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Background: Prior research indicates that engagement with nature is associated with mental well-being; however, the impact of accessibility to urban green spaces (UGS) with suitable infrastructure for visitation and physical activities, like leisure or recreation, remains underexplored, particularly in developing countries. Purpose: This study delves into whether merely having green space in the neighborhood is sufficient to impact residents' mental health in Brazilian metropolitan regions. Method: Utilizing a cross-sectional survey, data were collected from 2136 participants. The analyzed variables included the intensity, duration, and frequency of nature engagement, suitability of UGS for visitation and physical activities, and mental well-being indicators measured by the DASS-21 scale. Multivariate statistical analyses and multiple regression models were employed to verify hypothetical relationships. Results and conclusions: Higher intensity, duration, and frequency of nature engagement in UGS were significantly associated with lower depression, anxiety, and stress scores. Notably, having urban UGS in the neighborhood alone was not enough to reduce mental health issues. Practical implications: The findings point out the need for urban planning policies that prioritize the development of high-quality, accessible green spaces to maximize mental well-being benefits. These insights could inform city designs that foster healthier urban environments. Future directions: Longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality between nature engagement and mental health improvements. Further research should incorporate objective measures of nature engagement and explore more aspects of green space quality, such as biodiversity and amenities.
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Planificación de Ciudades , Salud Mental , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Brasil , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ciudades , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto Joven , Características de la Residencia , Características del Vecindario , Planificación Ambiental , AdolescenteRESUMEN
The newly created Kawésqar National Park (KNP) and National Reserve (KNR) in southern Chile consists of diverse terrestrial and marine habitats, which includes the southern terminus of the Andes, the Southern Patagonia Ice Fields, sub-Antarctic rainforests, glaciers, fjords, lakes, wetlands, valleys, channels, and islands. The marine environment is influenced by wide ranging hydrological factors such as glacier melt, large terrigenous inputs, high precipitation, strong currents, and open ocean water masses. Owing to the remoteness, rugged terrain, and harsh environmental conditions, little is known about this vast region, particularly the marine realm. To this end, we conducted an integrated ecological assessment using SCUBA and remote cameras down to 600 m to examine this unique and largely unexplored ecosystem. Kelp forests (primarily Macrocystis pyrifera) dominate the nearshore ecosystem and provide habitat for myriad benthic organisms. In the fjords, salinity was low and both turbidity and nutrients from terrigenous sources were high, with benthic communities dominated by active suspension feeders (e.g., Bivalvia, Ascidiacea, and Bryozoa). Areas closer to the Pacific Ocean showed more oceanic conditions with higher salinity and lower turbidity, with benthic communities experiencing more open benthic physical space in which predators (e.g., Malacostraca and Asteroidea) and herbivorous browsers (e.g., Echinoidea and Gastropoda) were more conspicuous components of the community compared to the inner fjords. Hagfish (Myxine sp.) was the most abundant and frequently occurring fish taxa observed on deep-sea cameras (80% of deployments), along with several taxa of sharks (e.g., Squaliformes, Etmopteridae, Somniosidae, Scyliorhinidae), which collectively were also observed on 80% of deep-sea camera deployments. The kelp forests, deep fjords, and other nearshore habitats of the KNR represent a unique ecosystem with minimal human impacts at present. The KNR is part of the ancestral territory of the indigenous Kawésqar people and their traditional knowledge, including the importance of the land-sea connection in structuring the marine communities of this region, is strongly supported by our scientific findings.
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Organismos Acuáticos , Biodiversidad , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Chile , Cubierta de Hielo , Océano PacíficoRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The complexity of urbanization processes across Latin American societies encourages investigating its implications in health conditions, especially during childhood. One of the possible links between them is recreation, a component of the daily life of children and, therefore, essential to produce health and life itself. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between neighborhood context and active public park use among school-aged children in Cordoba, Argentina. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1466 children, aged 9 to 11, attending 19 schools and living in 110 neighborhoods. Multilevel models with Poisson distribution were used for the analyses, stratified by gender. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and physical covariates were included at the individual level, and socioeconomic neighborhood conditions at second level. RESULTS: Girls residing in neighborhoods with a worse socioeconomic context were less likely to report frequent public park use for physical activity, while those from neighborhoods with better socioeconomic conditions were more likely to, regardless of individual characteristics. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that socioeconomic conditions of neighborhoods are associated with public park use for physical activity in school-aged girls, demonstrating gender inequality in the use and appropriation of public spaces.
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Ejercicio Físico , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Argentina , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Análisis Multinivel , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the perceived availability of public open space (POS) in the neighborhood for physical activity (PA) over the years and its association to practice of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among Brazilian adult population. METHODS: Data from the surveillance system of risk and protection factors for chronic diseases by telephone survey (Vigitel) from 2011 to 2015 were analyzed (n = 247,548). Prais-Winsten regression was used to investigate the trend of the perceived availability of POS, and Poisson regression to analyze its association to the LTPA. RESULTS: The perceived availability of POS in the neighborhood for PA remained fairly stable, from 73.4% in 2011 to 74.0% in 2015. The perception of this availability positively associated with the sufficient practice of LTPA (≥ 150 min/week) (RP = 1.27; p < 0.05), and with the practice of different types, weekly frequency and daily duration of the activities. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to the building and maintenance of POS, the proximity and physical accessibility of the population must be guaranteed, so that those spaces are perceived as a favorable environment for the practice of LTPA.
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Ambiente , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Actividades Recreativas/psicología , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Actitud Frente a la Salud , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Latin Americans engage in physical activity (PA) in unique ways and use a wider range of places for PA than those commonly studied in high-income settings. We examined the contribution of a variety of places and domains of PA to meeting PA recommendations among a sample of adults (18-65 y) from all over Mexico. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017 (n = 3 686). Overall and domain-specific PA was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Use of places for PA was self-reported. Places were classified as private or public. In 2018, associations between specific places and meeting PA recommendations (≥150 mins/week) were estimated using multivariate logistic regression models. In total 72.1% met PA recommendations. The proportion meeting recommendations through domain-specific PA was highest for leisure-time PA (50.0%), followed by travel-related (39.1%) and work-related (24.9%) PA. The most commonly reported places for PA were home (43%), parks (40.7%) and streets (39.4%) (public). Use of most public places was positively associated with meeting PA recommendations, mainly through travel-related PA (Streets OR 2.05 [95% CI 1.71-2.45]; Cycling paths OR 1.91 [1.37-2.68]). Using private places was more strongly associated with PA, mainly leisure-time PA (Gyms OR 9.66 [7.34-12.70]); Sports facilities OR 5.03 [3.27-7.74]). In conclusion, public and private places were important contributors to PA. While public places may be a powerful setting for PA promotion, increasing the equitable access for all to private places may also represent an effective strategy to increase PA among Mexican adults.
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Planificación Ambiental , Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Actividades Recreativas , Características de la Residencia , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Ciclismo/fisiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Instalaciones Privadas/estadística & datos numéricos , Instalaciones Públicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
This study aims to analyse the association between perceived presence of public spaces near residences and practice of physical activity during leisure time by adults in the state capitals of Brazil, based on sociodemographic characteristics. Participants were individuals aged ≥18 years living in the 27 state capitals of Brazil (n = 52 929, 53.9% female) who responded to a national survey called VIGITEL in 2013. Physical activity during leisure time (≥1 time/week), perception of space, population and sociodemographic variables (sex, age, years of study and geographic region) were self-reported. The adjusted binary logistic regression analysis was used. Among adults, the prevalence of physical activity during leisure was 45.1% (95% CI [44.2; 46.0]), and 71.1% (95% CI [70.2, 71.8]) perceived public space near their residence. A direct association between perceiving public space and physical activity ([OR] = 1.43; 95% CI [1.32; 1.55]) was observed. No significant difference was observed in the population groups (men and women, younger and older adults, and those with more and fewer years of study). Thus, even with the possible regional differences in Brazilian state capitals, the presence of public spaces increases the practice of physical activity during leisure time, independent of sociodemographic variables.
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Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Actividades Recreativas , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Instalaciones Públicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the association of county-level food access, recreational opportunities, and natural amenities with participant engagement in a weight management program. METHODS: In this cohort study, participants in the Veterans Health Administration MOVE! weight management program between October 1, 2007, and September 30, 2013, were observed for 12 months after enrollment. Engagement was measured as the number of program visits per year at 12 months. Cross-sectional analysis and spatial regression were used to examine county characteristics associated with greater participant engagement at 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 321,624 participants in 2,708 counties were included. Greater engagement was associated with older age, female sex, white race, being married, and being retired. After accounting for similarities between nearby communities, engagement at 12 months was 3.1 visits higher for each additional farmers' market per 1,000 population (P = 0.01). Engagement was highest for participants living in counties with the most natural amenities (P < 0.001). Recreational opportunities had only a small effect on engagement in the program (ß = 0.02 visits at 12 months; P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Consideration of a participant's county characteristics in addition to other known demographics and program factors may help to explain variation in engagement in weight management programs.
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Planificación Ambiental/estadística & datos numéricos , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Parques Recreativos/provisión & distribución , Recreación/fisiología , Veteranos/estadística & datos numéricos , Programas de Reducción de Peso , Adulto , Anciano , Alaska/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Frutas/provisión & distribución , Hawaii/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Filipinas/epidemiología , Puerto Rico/epidemiología , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Verduras/provisión & distribución , Programas de Reducción de Peso/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: Introduction: The complexity of urbanization processes across Latin American societies encourages investigating its implications in health conditions, especially during childhood. One of the possible links between them is recreation, a component of the daily life of children and, therefore, essential to produce health and life itself. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between neighborhood context and active public park use among school-aged children in Cordoba, Argentina. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1466 children, aged 9 to 11, attending 19 schools and living in 110 neighborhoods. Multilevel models with Poisson distribution were used for the analyses, stratified by gender. Socio-demographic, behavioral, and physical covariates were included at the individual level, and socioeconomic neighborhood conditions at second level. Results: Girls residing in neighborhoods with a worse socioeconomic context were less likely to report frequent public park use for physical activity, while those from neighborhoods with better socioeconomic conditions were more likely to, regardless of individual characteristics. Conclusion: This study suggests that socioeconomic conditions of neighborhoods are associated with public park use for physical activity in school-aged girls, demonstrating gender inequality in the use and appropriation of public spaces.
RESUMO: Introdução: O processo de urbanização das sociedades latino-americanas estimula investigar suas consequências nas condições de saúde. Um dos elos possíveis é a recreação, componente do cotidiano das crianças essencial para a produção da saúde e da própria vida. O objetivo foi examinar as relações entre o contexto do bairro e o uso ativo do parque público entre as crianças em idade escolar em Córdoba, Argentina. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 1466 crianças que frequentam 19 escolas e moram em 110 bairros. Modelos multinível com distribuição de Poisson foram utilizados para as análises, estratificados por sexo. Covariáveis sociodemográficas, comportamentais e físicas foram incluídas no nível individual e as condições socioeconômicas do bairro, no segundo nível. Resultados: As meninas que residem em bairros com pior contexto socioeconômico foram menos prováveis a relatar o uso frequente de parques públicos para atividades físicas, enquanto aquelas provenientes de bairros com melhores condições eram mais prováveis, independentemente das características individuais. Conclusões: Este estudo sugere que as condições socioeconômicas dos bairros estão associadas ao uso de parques públicos para atividade física em meninas unicamente, demonstrando uma desigualdade de gênero.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Ejercicio Físico , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Argentina , Factores Socioeconómicos , Estudios Transversales , Análisis MultinivelRESUMEN
The study aimed to analyze the association between accessibility to public spaces for leisure activities, availability of equipment for physical exercise in these spaces, and leisure-time physical activity (PA) in adults. A household survey was conducted with 699 adults from 32 census tracts selected according to income and "walkability". Accessibility to public spaces for leisure activities was determined by geoprocessing according to proximity to public spaces for leisure activities and the amount of such spaces within radiuses of 500 and 1,000 meters around the participants' homes. Presence of equipment for physical exercise in these public spaces was assessed by the observation method and classified as: (a) without equipment for physical exercise; (b) with equipment for physical exercise; (c) equipment for physical exercise for adults; and (d) with three or more pieces of equipment for physical exercise. PA was self-reported, and walking was analyzed separately from moderate-vigorous PA, classified in two levels (≥ 10 minutes/week and ≥ 150 minutes/week). The amount of public spaces for leisure activities in a 500-meter radius with one or more pieces of equipment for physical exercise was negatively associated with walking (OR = 0.84, based on ≥ 150 minutes/week). The amount of public spaces for leisure activities in a 1,000-meter radius was positively associated with moderate-vigorous PA (OR = 1.03). The distance to a public space for leisure activities with three or more pieces of equipment for physical exercise (OR = 0.95) was inversely associated with moderate-vigorous PA. Proximity and amount of public spaces for leisure activities are associated with higher levels of moderate-vigorous PA in adults. The combination of methods can help reveal the contribution that access to (and quality of) public spaces for leisure activities can make to PA.
O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a associação entre acessibilidade a espaços públicos de lazer, disponibilidade de equipamentos para atividade física (AF) nestes locais e a prática de atividade física no lazer em adultos. Foi conduzido um inquérito domiciliar com 699 adultos de 32 setores censitários selecionados segundo a renda e "walkability". A acessibilidade a espaços públicos de lazer foi determinada por geoprocessamento segundo a proximidade até os espaços e a quantidade de espaços públicos de lazer contidos nos raios de 500 e 1.000 metros no entorno dos domicílios dos participantes. A presença de equipamentos para AF nos espaços públicos de lazer foi avaliada por método observacional e classificada em: (a) sem equipamento para AF; (b) com equipamento para AF; (c) equipamento para atividade física de adultos; e (d) com três ou mais equipamentos para AF. Essa atividade foi autorreportada e a caminhada analisada separadamente das atividades físicas de intensidade moderada a vigorosa sendo classificada em dois níveis (≥ 10 minutos/semana e ≥ 150 minutos/semana). A quantidade de espaços públicos de lazer, em um raio de 500 metros, com um ou mais equipamentos para AF foi negativamente associada com a prática da caminhada (OR = 0,84, considerando ≥ 150 minutos/semana). A quantidade de espaços públicos de lazer em um raio de 1.000 metros foi positivamente associada com atividades físicas de intensidade moderada a vigorosa (OR = 1,03). A distância até espaços públicos de lazer com três ou mais equipamentos para AF (OR = 0,95) foi inversamente relacionada com atividades físicas de intensidade moderada a vigorosa. A proximidade e a quantidade de espaços públicos de lazer estão associadas com maiores níveis de AF de intensidade moderada a vigorosa de adultos. A combinação de métodos de avaliação pode ajudar a revelar a contribuição que o acesso e a qualidade dos espaços públicos de lazer podem ter para a AF.
El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la asociación entre accesibilidad a espacios públicos de ocio, disponibilidad de equipamientos para actividad física (AF) en estos lugares, y la práctica de actividad física durante el ocio en adultos. Se realizó una encuesta domiciliaria con 699 adultos de 32 sectores censitarios, seleccionados según su renta y "walkability" (transitabilidad). La accesibilidad a los espacios públicos de ocio se determinó mediante geoprocesamiento, conforme la proximidad hasta los espacios públicos de ocio y la cantidad de espacios públicos de ocio contenidos en un radio de 500 y 1.000 metros alrededor de los domicilios de los participantes. La presencia de equipamientos para AF en los espacios públicos de ocio se evaluó mediante el método observacional, y fue clasificado en: (a) sin equipamiento para AF; (b) con equipamiento para AF; (c) equipamiento para AF para adultos; e incluso (d) con tres o más equipamientos para AF. La AF fue autoinformada y las caminatas fueron analizadas separadamente de las AF de intensidad moderada a vigorosa, estando clasificadas en dos niveles (≥ 10 minutos/semana y ≥ 150 minutos/semana). La cantidad de espacios públicos de ocio, en un radio de 500 metros, con uno o más equipamientos para AF estuvo negativamente asociada con la realización de caminatas (OR = 0,84, considerando ≥ 150 minutos/semana). La cantidad de espacios públicos de ocio en un radio de 1000 metros estuvo positivamente asociada con AF de intensidad moderada a vigorosa (OR = 1,03). La distancia hasta espacios públicos de ocio con tres o más equipamientos para actividad física (OR = 0,95) estuvo inversamente relacionada con actividades físicas de intensidad moderada a vigorosa. La proximidad y la cantidad de espacios públicos de ocio están asociadas con mayores niveles de AF de intensidad moderada a vigorosa de adultos. La combinación de métodos de evaluación puede ayudar a revelar la contribución que el acceso y la calidad de los espacios públicos de ocio pueden tener para la AF.
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Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Actividades Recreativas , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Características de la Residencia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Caminata/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between exposure to green areas in the surroundings of the residence and the presence of common mental disorders among adults, according to different income strata. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 2,584 participants from the Pró-Saúde Study (2006), residing in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Common Mental Disorders were measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and exposure to green areas was measured using the normalized difference vegetation index, in buffers with radiuses between 100 and 1,500 meters around the residence. We used the mean and maximum normalized difference vegetation index categorized into quartiles. The study population was divided into three subgroups, according to the income: low, intermediate, and high. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated with logistic regression models. The models were adjusted by sex and age, with and without inclusion of physical activity practice. RESULTS: The proportion of common mental disorders was 30% and 39% among men and women, respectively. The results of the adjusted models showed an inverse association between the presence of green areas in the surroundings of the residence and the occurrence of common mental disorders, in the buffer of 200 meters in the intermediate-income group and in the buffers of 400 and 1,500 meters in the low-income group. The odds ratio ranged from 0.52 (buffer of 1,500 meters) to 0.68 (buffer of 200 meters). The association found was independent of physical activity practice. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence found suggests the existence of a beneficial effect of urban green areas on the mental health of lower-income individuals. These findings can help in understanding how the urban environment can affect the mental health of the population.
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Jardines/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis Multivariante , Distribución por Sexo , Factores SocioeconómicosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To identify the population's knowledge of the terms "sepsis" and "acute myocardial infarction" (AMI). METHOD: Cross-sectional quantitative study. Data was collected through the application of a questionnaire to two groups of participants, as follows: individuals who visit parks in Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul and companions of patients of a university hospital in Porto Alegre. Analysis of the results was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTSThe sample consisted of 1,986 respondents: 1,455 parkgoers and 531 companions of patients admitted to the hospital. Regarding the knowledge of sepsis, only 19.1% of the respondents had already heard about the subject. However, compared to knowledge about AMI, it was found that 98.7% knew the term. CONCLUSIONS: The study found that the scarce knowledge of the population about the term "sepsis" is related to the social level of the respondents, demonstrating poor access to information about health care.
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Encuestas Epidemiológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Infarto del Miocardio , Parques Recreativos , Sepsis , Terminología como Asunto , Visitas a Pacientes , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Visitas a Pacientes/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Small island Caribbean countries such as Jamaica are now facing an epidemic of obesity and decreased physical activity (PA) levels. Public parks have been shown to be important resources for PA that also provide psychological and social benefits associated with increased PA. There are no studies that document PA in parks in the Caribbean. METHODS: This study utilized a mixed method approach by using the System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) to obtain baseline data on park usage patterns in Emancipation Park, a large urban public park in Jamaica. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted to gain additional insights on the park's use for PA. RESULTS: The park was used mostly by females, in the evenings and by persons 18-64 years old. Females had significantly lower mean energy expenditure (EE) than males (0.078 versus 0.080 kcal/kg/min, p < 0.05). In-depth interviews revealed that safety, a central location within a business district, aesthetic appeal, a walking track and individual health benefits were key reasons for persons engaging in PA at the park. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to describe the usage of a public park for PA in Jamaica. The study elicited aspects of park use for PA in a major urban park in Jamaica from different vantage points by using direct systematic observation augmented with a qualitative approach. It revealed important differential park use for PA by sex, age group and EE levels, and provided insights into factors that motivate and hinder park usage for PA. This can be used by policymakers in Jamaica to inform PA interventions to reduce obesity, provide baseline data for comparisons with other parks in developing countries and to advocate for well-designed public parks.
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Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Recreación/psicología , Adolescente , Adulto , Metabolismo Energético , Planificación Ambiental , Femenino , Geografía , Humanos , Jamaica , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Motivación , Proyectos de Investigación , Factores Sexuales , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Background: Socioeconomic characteristics of locations where physical activity equipment is installed may affect the activity level of users. The purpose of this study was to verify patterns of use and physical activity levels in fitness zones installed in low- and high-income neighborhoods in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Methods: Over 1200 observations were conducted in 20 fitness zones in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. Data were collected during the months of November and December 2012, in 4 periods of the day (8 AM, 11 AM, 2 PM, and 5 PM), on 2 weekdays and 2 weekend days. Results: A total of 2232 people were observed in the fitness zones. Age group, level of physical activity in the area, use of fitness zones during weekend days, and occupation of spaces were significantly associated with neighborhood income. Moreover, users of fitness zones located in high-income neighborhoods showed higher odds ratio (OR = 1.74; 95% confidence interval, 1.46-2.07) of moderate to vigorous physical activity than light or sedentary activities, regardless of gender or day of the week. Conclusions: The sole presence of equipment does not seem to favor the use of fitness zones in low-income neighborhoods. Future studies should investigate intrinsic factors for the use of fitness zones for physical activity.
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Ejercicio Físico/fisiología , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Pobreza/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto , Brasil , Femenino , Humanos , Renta/estadística & datos numéricos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to examine whether adolescents' road safety perception (RSP) acts as a mediator on the association between the distance from home to the nearest park and the use of the parks for physical activity (PA). STUDY DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study. METHODS: The evaluation was through a random sample of 1130 adolescents (534 male), corresponding to 47.3%, 14-20 years old, from Porto Alegre, Brazil. RSP was assessed through some questions of the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth. Park use, socioeconomic status, age, and sex were measured using a questionnaire. Distance from home to the nearest park was evaluated through geographic information system. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation, and linear regression models were fitted as per the Baron and Kenny procedures for mediation analyses. All analyses were adjusted for sex and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: Road safety perception is independently associated with less distance from home to the nearest park (P = 0.04) and use of the parks for PA (P = 0.02). Road safety perception is a mediator and explains 16% of the association between park use and distance from home to the park (indirect Effect = -40.9966; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 119.3733-2.2455). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated that RSP is a mediator on the association between the distance from home to the nearest park and the use of the parks for PA. Future studies should take this into consideration frequency and intensity of PA and other environmental characteristics, such as crime, aesthetics, and neighborhood facilities.
Asunto(s)
Planificación Ambiental/estadística & datos numéricos , Ejercicio Físico , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Percepción , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Seguridad , Adolescente , Brasil , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Sistemas de Información Geográfica , Humanos , Masculino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between exposure to green areas in the surroundings of the residence and the presence of common mental disorders among adults, according to different income strata. METHODS Cross-sectional study with 2,584 participants from the Pró-Saúde Study (2006), residing in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Common Mental Disorders were measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and exposure to green areas was measured using the normalized difference vegetation index, in buffers with radiuses between 100 and 1,500 meters around the residence. We used the mean and maximum normalized difference vegetation index categorized into quartiles. The study population was divided into three subgroups, according to the income: low, intermediate, and high. Odds ratios and their 95% confidence intervals were estimated with logistic regression models. The models were adjusted by sex and age, with and without inclusion of physical activity practice. RESULTS The proportion of common mental disorders was 30% and 39% among men and women, respectively. The results of the adjusted models showed an inverse association between the presence of green areas in the surroundings of the residence and the occurrence of common mental disorders, in the buffer of 200 meters in the intermediate-income group and in the buffers of 400 and 1,500 meters in the low-income group. The odds ratio ranged from 0.52 (buffer of 1,500 meters) to 0.68 (buffer of 200 meters). The association found was independent of physical activity practice. CONCLUSIONS The evidence found suggests the existence of a beneficial effect of urban green areas on the mental health of lower-income individuals. These findings can help in understanding how the urban environment can affect the mental health of the population.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Investigar a associação entre a exposição às áreas verdes no entorno da residência e a presença de transtornos mentais comuns entre adultos, segundo diferentes estratos de renda. MÉTODOS Estudo seccional com 2.584 participantes do Estudo Pró-Saúde (2006), residentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os transtornos mentais comuns foram aferidos por meio do General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) e a exposição às áreas verdes pelo índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada, em buffers com raios entre 100 e 1.500 metros em torno da residência. Foram utilizados o índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada médio e máximo categorizado em quartis. A população do estudo foi dividida em três subgrupos, de acordo com a renda: baixa, intermediária e alta. Foram estimadas razões de chances e seus intervalos de 95% de confiança com modelos de regressão logística. Os modelos foram ajustados por sexo e idade, com e sem inclusão da prática de atividade física. RESULTADOS A proporção de transtornos mentais comuns foi de 30% e 39% entre homens e mulheres, respectivamente. Os resultados dos modelos ajustados mostraram associação inversa entre a presença de áreas verdes no entorno do domicílio e a ocorrência de transtornos mentais comuns, no buffer de 200 metros no grupo de renda intermediária e nos buffers de 400 e 1.500 metros no grupo de baixa renda. A razão de chances variou de 0,52 (buffer de 1.500 metros) a 0,68 (buffer de 200 metros). A associação encontrada foi independente da prática de atividade física. CONCLUSÕES As evidências encontradas sugerem a existência de um efeito benéfico de áreas verdes urbanas na saúde mental dos indivíduos de renda mais baixa. Tais achados podem ajudar na compreensão de como o meio ambiente urbano pode afetar a saúde mental da população.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Anciano , Características de la Residencia/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Jardines/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos Mentales/psicología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Brasil/epidemiología , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Modelos Logísticos , Estudios Transversales , Análisis Multivariante , Distribución por Sexo , Distribución por Edad , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
The Brazilian Cerrado, a hotspot and the largest savannah in the world, has been undergoing intense changes in land use for urbanization. The creation and maintenance of urban parks and public squares is one efficient biodiversity conservation strategy in urbanized landscapes. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the potential of urban parks with native vegetation for conservation of flower chafer beetles (Coleoptera: Cetoniinae), a beetle group usually used as a bioindicator in African landscapes, in Brazilian Cerrado. We sampled Cetoniinae beetles using aerial fruit-baited traps, every 2 wk from January to December 2014 in 10 areas of Cerrado in Aquidauana, MS, Brazil. We compared the species richness, abundance, biomass, and species composition between six 'natural reserve' areas (outside the urban matrix) and four 'urban park' areas (within the urban matrix), and identified specialist species of each habitat type. A total 508 individuals of nine species were captured. The abundance, species richness, and biomass were similar between natural reserve and urban park. However, species composition differed among the habitats. Gymnetis flava (Weber) was classified as an urban park specialist, while Euphoria lurida (Fabricius), and Hoplopyga liturata (Olivier) were classified as natural reserve specialists. Our results demonstrate that urban parks conserve the abundance, biomass and species richness of flower chafer beetles in the Brazilian Cerrado. In this context, our results suggest that the maintenance of the urban park with native vegetation can be an efficient strategy for the conservation of Cetoniinae beetles in the urban matrix in the Brazilian Cerrado.
Asunto(s)
Biodiversidad , Escarabajos , Conservación de los Recursos Naturales/estadística & datos numéricos , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Animales , Biomasa , Brasil , CiudadesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between greenspace exposure and childhood internalizing and externalizing behaviors. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed data from the Cincinnati Childhood Allergy and Air Pollution Study, an ongoing prospective birth cohort. Greenspace exposure was estimated based on children's addresses using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images. Neurobehavioral outcomes were assessed using the Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition. Regression models adjusted for neighborhood deprivation, maternal education, race, and sex assessed the risk for problematic internalizing and externalizing behaviors at residential greenspace buffers of 200, 400, and 800 m. RESULTS: There were 562 and 313 children in our age 7- and 12-year analyses, respectively. At age 7 years, a 0.1-unit increase in NDVI was associated with decreased conduct scores (ß = -1.10, 95% CI [-2.14, -0.06], 200 m). At age 12 years, a 0.1-unit increase in NDVI was associated with a decrease in anxiety scores (ß = -1.83, 95% CI [-3.44, -0.22], 800 m), decreased depression scores (ß = -1.36, 95% CI [-2.61, -0.12], 200 m), and decreased somatization scores (ß = -1.83, 95% CI [-3.22, -0.44], 200 m). CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that increased exposure to residential greenspace is associated with reduced youth's problematic internal and external behaviors, measured by Behavioral Assessment System for Children, Second Edition, at ages 7 and 12 years. Improved understanding of this mechanism could allow for implementation of neighborhood-level approaches for reducing the risk for childhood behavioral problems.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/epidemiología , Conducta Infantil , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Urbana , Niño , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/psicología , Preescolar , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Masculino , Ohio/epidemiología , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
Resumo OBJETIVO Identificar o conhecimento da população referente aos termos "sepse" e "infarto agudo do miocárdio" (IAM). MÉTODO Estudo transversal, quantitativo. Coleta de dados realizada com aplicação de um questionário, para dois grupamentos de participantes distintos: frequentadores de parques selecionados de Porto Alegre/RS e acompanhantes de pacientes internados em um hospital universitário de Porto Alegre/RS. A análise dos resultados foi realizada pela estatística descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS A amostra constitui-se de 1986 entrevistados, 1455 de parques e 531 acompanhantes de pacientes internados no hospital. Em relação ao conhecimento de sepse, apenas 19,1% dos entrevistados já tinham ouvido falar sobre o tema, já, em comparação ao conhecimento do IAM, 98,7% souberam responder sobre o termo. CONCLUSÕES Evidenciou-se que o déficit de conhecimento da população sobre o termo "sepse" está diretamente relacionado com o nível social dos entrevistados, demonstrando um déficit no acesso à informação no cuidado em saúde.
Resumen OBJETIVO Identificar el conocimiento de la población referente al término "sepsis" e "infarto del miocardio" (IAM). MÉTODO Estudio transversal, cuantitativo. La recolección de datos realizada con aplicación de un cuestionario, para dos grupos de participantes distintos: frecuentadores de parques selecionados de Porto Alegre/RS y acompañantes de pacientes internados en un hospital universitario de Porto Alegre/RS. El análisis de los resultados fue realizado por la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS La muestra se constituye de 1986 entrevistados, 1455 de parques y 531 acompañantes de pacientes internados en el hospital. En cuanto al conocimiento de sepsis, sólo el 19,1% de los entrevistados ya había oído hablar sobre el tema, ya en comparación al conocimiento del IAM, el 98,7% supieron responder sobre el término. CONCLUSIONES Se evidenció que el déficit de conocimiento de la población sobre el término "sepsis" está directamente relacionado con el nivel social de los entrevistados, demostrando un déficit en el acceso a la información en el cuidado en salud.
Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify the population's knowledge of the terms "sepsis" and "acute myocardial infarction" (AMI). METHOD Cross-sectional quantitative study. Data was collected through the application of a questionnaire to two groups of participants, as follows: individuals who visit parks in Porto Alegre, State of Rio Grande do Sul and companions of patients of a university hospital in Porto Alegre. Analysis of the results was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTSThe sample consisted of 1,986 respondents: 1,455 parkgoers and 531 companions of patients admitted to the hospital. Regarding the knowledge of sepsis, only 19.1% of the respondents had already heard about the subject. However, compared to knowledge about AMI, it was found that 98.7% knew the term. CONCLUSIONS The study found that the scarce knowledge of the population about the term "sepsis" is related to the social level of the respondents, demonstrating poor access to information about health care.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Adulto Joven , Encuestas Epidemiológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Sepsis , Infarto del Miocardio , Terminología como Asunto , Visitas a Pacientes/estadística & datos numéricos , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Estudios Transversales , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a associação entre acessibilidade a espaços públicos de lazer, disponibilidade de equipamentos para atividade física (AF) nestes locais e a prática de atividade física no lazer em adultos. Foi conduzido um inquérito domiciliar com 699 adultos de 32 setores censitários selecionados segundo a renda e "walkability". A acessibilidade a espaços públicos de lazer foi determinada por geoprocessamento segundo a proximidade até os espaços e a quantidade de espaços públicos de lazer contidos nos raios de 500 e 1.000 metros no entorno dos domicílios dos participantes. A presença de equipamentos para AF nos espaços públicos de lazer foi avaliada por método observacional e classificada em: (a) sem equipamento para AF; (b) com equipamento para AF; (c) equipamento para atividade física de adultos; e (d) com três ou mais equipamentos para AF. Essa atividade foi autorreportada e a caminhada analisada separadamente das atividades físicas de intensidade moderada a vigorosa sendo classificada em dois níveis (≥ 10 minutos/semana e ≥ 150 minutos/semana). A quantidade de espaços públicos de lazer, em um raio de 500 metros, com um ou mais equipamentos para AF foi negativamente associada com a prática da caminhada (OR = 0,84, considerando ≥ 150 minutos/semana). A quantidade de espaços públicos de lazer em um raio de 1.000 metros foi positivamente associada com atividades físicas de intensidade moderada a vigorosa (OR = 1,03). A distância até espaços públicos de lazer com três ou mais equipamentos para AF (OR = 0,95) foi inversamente relacionada com atividades físicas de intensidade moderada a vigorosa. A proximidade e a quantidade de espaços públicos de lazer estão associadas com maiores níveis de AF de intensidade moderada a vigorosa de adultos. A combinação de métodos de avaliação pode ajudar a revelar a contribuição que o acesso e a qualidade dos espaços públicos de lazer podem ter para a AF.
Abstract: The study aimed to analyze the association between accessibility to public spaces for leisure activities, availability of equipment for physical exercise in these spaces, and leisure-time physical activity (PA) in adults. A household survey was conducted with 699 adults from 32 census tracts selected according to income and "walkability". Accessibility to public spaces for leisure activities was determined by geoprocessing according to proximity to public spaces for leisure activities and the amount of such spaces within radiuses of 500 and 1,000 meters around the participants' homes. Presence of equipment for physical exercise in these public spaces was assessed by the observation method and classified as: (a) without equipment for physical exercise; (b) with equipment for physical exercise; (c) equipment for physical exercise for adults; and (d) with three or more pieces of equipment for physical exercise. PA was self-reported, and walking was analyzed separately from moderate-vigorous PA, classified in two levels (≥ 10 minutes/week and ≥ 150 minutes/week). The amount of public spaces for leisure activities in a 500-meter radius with one or more pieces of equipment for physical exercise was negatively associated with walking (OR = 0.84, based on ≥ 150 minutes/week). The amount of public spaces for leisure activities in a 1,000-meter radius was positively associated with moderate-vigorous PA (OR = 1.03). The distance to a public space for leisure activities with three or more pieces of equipment for physical exercise (OR = 0.95) was inversely associated with moderate-vigorous PA. Proximity and amount of public spaces for leisure activities are associated with higher levels of moderate-vigorous PA in adults. The combination of methods can help reveal the contribution that access to (and quality of) public spaces for leisure activities can make to PA.
Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la asociación entre accesibilidad a espacios públicos de ocio, disponibilidad de equipamientos para actividad física (AF) en estos lugares, y la práctica de actividad física durante el ocio en adultos. Se realizó una encuesta domiciliaria con 699 adultos de 32 sectores censitarios, seleccionados según su renta y "walkability" (transitabilidad). La accesibilidad a los espacios públicos de ocio se determinó mediante geoprocesamiento, conforme la proximidad hasta los espacios públicos de ocio y la cantidad de espacios públicos de ocio contenidos en un radio de 500 y 1.000 metros alrededor de los domicilios de los participantes. La presencia de equipamientos para AF en los espacios públicos de ocio se evaluó mediante el método observacional, y fue clasificado en: (a) sin equipamiento para AF; (b) con equipamiento para AF; (c) equipamiento para AF para adultos; e incluso (d) con tres o más equipamientos para AF. La AF fue autoinformada y las caminatas fueron analizadas separadamente de las AF de intensidad moderada a vigorosa, estando clasificadas en dos niveles (≥ 10 minutos/semana y ≥ 150 minutos/semana). La cantidad de espacios públicos de ocio, en un radio de 500 metros, con uno o más equipamientos para AF estuvo negativamente asociada con la realización de caminatas (OR = 0,84, considerando ≥ 150 minutos/semana). La cantidad de espacios públicos de ocio en un radio de 1000 metros estuvo positivamente asociada con AF de intensidad moderada a vigorosa (OR = 1,03). La distancia hasta espacios públicos de ocio con tres o más equipamientos para actividad física (OR = 0,95) estuvo inversamente relacionada con actividades físicas de intensidad moderada a vigorosa. La proximidad y la cantidad de espacios públicos de ocio están asociadas con mayores niveles de AF de intensidad moderada a vigorosa de adultos. La combinación de métodos de evaluación puede ayudar a revelar la contribución que el acceso y la calidad de los espacios públicos de ocio pueden tener para la AF.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Ejercicio Físico/psicología , Parques Recreativos/estadística & datos numéricos , Actividades Recreativas , Actividad Motora/fisiología , Brasil , Características de la Residencia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Caminata/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
RATIONALE: Residents of neighbourhoods with high destination accessibility (higher population density, more-interconnected streets, and better access to services, public transport and parks) are more physically active. Evidence on the factors that underlie these associations is sparse and inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: We examined (1) five socio-demographic and four non-destination perceived neighbourhood attributes as moderators of the relationship between objectively-assessed destination accessibility and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA); (2) perceived indicators of destination accessibility as mediators of those relationships; and, (3) the generalizability of findings across 14 cities. METHODS: Data were from the International Physical Activity and Environment Network (IPEN) Adult study (Nâ¯=â¯6822), which provided comparable objective and perceived environmental variables and accelerometer-based MVPA from 14 cities across 10 countries. Mediation and mediation moderation analyses were performed. RESULTS: Objective net residential density, public transport density, and number of parks in the neighbourhood were consistently associated with MVPA across all examined socio-demographic groups and non-destination perceived neighbourhood characteristics. However, only the association between number of parks and MVPA was mediated by its conceptually-comparable perceived indicator. While the associations of objective intersection density and land use mix with MVPA were moderated by both gender and perceived pedestrian infrastructure/safety, only the latter moderating effects were mediated by the conceptually-comparable perceived indicators. Perceived neighbourhood safety and/or aesthetics moderated the associations of objective ratio of retail/civic land to total area and distance to nearest transport stop with MVPA. These associations were not mediated by the conceptually-comparable perceived indicators. CONCLUSION: Densely populated neighbourhoods with access to public transport and parks have the potential to significantly and equitably contribute to adults' MVPA on a global scale. Perceived neighbourhood aesthetics, pedestrian-friendliness and safety can magnify the positive effects of mixed-use neighbourhoods on residents' MVPA by interacting with the perceived ease of access to a variety of destinations.