RESUMEN

Sturgeon, with 4 times higher lipid content than silver carp (ubiquitously applied for surimi production in China), affects surimi gelling properties. However, how the flesh lipids affect gelling properties remains unclear. This study investigated how flesh lipids impact surimi gelling properties and elucidated the interaction mechanism between lipids and proteins. Results revealed yellow meat contains 7 times higher lipids than white meat. Stronger ionic protein-protein interactions were replaced by weaker hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds in protein-lipid interaction. Protein-lipid interaction zones encapsulated lipid particles, changing protein structure from α-helix to ß-sheet structure thereby gel structure becomes flexible and disordered, significantly diminishing surimi gel strength. Docking analysis validated fatty acid mainly binding at Ala577, Ile461, Arg231, Phe165, His665, and His663 of myosin. This study first reported the weakened surimi gelling properties from the perspective of free fatty acids and myosin interactions, offering a theoretical basis for sturgeon surimi production.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas de Peces , Peces , Geles , Lípidos , Animales , Geles/química , Lípidos/química , Proteínas de Peces/química , Proteínas de Peces/metabolismo , Productos Pesqueros/análisis , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Miosinas/química , Miosinas/metabolismo , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Ácidos Grasos/química , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Carpas/metabolismo , Unión Proteica

RESUMEN

This study assessed the effect of konjac glucomannan (KGM) on the aggregation of soy protein isolate (SPI) and its gel-related structure and properties. Raman results showed that KGM promoted the rearrangement of SPI to form more ß-sheets, contributing to the formation of an ordered structure. Atomic force microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and small-angle X-ray scattering results indicated that KGM reduced the size of SPI particles, narrowed their size distribution, and loosened the large aggregates formed by the stacking of SPI particles, improving the uniformity of gel system. As the hydrogen bonding between the KGM and SPI molecules enhanced, a well-developed network structure was obtained, further reducing the immobilized water's content (T22) and increasing the water-holding capacity (WHC) of SPI gel. Furthermore, this gel structure showed improved gel hardness and resistance to both small and large deformations. These findings facilitate the design and production of SPI-based gels with desired performance.

Asunto(s)

Geles , Mananos , Proteínas de Soja , Proteínas de Soja/química , Mananos/química , Geles/química , Tamaño de la Partícula , Agregado de Proteínas

RESUMEN

Monolithic aerogels are promising candidates for use in atmospheric environmental purification due to their structural advantages, such as fine building block size together with high specific surface area, abundant pore structure, etc. Additionally, monolithic aerogels possess a unique monolithic macrostructure that sets them apart from aerogel powders and nanoparticles in practical environmental clean-up applications. This review delves into the available synthesis strategies and atmospheric environmental applications of monolithic aerogels, covering types of monolithic aerogels including SiO2, graphene, metal oxides and their combinations, along with their preparation methods. In particular, recent developments for VOC adsorption, CO2 capture, catalytic oxidation of VOCs and catalytic reduction of CO2 are highlighted. Finally, challenges and future opportunities for monolithic aerogels in the atmospheric environmental purification field are proposed. This review provides valuable insights for designing and utilizing monolithic aerogel-based functional materials.

Asunto(s)

Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Geles , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/química , Geles/química , Atmósfera/química , Adsorción , Dióxido de Carbono/química , Restauración y Remediación Ambiental/métodos , Dióxido de Silicio/química

RESUMEN

Gelation is a critical property of citrus pectin. However, the roles played by neutral sugar side-chains on acid-induced pectin gelation remain poorly understood. Herein, galactan- or/and arabinan-eliminated pectins (P-G, P-A, and P-AG) were used to investigate the effects of side-chains on gelation. The gel hardness values of citrus pectin, P-G, P-A, and P-AG were 42.6, 39.9, 5.3, and 2.1 g, respectively, suggesting that arabinan contributed more to gelation than galactan. We next found that arabinan branches promoted pectin chain entanglement more effectively than arabinan backbones. Destabilizer addition experiments showed that hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, and hydrophobic interaction were the main forces affecting pectin gel networks and strength, which was further validated by molecular dynamic simulations. The total number of hydrogen bonds between the arabinan branches and galactan/HG (65.7) was significantly higher than that between the arabinan backbones and galactan/HG (39.1), indicating that arabinan branches predominated in terms of such interactions. This study thus elucidated the roles played by neutral-sugar side-chains, especially the arabinan branches of acid-induced pectin gels, in term of enhancing high-methoxyl pectin gelation, and offers novel insights into the structure-gelling relationships of citrus pectin.

Asunto(s)

Geles , Enlace de Hidrógeno , Pectinas , Pectinas/química , Geles/química , Polisacáridos/química , Simulación de Dinámica Molecular , Citrus/química , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas

RESUMEN

Oral Topiramate therapy is associated with systemic adverse effects including paresthesia,abdominal pain, and fluctuations in plasma levels. The purpose of this research was to develop an intranasal in situ gel based system comprising Topiramate polymeric nanoparticles and evaluate its potential both in vitro and in vivo. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation method were added into the in situ gelling system of Poloxamer 407 and HPMC K4M. Selected formulation (TG5) was evaluated for physicochemical properties, nasal permeation and in vivo pharmacokinetics in rats. PLGAnanoparticles (O1) exhibited low particle size (~ 144.4 nm), good polydispersity index (0.202), negative zeta potential (-12.7 mV), and adequate entrapment efficiency (64.7%). Developed in situ gel showed ideal pH (6.5), good gelling time (35 s), gelling temperature(37℃), suitable viscosity (1335 cP)and drug content of 96.2%. In vitro drug release conformedto Higuchi release kinetics, exhibiting a biphasic pattern of initial burst release and sustained release for 24 h. Oral administration of the drug to Sprague-Dawley rats (G3) showed higher plasma Cmax(504 ng/ml, p < 0.0001) when compared to nasal delivery of in situ gel (G4) or solution (G5). Additionally, AUC0-α of G3 (8786.82 ng/ml*h) was considerably higher than othergroups. Brain uptake data indicates a higher drug level with G4 (112.47 ng /ml) at 12 h when compared to G3. Histopathological examination of groups; G1 (intranasal saline), G2(intranasal placebo), G3, G4, and G5 did not show any lesions of pathological significance. Overall, the experimental results observed were promising and substantiated the potential of developed in situ gel for intranasal delivery.

Asunto(s)

Administración Intranasal , Encéfalo , Geles , Nanopartículas , Mucosa Nasal , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Topiramato , Animales , Topiramato/administración & dosificación , Topiramato/farmacocinética , Nanopartículas/química , Ratas , Administración Intranasal/métodos , Copolímero de Ácido Poliláctico-Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Nasal/metabolismo , Mucosa Nasal/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Tamaño de la Partícula , Fructosa/administración & dosificación , Fructosa/farmacocinética , Fructosa/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Ácido Láctico/química , Ácido Láctico/administración & dosificación , Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Administración Oral

RESUMEN

The ability to transform matter between numerous physical states or shapes without wires or external devices is a major challenge for robotics and materials design. Organisms can transform their shapes using biomolecules carrying specific information and localize at sites where transitions occur. Here, we introduce gel automata, which likewise can transform between a large number of prescribed shapes in response to a combinatorial library of biomolecular instructions. Gel automata are centimeter-scale materials consisting of multiple micro-segments. A library of DNA activator sequences can each reversibly grow or shrink different micro-segments by polymerizing or depolymerizing within them. We develop DNA activator designs that maximize the extent of growth and shrinking, and a photolithography process for precisely fabricating gel automata with elaborate segmentation patterns. Guided by simulations of shape change and neural networks that evaluate gel automata designs, we create gel automata that reversibly transform between multiple, wholly distinct shapes: four different letters and every even or every odd numeral. The sequential and repeated metamorphosis of gel automata demonstrates how soft materials and robots can be digitally programmed and reprogrammed with information-bearing chemical signals.

Asunto(s)

Resinas Acrílicas , ADN , Geles , Geles/química , ADN/química , Resinas Acrílicas/química , Redes Neurales de la Computación , Algoritmos , Fenómenos Químicos , Secuencia de Bases

RESUMEN

Maturity and drying treatment are important factors affecting the processing characteristics of lotus seeds and its starch. This study aimed to investigate the effect of maturity (from low to high-M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4) on far-infrared drying kinetics of lotus seeds, and on the variation of structure, gelation and digestive properties of lotus seed starch (LSS) before and after drying. As the maturity increased, the drying time reduced from 5.8 to 1.0 h. The reduction of drying time was correlated with the decrease of initial moisture content, the increase of water freedom and the destruction of tissue structure during ripening. The increased maturity and drying process altered the multiscale structure of LSS, including an increase in amylose content, disruption of the short-range structure, and a decrease in relative crystallinity and molecular weight. The viscosity, pasting temperature and enthalpy of LSS decreased during ripening, and drying treatment caused the further decrease. The digestibility of LSS increased during ripening and drying. Lotus seeds at M-4 would be optimal for obtaining shorter drying time, lower pasting temperature and enthalpy, and higher digestibility. This study provided theoretical guidance for achieving effective drying process and screening LSS with suitable processing properties through maturity sorting.

Asunto(s)

Lotus , Semillas , Almidón , Semillas/química , Lotus/química , Almidón/química , Desecación/métodos , Viscosidad , Amilosa/química , Peso Molecular , Digestión , Geles/química , Agua/química , Temperatura , Estructura Molecular

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is an acute infectious disease that damages the rabbit industry by producing significant mortality rates in young and adult rabbits. RHD is better controlled by vaccination. OBJECTIVE: The current study's goal was to prepare and evaluate the immuno-enhancing effect of montanide ISA70 and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) gel incorporated within the inactivated RHDV2 vaccine and assess the vaccine's protective efficacy against the homologous and heterologous local RHDV2 strains in rabbits. METHODS: Inactivated RHDV vaccines were prepared using Montanide ISA70 oil or Al(OH)3 gel adjuvants and submitted to sterility, safety, and potency tests. 200 rabbits were equally divided into 4 groups: G1 (control), G2 (vaccinated with gel-incorporated vaccine), G3 (vaccinated with montanide-incorporated vaccine), and G4 (vaccinated with gel- and montanide-incorporated vaccines). Individual blood samples were collected from one week to six months from all groups. The vaccine's potency was measured by the HI test and protection percentage post challenge. RESULTS: Data revealed slightly increasing HI titer means reaching the 1st peak at 4 weeks post-vaccination (7.33, 7.67, and 7.33 log2 in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th groups, respectively), then slightly decreasing and peaked again, giving 9.33 log2 for the2nd group at 3 months post-vaccination (MPV), 10.67 log2 for 3rd the group, and 10.33 log2 for the 4th group at 5 months post-vaccination. Titer gradually decreased but remained protective. The protection rate ranged from 80-100% and 80-90% for homologous and heterologous local RHDV2 vaccines, respectively, within 3 weeks and 6 months post-challenge. The montanide oil RHDV2 vaccine induced better protection than the aluminum gel RHDV2 vaccine. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrated evidence of cross-protection between RHDV2 strains. The oil emulsion vaccine induced higher and longer-lasting antibody titers than those obtained with the RHDV2 aluminum gel vaccine.

Asunto(s)

Hidróxido de Aluminio , Infecciones por Caliciviridae , Virus de la Enfermedad Hemorrágica del Conejo , Vacunas Virales , Animales , Conejos , Hidróxido de Aluminio/farmacología , Hidróxido de Aluminio/administración & dosificación , Virus de la Enfermedad Hemorrágica del Conejo/inmunología , Vacunas Virales/inmunología , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/veterinaria , Infecciones por Caliciviridae/prevención & control , Geles , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/farmacología , Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Vacunas de Productos Inactivados/inmunología , Ácidos Oléicos/farmacología , Ácidos Oléicos/administración & dosificación

RESUMEN

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of CariSolv gel with respect to chemo-mechanical caries removal in primary molar teeth. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Bakhtawar Amin Dental College and Hospital, Multan, Pakistan, from July to December 2022, and comprised patients of either gender aged 6-12 years having vital, primary molar teeth with clinical and radiographic evidence of carious lesion. Freshly prepared CariSolv gel 0.2 ml to 1.0ml was applied to carious dentine for a minimum of 30 seconds, using chemo-mechanical caries removal hand instruments. The cavity preparation was rinsed and dried. Image caries detector dye was applied by micro brush for 10 seconds. After the cavity preparation was washed and dried, any red-stained dentine indicated residual infected dentine. A maximum of 3 chemo-mechanical caries removal cycles were allowed. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.0. RESULTS: Of the 134 patients, 74(55.2%) were boys and 60(44.8%) were girls. The overall mean age was 8.55±1.58 years. The procedure was successful in 115(85.8%) cases. Age and gender were not significantly associated with the outcome (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Chemo-mechanical caries removal method using CariSolv gel was found to be a viable alternative to traditional drilling techniques for caries removal in primary molar teeth.

Asunto(s)

Caries Dental , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental , Geles , Leucina , Diente Molar , Diente Primario , Humanos , Caries Dental/terapia , Femenino , Masculino , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Preparación de la Cavidad Dental/métodos , Leucina/uso terapéutico , Leucina/administración & dosificación , Lisina/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ácido Glutámico

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: This pilot randomized controlled clinical trial compares the clinical outcome obtained in persistent periodontal pockets during 9-month follow-up of supportive periodontal step 4 treatment performed by either combining subgingival instrumentation with adjunctively used sodium hypochlorite/amino acid gel and crosslinked hyaluronic acid (xHyA) or subgingival instrumentation alone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study protocol is registered under NCT06438354 at Clinicaltrials.gov. Patients seeking further therapy after completed step 2 non-surgical periodontal treatment underwent either repeated subgingival instrumentation with adjunctive application of sodium hypochlorite/amino acid gel and crosslinked hyaluronic acid (group A) or repeated subgingival instrumentation alone (group B). One calibrated investigator performed the treatment sequence in both groups accordingly. Subgingival instrumentation of the residual pockets was carried out under local anaesthesia using hand- and ultrasonic instruments, as well as air polishing in both groups. Patients were instructed to continue oral hygiene without any restriction. At 3-month re-evaluation treatment was repeated accordingly at sites with persistent 5 mm probing depth and BoP + . Clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket probing depth (PPD), gingival recession (GR), and bleeding on probing (BoP) were recorded at baseline (T1), 3- (T2) and 9-month (T3) post-op, with CAL as a primary outcome measure. RESULTS: In total 52 patients (20 females and 32 males, mean age 58.4 ± 2.4 years) presenting with 1448 sites which required further periodontal treatment were enrolled. Both groups exhibited homogeneity in terms of age, gender, smoking habit, initial number of sites, and BOP. At 9-month evaluation, PD reduction and CAL gain showed significant differences between the test and control group, favouring the adjunctive treatment. GR tended to exhibit more recovery in the test group compared to the control group. Although BOP frequency effectively reduced in both groups, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the study, the present data indicates that, during subgingival instrumentation of persistent pockets, the adjunctive usage of sodium hypochlorite/amino acid gel and xHyA sufficiently improves the clinical outcomes. The continuous improvement of CAL in association with the GR scores observed in group A, indicates that sites subjected to adjunctive treatment may indicate a tendency for a regenerative response to treatment within the 9-month follow-up period.

Asunto(s)

Geles , Ácido Hialurónico , Índice Periodontal , Bolsa Periodontal , Hipoclorito de Sodio , Humanos , Femenino , Ácido Hialurónico/uso terapéutico , Proyectos Piloto , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hipoclorito de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Bolsa Periodontal/terapia

RESUMEN

The gelation of milk proteins can be achieved by various means, enabling the development of diverse products. In this study, heat-set milk protein gels (15 % protein) of diverse textures were made by pH modulation and two gels were selected for dynamic in vitro gastric digestion: a spoonable soft gel (SG, pH 6.55' G' of ∼100 Pa) and a sliceable firm gel (FG, pH 5.65; G' of ∼7000 Pa). The two gels displayed markedly different structural changes and digestion kinetics during gastric digestion. The SG underwent substantial structural compaction during the first 120 min of gastric digestion into a denser and firmer gastric chyme (26.3 % crude protein, G* of ∼8500 Pa) than the chyme of the FG (15.7 % crude protein, G* of ∼3000 Pa). These contrasting intragastric structural changes of the gels reversed their original textural differences, which led to slower digestion and gastric emptying of proteins from the SG compared with the FG. The different intragastric pH profiles during the digestion of the two gels likely played a key role by modulating the proteolytic activity and specificity (to κ-casein) of pepsin. Preferential early cleavage of κ-casein in SG stimulated coagulation and compaction of solid chyme, whereas rapid hydrolysis of αS- and ß-caseins in the FG weakened coagulation. This study provided new insights into controlling the structural development of dairy-based foods during gastric digestion and modulating digestion kinetics.

Asunto(s)

Digestión , Geles , Calor , Proteínas de la Leche , Geles/química , Digestión/fisiología , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Cinética , Proteínas de la Leche/química , Proteínas de la Leche/metabolismo , Vaciamiento Gástrico , Caseínas/química , Caseínas/metabolismo , Pepsina A/metabolismo , Animales , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Proteolisis

RESUMEN

The thermal sterilization process of protein beverages inevitably leads to the formation of insoluble thermal aggregates, greatly reducing the texture and taste of protein beverages. In this study, homogenized egg white (HEW) was obtained by ultrahigh-high-pressure (UHP) homogenization pretreatment of egg white (EW), and then a special egg white fluid gel (EWFG) was prepared by water bath heating. The results showed that the optimal conditions for preparing EWFG were three cycles at 20 MPa homogenizing pressure and heating in a water bath at 72℃ for 10 min. Under these conditions, the EWFG was a milky-white homogeneous liquid with an average particle size of about 560 nm. Measurements of the physicochemical properties of HEW and EWFG showed that the UHP homogenization treatment reduced the viscosity of HEW, decreased the particle size of protein aggregates, and increased the zeta potential, which altered the interactions of proteins during the subsequent heating process and facilitated the formation of homogeneous and dispersed EWFG. EWFG showed good stability at pH 6-10 and in low-concentration saline and medium-concentration sucrose solutions. The EWFG obtained by the present treatment is more suitable for factory-scale production and has great potential for protein beverage applications.

Asunto(s)

Clara de Huevo , Manipulación de Alimentos , Geles , Calor , Tamaño de la Partícula , Presión , Geles/química , Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Clara de Huevo/química , Viscosidad , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Calefacción , Proteínas del Huevo/química

RESUMEN

This study investigated the effect of gellan gum (GG) and glucono-δ-lactone (GDL) on the acid-induced gel properties of pea protein isolate (PPI) pretreated with media milling. The inclusion of GG substantially enhanced the gel hardness of PPI gel from 18.69 g to 792.47 g though slightly reduced its water holding capacity (WHC). Rheological analysis showed that GG increased storage modulus (G') and decreased damping factor of gels in the small amplitude oscillatory shear region and transformed its strain thinning behavior into weak strain overshoot behavior in the large amplitude oscillatory shear region. SEM revealed that GG transformed the microstructure of gel from a uniform particle aggregate structure to a chain-like architecture composed of filaments with small protein particles attached. Turbidity and zeta potential analysis showed that GG promoted the transformation of PPI from a soluble polymer system to an insoluble coagulant during acidification. When GG content was relatively high (0.2 %-0.3 %), high GDL content increased the electrostatic interaction between PPI and GG molecules, causing their rapid aggregation into a dense irregular aggregate structure, further enhancing gel strength and WHC. Overall, GG and GDL can offer the opportunity to modulate the microstructure and gel properties of acid-induced PPI gels, presenting potential for diversifying food gel design strategies through PPI-GG hybrid systems.

Asunto(s)

Geles , Gluconatos , Lactonas , Proteínas de Guisantes , Polisacáridos Bacterianos , Reología , Polisacáridos Bacterianos/química , Lactonas/química , Geles/química , Gluconatos/química , Proteínas de Guisantes/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno

RESUMEN

The objective of the study was to develop a novel topical gel by mixing Potentilla tormentilla ethanolic extract, thermosensitive poloxamer 407, and carbomer 940 and evaluating its stability and rheological behavior. The irritation potential of the gel was evaluated in accordance with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guidelines 404. The potential anti-inflammatory effects of the developed gel were evaluated in vivo in rats using the carrageenan-induced paw edema test. Moreover, the in silico binding affinity for chlorogenic and ellagic acid, as dominant components in the extract, against cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 was also determined. Our findings suggest that the gel containing Potentilla tormentilla extract remained stable throughout the observation period, exhibited pseudoplastic behavior, and caused no irritation in rats, thus being considered safe for topical treatment. Additionally, the developed gel showed the capability to reduce rat paw edema, which highlights significant anti-inflammatory potential. In silico analysis revealed that chlorogenic and ellagic acid exhibited a reduced binding affinity against COX-1 but had a similar inhibitory effect on COX-2 as flurbiprofen, which was confirmed by molecular dynamics results. The study proposes the possible application of Potentilla tormentilla ethanolic extract gel for the alleviation of localized inflammatory diseases; however, future clinical evaluation is required.

Asunto(s)

Antiinflamatorios , Ciclooxigenasa 1 , Edema , Extractos Vegetales , Potentilla , Animales , Potentilla/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/química , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Ciclooxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Ciclooxigenasa 1/química , Geles/química , Ácido Elágico/farmacología , Ácido Elágico/química , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Carragenina , Ratas Wistar , Poloxámero/química , Resinas Acrílicas/química , Ácido Clorogénico/química , Ácido Clorogénico/farmacología

RESUMEN

This study aimed to evaluate chitosan (CS)-based formulations loaded with 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) and/or 10% nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) to remineralize the demineralized primary tooth enamel surface. Ninety enamel blocks were demineralized and were divided into six groups (n = 15): (1) CS-based hydrogel, (2) CS-based hydrogel loaded with NaF, (3) CS-based hydrogel loaded with nHA, (4) CS-based hydrogel loaded with NaF and nHA, (5) 5% NaF varnish, and (6) negative control with no intervention. After intervention, the specimens were pH cycled by 2 h immersion in demineralizing solution and 22 h immersion in remineralizing solution for 8 days. The remineralization effects were evaluated by Vickers microhardness measurements and field emission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (FESEM-EDS). The best mean ± SD percentage microhardness recovery in remineralized enamel (%REMH) was found in group 4 (56.90 ± 5.49). The %REMH of groups 2 (30.74 ± 3.51) and 5 (29.23 ± 5.65) were statistically the same (p = 0.943). FESEM images confirmed partial coverage of the porous demineralized enamel with a newly formed mineralized layer. Based on EDS findings, the Ca/P ratio values of the treated enamel surfaces with CS-based hydrogels ranged between 1.71 and 1.87, and the highest F content was noticed in group 2 (1.02 ± 0.03). Although, all tested CS-based hydrogels demonstrated the potential to repair demineralized enamel, nHA- and NaF-containing CS-based hydrogel showed the highest remineralization effect. We infer that this new hybrid hydrogel is a potentially useful dental material for tooth biomineralization.

Asunto(s)

Quitosano , Esmalte Dental , Fluoruro de Sodio , Quitosano/química , Quitosano/farmacología , Fluoruro de Sodio/farmacología , Esmalte Dental/efectos de los fármacos , Esmalte Dental/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Humanos , Remineralización Dental/métodos , Fluoruros Tópicos/farmacología , Fluoruros Tópicos/administración & dosificación , Durapatita/química , Durapatita/farmacología , Hidrogeles/química , Biomineralización/efectos de los fármacos , Desmineralización Dental/prevención & control , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Geles/química

RESUMEN

Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) is a valuable therapeutic alternative for patients with peritoneal metastases. PIPAC uses a hyaluronic acid-based gel to reduce surgically induced adhesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the hyaluronic acid-based gel on tumor dissemination. First, we explored whether the survival of CT26 luciferase-expressing murine colonic tumor cells was correlated with the dose of HyaRegen® Gel, and we determined the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (the IC50) of the gel. Next, we performed an in vitro study of cell survival rates after gel application on day 0 (D0) and day 1 (D1). Finally, we intraperitoneally administered the gel to mice with immunocompetent BALB/c colonic peritoneal metastases (on D0, D5, D10, D14, and D18). Tumor growth was regularly monitored using a bioluminescence assay (on D11, D17, and D21). After all mice had been sacrificed on D21, the body weights and the volumes of intraperitoneal ascites were measured; the Peritoneal Carcinosis Index (PCI) and Ki-antigen 67 scores were calculated. The IC50 value was 70 µL of gel in a total volume of 100 µL. The cell survival rates on D4 were identical in the control group and the two groups that had been treated with gel on D0 and D1. The bioluminescence levels over time were similar in the gel and control groups. The PCI scores were 35.5 ± 2.89 for the control group and 36 ± 2.45 for the gel group (p = 0.8005). The mean Ki-67 index percentages were 37.28 ±1 1.75 for the control group and 34.03 ± 8.62 for the gel group (p = 0.1971). This in vitro and in vivo study using a mouse model of immunocompetent metastatic peritoneal cancer did not reveal any pro- or anti-tumoral effect of HyaRegen® Gel. These findings indicate that the gel can be used to treat PIPACs with minimal apprehension.

Asunto(s)

Proliferación Celular , Neoplasias Colorrectales , Geles , Ácido Hialurónico , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Neoplasias Peritoneales , Animales , Neoplasias Peritoneales/secundario , Neoplasias Peritoneales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorrectales/patología , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Ratones , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ácido Hialurónico/farmacología , Femenino , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos

RESUMEN

Reducing unnecessary blood loss in hemostasis is a major challenge for traditional hemostatic materials due to uncontrolled blood absorption. Tuning the hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of hemostatic materials provides a road to reduce blood loss. Here, we developed a superhydrophobic aerogel that enabled remarkably reduced blood loss. The aerogel was fabricated with polydopamine-coated and fluoroalkyl chain-modified bacterial cellulose via a directional freeze-drying method. Primarily, the hydrophobic feature prevented blood from uncontrolled absorption by the material and overflowing laterally. Additionally, the aerogel had a dense network of channels that allowed it to absorb water from blood due to the capillary effect, and fluoroalkyl chains trapped the blood cells entering the channels to form a compact barrier via hydrophobic interaction at the bottom of the aerogel, causing quick fibrin generation and blood coagulation. The animal experiments reveal that the aerogel reduced the hemostatic time by 68% and blood loss by 87 wt % compared with QuikClot combat gauze. The study demonstrates the superiority of superhydrophobic aerogels for hemostasis and provides new insights into the development of hemostatic materials.

Asunto(s)

Celulosa , Hemostasis , Hemostáticos , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Nanofibras , Celulosa/química , Celulosa/farmacología , Animales , Nanofibras/química , Hemostáticos/química , Hemostáticos/farmacología , Hemostasis/efectos de los fármacos , Geles/química , Polímeros/química , Polímeros/farmacología , Ratones , Humanos , Coagulación Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Indoles/química

RESUMEN

Recent research has emphasized the development of efficient drug delivery systems to facilitate the delivery of biological compounds such as polyphenols via skin absorption. Phytozomes have been employed as carriers of plant compounds in this context Hydrogen bonding between plant polyphenols and the phospholipid phosphate group enables efficient encapsulation of potent compounds for enhanced drug delivery systems. Additionally, the strong affinity of phytosomes for the skin's phospholipids enhances skin absorption. In this study, phytosomes were initially formulated using the thin-layer hydration method After optimizing the synthetic parameters, phytosomes were loaded with Resveratrol and Quercetin for enhanced delivery and skin absorption potential to assess the characteristics of the synthesized phytosomes, tests were conducted to determine particle distribution and size, zeta potential, and examine the microstructure morphology using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, a siloxane gel base was formulated in this study, and the stability of the physicochemical and biological properties of the final prepared nanoformulation was investigated. The results of this study indicated that the formulated phytosomes exhibit optimal characteristics for facilitating high skin penetration of resveratrol and quercetin. A high skin absorption was observed after 60 days of synthesis. Additionally, the base of the siloxane gel can play a significant role in preventing the formation of scars by reducing the passage of water vapor.

Asunto(s)

Cicatriz , Geles , Quercetina , Resveratrol , Siloxanos , Resveratrol/química , Resveratrol/administración & dosificación , Resveratrol/farmacocinética , Geles/química , Siloxanos/química , Quercetina/química , Quercetina/administración & dosificación , Quercetina/farmacocinética , Absorción Cutánea/efectos de los fármacos , Tamaño de la Partícula , Animales , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitosomas

RESUMEN

Particle concentrations (w) and oil content (Φ) are crucial factors influencing the gel stability of Pickering emulsions. To understand the stabilization mechanism comprehensively, we prepared emulsion gels stabilized by CNF/DMY composite particles at various w (0.5-1.5 wt%) and Φ (0.2-0.6, v/v). The microstructure revealed the adsorption of these particles at the oil-water interface, with excess particles forming a three-dimensional network structure in the continuous phase. Rheological studies showed that the network structure of Pickering emulsions was significantly influenced by w and Φ, resulting in improved emulsion gel strength that hindered the movement of oil droplets and oxygen in the continuous phase, thereby enhancing emulsion stability. Three scenarios for the critical strain (γco) were observed: at Φ = 0.2, γco decreased with increasing w, while at Φ = 0.4, γco increased with increasing w. At Φ = 0.6, γco remained relatively constant regardless of w. In conclusion, adjusting particle concentration and oil content enabled the control of microstructure, rheological properties, and antioxidant capacity of emulsion gels. These findings could be a valuable resource for formulating and ensuring the quality of emulsion gel-based products in the food industry.

Asunto(s)

Celulosa , Emulsiones , Geles , Nanofibras , Oxidación-Reducción , Reología , Emulsiones/química , Nanofibras/química , Geles/química , Celulosa/química , Flavonoles/química , Antioxidantes/química

RESUMEN

In this study, we synthesized and employed an ionic gel-functionalized silica stationary phase for high-performance liquid chromatography. The successful fabrication of the stationary phase was confirmed through attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta-potential measurements, and elemental analysis (EA). Comparative performance evaluation against a commercial column demonstrated the prepared column's effectiveness in the mixed mode of reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC), hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC), and ion chromatography (IC). Moreover, the stationary phase exhibited exceptional retention repeatability in per aqueous liquid chromatography, showcasing its potential as an environmentally friendly analytical method. Mechanistic investigations unveiled multiple solute-stationary phase interactions, including π-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and ion exchange. Finally, we applied the developed stationary phase for the precise detection of preservatives in carbonated beverages and jelly, achieving high levels of accuracy and recovery rates.

Asunto(s)

Cromatografía de Fase Inversa , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Cromatografía de Fase Inversa/métodos , Cromatografía por Intercambio Iónico/métodos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Dióxido de Silicio/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Geles/química