RESUMEN
Inulin is a plant polysaccharide which, due to its chemical structure, is not digestible by human gut enzymes but by some bacteria of the human microbiota, acting as a prebiotic. Consequently, inulin consumption has been associated with changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota related to an improvement of the metabolic state, counteracting different obesity-related disturbances. However, the specific mechanisms of action, including bacterial changes, are not exactly known. Here, a bibliographic review was carried out to study the main effects of inulin on human metabolic health, with a special focus on the mechanisms of action of this prebiotic. Inulin supplementation contributes to body weight and BMI control, reduces blood glucose levels, improves insulin sensitivity, and reduces inflammation markers, mainly through the selective favoring of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producer species from the genera Bifidobacterium and Anaerostipes. These SCFAs have been shown to ameliorate glucose metabolism and decrease hepatic lipogenesis, reduce inflammation, modulate immune activity, and improve anthropometric parameters such as body weight or BMI. In conclusion, the studies collected suggest that inulin intake produces positive metabolic effects through the improvement of the intestinal microbiota and through the metabolites produced by its fermentation.
Asunto(s)
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inulina , Prebióticos , Humanos , Inulina/farmacología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/microbiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Glucemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Resistencia a la InsulinaRESUMEN
Spinal cord injury (SCI) results in numerous systemic dysfunctions, including intestinal dysmotility and enteric nervous system (ENS) atrophy. The ENS has capacity to recover following perturbation, yet intestinal pathologies persist. With emerging evidence demonstrating SCI-induced alterations to gut microbiome composition, we hypothesized that microbiome modulation contributes to post-injury enteric recovery. Here, we show that intervention with the dietary fiber, inulin, prevents SCI-induced ENS atrophy and dysmotility in mice. While SCI-associated microbiomes and specific injury-sensitive gut microbes are not sufficient to modulate intestinal dysmotility after injury, intervention with microbially-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites prevents ENS dysfunctions in injured mice. Notably, inulin-mediated resilience is dependent on IL-10 signaling, highlighting a critical diet-microbiome-immune axis that promotes ENS resilience post-injury. Overall, we demonstrate that diet and microbially-derived signals distinctly impact ENS survival after traumatic spinal injury and represent a foundation to uncover etiological mechanisms and future therapeutics for SCI-induced neurogenic bowel.
Asunto(s)
Sistema Nervioso Entérico , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal , Animales , Traumatismos de la Médula Espinal/microbiología , Ratones , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Inulina/metabolismo , Inulina/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Dieta , Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , FemeninoRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age, is closely associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and metabolic disturbances. In PCOS mice, dietary inulin has been demonstrated to regulate intestinal flora and inflammation. However, the efficacy of dietary inulin in clinical PCOS remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The intestinal flora and related metabolic indexes of obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) after 3 months of inulin treatment were analyzed. SETTING AND DESIGN: To analyze the intestinal flora and related metabolic indexes in healthy controls and obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome after 3 months of inulin treatment. RESULTS: The results showed that dietary inulin improved sex hormone disorders, reduced BMI and WHR levels in obese women with PCOS. In addition, the inulin intervention reduced plasma TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, and MCP-1levels. Inulin intervention increased the abundance of Actinobacteria, Fusobacteria, Lachnospira, and Bifidobacterium, as well as decreased the ratio of F/B and the abundance of proteobacteria, Sutterella, and Enterobacter. Correlation analyses showed a strong relationship among plasma inflammatory factors, sex steroid hormones, and the intestinal flora of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary inulin may improve obese PCOS women disease through the gut flora-inflammation-steroid hormone pathway. THE CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ChiCTR-IOR-17012281.
Asunto(s)
Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inulina , Obesidad , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Inulina/farmacología , Obesidad/microbiología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/microbiología , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In reproductive biotechnology, sperm cryopreservation has a vital role to play. Cryopreservation of sperm produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which disrupt sperm function and structural competence. Numerous protective chemicals, including fructans, have been used during sperm cryopreservation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of the fructosan inulin on ram sperm quality parameters, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) production after freezing and thawing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The pooled samples from four healthy rams were divided into seven equal aliquots and diluted in a Tris-base extender supplemented with 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 28 mM of inulin or without inulin supplementation (control). By using liquid nitrogen vapor, the semen was frozen and stored at 196 degree C. RESULTS: The total motility, viability, and DNA integrity were significantly improved after freeze-thawing with 28 mM inulin, compared to other treatment groups (P < 0.05). A Tris-based extender containing 16 and 28 mM of inulin displayed the highest levels of ram sperm membrane integrity when compared with the control (p <0.05). The abnormality of ram sperm was increased during freeze-thawing at control and 1 mM of inulin, compared to 16 and 28 mM of inulin (P < 0.05). Additionally, 28 mM of inulin decreased MDA and increased SOD activity in ram sperm in comparison with the other treatments (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: As a result, 28 mM of inulin could be beneficial for the cryopreservation industry and reduce the harmful effects of freeze-thawing on ram sperm. Doi.org/10.54680/fr24510110512.
Asunto(s)
Criopreservación , Crioprotectores , Inulina , Malondialdehído , Preservación de Semen , Motilidad Espermática , Espermatozoides , Superóxido Dismutasa , Masculino , Criopreservación/métodos , Criopreservación/veterinaria , Inulina/farmacología , Preservación de Semen/métodos , Preservación de Semen/veterinaria , Animales , Espermatozoides/efectos de los fármacos , Espermatozoides/fisiología , Ovinos , Motilidad Espermática/efectos de los fármacos , Crioprotectores/farmacología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Malondialdehído/metabolismo , Análisis de Semen , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , CongelaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Preliminary evidence suggests that people with schizophrenia have decreased relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria in the gut microbiota. Butyrate plays a critical role in maintaining the integrity of the gut-blood barrier and has a number of anti-inflammatory effects. This proof-of-concept study was designed to assess whether the addition of the oligofructose-enriched inulin (OEI) prebiotic: Prebiotin could increase the production of butyrate. METHODS: Twenty-seven people who met the criteria for either Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder were entered into a 10-day, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. The study was conducted on an inpatient unit to standardize the participant diet and environment. Participants were randomized to either OEI (4 g, 3 times a day) or a placebo (4 g of maltodextrin, 3 times a day). In order to assess the effect of OEI treatment on butyrate levels, participants underwent pretreatment and posttreatment OEI challenges. The primary outcome measure was relative change in postchallenge plasma butyrate levels after 10 days of OEI treatment. RESULTS: In both the intent-to-treat and completer analyses, OEI treatment was associated with a greater number of participants who met the OEI challenge responder criteria than those treated with placebo. OEI treatment was also associated with an increase in baseline butyrate levels (effect size for the group difference in the change of baseline butyrate levels was 0.58). CONCLUSIONS: We were able to demonstrate that treatment with the prebiotic OEI selectively increased the level of plasma butyrate in people with schizophrenia.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT03617783.
Asunto(s)
Butiratos , Oligosacáridos , Prebióticos , Esquizofrenia , Humanos , Esquizofrenia/tratamiento farmacológico , Esquizofrenia/sangre , Prebióticos/administración & dosificación , Método Doble Ciego , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oligosacáridos/administración & dosificación , Oligosacáridos/farmacología , Inulina/administración & dosificación , Inulina/farmacología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Prueba de Estudio Conceptual , Trastornos Psicóticos/tratamiento farmacológico , Trastornos Psicóticos/dietoterapia , Trastornos Psicóticos/sangre , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Dietary strategies rich in fiber have been demonstrated to offer benefits to individuals afflicted with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, the specific mechanisms through which a high-fiber diet (HFD) mitigates RA's autoimmunity remain elusive. Herein, we investigate the influence of pectin- and inulin-rich HFD on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). We establish that HFD significantly alleviates arthritis in CIA mice by regulating the Th17/Treg balance. The rectification of aberrant T cell differentiation by the HFD is linked to the modulation of gut microbiota, augmenting the abundance of butyrate in feces. Concurrently, adding butyrate to the drinking water mirrors the HFD's impact on ameliorating CIA, encompassing arthritis mitigation, regulating intestinal barrier integrity, and restoring the Th17/Treg equilibrium. Butyrate reshapes the metabolic profile of CD4+ T cells in an AMPK-dependent manner. Our research underscores the importance of dietary interventions in rectifying gut microbiota for RA management and offers an explanation of how diet-derived microbial metabolites influence RA's immune-inflammatory-reaction.
Asunto(s)
Artritis Experimental , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inulina , Pectinas , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Pectinas/farmacología , Inulina/farmacología , Inulina/administración & dosificación , Artritis Experimental/dietoterapia , Artritis Experimental/inmunología , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfocitos T CD4-Positivos/inmunología , Masculino , Ratones , Suplementos Dietéticos , Células Th17/inmunología , Células Th17/metabolismo , Ratones Endogámicos DBA , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/inmunología , Linfocitos T Reguladores/metabolismo , Artritis Reumatoide/dietoterapia , Artritis Reumatoide/inmunología , Butiratos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Probiotics and prebiotics have been considered as alternative approaches for promoting health. This study aimed to investigate the anticandidal potential of various probiotic Lactobacillus strains and their cell-free supernatants (CFSs). The study assessed the impact of inulin and some fruits as prebiotics on the growth of selected probiotic strains in relation to their anticandidal activity, production of short-chain fatty acids, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. Results revealed variations in anticandidal activity based on the specific strains and forms of probiotics used. Non-adjusted CFSs were the most effective against Candida strains, followed by probiotic cells and adjusted CFSs (pH 7). Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus SD4, L. rhamnosus SD11 and L. rhamnosus GG displayed the strongest anticandidal activity. Non-adjusted CFSs from L. rhamnosus SD11, L. rhamnosus SD4 and L. paracasei SD1 exhibited notable anticandidal effects. The adjusted CFSs of L. rhamnosus SD11 showed the highest anticandidal activity against all non-albicans Candida (NAC) strains, whereas the others were ineffective. Supplementation of L. rhamnosus SD11 with prebiotics, particularly 2% (w/v) mangosteen, exhibited positive results in promoting probiotic growth, short-chain fatty acids production, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant activity, and the subsequent enhancing anticandidal activity against both C. albicans and NAC strains compared to conditions without prebiotics. In conclusion, both live cells and CFSs of tested strains, particularly L. rhamnosus SD11, exhibited the best anticandidal activity. Prebiotics supplementation, especially mangosteen, enhanced probiotic growth and beneficial metabolites against Candida growth. These finding suggested that probiotics and prebiotic supplementation may be an effective alternative treatment for Candida infections.
Asunto(s)
Lactobacillus , Prebióticos , Probióticos , Probióticos/farmacología , Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Candida/crecimiento & desarrollo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Inulina/farmacología , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/metabolismo , Fenoles/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Fructans are commonly used as dietary fibre supplements for their ability to promote the growth of beneficial gut microbes. However, fructan consumption has been associated with various dosage-dependent side effects. We characterised side effects in an exploratory analysis of a randomised trial in healthy adults (n = 40) who consumed 18 g/day inulin or placebo. We found that individuals weighing more or habitually consuming higher fibre exhibited the best tolerance. Furthermore, we identified associations between gut microbiome composition and host tolerance. Specifically, higher levels of Christensenellaceae R-7 group were associated with gastrointestinal discomfort, and a machine-learning-based approach successfully predicted high levels of flatulence, with [Ruminococcus] torques group and (Oscillospiraceae) UCG-002 sp. identified as key predictive taxa. These data reveal trends that can help guide personalised recommendations for initial inulin dosage. Our results support prior ecological findings indicating that fibre supplementation has the greatest impact on individuals whose baseline fibre intake is lowest.
Asunto(s)
Fibras de la Dieta , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fructanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inulina , Humanos , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Fructanos/farmacología , Inulina/farmacología , Adulto Joven , Peso Corporal , Persona de Mediana Edad , FlatulenciaRESUMEN
Eating behavior is essential to human health. However, whether future eating behavior is subjected to the conditioning of preceding dietary composition is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary fiber consumption on subsequent nutrient-specific food preferences between palatable high-fat and high-sugar diets and explore its correlation with the gut microbiota. C57BL/6NJcl male mice were subjected to a 2-week dietary intervention and fed either a control (n = 6) or inulin (n = 6) diet. Afterward, all mice were subjected to a 3-day eating behavioral test to self-select from the simultaneously presented high-fat and high-sugar diets. The test diet feed intakes were recorded, and the mice's fecal samples were analyzed to evaluate the gut microbiota composition. The inulin-conditioned mice exhibited a preference for the high-fat diet over the high-sugar diet, associated with distinct gut microbiota composition profiles between the inulin-conditioned and control mice. The gut microbiota Oscillospiraceae sp., Bacteroides acidifaciens, and Clostridiales sp. positively correlated with a preference for fat. Further studies with fecal microbiota transplantation and eating behavior-related neurotransmitter analyses are warranted to establish the causal role of gut microbiota on host food preferences. Food preferences induced by dietary intervention are a novel observation, and the gut microbiome may be associated with this preference.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Alta en Grasa , Fibras de la Dieta , Preferencias Alimentarias , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Animales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Heces/microbiología , Inulina/farmacología , Inulina/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/farmacología , Conducta Alimentaria , Bacteroides , ClostridialesRESUMEN
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 in combination with inulin has been shown to have several health benefits, including an improvement in the intestinal microbiota and a reduction in human visceral fat. Previous studies have suggested that the visceral fat reduction of GCL2505 and inulin may be achieved by improving daily energy expenditure. This parallel, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the effects of GCL2505 and inulin on resting energy expenditure (REE) in overweight or mildly obese Japanese adults (n = 44). Participants ingested 1 × 1010 colony forming units of GCL2505 and 5.0 g of inulin daily for 4 weeks. REE score at week 4 was set as the primary endpoint. At week 4, the REE score of the GCL2505 and inulin group was significantly higher than that of the placebo group, with a difference of 84.4 kcal/day. In addition, fecal bifidobacteria counts were significantly increased in the GCL2505 and inulin group. Our results indicated that the intake of GCL2505 and inulin improves energy balance, which is known to be a major factor of obesity, by modulating the microbiota in the gut. This is the first report to demonstrate the effects of probiotics and dietary fiber on REE in humans.
Asunto(s)
Fibras de la Dieta , Heces , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inulina , Obesidad , Probióticos , Humanos , Método Doble Ciego , Masculino , Femenino , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Inulina/administración & dosificación , Inulina/farmacología , Heces/microbiología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Obesidad/microbiología , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Metabolismo Energético , Bifidobacterium , Sobrepeso/microbiología , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Bifidobacterium animalis , Japón , Metabolismo Basal/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Inulin as a natural polysaccharide regulates intestinal microorganisms, and improves the immune and gastrointestinal function. In order to explore the effect of inulin on pulmonary metastasis of colon cancer, we set up a CT26 injected pulmonary metastatic model. The results showed that inulin used alone did not improve pulmonary metastasis of colon cancer, while inulin combined with rifaximin significantly prolonged the survival time of mice, and inhibited pulmonary metastasis compared with model and inulin groups. Inulin treatment increased the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria, while combined treatment decreased their abundance and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria containing Firmicutes and Eubacterium which belonged to the bile acid-related bacteria. The combination treatment decreased the content of primary bile acids and secondary bile acids in the feces of mice, especial for DCA and LCA which were the agonists of TGR5. Furthermore, the combination treatment reduced the mRNA expression of the TGR5, cyclin dependent kinase 4, cyclin 1 and CDK2, increased the mRNA expression of p21 in the lung, down-regulated the level of NF-κB p65, and up-regulated the level of TNF-α compared with the model group. The above may be the reason for the better use of the combination treatment.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos y Sales Biliares , Neoplasias del Colon , Inulina , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Rifaximina , Inulina/farmacología , Animales , Neoplasias del Colon/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias del Colon/patología , Neoplasias del Colon/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundario , Ratones , Ácidos y Sales Biliares/metabolismo , Rifaximina/farmacología , Rifaximina/uso terapéutico , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Masculino , Ratones Endogámicos BALB CRESUMEN
Our previous research found that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and inulin synergistically affected the intestinal barrier and immune system function in chicks. However, does it promote the early immunity of the poultry gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT)? How does it regulate the immunity? We evaluated immune-related indicators in the serum, cecal tonsil, and intestine to determine whether FMT synergistic inulin had a stronger impact on gut health and which gene expression regulation was affected. The results showed that FMT synergistic inulin increased TGF-ß secretion and intestinal goblet cell number and MUC2 expression on day 14. Expression of BAFFR, PAX5, CXCL12, and IL-2 on day 7 and expression of CXCR4 and IL-2 on day 14 in the cecal tonsils significantly increased. The transcriptome indicated that CD28 and CTLA4 were important regulatory factors in intestinal immunity. Correlation analysis showed that differential genes were related to the immunity and development of the gut and cecal tonsil. FMT synergistic inulin promoted the development of GALT, which improved the early-stage immunity of the intestine by regulating CD28 and CTLA4. This provided new measures for replacing antibiotic use and reducing the use of therapeutic drugs while laying a technical foundation for achieving anti-antibiotic production of poultry products.
Asunto(s)
Pollos , Trasplante de Microbiota Fecal , Inulina , Animales , Inulina/farmacología , Pollos/microbiología , Pollos/inmunología , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Intestinos/inmunología , Intestinos/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/inmunología , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Ciego/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Modified biopolymers that are based on prebiotics have been found to significantly contribute to immunomodulatory events. In recent years, there has been a growing use of modified biomaterials and polymer-functionalized nanomaterials in the treatment of various tumors by activating immune cells. However, the effectiveness of immune cells against tumors is hindered by several biological barriers, which highlights the importance of harnessing prebiotic-based biopolymers to enhance host defenses against cancer, thus advancing cancer prevention strategies. Inulin, in particular, plays a crucial role in activating immune cells and promoting the secretion of cytokines. Therefore, this mini-review aims to emphasize the importance of inulin in immunomodulatory responses, the development of inulin-based hybrid biopolymers, and the role of inulin in enhancing immunity and modifying cell surfaces. Furthermore, we discuss the various approaches of chemical modification for inulin and their potential use in cancer treatment, particularly in the field of cancer immunotherapy.
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Materiales Biocompatibles , Inulina , Neoplasias , Inulina/química , Inulina/farmacología , Humanos , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Animales , Neoplasias/inmunología , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias/terapia , Inmunoterapia/métodosRESUMEN
Pomegranate juice (PJ) and inulin have been reported to ameliorate diet-induced metabolic disorders by regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis. However, there was a lack of clinical evidence for the combined effects of PJ and inulin on regulating gut microbiota in individuals with metabolic disorders. A double-blind, parallel, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was conducted, and 68 overweight/obese individuals (25 ≤ BMI ≤ 35 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to receive 200 mL/d PJ, PJ supplemented with inulin, or placebo for 3 weeks. Our results showed that PJ and PJ+inulin did not significantly alter the levels of anthropometric and blood biochemical indicators after 3 weeks of treatment. However, there was an increasingly significant impact from placebo to PJ to PJ+inulin on the composition of gut microbiota. Detailed bacterial abundance analysis further showed that PJ+inulin treatment more profoundly resulted in significant changes in the abundance of gut microbiota at each taxonomic level than PJ. Moreover, PJ+inulin treatment also promoted the production of microbiota-associated short-chain fatty acids and pomegranate polyphenol metabolites, which correlated with the abundance of the bacterial genus. Our results suggested that PJ supplemented with inulin modulates gut microbiota composition and thus promotes the production of microbiota-associated metabolites that exert potential beneficial effects in overweight/obese subjects.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias , Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inulina , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Granada (Fruta) , Humanos , Inulina/farmacología , Inulina/administración & dosificación , Inulina/metabolismo , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Adulto , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/microbiología , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Granada (Fruta)/química , Granada (Fruta)/metabolismo , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sobrepeso/metabolismo , Sobrepeso/microbiología , Sobrepeso/tratamiento farmacológico , Sobrepeso/dietoterapia , Método Doble Ciego , Jugos de Frutas y Vegetales/análisis , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/metabolismo , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin (SBI) prevents translocation and inflammation via direct binding of microbial components. Recently, SBI also displayed potential benefits through gut microbiome modulation. To confirm and expand upon these preliminary findings, SBI digestion and colonic fermentation were investigated using the clinically predictive ex vivo SIFR® technology (for 24 human adults) that was, for the first time, combined with host cells (epithelial/immune (Caco-2/THP-1) cells). SBI (human equivalent dose (HED) = 2 and 5 g/day) and the reference prebiotic inulin (IN; HED = 2 g/day) significantly promoted gut barrier integrity and did so more profoundly than a dietary protein (DP), especially upon LPS-induced inflammation. SBI also specifically lowered inflammatory markers (TNF-α and CXCL10). SBI and IN both enhanced SCFA (acetate/propionate/butyrate) via specific gut microbes, while SBI specifically stimulated valerate/bCFA and indole-3-propionic acid (health-promoting tryptophan metabolite). Finally, owing to the high-powered cohort (n = 24), treatment effects could be stratified based on initial microbiota composition: IN exclusively stimulated (acetate/non-gas producing) Bifidobacteriaceae for subjects classifying as Bacteroides/Firmicutes-enterotype donors, coinciding with high acetate/low gas production and thus likely better tolerability of IN. Altogether, this study strongly suggests gut microbiome modulation as a mechanism by which SBI promotes health. Moreover, the SIFR® technology was shown to be a powerful tool to stratify treatment responses and support future personalized nutrition approaches.
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Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inflamación , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Bovinos , Adulto , Animales , Masculino , Femenino , Células CACO-2 , Inmunoglobulinas , Colon/microbiología , Colon/metabolismo , Colon/efectos de los fármacos , Inulina/farmacología , Células THP-1 , Fermentación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prebióticos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/microbiología , Mucosa Intestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Ácidos Grasos Volátiles/metabolismoRESUMEN
Dietary factors can modify the function of the intestinal barrier, causing permeability changes. This systematic review analyzed evidence on the link between diet or dietary interventions and changes in intestinal barrier permeability (IBP) in healthy individuals. A systematic search for primary studies was conducted using the virtual databases EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Scopus. This review adhered to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, assessing the methodological quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies and ROB 2.0 for randomized clinical trials. Out of 3725 studies recovered, 12 were eligible for review. Chicory inulin and probiotics reduced IBP in adults with a moderate GRADE level of evidence. The opposite result was obtained with fructose, which increased IBP in adults, with a very low GRADE level of evidence. Only intervention studies with different dietary components were found, and few studies evaluated the effect of specific diets on the IBP. Thus, there was no strong evidence that diet or dietary interventions increase or decrease IBP in healthy individuals. Studies on this topic are necessary, with a low risk of bias and good quality of evidence generated, as there is still little knowledge on healthy populations.
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Dieta , Mucosa Intestinal , Permeabilidad , Humanos , Dieta/métodos , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Inulina/administración & dosificación , Inulina/farmacología , Voluntarios Sanos , Fructosa/administración & dosificación , Intestinos/fisiología , Femenino , Masculino , Cichorium intybus/química , Funcion de la Barrera IntestinalRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a worldwide public health problem associated with cognitive and mental health problems in both humans and rats. Studies assessing the effect of fiber supplementation on behavioral deficits and oxidative stress caused by high-fat diet (HFD) consumption in female rats are still scarce. We hypothesized that HFD consumption would lead to anxiety-related behavior and hepatic oxidative stress and that inulin would protect against these changes. We analyzed the impact of HFD-induced obesity combined with fiber supplementation (inulin) on anxiety-related defensive behavior and hepatic oxidative stress. RESULTS: Female rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD; 45%) for nine weeks to induce obesity. The administration of inulin was found to decrease the adiposity index in both the control and obese groups. The consumption of a HFD combined with inulin supplementation resulted in a reduction in both CAT activity and carbonylated protein levels, leading to a shift in the hepatic redox balance. Interestingly, the behavioral data were conflicting. Specifically, animals that consumed a high-fat diet and received inulin showed signs of impaired learning and memory caused by obesity. The HFD did not impact anxiety-related behaviors in the female rats. However, inulin appears to have an anxiolytic effect, in the ETM, when associated with the HFD. On the other hand, inulin appears to have affected the locomotor activity in the HFD in both open field and light-dark box. CONCLUSION: Our results show that consumption of a HFD induced obesity in female rats, similar to males. However, HFD consumption did not cause a consistent increase in anxiety-related behaviors in female Wistar rats. Treatment with inulin at the dosage used did not exert consistent changes on the behavior of the animals, but attenuated the abdominal WAT expansion and the hepatic redox imbalance elicited by high-fat diet-induced obesity.
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Ansiedad , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Inulina , Hígado , Obesidad , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Femenino , Inulina/farmacología , Inulina/administración & dosificación , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Ansiedad/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Ratas , Suplementos Dietéticos , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Fibras de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Conducta Animal/fisiología , Modelos Animales de EnfermedadRESUMEN
High polymerization persimmon tannin has been reported to have lipid-lowering effects. Unfortunately, the poor solubility restricts its application. This research aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of inulin on solubilizing of persimmon tannin. Furthermore, we examined whether the addition of inulin would affect the attenuated obesity effect of persimmon tannin. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) results demonstrated that inulin formed a gel-like network structure, which enabled the encapsulation of persimmon tannin through hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions, thereby inhibiting the self-aggregation of persimmon tannin. The turbidity of the persimmon tannin solution decreased by 56.2â¯%, while the polyphenol content in the supernatant increased by 60.0â¯%. Furthermore, biochemical analysis and 16s rRNA gene sequencing technology demonstrated that persimmon tannin had a significant anti-obesity effect and improved intestinal health in HFD-fed mice. Moreover, inulin was found to have a positive effect on enhancing the health benefits of persimmon tannin, including improving hepatic steatosis and gut microbiota dysbiosis. it enhanced the abundance of beneficial core microbes while decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria. Our findings expand the applications of persimmon tannin in the food and medical sectors.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Antiobesidad , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inulina , Obesidad , Solubilidad , Taninos , Inulina/química , Inulina/farmacología , Taninos/química , Taninos/farmacología , Animales , Ratones , Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacología , Fármacos Antiobesidad/química , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Polimerizacion , Diospyros/química , Masculino , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Polifenoles/química , Polifenoles/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Gut microbiota manipulation may reverse metabolic abnormalities in obesity. Our previous studies demonstrated that inulin supplementation significantly promoted Bifidobacterium and fat-free mass in obese children. We aimed to study gut-muscle axis from inulin supplementation in these children. In clinical phase, the plasma samples from 46 participants aged 7-15 years, were analyzed for muscle biomarkers before and after 6-month inulin supplementation. In parallel, the plausible mechanism of muscle production via gut-muscle axis was examined using macrophage cell line. Bifidobacterium was cultured in semi-refined medium with inulin used in the clinical phase. Cell-free supernatant was collected and used in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage cell line to determine inflammatory and anti-inflammatory gene expression. In clinical phase, IL-15 and creatinine/cystatin C ratio significantly increased from baseline to the 6th month. In vitro study showed that metabolites derived from Bifidobacterium capable of utilizing inulin contained the abundance of SCFAs. In the presence of LPS, treatment from Bifidobacterium + inulin downregulated TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1ß, and iNOS, but upregulated FIZZ-1 and TGF-ß expression. Inulin supplementation promoted the muscle biomarkers in agreement with fat-free mass gain, elucidating by Bifidobacterium metabolites derived from inulin digestion showed in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and decreased systemic pro-inflammation, thus promoting muscle production via gut-muscle axis response.Clinical Trial Registry number: NCT03968003.
Asunto(s)
Bifidobacterium , Suplementos Dietéticos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Inulina , Inulina/farmacología , Inulina/administración & dosificación , Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Masculino , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Biomarcadores , Obesidad Infantil/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Lipopolisacáridos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This study is aimed at assessing the impact of soluble dietary fiber inulin on the treatment of diabetes-related chronic inflammation and kidney injury in mice with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The T2DM model was created by feeding the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice a high-fat diet and intraperitoneally injecting them with streptozotocin (50 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days). The thirty-six ICR mice were divided into three dietary groups: the normal control (NC) group, the T2DM (DM) group, and the DM + inulin diet (INU) group. The INU group mice were given inulin at the dose of 500 mg/kg gavage daily until the end of the 12th week. After 12 weeks, the administration of inulin resulted in decreased serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine (CRE). The administration of inulin not only ameliorated renal injury but also resulted in a reduction in the mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors in the spleen and serum oxidative stress levels, when compared to the DM group. Additionally, inulin treatment in mice with a T2DM model led to a significant increase in the concentrations of three primary short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid), while the concentration of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), a prominent inflammatory factor in diabetes, exhibited a significant decrease. The results of untargeted metabolomics indicate that inulin has the potential to alleviate inflammatory response and kidney damage in diabetic mice. This beneficial effect is attributed to its impact on various metabolic pathways, including glycerophospholipid metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and tryptophan metabolism. Consequently, oral inulin emerges as a promising treatment option for diabetes and kidney injury.