RESUMEN
The extraction of bioactive compounds is based on the application of various extraction techniques. Therefore, the stem and root bark of the plant species Morinda lucida L. were used in this research, while the extraction procedure was performed using three extraction techniques: HAE (homogenizer extraction), UAE (ultrasound extraction) as modern, and MAC (maceration) as conventional extraction technique. The presence of different classes of secondary metabolites was determined using the UHPLC method, while the content of total phenols and flavonoids was determined spectrophotometrically. The biological potential was investigated by in vitro antioxidant and enzyme assays. Different extraction technologies showed significant differences in only two classes of phenols, namely lignans and phenolic acids, which were significantly higher in HAE than in UAE and MAC. These findings highlight the significant effect of stem and bark extracts of M. lucida, opening the way for innovative industrial exploitation of these matrices.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Morinda , Fenoles , Extractos Vegetales , Morinda/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Corteza de la Planta/química , Fraccionamiento Químico/métodos , Tallos de la Planta/química , Raíces de Plantas/químicaRESUMEN
Chinese Olea europaea leaves, rich in verbascosides, were extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and wall-breaking extraction (WBE) with deep eutectic solvents (Optimal UAE: 55 min, 200 mL/g liquid-solid ratio, 20% moisture, yielding 206.23 ± 0.58 mg GAE/g total phenolic content (TPC) and 1.59 ± 0.04% verbascoside yield (VAY); Optimal WBE: 140 s, 210 mL/g, 30% moisture, giving 210.69 ± 0.97 mg GAE/g TPC and 1.33 ± 0.2% VAY). HPLC analysis showed that young leaves accumulated higher TPC and phenolic compounds. Among the five olive varieties, Koroneiki and Chemlal showed the highest TPC in UAE, while Arbosana and Chemlal excelled in WBE. WBE yielded a higher TPC and rutin, whereas UAE marginally increased other phenolics. Additionally, the DPPH⢠assay showed that WBE-extracted verbascoside-rich extracts (VREs) of Chemlal exhibited high antioxidant activity (EC50 of 57 mg/mL), but Koroneiki-VREs exhibited lower activity against the ABTSâ¢+ radical (EC50 of 134 mg/mL). Remarkably, the UAE/WBE-extracted Chemlal-VREs promoted the normal esophageal Het-1A cell line at 25 µg/mL for 24 h; yet, the esophageal cancer Eca-109 cells were sensibly inhibited, especially at 50 µg/mL; and the cell viability decreased dramatically. The results confirmed WBE as a relatively efficient method, and the Chemlal variety may be an excellent source of verbascoside.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Glucósidos , Olea , Fenoles , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Solventes , Olea/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Glucósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Glucósidos/química , Glucósidos/farmacología , Solventes/química , Humanos , Línea Celular Tumoral , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Pueblos del Este de Asia , PolifenolesRESUMEN
The subcritical water extraction of Undaria pinnatifida (blade, sporophyll, and root) was evaluated to determine its chemical properties and biological activities. The extraction was conducted at 180 °C and 3 MPa. Root extracts exhibited the highest phenolic content (43.32 ± 0.19 mg phloroglucinol/g) and flavonoid content (31.54 ± 1.63 mg quercetin/g). Sporophyll extracts had the highest total sugar, reducing sugar, and protein content, with 97.35 ± 4.23 mg glucose/g, 56.44 ± 3.10 mg glucose/g, and 84.93 ± 2.82 mg bovine serum albumin (BSA)/g, respectively. The sporophyll contained the highest fucose (41.99%) and mannose (10.37%), whereas the blade had the highest galactose (48.57%) and glucose (17.27%) content. Sporophyll had the highest sulfate content (7.76%). Key compounds included sorbitol, glycerol, L-fucose, and palmitic acid. Root extracts contained the highest antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 1.51 mg/mL (DPPH), 3.31 mg/mL (ABTS+), and 2.23 mg/mL (FRAP). The root extract exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 of 5.07 mg/mL, indicating strong antidiabetic potential. The blade extract showed notable antihypertensive activity with an IC50 of 0.62 mg/mL. Hence, subcritical water extraction to obtain bioactive compounds from U. pinnatifida, supporting their use in functional foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals is highlighted. This study uniquely demonstrates the variation in bioactive compound composition and bioactivities across different parts of U. pinnatifida, providing deeper insights. Significant correlations between chemical properties and biological activities emphasize the use of U. pinnatifida extracts for chronic conditions.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Extractos Vegetales , Undaria , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/química , Undaria/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Agua/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/química , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Antihipertensivos/aislamiento & purificación , Antihipertensivos/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/química , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/química , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/química , Hipoglucemiantes/aislamiento & purificación , Algas ComestiblesRESUMEN
Sargassum muticum (SM) poses a serious environmental issue since it is a fast-expanding invasive species occupying key areas of the European shoreline, disrupting the autochthonous algae species, and disturbing the ecosystem. This problem has concerned the general population and the scientific community. Nevertheless, as macroalgae are recognized as a source of bioactive molecules, the abundance of SM presents an opportunity as a raw material. In this work, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied as a tool for the optimization of the extraction of bioactive compounds from SM by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Five different parameters were used as target functions: yield, total phenolic content (TPC); and the antioxidant measurements of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and ß-carotene bleaching (BC). After the optimal extraction conditions were determined (time = 14.00 min; pressure = 11.03 bar; ethanol = 33.31%), the chemical composition and bioactivity of the optimum extract was evaluated to appraise its antioxidant capability to scavenge reactive species and as a potential antibacterial, antidiabetic, antiproliferation, and neuroprotective agent. The results lead to the conclusion that MAE crude extract has bioactive properties, being especially active as an antiproliferation agent and as a nitric oxide and superoxide radical scavenger.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Especies Introducidas , Microondas , Sargassum , Sargassum/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/farmacología , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/química , HumanosRESUMEN
Reliable analytical methods are the basis for the elucidation of phenolic compounds in foods. This study aimed to optimize and validate a method for determining 42 phenolics using reverse-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to diode-array-detector-DAD. The performance of two RP columns was evaluated. The 150x4.6 mm 3-µm column showed superior separation quality, whereas 35 of the 42 phenolics showed a separation resolution ≥1.5. The method's linearity, precision (coefficient variation< 3.09%), recovery (87.5-103.2%), specificity, limits of detection (0.04-0.25 mg/L), and quantification (0.06-0.25 mg/L) had acceptable ranges. Thirty phenolics were quantified in Citrus peels, mainly flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, and phenolic acids, highlighting the high values of hesperidin (535-35070 mg/kg) and naringin (26-36466 mg/kg). Lemon peels named 'Lisboa,' 'Thaiti,' 'Thaiti-2000', and 'Thaiti-2001' presented the main phenolics associated with antioxidant capacity. The presented method was robust for determining 42 phenolic compounds, offering a new approach for bioactive compound quantification in food matrices.
Asunto(s)
Citrus , Frutas , Fenoles , Citrus/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Frutas/química , Brasil , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía de Fase Inversa/métodos , Cromatografía de Fase Inversa/instrumentación , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/análisisRESUMEN
A hybrid organic monolithic column made of poly(lauryl methacrylate-co-1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate) and the metal-organic framework MIL-68(Al) was prepared for the first time. The column was used in capillary liquid chromatography, both in isocratic and gradient elution modes. Separation performance towards small molecules of different chemical nature (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylbenzenes, phenols, etc.) was studied. Monte Carlo simulations were made to both select the proper precursors to obtain empty metal-organic framework micropores in the monolithic polymer and also, to analyze the potential free access of the studied analytes into the micropores (necessary to improve mass transfer and column efficiency). The hereby synthesized metal-organic framework microcrystals allowed obtaining homogeneous hybrid monolithic columns. Adding of MIL-68(Al) (1030 m2 g-1 BET specific surface area) increased the surface area from 3.9 m2 g-1 for the parent monolith to 18.2 m2 g-1 for the hybrid column containing 8 mg mL-1 of the microcrystals. Chromatographic performance of this new column was evaluated by studying retention factors, resolution, and plate counts at room temperature. Different compounds, not completely resolved in the parent monolith, were partially or completely separated after metal-organic framework addition. Using the monolithic column with only 2 mg mL-1 of MIL-68(Al), five alkylbenzenes were completely separated with very symmetrical peak shapes, resolution factors up to 3.60 and plate counts of 4300 plates m-1 for n-hexylbenzene. This value is higher than those obtained by other authors who used organic monolithic columns with embedded metal-organic frameworks to perform separations at room temperature. Additionally, nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were partially or completely resolved in gradient elution mode. The hybrid monolithic columns exhibited very good intra-day (%RSD=1.9), inter-day (%RSD=2.6), and column-to-column (%RSD=4.3) reproducibility values. Easy and fast column preparation, and versatility to efficiently separate several compounds of different chemical nature in isocratic and gradient mode, makes this new hybrid column a very good option for the analysis of small molecules in capillary (or nano) HPLC.
Asunto(s)
Estructuras Metalorgánicas , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/química , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/análisis , Hidrocarburos Policíclicos Aromáticos/química , Método de Montecarlo , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , PorosidadRESUMEN
A polyvinyl alcohol/gum tragacanth molecularly imprinted nanofiber fabricated by electrospinning (PVA/GT-MIN) was used as an efficient adsorbent for the solid phase extraction (SPE) of bisphenol A (BPA) in water samples. PVA and GT were functional polymers and BPA was the template for molecular imprinting. BPA was bound to the polymer matrix through hydrogen bonding. The SEM image of PVA/GT-MIN demonstrated a rough morphology with pores and a diameter of 501 nm. The data for the adsorption of BPA on PVA/GT-MIN fitted the Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics models. The proposed SPE using PVA/GT-MIN coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection presented good linearity from 50 µg/L-5 mg/L (R2 = 0.9999) and yielded a limit of detection of 21 µg/L. The PVA/GT-MIN was applied to extract bottled water for BPA analysis and recoveries were 93.1-97.7 % (RSDs ≤ 3.6 %). This study presents a novel, easily prepared PVA/GT-MIN adsorbent for the extraction of BPA in water.
Asunto(s)
Compuestos de Bencidrilo , Impresión Molecular , Nanofibras , Fenoles , Alcohol Polivinílico , Extracción en Fase Sólida , Tragacanto , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Nanofibras/química , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/química , Compuestos de Bencidrilo/análisis , Alcohol Polivinílico/química , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/análisis , Extracción en Fase Sólida/métodos , Adsorción , Impresión Molecular/métodos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/aislamiento & purificación , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Tragacanto/química , Cinética , Límite de DetecciónRESUMEN
The structure of zwitterion has great impact on the separation properties of zwitterionic hydrophilic stationary phases. To better understand the role of anionic groups of zwitterions, a novel carboxybetaine-based zwitterionic monolithic column was first prepared through thermo-initiated copolymerization of functional monomer (3-acrylamidopropyl)-dimethyl-(2-carboxymethyl) ammonium (CBAA) and crosslinker ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) within 100 µm ID capillary. The optimal poly(CBAA-co-EDMA) monolithic column exhibited satisfactory mechanical and chemical stability, good repeatability, high column efficiency (96,000 plates/m), and excellent separation performance for different classes of polar compounds (i.e., phenols, monophosphate nucleotides, urea and allantoin). A comparative study was then performed among three zwitterionic hydrophilic stationary phases containing different anionic groups, i.e. poly(CBAA-co-EDMA) (carboxybetaine), poly(2-{2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyldimethylammonium}ethyl n-butyl phosphate-co-EDMA) (phosphocholine), and poly(N,N-dimethyl-N-(3-methacrylamidopropyl)-N-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine-co-EDMA) (sulfobetaine) using benzoic acid derivatives, amine compounds, nucleobases and nucleosides as model analytes. The carboxybetaine-based monolithic column exhibited much higher positive zeta-potential and hydrophilicity, which endows it with a stronger retention capacity for acidic and neutral compounds, but sulfobetaine-based monolithic column exhibited much higher selectivity and retention capacity for the amines. Moreover, their enrichment efficiencies for N-glycopeptides were also evaluated based on their different hydrophilicity, and it was observed that the poly(CBAA-co-EDMA) monolithic material captured 4-8 times more N-glycopeptides compared to the other two materials.
Asunto(s)
Aniones , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Aniones/química , Betaína/química , Betaína/análogos & derivados , Metacrilatos/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Polímeros/químicaRESUMEN
Acurate and sensitive determination of hazards from food contact materials is important to monitor food safety. It is necessary to excavate efficient adsorbent for simultaneous recognition and adsorption of food hazards of trace level for sample preparation. In this work, ß-cyclodextrin and calix[4]arene were employed as hybrid functional monomers to prepare macrocyclic porous organic polymer (ß-CD-CX4 POP). It was proved that the supramolecular cavities of ß-CD-CX4 POP could form inclusion complexes with fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) through host-guest recognition, which greatly improved the adsorption performance. The hydrophobic cavities of ß-cyclodextrin and calix[4]arene of ß-CD-CX4 POP exhibited synergistic effect for simultaneous recognition of FWAs. The high-throughput enrichment of FWAs was realized by ß-CD-CX4 POP membranes coupled with a multiple-channel syringe pump. Based on membrane-based solid-phase extraction combined with UHPLC-MS/MS, a sensitive analytical method was established to determine six FWAs. The LODs was in range of 3-50 ng/L with the linear range of 0.02-100 µg/L. The developed method was used to quantify FWAs in bread wrapper and bread, and the spiked recoveries ranged from 78.1%-119% with RSD of 2.3%-9.7%. This work indicated that ß-CD-CX4 POP was promising for the simultaneous recognition and adsorption of FWAs migrating from food contact materials.
Asunto(s)
Calixarenos , Embalaje de Alimentos , Límite de Detección , Fenoles , Extracción en Fase Sólida , beta-Ciclodextrinas , beta-Ciclodextrinas/química , Calixarenos/química , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/química , Extracción en Fase Sólida/métodos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Porosidad , Adsorción , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Polímeros/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Membranas ArtificialesRESUMEN
The genus Salix spp. has long been recognized as a healing herb for its use in treating fever, inflammation, and pain relief, as well as a food source for its nutritional value. In this study, we aimed to explore the potential bioactive natural products in the leaves of Salix chaenomeloides, commonly known as Korean pussy willow, for their protective effects against skin damage, including aging. Utilizing LC/MS-guided chemical analysis of the ethanol extract of S. chaenomeloides leaves, with a focus on major compounds, we successfully isolated two main phenolic compounds, tremulacin (1) and tremuloidin (2). Subsequently, we investigated the protective effects of tremulacin (1) and tremuloidin (2) in TNF-α-stimulated human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The results revealed that both tremulacin (1) and tremuloidin (2) inhibited TNF-α-stimulation-induced ROS, suppressed matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) expression, and enhanced collagen secretion. This implies that both tremulacin (1) and tremuloidin (2) hold promise as preventive agents against photoaging-induced skin aging. Furthermore, we assessed the activity of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) to elucidate the mechanism of photoaging inhibition by tremuloidin (2), which exhibited superior efficacy. We found that tremuloidin (2) inhibited ERK and p38 phosphorylation and notably suppressed COX-2 expression while significantly upregulating HO-1 expression. These findings suggest potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of tremuloidin (2), positioning it as a potential candidate for combating photoaging-induced skin aging.
Asunto(s)
Fibroblastos , Fenoles , Hojas de la Planta , Salix , Envejecimiento de la Piel , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa , Humanos , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/química , Salix/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Piel/metabolismo , Piel/citología , Metaloproteinasa 1 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Colágeno/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismoRESUMEN
In this study, N, N '-bis {4- [(α-L- rhamnosyloxy) benzyl]} thiourea (PG-1), a phenolic glycoside compound was purified from Moringa seed. The PG-1 has attracted extensive attention due to its anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic properties. However, some of its physicochemical properties such as oral bioavailability has not been studied. Herein, a highly purified PG-1 was extracted and incorporated in multiple layered liposomes (PG-1-L) to avoid its burst release and enhance oral bioavailability. After appropriate characterization, it was discovered that the obtained PG-1-L was stable, homogeneous and well dispersed with the average particle size being 89.26 ± 0.23 nm. Importantly, the in vitro release and in vivo oral bioavailability of PG-1-L were significantly improved compared with PG-1. In addition, MTT results showed that compared with the free PG-1, PG-1-L displayed obvious inhibitory effect on the HepG2 cells, while the inhibitory effect on healthy non-malignant 3T6 and LO-2 cells was not significant, indicating that PG-1-L had high safety. In conclusion, PG-1-L can be used as a promising delivery system and an ideal novel approach to improve the oral bioavailability and anticancer activity of PG-1.
Asunto(s)
Disponibilidad Biológica , Glicósidos , Liposomas , Moringa oleifera , Fenoles , Semillas , Moringa oleifera/química , Semillas/química , Humanos , Glicósidos/química , Glicósidos/administración & dosificación , Glicósidos/farmacología , Glicósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Células Hep G2 , Fenoles/administración & dosificación , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacocinética , Tamaño de la Partícula , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Ratones , Masculino , Ratas , Administración Oral , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
Fabiana punensis S. C. Arroyo is a subshrub or shrub that is indigenous to the arid and semiarid region of northern Argentina and is known to possess several medicinal properties. The objective of this study was to optimize the extraction conditions so as to maximize the yield of bioactive total phenolic compound (TPC) and flavonoids (F) of F. punensis' aerial parts by using non-conventional extraction methods, namely ultrasound-assisted extraction, UAE, and microwave-assisted extraction, MAE, and to compare the biological activities and toxicity of optimized extracts vs. conventional extracts, i.e., those gained by maceration. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to apply factorial designs to optimize the parameters of extraction: solid-to-liquid ratio, extraction time, ultrasound amplitude, and microwave power. The experimental values for TPC and F and antioxidant activity under the optimal extraction conditions were not significantly different from the predicted values, demonstrating the accuracy of the mathematical models. Similar HPLC-DAD patterns were found between conventional and UAE- and MAE-optimized extracts. The main constituents of the extracts correspond to phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acids) and apigenin was identified. All extracts showed high scavenger capacity on ABTSâ¢+, O2â¢- and H2O2, enabling the inhibition of the pro-inflammatory enzymes xanthine oxidase (XO) and lipoxygenase (LOX). They also showed an antimutagenic effect in Salmonella Typhimurium assay and cytotoxic/anti-proliferative activity on human melanoma cells (SKMEL-28). Toxicological evaluation indicates its safety. The results of this work are important in the development of efficient and sustainable methods for obtaining bioactive compounds from F. punensis for the prevention of chronic degenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Microondas , Fenoles , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas , Extractos Vegetales , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Ondas Ultrasónicas , Fraccionamiento Químico/métodos , Xantina Oxidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Xantina Oxidasa/metabolismoRESUMEN
This study aims to extract phenolic-enriched compounds, specifically oleuropein, luteoloside, and hydroxytyrosol, from olive leaves using ball milling-assisted extraction (BMAE). Response surface methodology (RSM) and the Box-Behnken design (BBD) were used to evaluate the effects of the temperature, solvent-to-solid ratio, and milling speed on extraction recovery. The contents of the extract were determined by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and converted to recoveries to evaluate the extraction efficiency. The optimal extraction conditions for oleuropein, luteoloside, and hydroxytyrosol were identified. Oleuropein had a recovery of 79.0% ± 0.9% at a temperature of 56.4 °C, a solvent-to-solid ratio of 39.1 mL/g, and a milling speed of 429 rpm. Luteoloside's recovery was 74.6% ± 1.2% at 58.4 °C, 31.3 mL/g, and 328 rpm. Hydroxytyrosol achieved 43.1% ± 1.3% recovery at 51.5 °C, 32.7 mL/g, and 317 rpm. The reason for the high recoveries might be that high energy ball milling could reduce the sample size further, breaking down the cell walls of olive leaves, to enhance the mass transfer of these components from the cell to solvent. BMAE is displayed to be an efficient approach to extracting oleuropein, luteoloside, and hydroxytyrosol from olive leaves, which is easy to extend to industrial production.
Asunto(s)
Glucósidos Iridoides , Olea , Fenoles , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Olea/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Glucósidos Iridoides/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Alcohol Feniletílico/análogos & derivados , Alcohol Feniletílico/química , Alcohol Feniletílico/aislamiento & purificación , Iridoides/química , Iridoides/aislamiento & purificación , Espectrometría de Masas , Solventes/químicaRESUMEN
Banana peels, comprising about 35% of the fruit's weight, are often discarded, posing environmental and economic issues. This research focuses on recycling banana peel waste by optimizing advanced extraction techniques, specifically microwave-assisted (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), for the isolation of phenolic compounds. A choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) with glycerol in a 1:3 ratio with a water content of 30% (w/w) was compared to 30% ethanol. Parameters, including sample-to-solvent ratio (SSR), extraction time, and temperature for MAE or amplitude for UAE, were varied. Extracts were analyzed for hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) and flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity using FRAP and ABTS assays. DES outperformed ethanol, with HCA content ranging from 180.80 to 765.92 mg/100 g and flavonoid content from 96.70 to 531.08 mg/100 g, accompanied by higher antioxidant activity. Optimal MAE conditions with DES were an SSR of 1:50, a temperature of 60 °C, and a time of 10 min, whereas an SSR of 1:60, time of 5 min, and 75% amplitude were optimal for UAE. The polyphenolic profile of optimized extracts comprised 19 individual compounds belonging to the class of flavonols, flavan-3-ols, and phenolic acids. This study concluded that DESs, with their superior extraction efficiency and environmental benefits, are promising solvents for the extraction of high-value bioactive compounds from banana peels and offer significant potential for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos , Musa , Fenoles , Extractos Vegetales , Musa/química , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/análisis , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos/química , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Frutas/química , Microondas , Tecnología Química Verde/métodos , Solventes/químicaRESUMEN
Hickory is an abundant source of phenolic compounds that exhibit a diverse range of bioactivities. In this study, phenolic compounds were extracted and purified from hickory green husk (HG), hickory nutshell (HN), and hickory seed coat (HS) using solid-phase extraction and ultrasonication (SPE-US). The effects of the SPE-US treatment on the structure and properties of the phenolic compounds were then investigated, including their composition, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial activity. The dominant phenolic substances in the different extracts after SPE-US treatment were: ellagic acid and trans ferulic acid (HS); ellagic acid and sinapic acid (HN); and rutin (HG). The HS-SPE-US1 extract exhibited the highest total polyphenol content (416 ± 11 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoid content (47.51 ± 0.68 mg RE/g DW), Fe3+ reduction ability (74.2 ± 1.0 mmol Fe2+/g DW), radical (DPPH and ABTS) scavenging ability, and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Fenoles , Extractos Vegetales , Extracción en Fase Sólida , Staphylococcus aureus , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sonicación , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/química , Antiinfecciosos/aislamiento & purificación , Residuos/análisisRESUMEN
Osage orange trees (Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid.) are distributed worldwide, particularly in south-east states of the USA. They produce large quantities of strong yellow fruits, bigger than oranges, but these fruits are inedible, with an acid milky juice which is little consumed by birds and insects. Extracts prepared from Osage orange fruits (hedge apple) have revealed a range of pharmacological properties of interest in human and veterinary medicine. In addition, Osage orange extracts can be used in agriculture and aquaculture, and as dyeing agent for the textile industry. Extracts contain potent antioxidant compounds, notably the isoflavonoids pomiferin and auriculasin, together with other terpenoids and flavonoids. The structural characteristics and pharmacological properties of the major prenylated isoflavones isolated from M. pomifera are discussed here, with a focus on the two phenolic compounds osajin and warangalone, and the two catechol analogues pomiferin and auriculasin. The mechanisms at the origin of their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are presented, notably inhibition of xanthine oxidase, phosphodiesterase 5A and kinases such as RKS2 and kRAS. Osajin and auriculasin display marked anticancer properties, owing to their ability to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration and tumor angiogenesis. Different molecular mechanisms are discussed, including osajincopper complexation and binding to quadruplex DNA. An overview of the mechanism of action of the prenylated isoflavones from Osage orange is presented, with the objective to promote their knowledge and to raise opportunities to better exploit the fruits of Osage orange, abundant but largely neglected at present.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Frutas , Isoflavonas , Maclura , Frutas/química , Isoflavonas/farmacología , Isoflavonas/aislamiento & purificación , Isoflavonas/química , Maclura/química , Humanos , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Prenilación , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , BenzopiranosRESUMEN
In the current investigation, total phenolics and flavonoids of the methanolic extract obtained from the trunk bark of Acacia cyanophylla Lindl. were quantified by LC-HRMS technique. DPPH and ABTS reagents were employed to assay the antioxidant potential. The anti-tyrosinase and anti-α-amylase potentials were also assayed. The findings revealed that thirteen polyphenolic compounds were detected in the methanolic extract with trans-taxifolin (23.2â g/kg), as the major constituent. A. cyanophylla extract displayed a higher activity with DPPH test (IC50=10.14±1.00â µg/mL) than with ABTS (IC50=15.27±2.09â µg/mL). The same extract also exhibited interesting α-amylase inhibitory action (IC50 value of 4.00±0.17â µg/mL). Moreover, methanolic trunk bark extract exerted strong anti-tyrosinase capacity with an IC50 of 5.12±0.41â µg/mL in comparison to kojic acid (IC50=10.22±0.85â µg/mL) used as positive control. The antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-α-amylase potentials of the methanolic extract of A. cyanophylla trunk bark were reinforced by in silico molecular docking analyses, which confirmed the results of the inâ vitro tests.
Asunto(s)
Acacia , Antioxidantes , Inhibidores Enzimáticos , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , Monofenol Monooxigenasa , Fenoles , Corteza de la Planta , Extractos Vegetales , alfa-Amilasas , Corteza de la Planta/química , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , alfa-Amilasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , alfa-Amilasas/metabolismo , Acacia/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/aislamiento & purificación , Picratos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Compuestos de Bifenilo/antagonistas & inhibidores , Simulación por Computador , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Extraction of coconut paring oil (CPO) from processing by-products adds value to the product and reduces resource wastage. This study aims to assess the impact of 20 kHz, 20/80 kHz and 20/40/80 kHz of multi-frequency ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic extraction (MFUAEE) on the yield, physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition, total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and emulsion stability of CPO derived from wet coconut parings (WCP). Results revealed that the CPO extraction yield with MFUAEE was 32.58 % - 43.31 % higher compared to AEE. The tri-frequency 20/40/80 kHz mode of multi-frequency ultrasound pretreatment exhibited the highest CPO extraction yield (70.08 %). The oil extracted through MFUAEE displayed similar fatty acid profiles to AEE, but had lower peroxide value, K232 and K270 values. Particularly, MFUAEE oil contained higher total phenolic content and exhibited potent DPPH free radical scavenging capacity. Results observed by SEM indicated that the pretreatment with multi-frequency ultrasound more efficiently disrupts the cellular structure of the WCP. Additionally, MFUAEE enhanced emulsion stability through the cavitation effect of ultrasound. These findings suggest that MFUAEE is a valuable approach for method for obtaining CPO with elevated extraction yield and superior quality, thereby enhancing the utilization of coconut by-products.
Asunto(s)
Aceite de Coco , Cocos , Emulsiones , Ondas Ultrasónicas , Aceite de Coco/química , Cocos/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/química , Fenómenos Químicos , Fraccionamiento Químico/métodos , Ácidos Grasos/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/químicaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: A growing number of consumers are embracing the philosophy that natural products are better for their health and the environment. As such, they are seeking products they perceive to be safer, healthier, and without toxic chemical or synthetic ingredients. Natural products are gentle enough for daily use and provide a less abrasive alternative to more potent prescription formulations meant for short-term use. Herbal antimicrobial and antioxidant mouth rinses are considered effective adjuncts to toothbrushing and flossing for patients having gingivitis who have undergone implant treatment, providing a clinically significant benefit in the reduction of dental plaque, and also being antioxidant in nature. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types of plant species were taken into consideration. Phyllanthus emblica fruit, Punica granatum flower, and Illicium verum fruit and seed were collected from the native trees of Chennai, Tamil Nadu. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We conclude that P. emblica fruit, P. granatum flower, and I. verum fruit and seed exhibit large amounts of flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. This study also shows that these samples can be used in clinical practice as it has less hematotoxixity percentage. P. granatum that is a pomegranate flower shows a high positive percentage in the presence of flavonoids and phenols. These plant extracts can be used in further studies and in clinical use as mouthwash or topical gel by adding preservatives and flavoring agents.
RésuméEn tant que tels, ils recherchent des produits qu'ils perçoivent comme étant plus sûrs, plus sains et sans ingrédients chimiques ou synthétiques toxiques. Les produits naturels sont suffisamment doux pour un usage quotidien et offrent une alternative moins abrasive aux formulations d'ordonnance plus puissantes destinées à une utilisation à court terme. Les bains de bouche antimicrobiens et antioxydants à base de plantes sont considérés comme des compléments efficaces au brossage des dents et à l'utilisation de la soie dentaire pour les patients atteints de gingivite qui ont subi un traitement implantaire, offrant un avantage cliniquement significatif dans la réduction de la plaque dentaire et étant également de nature antioxydante. Matériels et méthodes: Trois types d'espèces végétales ont été pris en considération. Le fruit de Phyllanthus emblica, la fleur de Punica granatum et le fruit et la graine d'Illicium verum ont été récoltés sur les arbres indigènes de Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Résultats et Conclusion: Nous concluons que les fruits de P. emblica, la fleur de P. granatum et les fruits et graines d'I. verum présentent de grandes quantités de flavonoïdes, de composés phénoliques et de tanins. Cette étude montre également que ces échantillons peuvent être utilisés en pratique clinique car ils ont un pourcentage d'hématotoxinie inférieur. P. granatum qui est une grenadeLa fleur présente un pourcentage positif élevé en présence de flavonoïdes et de phénols. Ces extraits de plantes peuvent être utilisés dans d'autres études et en utilisation clinique comme bain de bouche ou gel topique en ajoutant des conservateurs et des agents aromatisants.
Asunto(s)
Flavonoides , Flores , Frutas , Illicium , Fenoles , Phyllanthus emblica , Extractos Vegetales , Granada (Fruta) , Phyllanthus emblica/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Flavonoides/farmacología , Flavonoides/análisis , Granada (Fruta)/química , Humanos , Flores/química , Illicium/química , Frutas/química , Semillas/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Gelidium sesquipedale is valued in the Spanish agar industry, but its production generates substantial waste, often discarded despite its nutritional and bioactive content. Subcritical water extraction (SWE) at 175 °C and 50 bar for 130 min was performed on this waste after agar extraction, comparing it to conventional ethanol extraction. The SWE extract exhibited superior nutritional profile, including proteins (170.6 ± 1.0 mg/gfreeze-dried-extract), essential amino acids (18.1%), carbohydrates (148.1 ± 0.3 mg/gfreeze-dried-extract), total phenolic content (57 ± 7 mg-EqGA/gfreeze-dried-extract), and also containing Maillard reaction compounds, such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furfural, 2-furanmethanol, 1-(2-furanyl)-ethanone, and 5-methyl-2-furfural, influencing color, aroma and flavor. This extract showed better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties than the conventional extract, and higher xanthine oxidase, tyrosinase, and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities. Toxicological assessment on human cells indicated the safety of the SWE extract. Therefore, SWE technology offers a promising method to valorize G. sesquipedale residue, yielding a bioactive and nutrient-rich extract suitable for food and nutraceutical applications.