RESUMEN
To evaluate the efficiency of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the midpalatal suture (MPS) and pain sensation in patients undergoing rapid palatal expansion (RPE). Thirty-four individuals with the diagnosis of skeletal maxillary hypoplasia were divided in two groups: laser (n = 18) and control (n = 16). Treatment plan consisted of the use of the Hyrax expander in all patients. Subjects in the laser group were irradiated with diode laser (980 nm, 0.3 W) in six spots bilaterally distributed along the MPS for 10 s during the active phase of treatment and after overcorrection (passive phase of RPE). Control group received sham irradiations with the laser in standby mode to characterize the placebo effect. Digital occlusal radiographs were performed at different time-points for bone formation evaluation in both groups. The effects of laser irradiation on pain were assessed by the visual analog scale (Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale). Bone formation between groups was not significantly different (p = 0.2273). At 3 months, bone formation was not yet complete in both groups. Pain sensation was similar between groups (p = 0.3940). However, pain was significantly higher for the first 7 days of treatment compared with the 14th day. PBMT did not accelerate bone regeneration in the MPS and pain sensation was similar.
Asunto(s)
Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad , Osteogénesis/efectos de la radiación , Técnica de Expansión Palatina , Hueso Paladar/fisiología , Hueso Paladar/efectos de la radiación , Suturas , Regeneración Ósea/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
The aim of this study was to analyze the efficacy of using rhBMP-2 (recombinant human morphogenetic protein-2) in the treatment of patients with cleft lip and palate defects (CLPD). Seven databases were screened: PubMed (Medline), Lilacs, Ibecs, Web of Science, BBO, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library. Clinical trials that evaluated the use of bioactive treatment with rhBMP-2 in the treatment of patients with CLPD were included. Statistical analyses were performed by comparing the standardized mean difference of bone formation volume and bone filling percentage (p = 0.05). Ten studies compared the use of rhBMP-2 and iliac crest bone graft (ICBG). The global analysis for bone formation volume and bone filling percentage showed that bioactive materials were similar to ICBG with a standardized mean difference of respectively 0.07 (95% CI - 0.41 to 0.56) and 0.24 (95% CI - 0.32 to 0.80). The available literature suggested that use of rhBMP-2 presented similar bone formation results to those of ICBG in secondary alveolar bone grafting for patients with CLPD.
Asunto(s)
Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 2/uso terapéutico , Labio Leporino/tratamiento farmacológico , Fisura del Paladar/tratamiento farmacológico , Factor de Crecimiento Transformador beta/uso terapéutico , Trasplante Óseo/métodos , Labio Leporino/epidemiología , Fisura del Paladar/epidemiología , Humanos , Anomalías Maxilofaciales/tratamiento farmacológico , Anomalías Maxilofaciales/epidemiología , Hueso Paladar/efectos de los fármacos , Hueso Paladar/embriología , Hueso Paladar/fisiología , Proteínas Recombinantes/uso terapéutico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Establishing the genetic basis that underlies craniofacial variability in natural populations is one of the main topics of evolutionary and developmental studies. One of the genes associated with mammal craniofacial variability is RUNX2, and in the present study we investigated the association between craniofacial length and width and RUNX2 across New World bats (Phyllostomidae) and primates (Catarrhini and Platyrrhini). Our results showed contrasting patterns of association between the glutamate/alanine ratios (Q/A ratio) and palate shape in these highly diverse groups. In phyllostomid bats, we found an association between shorter/broader faces and increase of the Q/A ratio. In New World monkeys (NWM) there was a positive correlation of increasing Q/A ratios to more elongated faces. Our findings reinforced the role of the Q/A ratio as a flexible genetic mechanism that would rapidly change the time of skull ossification throughout development. However, we propose a scenario in which the influence of this genetic adjustment system is indirect. The Q/A ratio would not lead to a specific phenotype, but throughout the history of a lineage, would act along with evolutionary constraints, as well as other genes, as a facilitator for adaptive morphological changes.
Asunto(s)
Quirópteros/genética , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Hueso Paladar/fisiología , Platirrinos/genética , Alanina/análisis , Animales , Teorema de Bayes , Evolución Biológica , Quirópteros/clasificación , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/química , Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/metabolismo , Bases de Datos Genéticas , Ácido Glutámico/análisis , Hueso Paladar/anatomía & histología , Filogenia , Platirrinos/clasificación , Cráneo/anatomía & histología , Cráneo/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Introdução: Na odontologia forense, a cavidade oral tem um importante papel devido a sua anatomiaúnica. A queiloscopia e a rugoscopia são métodos de identificação seguros e acurados. Objetivos: Osobjetivos da presente pesquisa foram: a) avaliar a praticabilidade das técnicas empregadas; b) avaliar aunicidade das amostras; c) traçar um perfil das rugas palatinas e sulcos labiais de alunos do curso deOdontologia da UERN. Materiais e métodos: Foram feitas moldagens no palato com o auxilio demoldeiras de estoque e alginato. Modelos de estudo foram feitos com gesso tipo III. Para a obtenção dasimpressões labiais, foram utilizados um batom de cor vermelha, uma folha de papel de cor branca e umaplaca de vidro. Para classificar as impressões labiais foi utilizado o sistema de classificação de Suzuki eTsuchihashi. Para a classificação das rugas palatinas foi o utilizado o sistema de Martin dos Santos.Resultados: Ao todo foram coletadas 60 amostras, sendo 30 impressões labiais e 30 modelos comimpressões das rugas palatinas. As rugas palatinas do tipo sinuosa foram as mais encontradas. Os sulcoslabiais com maior ocorrência foram dos tipos bifurcados. Conclusões: A queiloscopia e a palatoscopiasão técnicas de identificação humana aplicáveis, porém é necessário que mais estudos sejam realizadospara que as mesmas sejam utilizadas com mais frequência entre os órgãos de investigaçõescompetentes. As técnicas mostraram-se exequíveis e as amostras singulares. Foi encontrada uma maiorocorrência de rugas palatinas sinuosas e uma predominância de sulcos labiais bifurcados.
Introduction: In forensic dentistry, the oral cavity plays a very important role because of the uniqueanatomy. The cheiloscopy and palatoscopy are self and accurate methods of identification. Objectives:The objectives of this research were: a)assess the feasibility of techniques b) assess the uniqueness ofthe sample c) draw a profile of wrinkles and furrows lip palate of students of Dentistry, UERN. Methods:Impressions on the palate were made with stocks trays and alginate and making the study model wasmade with plaster type III. To obtain the lip prints were used lipstick red color, a sheet of white paper and aglass plate. To sort the lip prints it was used the classification system of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi. For theclassification of palatal rugae was the system used Martin dos Santos. Results: Altogether 60 sampleswere collected, with 30 lip prints and 30 models with palatal rugae. The palatal rugae winding type werefound with higher occurrence. The highest occurrence labial furrows were bifurcated type. Conclusions:The cheiloscopy and palatoscopy are applicable human identification techniques, but it is necessary thatmore studies be conducted so that they are used more frequently among competent organs ofinvestigations. The techniques were feasible and the samples were singular. A higher occurrence ofwinding palatine rugae and a predominance of bifurcated labial grooves were found.
Asunto(s)
Antropología Forense/estadística & datos numéricos , Antropología Forense/legislación & jurisprudencia , Odontología Forense/métodos , Hueso Paladar/anatomía & histología , Hueso Paladar/fisiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To describe the articulation of the Brazilian Portuguese, by examining the tongue-palate contact in the production of consonantal phones. METHODS: The electropalatography (EPG) of the alveolar consonants of the Brazilian Portuguese produced by an individual with typical speech was used, considering the alveolar, post-alveolar, palatal, and velar rates, as well as the percentage of activated contacts at the point of maximum constriction, and the visual inspection of palatograms. RESULTS: As expected, it was observed that all the examined phones have more contact in the alveolar region at the point of maximum constriction. The phones /t/, /d/ and /n/ showed more alveolar contact, with total obstruction of the air stream; the fricative phones /s/ and /z/ were characterized by the absence of contact at the central longitudinal axis; the lateral phone /l/ did not present contact at the lateral longitudinal axis, and the tap /[symbol: see text]/ showed not only few tongue-palate contacts but it was also produced in the shortest duration time. CONCLUSION: The electopalatography allowed a detailed description of the extension of the tongue-palate contact in the different alveolar phones of the Brazilian Portuguese and how they occur.
Asunto(s)
Hueso Paladar/fisiología , Fonética , Medición de la Producción del Habla , Lengua/fisiología , Adulto , Brasil , Electrofisiología , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Articulación del HablaRESUMEN
Are palatal consonants articulated by multiple tongue gestures (coronal and dorsal) or by a single gesture that brings the tongue into contact with the palate at several places of articulation? The lenition of palatal consonants (resulting in approximants) has been presented as evidence that palatals are simple, not complex: When reduced, they do not lose their coronal gesture and become dorsals; instead, they manifest reduced linguopalatal contact while retaining their anterior place of articulation. The frequently-reported deocclusivization of the Brazilian Portuguese (BP) palatal nasal may support this claim. However, the linguopalatal configuration of this sound has not been studied directly. Electropalatographic evidence from three speakers of BP (compared with data from three speakers of Peninsular Spanish) demonstrates that the palatal nasal is frequently realized as an approximant. There is no evidence of anterior occlusion in BP's post-palatal, lenited nasal. Under conditions of focus/hyperarticulation, there is no evidence of stronger/more anterior occlusion. We argue that the articulatory target of the BP palatal nasal is neither occluded nor anterior.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Biológicos , Hueso Paladar/fisiología , Fonética , Habla/fisiología , Lengua/fisiología , Brasil , Electrofisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Lenguaje , Masculino , Cavidad Nasal/fisiología , Espectrografía del Sonido , EspañaRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to evaluate ossification of the midpalatal suture in adult patients immediately after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME) until 120 days post-surgery. The sample comprised 126 standardized occlusal radiographs of 21 adults (14 females and 7 males; mean age: 25.33 years) taken pre-expansion (T1), immediately after expansion (T2), and post-expansion (30, 60, 90, and 120 days of retention, respectively: T3, T4, T5, and T6) who had undergone SARME. The radiographs were digitized and the images were analysed and compared in relation to the morphology and radiopacity at the different treatment stages, especially concerning the characteristics of the midpalatal suture. Data were statistically analysed using analysis of variance and Tukey's test. The results demonstrated that from T2 to T6, the mean optical density (OD) increased. However, these values were not similar to those observed at T1. A retention period of 120 days was not sufficient for the re-establishment of OD and complete ossification within the suture in the evaluated patients.
Asunto(s)
Suturas Craneales/fisiología , Maxilar/cirugía , Osteogénesis/fisiología , Técnica de Expansión Palatina , Hueso Paladar/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Suturas Craneales/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/métodos , Masculino , Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Hueso Paladar/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios Prospectivos , Radiografía Dental Digital/métodos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Realizar a descrição articulatória do Português Brasileiro, examinando-se o contato da língua com o palato na produção de fones consonantais. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizada a eletropalatografia (EPG) de consoantes alveolares do Português Brasileiro de um sujeito com fala típica, considerando-se o índice alveolar, pós-alveolar, palatal e velar e a porcentagem de contatos ativados no ponto de máxima constrição, assim como a inspeção visual dos palatogramas. RESULTADOS: Observou-se, conforme o esperado, que todos os fones avaliados têm, no ponto de máxima constrição, maior contato na região alveolar. Os fones /t/, /d/ e /n/ foram os que apresentaram maior contato alveolar, com obstrução total da corrente aérea; os fones fricativos /s/ e /z/ caracterizaram-se pela ausência de contato no eixo longitudinal central; o fone lateral /l/ não apresentou contato no eixo longitudinal lateral e o tapa, /ɾ/, apresentou poucos contatos da língua com o palato e foi produzido com o menor tempo de duração. CONCLUSÃO: Por meio da eletropalatografia, pode-se fazer uma descrição detalhada da forma e da extensão do contato língua-palato nos diferentes fones alveolares do Português.
PURPOSE: To describe the articulation of the Brazilian Portuguese, by examining the tongue-palate contact in the production of consonantal phones. METHODS: The electropalatography (EPG) of the alveolar consonants of the Brazilian Portuguese produced by an individual with typical speech was used, considering the alveolar, post-alveolar, palatal, and velar rates, as well as the percentage of activated contacts at the point of maximum constriction, and the visual inspection of palatograms. RESULTS: As expected, it was observed that all the examined phones have more contact in the alveolar region at the point of maximum constriction. The phones /t/, /d/ and /n/ showed more alveolar contact, with total obstruction of the air stream; the fricative phones /s/ and /z/ were characterized by the absence of contact at the central longitudinal axis; the lateral phone /l/ did not present contact at the lateral longitudinal axis, and the tap /ɾ/ showed not only few tongue-palate contacts but it was also produced in the shortest duration time. CONCLUSION: The electopalatography allowed a detailed description of the extension of the tongue-palate contact in the different alveolar phones of the Brazilian Portuguese and how they occur.
Asunto(s)
Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Fonética , Hueso Paladar/fisiología , Medición de la Producción del Habla , Lengua/fisiología , Brasil , Electrofisiología , Pruebas de Articulación del HablaRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Taste food recognition has an important role in the nutritional conditions and also allows protection of the organism integrity against foods potentially dangerous. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of the selective taste regions on the tongue and also the palate participation in the oral taste definition. METHODS: A standard tongue divided in six regions was exposed with the four basic tastes (sweet, salted, sour and bitter), 10 times each. Thirteen volunteers were studied from both side and 34 only from one side, performing 240 tests with opened mouth and 240 with closing mouth, just after tongue sapid stimulation. A second group, with 12 volunteers, had its taste recognition studied, with and without palate isolation, using silicone prosthesis (n = 120). RESULTS: From results, chi-square (3x2) and (2x2), nonparametric independency test with P = 0.05 were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior, medium and posterior regions of the tongue, at both sides, had the same taste discriminative capacity. Nevertheless, closed mouth increased immediate and late recognition capacity by palate participation. It was possible to admit that palate participation increase the sapid perception in the mouth, by recruitment of the palate taste receptors and also by fluid compression and its scattering over tongue surface.
Asunto(s)
Hueso Paladar/fisiología , Gusto/fisiología , Lengua/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Estado de Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
CONTEXT: Taste food recognition has an important role in the nutritional conditions and also allows protection of the organism integrity against foods potentially dangerous. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of the selective taste regions on the tongue and also the palate participation in the oral taste definition. METHODS: A standard tongue divided in six regions was exposed with the four basic tastes (sweet, salted, sour and bitter), 10 times each. Thirteen volunteers were studied from both side and 34 only from one side, performing 240 tests with opened mouth and 240 with closing mouth, just after tongue sapid stimulation. A second group, with 12 volunteers, had its taste recognition studied, with and without palate isolation, using silicone prosthesis (n = 120). RESULTS: From results, chi-square (3×2) and (2×2), nonparametric independency test with P = 0.05 were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Anterior, medium and posterior regions of the tongue, at both sides, had the same taste discriminative capacity. Nevertheless, closed mouth increased immediate and late recognition capacity by palate participation. It was possible to admit that palate participation increase the sapid perception in the mouth, by recruitment of the palate taste receptors and also by fluid compression and its scattering over tongue surface.
CONTEXTO: O reconhecimento dos gostos tem importante papel para as condições nutricionais e também para a proteção da integridade do organismo contra a ingestão de alimentos potencialmente perigosos. OBJETIVO: Investigar a presença na língua de regiões com capacidade seletiva para percepção dos gostos básicos e também verificar se e como o palato participa da definição dos gostos na cavidade oral. MÉTODOS: Uma língua padrão hipotética dividida em 6 regiões teve cada umas destas, exposta 10 vezes a cada um dos quatro sabores básicos (doce, salgado, azedo e amargo). Treze voluntários tiveram sua lingual estudada dos dois lados (a direita e a esquerda) e outros 34 foram estudados somente em um dos lados, perfazendo 240 testes com a boca mantida aberta e 240 com a boca sendo fechada, imediatamente após a exposição da língua à substância sápida. Um segundo grupo com 12 voluntários teve o reconhecimento do gosto estudado com e sem o palato isolado pelo uso de uma prótese de silicone (n = 120). RESULTADOS: A partir dos resultados, testes não-paramétricos de independência, foram obtidos qui ao quadrado (3×2) e 2×2, com P = 0.05. CONCLUSÕES: As regiões anterior, média e posterior da língua, dos dois lados, tem a mesma capacidade discriminativa para os gostos. No entanto, com a boca fechada e a participação do palato, ocorre expressivo aumento da capacidade discriminativa oral, com aumento das percepções, tanto da imediata quanto da tardia. Foi possível admitir que a participação do palato aumenta a percepção sápida da boca, pelo recrutamento de receptores do gosto no palato e também pela compressão e espalhamento das soluções de teste sobre a superfície da língua envolvendo maior número de receptores.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Hueso Paladar/fisiología , Gusto/fisiología , Lengua/fisiología , Estado de Salud , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The presence of the periodontal ligament (PDL) makes it possible to absorb and distribute loads produced during masticatory function and other tooth contacts into the alveolar process via the alveolar bone proper. However, several factors affect the integrity of periodontal structures causing the destruction of the connective matrix and cells, the loss of fibrous attachment, and the resorption of alveolar bone. METHODS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution by finite element analysis in a PDL in three-dimensional models of the upper central incisor under three different load conditions: 100 N occlusal loading at 45 degrees (model 1: masticatory load); 500 N at the incisal edge at 45 degrees (model 2: parafunctional habit); and 800 N at the buccal surface at 90 degrees (model 3: trauma case). The models were built from computed tomography scans. RESULTS: The stress distribution was quite different among the models. The most significant values (harmful) of tensile and compressive stresses were observed in models 2 and 3, with similarly distinct patterns of stress distributions along the PDL. Tensile stresses were observed along the internal and external aspects of the PDL, mostly at the cervical and middle thirds. CONCLUSIONS: The stress generation in these models may affect the integrity of periodontal structures. A better understanding of the biomechanical behavior of the PDL under physiologic and traumatic loading conditions might enhance the understanding of the biologic reaction of the PDL in health and disease.
Asunto(s)
Oclusión Dental Traumática/fisiopatología , Análisis de Elementos Finitos , Imagenología Tridimensional , Maloclusión/fisiopatología , Masticación/fisiología , Ligamento Periodontal/fisiología , Adulto , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Fuerza de la Mordida , Fuerza Compresiva , Simulación por Computador , Esmalte Dental/fisiología , Pulpa Dental/fisiología , Dentina/fisiología , Módulo de Elasticidad , Humanos , Incisivo/fisiología , Masculino , Maxilar/fisiología , Modelos Biológicos , Hueso Paladar/fisiología , Estrés Mecánico , Resistencia a la TracciónRESUMEN
En el siguiente trabajo se enfatiza la importancia de un buen diagnóstico ante todo traumatismo del área maxilofacial, en busca de fracturas sagitales del maxilar superior, las cuales están asociadas en un 25 por ciento con los trazos tipo Le Fort. Se describe la modalidad correcta de diagnóstico y su tratamiento, presentando un caso clínico para ejemplificarlo (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Fracturas Maxilares/clasificación , Fracturas Maxilares/diagnóstico , Fracturas Maxilares/terapia , Fracturas Maxilares/cirugía , Fracturas Maxilares/epidemiología , Osteotomía Le Fort/métodos , Ferula , Técnicas de Fijación de Maxilares , Fijación Interna de Fracturas/métodos , Curación de Fractura/fisiología , Hueso Paladar/fisiología , Hueso Paladar/lesiones , Cuidados PosoperatoriosRESUMEN
This work was designed to evaluate the toxicity of inhalable particles [less than/equal to] 10 microm in aerodynamic diameter (PM(10)) collected from the urban air in São Paulo, Brazil, to the mucociliary apparatus using the frog palate preparation. Seven groups of frog palates were immersed in different concentrations of PM(10) diluted in Ringer's solution during 120 min: 0 (control, n = 31); 50 (n = 10); 100 (n = 9); 500 (n = 28); 1,000 (n = 10); 5,000 (n = 11); and 10,000 microg/m(3) (n = 10). Mucociliary transport and transepithelial potential difference were determined at 0, 30, 60, and 120 min exposure. Additional groups (control and 500 microg/m(3)) were studied by means of morphometric analyses (quantification of the amount of intraepithelial and surface mucins), measurement of cilia beat frequency, and quantification of total glutathione. Mucociliary transport and transepithelial potential difference were significantly decreased at higher concentrations of PM(10) (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02, respectively). Exposure to PM(10) also elicited a significant decrease of total glutathione (p = 0. 003) and depletion of neutral intraepithelial mucins (p = 0.0461). These results show that PM(10) can promote significant alterations in ciliated epithelium in vitro.
Asunto(s)
Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Depuración Mucociliar/efectos de los fármacos , Hueso Paladar/efectos de los fármacos , Aerosoles , Animales , Hueso Paladar/patología , Hueso Paladar/fisiología , Rana catesbeianaRESUMEN
Two different procedures for treating patients with cleft palate are evaluated. The first procedure was push-back palatoplasty performed simultaneously with San Venero Roselli's pharyngoplasty before 18 months of age. The second procedure was isolated push-back displacement. Three hundred and forty-seven patients were reviewed. The two procedures were compared relative to the occurrence of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), severity of insufficiency, velopharyngeal closure pattern, movement of the lateral pharyngeal walls, and the influence of age at time of operation. Fewer of the patients who received the combination procedure presented VPI, and those who did tended to have less severe VPI. The groups were similar in velopharyngeal closure patterns and in movement of the lateral pharyngeal walls. Operation after 3 years of age tended to be associated with VPI. The combination procedure was helpful in preventing palatal shortening. Successful use of the combination procedure at an early age may prevent faulty articulation patterns.