation after laparotomy. Thirty minutes reperfusion was performed following 50 minutes ischaemia in control group after observing 20 minutes. Ischaemic preconditioning was performed in one group of the study. We performed the other study group pharmacologic preconditioning by infusional administration of 10 μg/kg/minute bradykinin intravenously. We sacrified all of the rats by taking blood samples to evaluate the lactate and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) after resection of jejunum for detecting tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Results Lactate and LDH levels were significantly higher in control and study groups than the sham group (P<0.001). There is no difference between the study groups statistically. (P>0.05). The results were the same for MPO levels. Although definitive cell damage was determinated in the control group by hystopatological evaluation, the damage in the study groups observed was lower in different levels. However, there was no significant difference between the study groups statistically (P>0.05). Conclusion Either ischeamic preconditioning or pharmacologic preconditioning made by bradykinin reduced the ischemia reperfusion injury at jejunum.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Vasodilatadores/farmacología , Bradiquinina/farmacología , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Precondicionamiento Isquémico/métodos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Intestino Delgado/efectos de los fármacos , Valores de Referencia , Factores de Tiempo , Distribución Aleatoria , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ratas Wistar , Peroxidasa/análisis , LaparotomíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of infliximab on the inflammation of the colonic mucosa devoid from fecal stream. METHODS: Twenty-four rats were submitted to a Hartmann's procedure. They remained for 12 weeks with the fecal derivation to development of diversion colitis on excluded colorectal stump. After this period, they were divided into 3 groups: one group received intervention with saline (2.0 mL / week), other group infliximab at doses of 5 mg/kg/week and the other 10 mg/kg/week for five consecutively weeks. Concluded the intervention period, the animals were euthanized to remove colon segments with and without fecal stream. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis and the degree of inflammation by validated score. The neutrophilic infiltrate was evaluated by tissue expression of myeloperoxidase identified by immunohistochemical. The tissue content of myeloperoxidase was measured by computer-assisted image analysis. RESULTS: The inflammatory score was high in colonic segments without fecal stream. The intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammatory score in excluded colonic segments. The content of myeloperoxidase was reduced in colonic segments of animals treated with infliximab mainly in high concentrations. CONCLUSION: Intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammation and the neutrophil infiltrate in colonic segments devoid of the fecal stream.
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Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/farmacología , Infliximab/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Colitis/patología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/patología , Heces , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Inmunohistoquímica , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/patología , Masculino , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidasa/análisis , Ratas Wistar , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of Picroside II on testicular ischemia and reperfusion (l/R) injury and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operated group (Sham), Sham with Picroside II treatment group (Sham+ Pic II), l/R group (l/R) and l/R with Picroside II treatment group (I/R+ Pic II). l/R model was established by rotating the left testis 720° in a clock-wise direction for 4 hours. The histopathologic and spermatogenetic evaluation was performed. The apoptosis changes and the levels of HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), MPO (myeloperoxidase), NOX (NADPH oxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), XO (xanthine oxidase) and NOS (nitric oxide synthase) were measured. RESULTS: The seminiferous tubules were damaged in l/R rats, but Picroside II alleviated the changes induced by l/R. The increased level of apoptosis was decreased by Picroside II (P=0.01, 9.05±0.35 vs. 4.85±0.25). The activities of HO-1, MPO, NOX, XO and MDA content were increased and the SOD activity was decreased in l/R (P<0.05) and could be reversed by Picroside II (P=0.03, 405.5±7.5 vs. 304±17U/mgprot; P=0.02, 0.99±0.05 vs. 0.52±0.04 mgprot; P=0.01, 260+7 vs. 189±2 mgprot; P=0.04, 10.95+0.55 vs. 8.75+0.35 U/mgprot; P=0.045, 6.8+0.7 vs. 3.75+0.35 mgprot; P=0.04, 44.5+3.5 vs. 57.5+3.5 mgprot). Western blot showed that the expression of iNOS, nNOS and eNOS were increased in l/R (P<0.05); however, they were decreased after Picroside II treatment (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Picroside II attenuated testicular I/R injury in rats mainly through suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress through reduction of nitric oxide synthesis.
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Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Cinamatos/farmacología , Glucósidos Iridoides/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico/biosíntesis , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Testículo/irrigación sanguínea , Animales , Western Blotting , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/análisis , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Masculino , Malondialdehído/análisis , NADP/análisis , Peroxidasa/análisis , Distribución Aleatoria , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Superóxido Dismutasa/análisis , Testículo/patología , Xantina Oxidasa/análisisRESUMEN
Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of Picroside II on testicular ischemia and reperfusion (l/R) injury and the underlying mechanism. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham operated group (Sham), Sham with Picroside II treatment group (Sham+ Pic II), l/R group (l/R) and l/R with Picroside II treatment group (I/R+ Pic II). l/R model was established by rotating the left testis 720° in a clock-wise direction for 4 hours. The histopathologic and spermatogenetic evaluation was performed. The apoptosis changes and the levels of HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1), MPO (myeloperoxidase), NOX (NADPH oxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase), XO (xanthine oxidase) and NOS (nitric oxide synthase) were measured. Results: The seminiferous tubules were damaged in l/R rats, but Picroside II alleviated the changes induced by l/R. The increased level of apoptosis was decreased by Picroside II (P=0.01, 9.05±0.35 vs. 4.85±0.25). The activities of HO-1, MPO, NOX, XO and MDA content were increased and the SOD activity was decreased in l/R (P<0.05) and could be reversed by Picroside II (P=0.03, 405.5±7.5 vs. 304±17U/mgprot; P=0.02, 0.99±0.05 vs. 0.52±0.04 mgprot; P=0.01, 260+7 vs. 189±2 mgprot; P=0.04, 10.95+0.55 vs. 8.75+0.35 U/mgprot; P=0.045, 6.8+0.7 vs. 3.75+0.35 mgprot; P=0.04, 44.5+3.5 vs. 57.5+3.5 mgprot). Western blot showed that the expression of iNOS, nNOS and eNOS were increased in l/R (P<0.05); however, they were decreased after Picroside II treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Picroside II attenuated testicular I/R injury in rats mainly through suppressing apoptosis and oxidative stress through reduction of nitric oxide synthesis.
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Animales , Masculino , Testículo/irrigación sanguínea , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Cinamatos/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Glucósidos Iridoides/farmacología , Óxido Nítrico/biosíntesis , Daño por Reperfusión/metabolismo , Daño por Reperfusión/patología , Distribución Aleatoria , Western Blotting , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Peroxidasa/análisis , Etiquetado Corte-Fin in Situ , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/análisis , Malondialdehído/análisis , NADP/análisisRESUMEN
Abstract Citrus fruit production occupies a place of considerable importance in the economy of the world including Pakistan. Tristeza disease caused by Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) exists in various forms that may or may not cause symptoms in the plants. The bioactive compounds and antioxidants are naturally present in plants and provide a defense mechanism that is generally accelerated in response to a stress. The objective of the present study was to target and analyze the citrus plants that were CTV positive to observe the changes in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of citrus (Sweet Oranges only). It was observed that in response to CTV infection, both the non-enzymatic antioxidants (total flavonoid, ascorbic acid, phenolic acid) and enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) activities showed an increasing trend overall. The profiling of antioxidants in response to a viral infection may help in the discovery of new biomarkers that can be used as a monitoring tool in disease management.
Resumo As frutas cítricas ocupam um lugar de considerável importância na economia do Paquistão, assim como o resto do mundo. A doença da tristeza causada pelo Vírus da Tristeza dos Citros (CTV) existe em várias formas que podem ou não apresentar sintomas nas plantas. Os compostos bioativos e antioxidantes estão naturalmente presentes nas plantas e fornecem um mecanismo de defesa que é geralmente acelerado em resposta a um estresse. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as alterações causadas pelo CTV nos antioxidantes enzimáticos e não enzimáticos de laranjas doces. Foi observado que, em resposta ao ataque de CTV, os antioxidantes não enzimáticos como flavonoides totais, ácido ascórbico, ácido fenólico e antioxidantes enzimáticos, como as atividades de catalase, superóxido dismutase e peroxidase, geralmente mostram uma tendência crescente. O perfil de antioxidantes em resposta a um ataque viral pode ajudar na descoberta de novos biomarcadores que podem ser usados como uma ferramenta de monitoramento no gerenciamento de doenças.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Plantas/prevención & control , Enfermedades de las Plantas/virología , Closterovirus/fisiología , Citrus sinensis/enzimología , Citrus sinensis/química , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/clasificación , Ácido Ascórbico/análisis , Flavonoides/análisis , Catalasa/análisis , Peroxidasa/análisisRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced pulmonary/hepatic injury. METHODS: Fifty-one Wistar rats were randomly grouped into sham, I/R, and sevoflurane groups. After reperfusion, the structural change of the lung was measured by Smith score, the wet and dry weights (W/D) were determined, malondialdehyde (MDA) myeloperoxidase (MPO) content was determined colorimetrically and by fluorescence, respectively, and matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) mRNA was quantified by RT-PCR. Biopsy and morphological analyses were performed on liver tissue, activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level was determined. RESULTS: The sham group showed no changes in tissue structure. Structural lesions in the sevoflurane and I/R groups were mild and severe, respectively. Smith score, W/D, MDA, MPO, and MMP mRNA showed the same trend, and were increased in the I/R group and recovered in the sevoflurane group, compared with the sham group (both P<0.05). AST and ALT were significantly increased compared to the sham group (AST: 655±52.06 vs . 29±9.30 U/L; ALT: 693±75.56 vs . 37±6.71 U/L; P<0.05). In the sevoflurane group, AST and ALT levels were significantly decreased (464±47.71 and 516±78.84 U/L; P<0.001). TNF-α presented similar results. CONCLUSION: The protection of lung and liver by sevoflurane may be mediated by inhibited leukocyte recruitment and MMP-9 secretion.
Asunto(s)
Anestésicos por Inhalación/uso terapéutico , Precondicionamiento Isquémico/métodos , Hígado/irrigación sanguínea , Pulmón/irrigación sanguínea , Daño por Reperfusión/prevención & control , Sevoflurano/uso terapéutico , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Animales , Aspartato Aminotransferasas/sangre , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Isquemia/prevención & control , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/patología , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Pulmón/patología , Masculino , Malondialdehído/análisis , Peroxidasa/análisis , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Daño por Reperfusión/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the effects of infliximab on the inflammation of the colonic mucosa devoid from fecal stream. Methods: Twenty-four rats were submitted to a Hartmann's procedure. They remained for 12 weeks with the fecal derivation to development of diversion colitis on excluded colorectal stump. After this period, they were divided into 3 groups: one group received intervention with saline (2.0 mL / week), other group infliximab at doses of 5 mg/kg/week and the other 10 mg/kg/week for five consecutively weeks. Concluded the intervention period, the animals were euthanized to remove colon segments with and without fecal stream. Colitis was diagnosed by histological analysis and the degree of inflammation by validated score. The neutrophilic infiltrate was evaluated by tissue expression of myeloperoxidase identified by immunohistochemical. The tissue content of myeloperoxidase was measured by computer-assisted image analysis. Results: The inflammatory score was high in colonic segments without fecal stream. The intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammatory score in excluded colonic segments. The content of myeloperoxidase was reduced in colonic segments of animals treated with infliximab mainly in high concentrations. Conclusion: Intervention with infliximab reduced the inflammation and the neutrophil infiltrate in colonic segments devoid of the fecal stream.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/farmacología , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Infliximab/farmacología , Factores de Tiempo , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunohistoquímica , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Ratas Wistar , Colitis/patología , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/patología , Peroxidasa/análisis , Infiltración Neutrófila/efectos de los fármacos , Heces , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/patologíaRESUMEN
Obese patients are at higher risk of developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); however, their survival rates are also higher compared to those of similarly ill non-obese patients. We hypothesized that obesity would not only prevent lung inflammation, but also reduce remodeling in moderate endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Obesity was induced by early postnatal overfeeding in Wistar rats in which the litter size was reduced to 3 pups/litter (Obese, n = 18); Control animals (n = 18) were obtained from unculled litters. On postnatal day 150, Control, and Obese animals randomly received E. coli lipopolysaccharide (ALI) or saline (SAL) intratracheally. After 24 h, echocardiography, lung function and morphometry, and biological markers in lung tissue were evaluated. Additionally, mediator expression in neutrophils and macrophages obtained from blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was analyzed. Compared to Control-SAL animals, Control-ALI rats showed no changes in echocardiographic parameters, increased lung elastance and resistance, higher monocyte phagocytic capacity, collagen fiber content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, and levels of interleukin (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-ß, and type III (PCIII), and I (PCI) procollagen in lung tissue, as well as increased expressions of TNF-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in blood and BALF neutrophils. Monocyte (blood) and macrophage (adipose tissue) phagocytic capacities were lower in Obese-ALI compared to Control-ALI animals, and Obese animals exhibited reduced neutrophil migration compared to Control. Obese-ALI animals, compared to Obese-SAL, exhibited increased interventricular septum thickness (p = 0.003) and posterior wall thickness (p = 0.003) and decreased pulmonary acceleration time to pulmonary ejection time ratio (p = 0.005); no changes in lung mechanics, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-ß, PCIII, and PCI in lung tissue; increased IL-10 levels in lung homogenate (p = 0.007); reduced MCP-1 expression in blood neutrophils (p = 0.009); decreased TNF-α expression in blood (p = 0.02) and BALF (p = 0.008) neutrophils; and increased IL-10 expression in monocytes (p = 0.004). In conclusion, after endotoxin challenge, obese rats showed less deterioration of lung function, secondary to anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects, as well as changes in neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage phenotype in blood and BALF compared to Control rats.
Asunto(s)
Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/fisiopatología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Neumonía/fisiopatología , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/inducido químicamente , Lesión Pulmonar Aguda/etiología , Animales , Líquido del Lavado Bronquioalveolar , Quimiotaxis de Leucocito , Colágeno/metabolismo , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Citocinas/genética , Femenino , Fibrosis , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Tabiques Cardíacos/patología , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Macrófagos/inmunología , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Masculino , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Neutrófilos/metabolismo , Obesidad/complicaciones , Hipernutrición/complicaciones , Peroxidasa/análisis , Fagocitosis , Neumonía/inducido químicamente , Edema Pulmonar/inducido químicamente , Edema Pulmonar/fisiopatología , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
O leite é um alimento considerado altamente perecível, devido a sua composição de nutrientes, favorecendo assim, a multiplicação microbiana. Quando armazenado e produzido em condições inadequadas, representam um grande risco à saúde do consumidor. Desta forma, se faz necessário que o leite seja tratado termicamente. Diante disto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a pasteurização de leites com selo de inspeção produzidos no estado de Sergipe através da pesquisa das enzimas fosfatase alcalina e peroxidase. Foram coletadas 10 amostras de leite pasteurizado, optando-se por fabricantes devidamente registrados ao Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF) ou Serviço de Inspeção Estadual (SIE) produzidos no estado de Sergipe. Os resultados obtidos nas amostras do leite pasteurizado demonstraram perfil enzimático satisfatório, ou seja, foi constatada a inativação da fosfatase alcalina, e a atividade da peroxidase, indicando assim que o leite foi corretamente pasteurizado.
Asunto(s)
Fosfatasa Alcalina/análisis , Leche/química , Pasteurización , Peroxidasa/análisis , Inspección de Alimentos , Calidad de los AlimentosRESUMEN
O leite é um alimento considerado altamente perecível, devido a sua composição de nutrientes, favorecendo assim, a multiplicação microbiana. Quando armazenado e produzido em condições inadequadas, representam um grande risco à saúde do consumidor. Desta forma, se faz necessário que o leite seja tratado termicamente. Diante disto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a pasteurização de leites com selo de inspeção produzidos no estado de Sergipe através da pesquisa das enzimas fosfatase alcalina e peroxidase. Foram coletadas 10 amostras de leite pasteurizado, optando-se por fabricantes devidamente registrados ao Serviço de Inspeção Federal (SIF) ou Serviço de Inspeção Estadual (SIE) produzidos no estado de Sergipe. Os resultados obtidos nas amostras do leite pasteurizado demonstraram perfil enzimático satisfatório, ou seja, foi constatada a inativação da fosfatase alcalina, e a atividade da peroxidase, indicando assim que o leite foi corretamente pasteurizado.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Pasteurización , Leche/química , Fosfatasa Alcalina/análisis , Peroxidasa/análisis , Calidad de los Alimentos , Inspección de AlimentosRESUMEN
Citrus fruit production occupies a place of considerable importance in the economy of the world including Pakistan. Tristeza disease caused by Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV) exists in various forms that may or may not cause symptoms in the plants. The bioactive compounds and antioxidants are naturally present in plants and provide a defense mechanism that is generally accelerated in response to a stress. The objective of the present study was to target and analyze the citrus plants that were CTV positive to observe the changes in the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of citrus (Sweet Oranges only). It was observed that in response to CTV infection, both the non-enzymatic antioxidants (total flavonoid, ascorbic acid, phenolic acid) and enzymatic antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase) activities showed an increasing trend overall. The profiling of antioxidants in response to a viral infection may help in the discovery of new biomarkers that can be used as a monitoring tool in disease management.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Citrus sinensis , Closterovirus/fisiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/clasificación , Ácido Ascórbico/análisis , Catalasa/análisis , Citrus sinensis/química , Citrus sinensis/enzimología , Flavonoides/análisis , Peroxidasa/análisis , Enfermedades de las Plantas/prevención & control , Enfermedades de las Plantas/virologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ducrosia anethifolia has been recommended as a remedy for neurological disorders. However, the anticonvulsant effects of D. anethifolia essential oil (DAEO) and its major constituent α-pinene have not yet been clarified. METHODS: A rat model of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions was used. Oxidant and antioxidant parameters were assayed in the temporal lobe. RESULTS: The data showed that DAEO (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, i.p.) and α-pinene (0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg i.p.) delayed the initiation time, and reduced the duration of myoclonic and tonic-clonic seizures following PTZ injection. The PTZ produced oxidative stress so that malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide levels were increased and catalase and peroxidase activity decreased. Pretreatment with DAEO and α-pinene significantly inhibited the above-mentioned enzymatic changes in PTZ-treated animals. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that α-pinene, at teast in part, was responsible for the induction of the anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects of DAEO in rats.