RESUMEN
The role of CYP2E1 in oxidation is essential for its effects on meat quality. This study used 200 Indonesian sheep (Ovis aries) to determine the SNP g allele frequencies. g. 50658168 T>C of CYP2E1 gene located in 3´-UTR region and their genetic association with lamb quality traits, including carcass characteristics, retail cut carcass, physicochemical lamb, fatty acid, cholesterol, flavor and odor, and mineral content. Further, the level of CYP2E1 mRNA and CYP2E1 protein expression in muscle were determined and correlated with lamb quality traits. CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms were identified using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. The CYP2E1 mRNA expression levels in phenotypically divergent sheep populations were analyzed using Quantitative Real Time-PCR (qRT-PCR). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining analysis used three samples each in the high and low lamb quality groups based on pH value and tenderness. An association study of CYP2E1 gene polymorphisms was performed using General Linear Model (GLM) analysis. The genetic association between the CC, CT, and TT genotypes at the SNP g. 50658168 T>C CYP2E1 gene and lamb quality traits were significant (P<0.05), including carcass characteristics, retail cut carcass, fatty acid, cholesterol, flavor, and odor. Lambs with the CT genotype had a higher mRNA and protein expression in high lamb quality traits. The highest CYP2E1 protein expression was localized in the longissimus dorsi. The group sample with high lamb quality had a higher area and perimeter of muscle cells. CYP2E1 can be used as a genetic marker for selecting sheep with high meat quality.
Asunto(s)
Citocromo P-450 CYP2E1 , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Animales , Citocromo P-450 CYP2E1/genética , Citocromo P-450 CYP2E1/metabolismo , Ovinos/genética , Ovinos/metabolismo , Carne/análisis , Indonesia , Carne Roja/análisis , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Cruzamiento , Oveja Doméstica/genética , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The intestine of young ruminants is in the developmental stage and has weaker resistance to the changes of external environment. Improving intestinal health is vital to promoting growth of young ruminants. This study investigated effects of guanidino acetic acid (GAA) and rumen-protected betaine (RPB) supplementation on growth, dietary nutrient digestion and GAA metabolism in the small intestine of sheep. METHODS: Eighteen healthy Kazakh rams (27.46 ± 0.10 kg of body weight and 3-month old) were categorized into control, test group I and test group II, which were fed a basal diet, 1500 mg/kg GAA and 1500 mg/kg GAA + 600 mg/kg RPB, respectively. RESULTS: Compared with control group, test group II had increased (p < 0.05) average daily gain, plasma creatine level, ether extract (EE) and phosphorus digestibility on day 30. On day 60, the EE apparent digestibility, jugular venous plasma GAA, GAA content in the duodenal mucosa and GAA content in the jejunal and ileal mucosa of test group II were higher (p < 0.05) than other groups. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in the duodenal pathways of oxidative phosphorylation and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were significantly altered in test group II versus test group I (p < 0.05). Moreover, in the jejunum, the MAPK signalling pathway, complement and coagulation cascade and B-cell receptor signalling pathway were significantly enriched, with ATPase, solute carrier transporter protein, DHFR, SI, GCK, ACACA and FASN being the significantly DEGs (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Dietary supplementation of RPB on top of GAA in sheep diets may promote sheep growth and development by improving the body's energy, amino acid, glucose and lipid metabolism capacity.
Asunto(s)
Alimentación Animal , Betaína , Creatina , Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Digestión , Glicina , Animales , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Betaína/metabolismo , Betaína/administración & dosificación , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Dieta/veterinaria , Masculino , Digestión/efectos de los fármacos , Creatina/metabolismo , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/administración & dosificación , Glicina/metabolismo , Ovinos/fisiología , Ovinos/metabolismo , Oveja Doméstica/fisiología , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales de los Animales/efectos de los fármacos , Distribución Aleatoria , Nutrientes/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The comprehensive understanding of microRNAs (miRNAs) in sheep milk during various lactation periods and their impact on milk yield and composition remains limited. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of four highly expressed miRNAs in sheep milk and their association with milk composition and yield parameters during peak and late lactation stages. METHODS: A total of 40 healthy 4-year-old Akkaraman (n = 20) and Awassi (n = 20) ewes registered with the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Türkiye were used in the present study. For miRNA isolation from milk, the Qiagen miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Advanced Kit was utilised following the manufacturer's instructions. The expression levels of miRNAs were assessed using Qiagen miRNA PCR Assays. RESULTS: The significant fold changes in the expression levels of oar-miR-30a-5p, oar-miR-148a and oar-miR-181a were observed between peak and late lactation periods in the Awassi sheep breed. Conversely, only oar-miR-30a-5p and oar-miR-148a exhibited statistically significant changes in the Akkaraman sheep breed during the same lactation periods. Furthermore, oar-miR-21-5p demonstrated a significant fold change exclusively in peak lactation compared to Akkaraman and Awassi ewes. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the expression of the analysed miRNAs is influenced by both the lactation stage and different sheep breeds. This study offers valuable insights into the relationship between key miRNA expressions in sheep milk and milk composition and yield parameters during peak and late lactation, contributing to the existing knowledge in this field.
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Lactancia , MicroARNs , Leche , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Lactancia/fisiología , MicroARNs/genética , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Femenino , Leche/química , Leche/metabolismo , Ovinos/fisiología , Ovinos/genética , Ovinos/metabolismo , Oveja Doméstica/fisiología , Oveja Doméstica/genética , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismoRESUMEN
Genistein, an isoflavone has the potential to mimic, augment, or dysregulate the steroid hormone production pathways. We hypothesized that genistein affects the granulosa cell (GCs) functions through a series of biochemical, molecular, and genomic cascades. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of genistein exposure on GCs viability, apoptosis, and steroidogenesis. The present study involved 3/5 days of exposure to genistein on GCs collected from abattoir-derived ovine ovaries at doses of 0, 1, 10, 25, 50, and 100 µM. The harvested GCs were used for growth, cytotoxicity, and gene expression studies related to apoptosis, growth, and steroidogenesis. We observed that genistein had both stimulatory at 10 and 25 µM levels as well as inhibitory effects at 50 and 100 µM levels on the growth and proliferation of GCs. Genistein significantly decreased the levels of 17ß-estradiol at higher exposure (50 and 100 µM), whereas the progesterone level increased significantly as the genistein exposure increased. Additionally, genistein could also alter the mRNA expression of the steroidogenic receptor, enzymes, proteins, and growth-related genes suggesting that genistein could potentially alter the steroidogenic pathways. We conclude that genistein can interfere with cell survival and steroidogenesis by exhibiting a dose-dependent biphasic response on the viability, growth-related parameters, and the synthesis of 17ß-estradiol in the cultured GCs.
Asunto(s)
Genisteína , Isoflavonas , Femenino , Ovinos , Animales , Genisteína/farmacología , Progesterona/metabolismo , Células de la Granulosa/metabolismo , Estradiol/farmacología , Estradiol/metabolismo , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , Células CultivadasRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Pregnancy toxemia is a common disease, which occurs in older does that are pregnant with multiple lambs in the third trimester. Most of the sick goats die within a few days, which can seriously impact the economic benefits of goat breeding enterprises. The disease is believed to be caused by malnutrition, stress, and other factors, that lead to the disorder of lipid metabolism, resulting in increased ketone content, ketosis, ketonuria, and neurological symptoms. However, the changes in gut microbes and their metabolism in this disease are still unclear. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of toxemia of pregnancy on the fecal microbiome and metabolomics of does. RESULTS: Eight pregnant does suspected of having toxemia of pregnancy (PT group) and eight healthy does during the same pregnancy (NC group) were selected. Clinical symptoms and pathological changes at necropsy were observed, and liver tissue samples were collected for pathological sections. Jugular venous blood was collected before morning feeding to detect biochemical indexes. Autopsy revealed that the liver of the pregnancy toxemia goat was enlarged and earthy yellow, and the biochemical results showed that the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and ß-hydroxybutyric acid (B-HB) in the PT group were significantly increased, while calcium (Ca) levels were significantly reduced. Sections showed extensive vacuoles in liver tissue sections. The microbiome analysis found that the richness and diversity of the PT microbiota were significantly reduced. Metabolomic analysis showed that 125 differential metabolites were screened in positive ion mode and enriched in 12 metabolic pathways. In negative ion mode, 100 differential metabolites were screened and enriched in 7 metabolic pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence has shown that the occurrence of pregnancy toxemia is related to gut microbiota, and further studies are needed to investigate its pathogenesis and provide research basis for future preventive measures of this disease.
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Enfermedades de las Cabras , Microbiota , Preeclampsia , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Toxemia , Femenino , Embarazo , Ovinos , Animales , Preeclampsia/veterinaria , Cabras/metabolismo , Toxemia/veterinaria , Metaboloma , Metabolómica , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , ARN Ribosómico 16SRESUMEN
Microcephaly is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by reduced skull circumference and brain volume that occurs sporadically in farm animals. We investigated an early-onset neurodegenerative disorder observed in seven lambs of purebred Kerry Hill sheep. Clinical signs included inability to stand or severe ataxia, convulsions, and early death. Diagnostic imaging and brain necropsy confirmed microcephaly. The pedigree of the lambs suggested monogenic autosomal recessive inheritance. We sequenced the genome of one affected lamb, and comparison with 115 control genomes revealed a single private protein-changing variant. This frameshift variant, MFSD2A: c.285dupA, p.(Asp96fs*9), represents a 1-bp duplication predicted to truncate 80% of the open reading frame. MFSD2A is a transmembrane protein that is essential for maintaining blood-brain barrier homeostasis and plays a key role in regulating brain lipogenesis. Human MFSD2A pathogenic variants are associated with a neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive microcephaly, spasticity, and brain imaging abnormalities (NEDMISBA, OMIM 616486). Here we present evidence for the occurrence of a recessively inherited form of microcephaly in sheep due to a loss-of-function variant in MFSD2A (OMIA 002371-9940). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a spontaneous MFSD2A variant in domestic animals.
Asunto(s)
Microcefalia , Enfermedades de las Ovejas , Simportadores , Humanos , Ovinos/genética , Animales , Microcefalia/genética , Microcefalia/veterinaria , Microcefalia/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Barrera Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Barrera Hematoencefálica/patología , Mutación del Sistema de Lectura , Oveja Doméstica/genética , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , Animales Domésticos/genética , Linaje , Simportadores/genética , Enfermedades de las Ovejas/genéticaRESUMEN
To investigate the effect of different sources of zinc supplements on blood serum parameters, nutrient digestibility, growth performance, carcass characteristics, and intestinal morphology, 18 male Zandi lambs (with initial body weight of 31 ± 1.2 kg and 120 ± 8 days old) were divided into three groups, six animals each in a completely random design. Experimental treatments include (1) control treatment of basal diet without zinc supplementation, (2) basal diet with 40 mg/kg of zinc supplementation from zinc sulfate source, and (3) basal diet with 40 mg/kg of zinc supplementation with origin it was organic (Zn-peptide). All lambs were kept in individual pens with cemented floor and provision of individual feeding and watering. Mean daily weight gain increased with zinc supplementation (P < 0.05), but feed intake and feed conversion ratio were not affected by zinc supplementation in the diet. Zinc supplementation increased the apparent digestibility of the dry matter (P < 0.05), but the digestibility of dietary fat, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were not affected by zinc supplementation. In this experiment, the addition of organic and inorganic supplements to the diet of fattening lambs had no significant effect on serum triglyceride, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and glucose concentrations, and carcass traits. The concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme in the zinc sulfate group was significantly higher than the control and organic zinc groups (P < 0.05). Concentrations of blood urea nitrogen were lower in zinc fed lambs, compared to control (P ≤ 0.05). The villi width in the duodenum was higher in the zinc supplementation treatments (P < 0.05). Also, in the ileum section, the height of the villi in the treatment of zinc sulfate supplement was higher, compared to the complement and control (P < 0.05). The results of this study showed that Zn supplementation, regardless of its source, improved growth performance in fattening lambs. However, no effect was observed on feed intake and efficiency, carcass traits, and blood parameters.
Asunto(s)
Sulfato de Zinc , Zinc , Ovinos , Animales , Masculino , Sulfato de Zinc/farmacología , Detergentes , Suplementos Dietéticos , Dieta/veterinaria , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisisRESUMEN
The effects of sainfoin inclusion (Onobrychis viciifolia) in the finishing concentrate for light lambs on the fatty acid (FA) composition of the ruminal digesta, plasma, and meat were evaluated. Twenty-six weaned male lambs were divided into three groups and fed individually ad libitum for 40 days with one of three concentrates differing in the level of sainfoin inclusion: 0% (0SF), 20% (20SF), and 40% (40SF). The rumen digesta showed an increase in C18:3 n-3 concentration and a decrease in C18:1 t10 concentration when sainfoin was included in the concentrate regardless of the level of inclusion. However, the highest C18:1 t11 and the lowest C18:2 n-6 proportions were obtained only in the 40SF rumen, showing a stronger t11 biohydrogenation pathway. In plasma, most effects were associated with changes in the levels of polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) n-3. The meat FA profile of 40SF lambs presented higher percentages of PUFA n-3 and CLA c9,t11 and a lower PUFA n-6/PUFA n-3 ratio compared with those from 0SF and 20SF diets because of the potentiation of the ruminal t11 pathway. Inclusions of 20 and 40% sainfoin both showed beneficial effects on meat quality; furthermore, these effects were most marked in the 40% sainfoin diet.
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Ácidos Grasos , Rumen , Ovinos , Animales , Masculino , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Rumen/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Dieta/veterinaria , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados/metabolismo , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismoRESUMEN
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP; encoded by ALPL gene) has a critical role in the regulation of phosphate homeostasis postnatally. However, the utero-placental expression of TNSALP and the role in phosphate transport in pregnancy is poorly understood. Estrous cycles of ewes were synchronized, and ewes were euthanized and hysterectomized on Days 1, 9, or 14 of the estrous cycle or bred to fertile rams and euthanized and hysterectomized on Days 9, 12, 17, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110, or 125 of pregnancy. The expression of ALPL mRNA, immunolocalization of TNSALP protein, and quantification and localization of TNSALP enzymatic activity was performed on ovine endometria and placentomes. Day of the estrous cycle did not alter ALPL mRNA expression or enzymatic activity of TNSALP. TNSALP protein localized to uterine epithelial and stromal cells, blood vessels, myometrium, caruncular, and cotyledonary stroma. TNSALP activity was localized to uterine epithelia, blood vessels, caruncular stroma (from Day 70 of gestation), and the apical surface of chorionic epithelia (from Day 50 of gestation). TNSALP protein and activity localized to the apical surface of uterine epithelia during the estrous cycle and in early pregnancy. Endometrial TNSALP enzymatic activity was downregulated on Days 17 and 30 of gestation (P < 0.05). Expression of ALPL mRNA decreased in late gestation in endometria and placentomes (P < 0.05). TNSALP activity peaked in placentomes on Days 70 and 90 of gestation. Collectively, these results suggest a potential role of TNSALP in the regulation of phosphate transport and homeostasis at the maternal-conceptus interface in ruminants.
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Fosfatasa Alcalina , Placenta , Embarazo , Ovinos , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Placenta/metabolismo , Fosfatasa Alcalina/metabolismo , Útero/metabolismo , Endometrio/metabolismo , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Fosfatos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Background: Prolactin (PRL) has been reported to be associated with oxidative stress, which is an important contributor leading to cell apoptosis. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the effects of PRL on cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in ovine ovarian granulosa cells (GCs). Methods: Ovine ovarian GCs were treated with 0, 4, 20, 100 and 500 ng/mL of PRL. Then, the cytotoxicity, cell viability, malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of GCs were detected. Additionally, 500 ng/mL PRL was chosen as the high PRL concentration (HPC) due to its high cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. Proteomic and metabonomic were performed to examine the overall difference in proteins and metabolic pathways between C (control: 0 ng/mL PRL) and P groups (500 ng/mL PRL). Results: The results indicated that GCs treated with 4 ng/mL PRL significantly decreased (P < 0.05) the cytotoxicity, ROS and MDA, increased (P < 0.05) the cell viability, SOD and T-AOC, and the GCs treated with 500 ng/mL PRL showed the opposite trend (P < 0.05). Supplementation with 500 ng/mL PRL significantly increased the proteins of MT-ND1, MAPK12, UBA52 and BCL2L1, which were enriched in ROS and mitophagy pathways. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the pentose phosphate pathway was significantly enriched in the P group. Conclusion: A low concentration of PRL inhibited cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. HPC induced oxidative stress in ovine ovarian GCs via the pentose phosphate pathway by modulating the associated proteins MT-ND1 in ROS pathway and UBA52, MAPK12 and BCL2L1 in mitophagy pathway, resulting in cytotoxicity.
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Prolactina , Proteómica , Femenino , Ovinos , Animales , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Prolactina/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Células de la Granulosa , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismoRESUMEN
Novel small RNAs derived from tRNAs are continuously identified, however, their biological functions are rarely reported. Here, we accidentally found the reads peak at 32nt during statistical analysis on the miRNA-seq data of lamb skin tissue, and found that it was related to the wool type of lambs. This 32nt peak was composed of small tRNA fragments. The main component sequence of this peak was a novel small tRNA derived from Glycyl tRNA (tRNAGly), the expression level of tRNAGly-derived tRNA fragments (tRFGly) was 5.77 folds higher in the coarse wool lambs than that in the fine wool lambs. However, in contrast, the expression of tRNAGly in the skin of fine wool lambs is 6.28 folds more than that in coarse wool lambs. tRNAGly promoted the synthesis of high glycine protein including KAP6 in fine wool lamb skin. These proteins were reported as the major genes for fine curly wool. Integrative analysis of target gene prediction, proteomics and metabolomics results revealed that tRFGly reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skin of coarse wool lambs by targeted inhibition of the Metabolic signal and the corresponding Glutathione metabolic pathway, on the contrary, the level of oxidative stress in the skin of fine wool lambs was significantly higher. This study revealed for the first time the relationship between tRNAGly and its derived tRFGly and animal traits. tRFGly has the function of targeting and regulating protein synthesis. At the same time, tRFGly can reduce the expression of its resource complete tRNA, thereby reducing its ability to transport specific amino acid and affecting the expression of corresponding proteins.
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ARN de Transferencia de Glicerina , Lana , Ovinos/genética , Animales , Lana/metabolismo , ARN de Transferencia de Glicerina/metabolismo , ARN de Transferencia/metabolismo , Oveja Doméstica/genética , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/genéticaRESUMEN
The herb A. squarrosum is reputed to possess medicinal properties for humans, and has the potential to be a feed resource for livestock. We hypothesized that this herb would improve the meat quality of lambs. To test this hypothesis, 24 Tan ewe-lambs (27.7 ± 0.45 kg) were offered diets containing 0 (CON), 100 (AS100), 200 (AS200) and 300 (AS300) g A. squarrosum/kg DM, and average daily gain, carcass traits, blood metabolites, meat quality and fatty acid profiles were determined. Drip loss % and cooking loss % decreased with the AS100 and AS200 diets (P < 0.05). Dietary A. squarrosum reduced muscle fiber area and diameter and increased density of the meat (P < 0.05), which indicated that the meat was more tender. The concentrations of C10:0 and C18:1n-9 t were 1ower and of C17:0 and C18:3n-3 were greater in the AS200 and AS300 treatments than CON (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that feeding lambs up to 200 g/kg DM of A. squarrosum can increase the water-holding capacity and L* value of meat without compromising growth. Further research is needed to determine the optimal level.
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Ácidos Grasos , Oveja Doméstica , Femenino , Ovinos , Animales , Humanos , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , Dieta/veterinaria , Carne/análisis , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Alimentación Animal/análisisRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of replacing soyhulls (SH) for ground Rhodes grass hay (RGH) in a pelleted diet on ingestive behavior, digestibility, blood metabolites, growth performance, and economic viability of fattening Lohi lambs. A total of thirty male lambs (age: 5 months; body weight 20.4 ± 0.24 kg) were allotted to one of the three diets (n = 10 lambs/diet) under a completely randomized design. The diets were with 25% RGH inclusion (control), replacing 15% RGH with 15% SH as a fiber source (SH-15), and containing only 25% SH inclusion on a dry basis (SH-25). Ingestive behavior parameters like time spent (min/day), bouts frequency (number/day), and bout length (min/bout) for feeding, drinking, rumination, chewing, standing, and lying were not influenced (P > 0.05) by replacing RGH with SH. The dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) chewing rate, rumination rate, and feeding efficiency were also not changed (P > 0.05) by dietary treatments, whereas total dry matter and NDF intakes, and their rumination efficiencies were lower (P < 0.05) for the SH-25 than for the rest of the treatments. The digestibility of NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF) was higher (P < 0.05) for the SH-25 than for the rest of the treatments. The concentrations of blood metabolites like glucose, blood nitrogen, and cholesterol were not changed (P > 0.05) among the treatment groups. Similarly, performance parameters like dry matter intake, initial and final body weight, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio were similar (P > 0.05) across the treatments. However, the incidence of loose fecal consistency was higher (P < 0.05) for SH-25 than for the control. The values of economic efficiency were better for SH-25-fed lambs than those fed the rest of the treatments. Based on the results, substituting SH for RGH in a pelleted diet improved the digestibility of fiber fractions, and economics without affecting the growth performance, and blood metabolites of fattening lambs. However, lower rumination efficiency and loos fecal consistency are evidencing less effectiveness of SH fiber.
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Detergentes , Fibras de la Dieta , Ovinos , Animales , Masculino , Detergentes/metabolismo , Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo , Digestión , Dieta/veterinaria , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , Nutrientes , Peso Corporal , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Rumen/metabolismoRESUMEN
This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of vegetable oils as calcium salt on immune responses and the expression of immune-related genes in vaccinated lambs. Twenty-four lambs (35 kg body weight, 6 months old) were assigned to four treatments with six replicates in a completely randomized design for 40 days. Four concentrates were formulated in which the calcium salts of palm oil, canola oil, corn oil, and flaxseed oil were used. On day 30 of the experiment, lambs were vaccinated by a dose of foot-and-mouth disease virus. The blood samples were collected from jugular vein 10 days after vaccination. The level of malondialdehyde and the activity of liver enzymes were the highest in lambs receiving corn oil and the lowest in lambs receiving flaxseed oil. The highest lymphocytes and the lowest neutrophil percentages were observed in lambs receiving flaxseed oil. There was a significant difference among treatments for the relative genes expression. Flaxseed oil significantly upregulated interferon-γ and corn oil upregulated interleukin-1ß. The highest titer against foot-and-mouth disease virus was related to lambs receiving flaxseed oil, and the lowest titer was related to lambs that received corn oil. Flaxseed oil had more beneficial effects on immune response than other oils.
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Antioxidantes , Aceite de Linaza , Ovinos , Animales , Aceite de Linaza/farmacología , Aceite de Maíz , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Calcio/metabolismo , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
Five diets containing Acacia mearnsii leaf-meal (AMLM; 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 g/kg DM) substituted for Triticum aestivum bran were fed to lambs for 42 days. The effect of diet and retail display period on meat fatty acid (FA) composition (day 1); colour, antioxidant activity, myoglobin and lipid oxidation (day 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9); protein oxidation (1, 3 and 7 d) and instrumental tenderness (day 1, 5 and 10) were evaluated. Dietary AMLM linearly decreased (P ≤ 0.05) individual (14:0, 16:0, 18:0) and total saturated FA and increased (P ≤ 0.05) trans(t)-monounsaturated FA (MUFA) mainly t10/t11-18:1, individual and total conjugated linoleic acids, n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) contents. The contents of cis(c)-MUFA, mainly c9-18:1, exhibited a quadratic response reaching a minimum at 50 g/kg AMLM (P ≤ 0.05). Meat antioxidant on day 9 was higher (P ≤ 0.05) for diets containing ≥100 g/kg DM AMLM compared to the other diet × retail display period interactions. Relative to the other interactions, meat redness values were lowest on day 7 and 9 for AMLM diets containing ≥150 g/kg DM (P ≤ 0.05). Dietary addition of AMLM increased (P ≤ 0.05) meat lightness and oxymyoglobin, and reduced (P ≤ 0.05) TBARS and instrumental tenderness values. However, oxymyoglobin values declined (P ≤ 0.05) over the retail display period, while lightness, metmyoglobin, TBARS and carbonyls increased (P ≤ 0.05). Results indicate that AMLM up to 200 g/kg DM in lamb finisher diets, improves meat fatty acid composition, tenderness, and lipid shelf-life.
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Acacia , Ácidos Grasos , Ovinos , Animales , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Sustancias Reactivas al Ácido Tiobarbitúrico , Dieta/veterinaria , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , Carne/análisis , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-6 , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Alimentación Animal/análisisRESUMEN
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of polyacrylamide (PAM) supplementation on the intake, digestion, weight gain, metabolism and growth of lambs. A total of ten 30 days old male small-tailed Han lambs with a body weight of 7.7±0.5 kg were divided into two equal groups (n = 5 each) and fed a basal diet or diet supplemented with 2.0 g of PAM per kg diet. The duration of the experiment was 210 days and experimental diets were fed ad libitum throughout the experimental period. Voluntary feed intake (VFI) was measured on daily basis, while body weight was measured on every ten days of the experiment.Two digestive and metabolic trials were conducted at the lamb's age of 95 to 103 days (Trial 1) and at the age of 210 to 218 days (Trial 2). At the end of experiment, all lambs were slaughtered to determine carcass characteristics. Results of the current study showed that supplementation of PAM in the diet of lambs increased the VFI and daily body gain by 14.4% (P < 0.05) and 15.2% (P < 0.01), respectively. In Trial 1, PAM supplementation in the diet increased the digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), cellulose, energy, and nitrogen retention by 7.9%, 5.4%, 6.4%, 9.6%, 4.3% and 30.3% (P < 0.01), respectively, and in Trial 2, PAM supplementation in the diet increased the digestibility of DM, OM, CP, cellulose, energy, and nitrogen retention by 9.3%, 7.9%, 7.7%, 11.6%, 6.9% and 38.5% (P < 0.01), respectively. Results of carcass parameter explored that supplementation of PAM in the diet increased the carcass, net meat and lean meat weights by 24.5%, 25.5%, and 30.6% (P < 0.01), respectively, however, PAM supplementation in the diet did not influence the contents of DM, OM, or CP in fresh liver, leg muscle, and rumen tissue; in addition, the CP contents in the Longissimus dorsi muscle was decreased by the supplementation of PAM in the diet. In summary, supplementation of 2.0 g of PAM per kg diet increased the VFI, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and carcass yield of lambs.
Asunto(s)
Resinas Acrílicas , Alimentación Animal , Suplementos Dietéticos , Animales , Masculino , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Peso Corporal , Celulosa/farmacología , Dieta/veterinaria , Digestión/efectos de los fármacos , Digestión/fisiología , Ingestión de Alimentos , Nitrógeno/metabolismo , Nutrientes , Rumen/metabolismo , Ovinos/metabolismo , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , Resinas Acrílicas/administración & dosificación , Resinas Acrílicas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
ABCG2 is an ATP-binding cassette efflux transporter that is expressed in absorptive and excretory organs such as liver, intestine, kidney, brain and testis where it plays a crucial physiological and toxicological role in protecting cells against xenobiotics, affecting pharmacokinetics of its substrates. In addition, the induction of ABCG2 expression in mammary gland during lactation is related to active secretion of many toxicants into milk. In this study, the in vitro interactions between ABCG2 and three pesticides flupyradifurone, bupirimate and its metabolite ethirimol were investigated to check whether these compounds are substrates and/or inhibitors of this transporter. Using in vitro transepithelial assays with cells transduced with murine, ovine and human ABCG2, we showed that ethirimol and flupyradifurone were transported efficiently by murine Abcg2 and ovine ABCG2 but not by human ABCG2. Bupirimate was not found to be an in vitro substrate of ABCG2 transporter. Accumulation assays using mitoxantrone in transduced MDCK-II cells suggest that none of the tested pesticides were efficient ABCG2 inhibitors, at least in our experimental conditions. Our studies disclose that ethirimol and flupyradifurone are in vitro substrates of murine and ovine ABCG2, opening the possibility of a potential relevance of ABCG2 in the toxicokinetics of these pesticides.
Asunto(s)
Plaguicidas , Masculino , Femenino , Animales , Ovinos , Humanos , Ratones , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2/genética , Transportador de Casetes de Unión a ATP, Subfamilia G, Miembro 2/metabolismo , Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/genética , Transportadoras de Casetes de Unión a ATP/metabolismo , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismoRESUMEN
Hepatocytes from 4 wethers were used to study the effects of carnitine and increasing concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine on palmitate oxidation and esterification. Liver cells were isolated from the wethers and incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer with 1 mM [14C]-palmitate. Radiolabel incorporation was measured in CO2, acid-soluble products, and esterified products, including triglyceride, diglyceride, and cholesterol esters. Carnitine increased production of CO2 and acid-soluble products from palmitate by 41% and 216%, respectively, but had no effect on conversion of palmitate to esterified products. Epinephrine had a quadratic-increasing effect on palmitate oxidation to CO2, but norepinephrine did not increase palmitate oxidation to CO2. Neither epinephrine nor norepinephrine affected the production of acid-soluble products from palmitate. Increasing concentrations of norepinephrine and epinephrine linearly increased rates of triglyceride formation from palmitate. Increasing norepinephrine concentrations linearly increased diglyceride and cholesterol ester formation from palmitate in the presence of carnitine; epinephrine did not affect diglyceride or cholesterol ester formation. In general, catecholamine treatment had the greatest effect on the formation of esterified products from palmitate, and effects of norepinephrine were more pronounced than epinephrine. Conditions that result in catecholamine release might lead to fat accumulation in the liver.
Asunto(s)
Carnitina , Palmitatos , Animales , Ovinos , Masculino , Palmitatos/farmacología , Palmitatos/metabolismo , Carnitina/farmacología , Carnitina/metabolismo , Diglicéridos/metabolismo , Diglicéridos/farmacología , Norepinefrina/farmacología , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Ésteres del Colesterol/metabolismo , Ésteres del Colesterol/farmacología , Esterificación , Dióxido de Carbono/metabolismo , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Oxidación-Reducción , Hígado/metabolismo , Epinefrina/farmacología , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismoRESUMEN
The objective was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation with natural antioxidants from Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) on the performance, carcass and meat characteristics, and fatty acid profile in meat and fat of Texel × Ile de France lambs kept in Brachiaria-grass pasture. Twenty lambs with a mean age of 90 days and 26.3 kg of BW were distributed in a completely randomized design in two treatments with 10 replicates/treatment: Control-protein-energy supplement based on corn and soybean meal (150 g/kg DM of crude protein) without the addition of natural antioxidant yerba mate and Yerba Mate - energy protein supplement with the addition of yerba mate (110 g/kg DM). There was no treatment effect on animal performance and carcass characteristics. The subcutaneous fat thickness was significantly higher for lambs treated without yerba mate. There was no effect of nutritional treatments on the oxidative markers of lamb meat. The muscle of the animals treated with yerba mate showed a higher concentration of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids elaidic, linolenic, thymnodonic, docosadienoic, and ceorvonic. The fat of the animals treated with yerba mate showed a higher concentration of palmitoleic acid, linoelaidic acid, heneicosanoic acid, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid, and arachidonic acid. The concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids was significantly higher in meat and fat of lambs treated with yerba mate. Including yerba mate in the diet of lambs kept on Brachiaria pastures improves the lipid profile of polyunsaturated fatty acids in meat and fat, without altering the performance of the animals.
Asunto(s)
Ilex paraguariensis , Animales , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Antioxidantes , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Insaturados , Ilex paraguariensis/metabolismo , Carne/análisis , Ovinos , Oveja Doméstica/metabolismoRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the effect of rumen pH-adjusting additives in the high-concentrated diet on functional traits, nutrient digestion, some meat parameters, and histomorphometry, and rumen histopathology. Twenty-four Arabia male lambs with 3 to 4 months old and initial body weight of 23.9 ± 3.15 kg were used in a completely randomized design with three treatments and eight replicates. The study was 77 days, including 14 days of the adaptation period and 63 days of the record taking and sampling period. The experimental treatments consisted of a control diet, control diet + sodium bicarbonate buffer, control diet + Megasphaera elsdenii, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bacterial-yeast). Rumen fluid was taken by stomach tube at 3 h after morning feeding to measure pH. The lambs were weighed every 3 weeks during the period, and the body weight changes, average daily gain, and total weight gain were measured, and the feed conversion ratio was calculated. At the end of the experiment, the lambs were slaughtered, and the longissimus dorsi muscle was prepared to determine the meat parameters. For histological studies, the abdominal rumen sac was sampled. There were no differences among treatments in dry matter intake (DMI), daily weight gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (P > 0.05). Propionate concentration was higher in the bacteria-yeast treatment than other treatments (P < 0.05). Protein digestibility was higher in control and bacteria-yeast treatments than buffer treatment (P < 0.05). The percentage of meat protein, carcass weight, and dressing percentage in bacterial-yeast treatment was higher than other treatments (P < 0.05). Rumen wall thickness in the buffer and bacterial-yeast receiving treatments was greater than the control treatment and was significant in the buffer treatment compared to the control treatment (P < 0.05). The thickness of rumen epithelial tissue in the buffer and bacterial-yeast recipient treatments was less than the control treatment (P < 0.05). Rumen papillae thickness was higher in the control treatment than other treatments (P < 0.05). Hydropic degeneration and parakeratosis were less in pH-regulating treatments than in control. The results showed that the use of Megasphaera elsdenii could be an effective way to modulate the ruminal fermentation conditions of lambs fed with high concentrate diets. In addition, to increaseing dressing percentage and meat protein, it can also reduce tissue damage and improve ruminal tissue structure.