RESUMEN

In this study, we investigated how different proportions blends of Rhamnogalacturonan-I pectic polysaccharides and hesperidin impact the gut microbiota and metabolites using an in vitro simulated digestion and fermentation model. The results indicated that both of them could modulate the gut microbiota and produce beneficial metabolites. However, their blends in particular proportions (such as 1:1) exhibited remarkable synergistic effects on modulating the intestinal microenvironment, surpassing the effects observed with individual components. Specifically, these blends could benefit the host by increasing short-chain fatty acids production (such as acetate), improving hesperidin bioavailability, producing more metabolites (such as hesperetin, phenolic acids), and promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria. This synergistic and additive effect was inseparable from the role of gut microbiota. Certain beneficial bacteria, such as Blautia, Faecalibacterium, and Prevotella, exhibited strong preferences for those blends, thereby contributing to host health through participating in carbohydrate and flavonoid metabolism.

Asunto(s)

Bacterias , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hesperidina , Pectinas , Hesperidina/farmacología , Hesperidina/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/metabolismo , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Pectinas/metabolismo , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/farmacología , Fermentación , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/metabolismo , Polisacáridos/química , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Digestión , Modelos Biológicos

RESUMEN

Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng) is a medicinal plant widely used for promoting longevity. Recently, homogalacturonan (HG) domain-rich pectins purified from some plants have been reported to have anti-aging-related activities, leading us to explore the longevity-promoting activity of the HG pectins from ginseng. In this study, we discovered that two of low methyl-esterified ginseng HG pectins (named as WGPA-2-HG and WGPA-3-HG), whose degree of methyl-esterification (DM) was 16 % and 8 % respectively, promoted longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Results showed that WGPA-2-HG/WGPA-3-HG impaired insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signalling (IIS) pathway, thereby increasing the nuclear accumulation of transcription factors SKN-1/Nrf2 and DAF-16/FOXO and enhancing the expression of relevant anti-aging genes. BLI and ITC analysis showed that the insulin-receptor binding, the first step to activate IIS pathway, was impeded by the engagement of WGPA-2-HG/WGPA-3-HG with insulin. By chemical modifications, we found that high methyl-esterification of WGPA-2-HG/WGPA-3-HG was detrimental for their longevity-promoting activity. These findings provided novel insight into the precise molecular mechanism for the longevity-promoting effect of ginseng pectins, and suggested a potential to utilize the ginseng HG pectins with appropriate DM values as natural nutrients for increasing human longevity.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans , Caenorhabditis elegans , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina , Insulina , Longevidad , Panax , Pectinas , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Caenorhabditis elegans/efectos de los fármacos , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Panax/química , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Pectinas/farmacología , Pectinas/metabolismo , Pectinas/química , Longevidad/efectos de los fármacos , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Insulina/metabolismo , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Esterificación

RESUMEN

Gelation is a critical property of citrus pectin. However, the roles played by neutral sugar side-chains on acid-induced pectin gelation remain poorly understood. Herein, galactan- or/and arabinan-eliminated pectins (P-G, P-A, and P-AG) were used to investigate the effects of side-chains on gelation. The gel hardness values of citrus pectin, P-G, P-A, and P-AG were 42.6, 39.9, 5.3, and 2.1 g, respectively, suggesting that arabinan contributed more to gelation than galactan. We next found that arabinan branches promoted pectin chain entanglement more effectively than arabinan backbones. Destabilizer addition experiments showed that hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, and hydrophobic interaction were the main forces affecting pectin gel networks and strength, which was further validated by molecular dynamic simulations. The total number of hydrogen bonds between the arabinan branches and galactan/HG (65.7) was significantly higher than that between the arabinan backbones and galactan/HG (39.1), indicating that arabinan branches predominated in terms of such interactions. This study thus elucidated the roles played by neutral-sugar side-chains, especially the arabinan branches of acid-induced pectin gels, in term of enhancing high-methoxyl pectin gelation, and offers novel insights into the structure-gelling relationships of citrus pectin.

Asunto(s)

Geles , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Pectinas , Pectinas/química , Geles/química , Polisacáridos/química , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Citrus/química , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas

RESUMEN

Incorporating 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) into a colon-specific carrier is crucial for treating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), as it enhances therapeutic efficacy, targets the affected regions directly, and minimizes side effects. This study evaluated the impact of incorporating cellulose nanofibers (CNF) on the in vitro and in vivo biological performance of retrograded starch/pectin (RS/P) microparticles (MPs) containing 5-ASA. Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, shifts in the spectra of retrograded samples containing CNF were observed with increasing CNF proportions, suggesting the establishment of new supramolecular interactions. Liquid absorption exhibited pH-dependent behaviors, with reduced absorption in simulated gastric fluid (∼269 %) and increased absorption in simulated colonic fluid (∼662 %). Increasing CNF concentrations enhanced mucoadhesion in porcine colonic sections, with a maximum force of 3.4 N at 50 % CNF. Caco-2 cell viability tests showed biocompatibility across all tested concentrations (0.0625-2.0000 mg/mL). Evaluation of intestinal permeability in Caco-2 cell monolayers demonstrated up to a tenfold increase in 5-ASA permeation, ranging from 29 % to 48 %. An in vivo study using Galleria mellonella larvae, with inflammation induced by LPS, showed reduction of inflammation. Given the scalability of spray-drying, these findings suggest the potential of CNF-incorporated RS/P microparticles for targeted 5-ASA delivery in IBD.

Asunto(s)

Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino , Mesalamina , Nanofibras , Pectinas , Almidón , Mesalamina/química , Mesalamina/farmacología , Mesalamina/administración & dosificación , Animales , Células CACO-2 , Humanos , Enfermedades Inflamatorias del Intestino/tratamiento farmacológico , Nanofibras/química , Nanofibras/toxicidad , Porcinos , Pectinas/química , Almidón/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/metabolismo , Colon/patología , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

A complex heteropolysaccharide SCP-2 named schisanan B (Mw = 1.005 × 105 g/mol) was obtained from water extracts of Schisandra chinensis fruits, and its planar structure was finally deduced as a galacturonoglucan by a combination of monosaccharide compositions, methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis and 1D/2D-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The conformation of SCP-2 exhibited a globular shape with branching in ammonium formate aqueous solutions. The rheological properties of SCP-2 were investigated on concentrations, temperature, pH and salts. The in vitro immunomodulatory activity assay demonstrated that SCP-2 significantly enhanced the production of nitric oxide (NO) and stimulated the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in macrophages. Through a combination of high-resolution live-cell imaging, surface plasmon resonance, and molecular docking techniques, SCP-2 exhibited a strong binding affinity with the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Moreover, western blot analysis revealed that SCP-2 effectively induced downstream signaling proteins associated with TLR4 activation, thereby promoting macrophage activation. The evidence strongly indicates that TLR4 functions as a membrane protein target in the activation of macrophages and immune regulation induced by SCP-2.

Asunto(s)

Frutas , Reología , Schisandra , Receptor Toll-Like 4 , Schisandra/química , Ratones , Frutas/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Animales , Receptor Toll-Like 4/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Pectinas/química , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Glucanos/química , Interleucina-6/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Hyperspectral microscope imaging (HMI) technique was employed to assess the changes in physicochemical parameters and microstructure of 'Golden Delicious' apples flesh during storage. Four regions of interest (ROIs), including whole-cell ROI, intercellular space ROI, cytoplasm ROI, and cell wall ROI were investigated to assess their relationships with physicochemical parameters. Different ROIs presented similar vibrational profiles, but with slight differences in spectral intensity, especially in the range of 800-1000 nm. Spectral angle mapper (SAM) was applied to the HMI of apple tissues at different storage stages to clearly show the structural changes of parenchyma cells, while principal component analysis (PCA) could highlight the distribution of sugars, water and pigments in apple flesh at the cellular scale. Simultaneously with the degradation of acid-soluble pectin (ASP), middle lamella dissolution and increased intercellular space were observed using SEM and TEM. Single feature variables were used to construct linear models based on pearson correlation analysis, with R2 of 0.96 for moisture at 982 nm, 0.85 for water-soluble pectin (WSP) at 420 nm, 0.82 for L* at 946 nm, 0.77 for soluble solids content (SSC) at 484 nm, and 0.66 for firmness at 490 nm. This work demonstrated the great potential of HMI technology as a fast, accurate and efficient solution for assessing the quality of 'Golden Delicious' apples.

Asunto(s)

Frutas , Imágenes Hiperespectrales , Malus , Pectinas , Malus/química , Frutas/química , Imágenes Hiperespectrales/métodos , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/análisis , Análisis de Componente Principal , Microscopía/métodos , Almacenamiento de Alimentos/métodos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Pared Celular/química

RESUMEN

Probiotics and polyphenols have multiple bioactivities, and developing co-encapsulated microcapsules (CM) is a novel strategy to enhance their nutritional diversity. However, the development of CMs is challenged by complicated processing, single types, and unclear in vivo effects and applications. In this study, the co-microencapsulations of polyphenol and probiotic were constructed using pectin, alginate (WGCA@LK), and Fu brick tea polysaccharides (WGCF@LK), respectively, with chitosan-whey isolate proteins by layer-by-layer coacervation reaction, and their protective effects, in vivo effectiveness, and application potential were evaluated. WGCA@LK improved the encapsulation rate of polyphenols (42.41 %), and remained high viability of probiotics after passing through gastric acidic environment (8.79 ± 0.04 log CFU/g) and storage for 4 weeks (4.59 ± 0.06 log CFU/g). WGCF@LK exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity (19.40 ± 0.25 µmol/mL) and its prebiotic activity removed the restriction on probiotic growth. WGCA@LK showed strong in vitro colonic adhesion, but WGCF@LK promoted in vivo retention of probiotics at 48 h. WGCF@LK showed excellent anti-inflammatory effects and alleviated symptoms of acute colitis in mice. These findings provide unique insights into the fortification of probiotic-polyphenol CMs by different polysaccharides and the development of novel health foods with rich functional hierarchies and superior therapeutic effects.

Asunto(s)

Cápsulas , Colitis , Polifenoles , Polisacáridos , Probióticos , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Probióticos/química , Animales , Polifenoles/química , Polifenoles/farmacología , Colitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Colitis/inducido químicamente , Ratones , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Alimentos Fortificados , Alginatos/química , Alginatos/farmacología , Masculino , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/farmacología , Té/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Quitosano/química , Sulfato de Dextran/química , Composición de Medicamentos/métodos

RESUMEN

Microcarriers for large-scale cell culture have a broader prospect in cell screening compared with the traditional high cost, low efficiency, and cell damaging methods. However, the equal biological affinity to cells has hindered its application. Therefore, based on the antifouling strategy of zwitterionic polymer, we developed a cell-specific microcarrier (CSMC) for shielding non-target cells and capturing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which has characteristics of high biocompatibility, low background noise and high precision. Briefly, [2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide and glycidyl methacrylate were grafted onto polygalacturonic acid, respectively. The former built a hydration layer through solvation to provide an excellent antifouling surface, while the latter provided active sites for the click reaction with sulfhydryl-modified cell-specific peptides, resulting in rapid immobilization of peptides. This method is applicable to the vast majority of polysaccharide materials. The accurate capture ratio of MSCs by CSMC in a mixed multicellular environment is >95 % and the proliferation rate of MSCs on microcarriers is satisfactory. In summary, this grafting strategy of bioactive components lays a foundation for the application of polysaccharide materials in the biomedical field, and the specific adhesive microcarriers also open up new ideas for the development of stem cell screening as well.

Asunto(s)

Células Madre Mesenquimatosas , Pectinas , Péptidos , Células Madre Mesenquimatosas/citología , Pectinas/química , Péptidos/química , Metacrilatos/química , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Compuestos Epoxi/química , Humanos , Animales , Materiales Biocompatibles/química

RESUMEN

High methyl-esterified citrus pectin (HMCP) is often used as a thickness in food products and is considered a poor emulsifier, especially in neutral pH solutions. Our previous findings show that the emulsifying capacity of HMCP could be significantly enhanced by calcium cations. Besides, the pH of the solution decreased in the presence of calcium cations. However, the impact of solution pH on HMCP emulsifying capacity in the presence of calcium cations is unclear. In this study, the pH of the HMCP solution was adjusted from 3.00 to 8.00 before adding calcium cations. The solution properties and emulsifying properties were analyzed in light of the existence of calcium cations. The results showed that the pH of the HMCP solutions decreased after bringing calcium cations into them. Calcium cations could change the solution rheological properties, particle size distributions and morphologies, and the particle microenvironmental hydrophobic areas in HMCP solutions while increasing the pH of HMCP solutions, contributing to improving the emulsifying capacity of HMCP. HMCP had the best emulsifying ability when the pH of the HMCP solutions was kept at a neutral level. This research gives us new ideas to adjust the emulsifying property of HMCP.

Asunto(s)

Calcio , Emulsionantes , Pectinas , Pectinas/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Calcio/química , Emulsionantes/química , Reología , Emulsiones/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Cationes/química , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Esterificación , Citrus/química

RESUMEN

This study investigated the structural composition and antioxidant properties of pectic polysaccharides extracted from Rohdea japonica (Thunb.) Roth. Pectins, which belong to a complex category of acidic polysaccharides, possess a wide range of biological effects stemming from their distinctive structural domains. The polysaccharides were extracted using water, and were subsequently purified through ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. In order to elucidate their structural features, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance techniques were applied. Two specific polysaccharides, WRJP-A2a and WRJP-A3b, with molecular weights of 42.7 kDa and 64.1 kDa, respectively, were identified to contain varying proportions of homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I, and rhamnogalacturonan II domains. Regarding antioxidant capacity, WRJP-A3b exhibited superior scavenging capabilities against DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl radicals, potentially attributed to its higher galacturonic acid content and abundance of homogalacturonan domains. These results enhance our comprehension of the structure-activity interplay of pectic polysaccharides sourced from Rohdea japonica (Thunb.) Roth and their potential utility in the healthcare and functional food sectors.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes , Pectinas , Polisacáridos , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Peso Molecular , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Picratos/química , Picratos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Ácidos Hexurónicos

RESUMEN

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is a plant of industrial importance, its fibres being presently used for high-value textile applications, composite reinforcements as well as natural actuators. Human interest in this fibre-rich plant dates back several millennia, including to Ancient Egypt where flax was used extensively in various quotidian items. While the recent technical developments of flax fibres continue to diversify through scientific research, the historical use of flax also has rich lessons for today. Through careful examination of ancient Egyptian and modern flax fibres, this study aims to conduct a multi-scale characterization from the yarn to the fibre cell wall scale, linking differences in structure and polysaccharide content to the mechanical performance and durability of flax. Here, a multi-scale biochemical study is enriched by scanning electron microscopy and nanomechanical investigations. A key finding is the similarity of cellulose features, crystallinity index and local mechanical performances between ancient and modern fibres. Biochemically speaking, monosaccharides analysis, deep-UV and NMR investigations demonstrate that ancient fibres exhibit less pectins but a similar hemicellulosic content, especially through uronic acids and galactose, suggesting the sensitivity of these non-crystalline components.

Asunto(s)

Pared Celular , Lino , Polisacáridos , Lino/química , Pared Celular/química , Polisacáridos/química , Celulosa/química , Ácidos Urónicos/química , Ácidos Urónicos/análisis , Egipto , Pectinas/química , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo

RESUMEN

In this work we developed an eco-friendly valorisation of Citrus wastes (CWs), through a solvent-assisted ultrasonication extraction technique, thus having access to a wide range of bio-active compounds and polysaccharides, extremely useful in different industrial sectors (food, cosmetics, nutraceutical). Water-based low-amplitude ultrasonication was examined as a potential method for pectin extraction as well as polar and non-polar citrus extractives (CEs), among which hesperidin and triglycerides of 18 carbon fatty acids were found to be the most representative ones. In addition, citric acid:glycerol (1:4)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) in combination with ultrasonic extraction was utilized to extract microcellulose (CMC), from which stable cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with glycerol-assisted high amplitude ultrasonication were obtained. The physical and chemical properties of the extracted polysaccharides (pectin, micro and nanocellulose) were analysed through DLS, ζ-potential, XRD, HP-SEC, SEM, AFM, TGA-DSC, FTIR, NMR, and PMP-HPLC analyses. The putative structure of the extracted citrus pectin (CP) was analysed and elucidated through enzyme-assisted hydrolysis in correlation with ESI-MS and monosaccharide composition. The developed extraction methods are expected to influence the industrial process for the valorisation of CWs and implement the circular bio-economy.

Asunto(s)

Celulosa , Citrus , Residuos Industriales , Nanopartículas , Pectinas , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/aislamiento & purificación , Citrus/química , Celulosa/química , Nanopartículas/química , Residuos Industriales/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Sonicación/métodos , Hesperidina/química , Hesperidina/aislamiento & purificación

RESUMEN

This study aimed to investigate the structural characteristics and intracellular mechanisms of polysaccharides (MP-PE-I) purified from a crabapple (Malus prunifolia) enzymatic hydrolysate (MP-PE). Activity-guided fractionation revealed that MP-PE-I was the active moiety and significantly reduced the production and gene expression of pro-inflammatory factors in interleukin (IL)-1ß-treated intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2). Moreover, MP-PE-I downregulated the phosphorylation and nuclear localization of proteins involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways, as evidenced by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analysis. In antagonistic studies with specific inhibitors of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, IL-6 inhibition was significantly regulated by p38; IL-8 by IκBα, JNK, and p38; and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) by JNK, p38, and ERK. Additionally, MP-PE-I significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of IL-1 receptor type 1. Chemical and structural characteristic analyses showed that MP-PE-I is a polysaccharide rich in rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-I and plays a crucial role in intestinal immunomodulation. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the intestinal immunomodulatory activity, intracellular mechanisms, and structural characteristics of RG-I-rich polysaccharides isolated from crabapples.

Asunto(s)

Interleucina-1beta , Pectinas , Polisacáridos , Pectinas/farmacología , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Polisacáridos/farmacología , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/metabolismo , Células CACO-2 , Células Epiteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Células Epiteliales/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Hidrólisis , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo

RESUMEN

The soy hull polysaccharide (SHP) exhibits excellent interfacial activity and holds potential as an emulsifier for emulsions. To reveal the behavior of SHP at the water/oil (W/O) interface in situ, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and particle tracking microrheology were used in this study. The results of MD reveal that SHP molecular spontaneously move toward the interface and rhamnogalacturonan-I initiates this movement, while its galacturonic acids on it act as anchors to immobilize the SHP molecules at the W/O interface. Microrheology results suggest that SHP forms microgels at the W/O interface, with the lattices of the microgels continually undergoing dynamic changes. At low concentrations of SHP and short interfacial formation time, the network of the microgels is weak and dominated by viscous properties. However, when SHP reaches 0.75 % and the interfacial formation time is about 60 min, the microgels show perfect elasticity, which is beneficial for stabilizing emulsions.

Asunto(s)

Emulsiones , Glycine max , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Polisacáridos , Reología , Agua , Agua/química , Glycine max/química , Polisacáridos/química , Emulsiones/química , Aceites/química , Viscosidad , Pectinas/química , Microgeles/química

RESUMEN

In recent years, the wine industry has shifted towards plant-based fining agents for food safety reasons and consumer preferences. This study analysed the interaction of five plant fibers with red wine phenolic compounds to determinate their performance as fining agents. Chemical composition, polysaccharide profile, and physical properties were examined. Pea, cellulose, and Sauvignon Blanc pomace fibers effectively reduced tannin content while minimally affecting the concentration of anthocyanins, flavonols and wine color. Contrary to previous beliefs, the presence of pectins in fibers didn't play a crucial role in phenolic compound interaction since cellulose-rich fibers with low pectin concentration also bound tannins effectively, especially those with small particle size and high contact surface. Pea fiber, rich in cellulose and pectins, showed remarkable tannin retention while minimally affecting wine color. This research highlights the potential of plant fibers as effective fining agents in wine production and how their composition affects their performance.

Asunto(s)

Vino , Vino/análisis , Taninos/química , Taninos/análisis , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/análisis , Antocianinas/química , Antocianinas/análisis , Vitis/química , Color , Pisum sativum/química , Pectinas/química

RESUMEN

The present study reports the green synthesis of pectin-fabricated silver nanocomposites (Pectin-AgNPs) using Carpesium nepalense leaves extract, evaluating their bactericidal kinetics, in vivo hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic potentials along with possible mechanisms. GC/MS and LC/MS analyses revealed novel phytochemicals in the plant extract. The Pectin-AgNPs were characterized using UV/Vis, AFM, SEM, TEM, DLS, FTIR, and EDX techniques, showing a spherical morphology with a uniform size range of 50-110 nm. Significant antibacterial activity (P < 0.005) was found against four bacterial strains with ZIs of 4.1 ± 0.15 to 27.2 ± 3.84 mm. AFM studies revealed significant bacterial cell membrane damage post-treatment. At 0.05 mg/kg, the nanocomposites showed significant (P < 0.005) hepatoprotective activity in biochemical and histopathology analyses compared to the CCl4 control group. Pectin-AgNPs significantly reduced (P < 0.005) LDH, AST, ALT, ALP, and DB levels. qPCR analysis showed ameliorative effects on PPARs and Nrf2 gene expression, restoring gene alterations caused by CCl4 intoxication. In vivo acute toxicity studies confirmed low toxicity of Pectin-AgNPs in major organs. Pectin-AgNPs exhibited cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell lines at higher doses with an LC50 of 223.7 µg/mL. These findings demonstrate the potential of Pectin-AgNPs as promising antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic agents.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Tecnología Química Verde , Nanocompuestos , Pectinas , Plata , Nanocompuestos/química , Plata/química , Plata/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/farmacología , Humanos , Animales , Asteraceae/química , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/patología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Cinética , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Masculino , Células HeLa , Ratas , Hojas de la Planta/química , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/química , Sustancias Protectoras/síntesis química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Ratones , Tetracloruro de Carbono

RESUMEN

Edible films are effective alternatives to plastic packaging, however, the hydrophilicity of edible films based on protein and polysaccharide limits the application. Therefore, we fabricated a water-stable hybrid film with a linear-spherical interpenetrating molecular topology network using egg white (EW), chitosan (CS), and pectin. Meanwhile, the nisin-tannin acid self-assembly complex nanoparticles were employed as a multifunctional cross-linker, antibacterial and antioxidant agent to improve the performance of films. The FTIR, XRD, and SEM analysis revealed that the conformation and crystalline structure rearrangement of chitosan induced by the alkaline environment provided by egg white enhanced the network structure of films, effectively avoided the addition of modifying reagents. The proposed hybrid films exhibited excellent properties, with EW/TNPCS3 showing the best overall performance. The water contact angle (WCA) increased to 105.27 ± 1.62°, and its dissolution and swelling rates were significantly lower than pure egg white and pure chitosan films. Moreover, tannin-nisin (TN) nanoparticles endowed the films with excellent antimicrobial activity against the common Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria. Thus, the prepared blending films have great application potential in food preservation, especially to maintain stable performance in high humidity environment.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Quitosano , Clara de Huevo , Nanopartículas , Nisina , Pectinas , Taninos , Agua , Quitosano/química , Taninos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Pectinas/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Agua/química , Clara de Huevo/química , Nisina/química , Nisina/farmacología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Películas Comestibles

RESUMEN

This study investigated the effectiveness of a pectin-nano zero-valent iron-based nanocomposite in adsorbing heavy metals in bimetallic form (chromium­lead mixture), along with assessing its antibacterial properties. The nanocomposite was synthesized using a straightforward dispersion method, employing eco-friendly components like biocompatible pectin sourced from banana peels and nano-scale zero-valent iron. Analytical characterization confirmed the formation of stable, nano-crystalline particles with active interactions between the functional groups of pectin and nano iron. Batch adsorption experiments optimized various parameters such as pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, metal ion concentration, and temperature to enhance bimetal removal from water. The optimal conditions were determined as pH 8.0, a temperature of 40 °C, 1.0 g/L adsorbent dosage, 75 mg/l initial bimetal concentration, and a contact time of 30 min. Further assessments revealed that the nanocomposite did not induce phytotoxic or ecotoxic effects, confirming its non-toxicity and environmental safety. Biocompatibility studies conducted using zebrafish models showed no adverse effects on hatching, survival, or heart rate. These findings underscore the potential of the nanocomposite as a sustainable and efficient solution for heavy metal remediation in water treatment process.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Hierro , Metales Pesados , Nanocompuestos , Pectinas , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Purificación del Agua , Pez Cebra , Nanocompuestos/química , Pectinas/química , Pectinas/farmacología , Hierro/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Metales Pesados/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Adsorción , Animales , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Tecnología Química Verde

RESUMEN

Coated fertilizers have been widely used to improve fertility in barren land. However, improving soil structure and water-retention capacity is also essential for arid and semi-arid areas with sandy soils to promote crop growth. Most currently available coated fertilizers rarely meet these requirements, limiting their application scope. Therefore, this study "tailored" pectin-montmorillonite (PM) multifunctional coatings for arid areas, featuring intercalation reactions and nanoscale entanglement between pectin and montmorillonite via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic and van der Waals forces. Notably, PM coatings have demonstrated an effective "relay" model of action. First, the PM-50 coating could act as a "shield" to protect urea pills, increasing the mechanical strength (82.12 %). Second, this coating prolonged the release longevity of urea (<0.5 h to 15 days). Further, the remaining coating performed a water-retention function. Subsequently, the degraded coating improved the soil properties. Thus, this coating facilitated the growth of wheat seedlings in a simulated arid environment. Moreover, the cytotoxicity test, life cycle assessment, and soil biodegradation experiment showed that the PM coating exhibited minimal environmental impact. Overall, the "relay" model of PM coating overcomes the application limitations of traditional coated fertilizers and provides a sustainable strategy for developing coating materials in soil degradation areas.

Asunto(s)

Bentonita , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada , Fertilizantes , Pectinas , Suelo , Agua , Pectinas/química , Agua/química , Suelo/química , Bentonita/química , Preparaciones de Acción Retardada/química , Biodegradación Ambiental , Triticum/química , Urea/química

RESUMEN

N-doped TiO2/carbon composites (N-TiPC) have shown excellent photodegradation performances to the organic contaminants but are limited by the multistage preparation (i.e., preparation of porous carbon, preparation of N-doped TiO2, and loading of N-doped TiO2 on porous carbon). Here, we develop a handy way by combining the Pickering emulsion-gel template route and chelation reaction of polysaccharides. The N-TiPC is obtained by calcinating pectin/Dl-serine hydrazide hydrochloride (SHH)-Ti4+ chelate and is further described by modern characterization techniques. The results show that the N atom is successfully doped into the TiO2 lattice, and the bandgap value of N-TiPC is reduced to 2.3 eV. Moreover, the particle size of N-TiPC remains about 10 nm. The configurations of the composites are simulated using DFT calculation. The photocatalytic experiments show that N-TiPC has a high removal efficiency for methylene blue (MB) and oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC-HCL). The removal ratios of MB (20 mg/L, 50 mL) and OTC-HCL (30 mg/L, 50 mL) are 99.41 % and 78.29 %, respectively. The cyclic experiments show that the photocatalyst has good stability. Overall, this study provides a handy way to form N-TiPC with enhanced photodegradation performances. It can also be promoted to other macromolecules such as cellulose and its derivatives, sodium alginate, chitosan, lignin, etc.

Asunto(s)

Carbono , Pectinas , Serina , Titanio , Pectinas/química , Titanio/química , Carbono/química , Serina/química , Nitrógeno/química , Catálisis , Fotólisis , Porosidad , Azul de Metileno/química