RESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: In traditional Persian medicine (TPM), people often use herbal infusions as a dosage form to treat diseases related to hyperglycemia, known as 'dam-kardeh'. Traditionally, herbal preparations of Eryngium bungei Boiss. (E. b), Tragopogon buphthalmoides (DC.) Boiss. (T. b), Salvia hydrangea DC. ex Benth. (S. h), and Juniperus polycarpos K. Koch. (J. p) are used to manage diabetes in Iran. However, there is no evidence of their effectiveness in controlling glucose levels and their mechanisms remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aimed to investigate whether traditional doses of plant infusions can have hypoglycemic and/or anti-hyperglycemic effects during fasting and/or postprandial states and establish the basis for future research on their potential mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effects of traditional doses of herbal extracts on blood glucose levels in STZ-NA-induced hyperglycemic rats were investigated in 2-h acute tests during fasting and postprandial states (with a glucose load). In addition, the potential inhibitory effect in vitro of enzymes involved in relevant pathways, such as gluconeogenesis (fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, FBPase and glucose-6-phosphatase, G6Pase), carbohydrate breakdown (intestinal α-glucosidases), and insulin sensitivity (protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, PTP-1B) was evaluated. Acute toxicity tests were carried out and HPLC-SQ-TOF was used to analyze the chemical profiles of the plant extracts. RESULTS: In the fasting state, T. b, S. h, and E. b were as effective as glibenclamide in lowering blood glucose levels in hyperglycemic rats. Moreover, all three suppressed G6Pase and FBPase enzymatic activity by 90-97% and 80-91%, respectively. On the other hand, significant postprandial hypoglycemic efficacy was observed for E. b, S. h, and T. b. Based on the AUC values, T. b caused a reduction comparable to the therapeutic efficacy of repaglinide. When investigating the possible mechanisms of action involved in this activity, E. b, S. h, and T. b showed significant inhibition of PTP-1B in vitro (>70%). Finally, all plant extracts showed no signs of acute toxicity. Several compounds that may contribute to biological activities were identified, including phenolic acids and flavonoid glycosides. CONCLUSIONS: The present study supports the traditional use of T. b, E. b and S. h for the control of diabetes in the fasting and postprandial state. Moreover, these plants were found to be rich in bioactive compounds with hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities. On the other hand, J. p, showed a modest effect only in the fasting state and after 90 min. Further studies are needed to expand these results by analyzing the chemical composition and using complementary experimental models.
Asunto(s)
Glucemia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental , Ayuno , Hipoglucemiantes , Extractos Vegetales , Periodo Posprandial , Animales , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/sangre , Masculino , Irán , Ratas , Medicina Persa , Ratas Wistar , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Plantas Medicinales/química , Estreptozocina , Juniperus/químicaRESUMEN
The influence of oxygen on the thermal treatment (TT) of secondary metabolite-enriched extracts (SMEEs) from Tórtola beans and procyanidin C1 (PC1) on the inhibition of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) generation in proteins was investigated. SMEE was incubated at 4 °C (control) or thermally treated at 60 °C for 2 h, at either 0 % O2 (I) or 20 % O2 (II). Treatments I and II increased the content of procyanidin dimers B2. Treatment II was more effective than the control or treatment I in preventing homocysteine oxidation and AGEs generation. TT of PC1 at 0 % or 20 % O2 generated procyanidin dimers and tetramers. PC1 TT at 20 % O2 exhibited higher oxidation potentials and lower IC50 values of fluorescent AGEs than those of controls or TT at 0 % O2. These findings indicate that SMEE from Tórtola beans after treatment II changes the degree of polymerization and oxidation procyanidins, thereby increasing their antiglycation activity.
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Antioxidantes , Biflavonoides , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada , Calor , Oxidación-Reducción , Phaseolus , Extractos Vegetales , Proantocianidinas , Proantocianidinas/química , Proantocianidinas/farmacología , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/química , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Biflavonoides/farmacología , Biflavonoides/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Phaseolus/química , Catequina/química , Catequina/farmacología , Glicosilación , ChileRESUMEN
This study focuses on the extraction of bioactive compounds from Quercus sideroxyla Bonpl., leaves which have been shown to possess health benefits. The extraction process was done using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), which is efficient and preserves heat-sensitive compounds. Key factors in the process included the choice of solvents, pressure, temperature, and extraction duration. The Hansen solubility parameters analysis aided in selecting effective solvents, such as ethanol and benzyl alcohol. The extracts were found to contain phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and polyphenols with antioxidant properties. The UPLC-PDA-ESI-QqQ was employed for the precise identification and quantification of these compounds, demonstrating superior extraction of quinic acid and gallic acid at elevated temperatures. Notably, the extracts obtained through PLE exhibited significant inhibitory activity of the MAO-A enzyme, linked to neuronal and cognitive health, suggesting potential benefits in these areas.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Inhibidores de la Monoaminooxidasa , Monoaminooxidasa , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Polifenoles , Quercus , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Inhibidores de la Monoaminooxidasa/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Monoaminooxidasa/química , Inhibidores de la Monoaminooxidasa/aislamiento & purificación , Polifenoles/química , Polifenoles/farmacología , Polifenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Quercus/química , Monoaminooxidasa/metabolismo , Monoaminooxidasa/química , Solventes/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta PresiónRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This work aimed to investigate the effects of Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) on myocardial cell (MC) apoptosis in a rat model of heart failure (HF). METHODS: Tan IIA was extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) using an ethanol reflux method. Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham (no treatment), mod (HF model establishment), low dose (LD: 0.1 mL/kg Tan IIA), medium dose (MD: 0.3 mL/kg Tan IIA), and high dose (HD: 0.5 mL/kg Tan IIA), with 10 rats in each group. The effects of different doses of Tan IIA on cardiac function, MC apoptosis, and the levels of proteins associated with the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway were compared. RESULTS: Mod group showed a significant decrease in systolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, left ventricular systolic pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction, left ventricular fractional shortening, and the levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-mTOR proteins versus sham group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVIDd), end-systolic diameter, diastolic pressure, and MC apoptosis were significantly increased (p < 0.05). LD, MD, and HD groups exhibited significant improvements across various indicators of cardiac function and MC apoptosis versus mod group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Tan IIA may improve cardiac function and inhibit MC apoptosis in rats with HF by modulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Asunto(s)
Abietanos , Apoptosis , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Miocitos Cardíacos , Salvia miltiorrhiza , Animales , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Salvia miltiorrhiza/química , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Masculino , Abietanos/farmacología , Abietanos/uso terapéutico , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Distribución Aleatoria , Transducción de Señal/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/efectos de los fármacos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas/metabolismo , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
In this research, we aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of an atomized extract of Cnidoscolus diacanthus (Pax & K. Hoffm.) J.F. Macbr., known in Peru as "huanarpo hembra", and its effect on sex hormone levels. Its phytochemical profile was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), while its total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFs) were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the aluminum chloride method. Its antioxidant activity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the radical 2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6 sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The biological activity of C. diacanthus and its effect on sexual hormones were determined in Holtzman rats of both sexes. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds in its leaves and stems, mainly rutin, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and genistein. However, the stem extract contained higher total phenol (464.38 ± 4.40 GAE/g) and flavonoid (369.17 ± 3.16 mg QE/g of extract) contents than the leaf extract (212.38 ± 3.19 mg GAE/g and 121.49 ± 2.69 mg QE/g). For DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP, the Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) was 597.20 ± 5.40 µmol/g, 452.67 ± 5.76 µmol/g, and 535.91 ± 1.56 µmol/g, respectively, for the stems, while for the leaves, it was 462.39 ± 3.99 µmol/g, 202.32 ± 5.20 µmol/g, and 198.13 ± 1.44 µmol/g, respectively. In terms of the values for hormonal levels, at a dose of 100 mg/kg of the extract, testosterone levels of 1.430 ng/mL (with the leaf extract) and 1.433 ng/mL (with the stem extract), respectively, were found in the male rats. Regarding estradiol levels, in the female rats, these were 10.425 ng/mL (leaf extract) and 8.775 ng/mL (stem extract), while their levels of luteinizing hormone were 0.320 mIU/mL (leaf extract) and 0.273 mIU/mL (stem extract). For the follicle-stimulating hormone, levels of 0.858 mIU/mL (leaf extract) and 0.840 mIU/mL (stem extract) were found in the female rats, and levels of 0.220 mIU/mL (leaf extract) and 0.200 mIU/mL (stem extract) were found in the male rats. It is concluded that the C. diacanthus stem extract had a greater antioxidant capacity than the leaf extract, while both extracts had a superior effect on the sex hormone levels in the female rats compared to the male rats.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Extractos Vegetales , Hojas de la Planta , Tallos de la Planta , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Ratas , Masculino , Tallos de la Planta/química , Flavonoides/análisis , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Femenino , Perú , Hormonas Esteroides Gonadales/metabolismo , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/farmacología , Euphorbiaceae/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/química , Fitoquímicos/análisisRESUMEN
Diabetes mellitus is associated with chronic wound-healing problems that significantly impact patients' quality of life and substantially increase expenditure on healthcare. Therefore, the identification of compounds that can aid healing is justified. Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) has been used in folk medicine for curative purposes; however, the causal mechanisms underlying its healing effects remain to be elucidated. In this study, the effect of the ethanolic extract of A. cordifolia was evaluated in an in vitro healing model using fibroblasts cultivated under normoglycemic and hyperglycemic environments. The extract was predominantly composed of phytol and exhibited genoprotective activity. Fibroblast migration attenuated the adverse effects of hyperglycemia, favoring cell proliferation. Collagen levels were significantly increased in ruptured fibroblasts under both standard and hyperglycemic environments. The phytogenomic effect of the extract on three genes related to extracellular matrix formation, maintenance, and degradation showed that A. cordifolia increased the expression of genes related to matrix synthesis and maintenance in both normoglycemic and hyperglycemic individuals. Furthermore, it reduced the expression of genes related to matrix degradation. Overall, this is the first study to demonstrate the effectiveness of A. cordifolia in wound healing, elucidating possible causal mechanisms that appear to be based on the genoprotective effect of this plant on the migratory and proliferative phases of the wound healing process; these effects are probably related to phytol, its main constituent.
Asunto(s)
Movimiento Celular , Proliferación Celular , Fibroblastos , Hiperglucemia , Extractos Vegetales , Cicatrización de Heridas , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Etanol/química , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Gomphrena celosioides, popularly known as perpétua, perpétua brava, bachelor´s button and prostate globe amarahth, is used for the treatment of urinary tract disorders, kidney stones, for skin diseases, infectious diseases, gastrointestinal and respiratory conditions. Rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, this plant has therefore a potential for use in cancer prevention. Given the above, the present research aimed to evaluate the carcinogenic effect of the ethanolic extract of G. celosioides (EEGc) in an alternative model of Drosophila melanogaster and the genotoxic and antigenotoxic effects in Swiss mice. The larval survival test and the detection of epithelial tumor clones were performed in D. melanogaster. The tested EEGc concentrations were 0.96, 1.92, 3.85 and 7.70 mg/mL. In Swiss mice, the genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of doses of 100, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/Kg were evaluated. The results showed that EEGc at a concentration of 7.70 mg/mL reduced (p<0.05) larval survival. However, EEGc was not carcinogenic, and the lowest concentration (0.96 mg/mL) prevented (p<0.05) the basal occurrence of epithelial tumors. In mice, EEGc at the highest dose (2,000mg/Kg) increased the frequency of genomic lesions (p<0.05). Yet, none of the doses caused chromosomal lesions (p>0.05). When associated with cyclophosphamide, EEGc was antigenotoxic (p<0.05). The percentages of reduction of genomic damage ranged from 33.39 to 63.23% and of chromosomal damage from 20.00 to 77.19%. In view of the above, it is suggested that EEGc is not carcinogenic, has an antigenotoxic effect and chemopreventive properties.
Asunto(s)
Drosophila melanogaster , Extractos Vegetales , Animales , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratones , Masculino , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Carcinógenos/toxicidad , Etanol , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Anticarcinógenos/farmacología , Pruebas de MutagenicidadRESUMEN
Nanotechnology is a fast-growing field with large number of applications. Therefore, the current study, was designed to prepare Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) from A. modesta leaves extract through a cost-effective method. The prepared NPs were characterized through UV-Vis Spectroscopy (UV-Vis), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The XRD and DLS analysis revealed the hexagonal nanocrystalline nature of ZnO NPs. The FTIR results displayed multiple fictional groups and UV results confirmed its optical properties. The average size of the NPs was 68.3 nm with a band gap of 2.71 eV. The SEM images divulge a clover leaf shape of ZnO NPs. The EDX spectrum revealed the presence of zinc and oxygen. The prepared NPs showed excellent biomedical application. The highest antileishmanial activity was 68%, anti-inflammatory activity was 78%, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was 79.1%, antibacterial potential (ZOI) 22.1 mm, and highest growth inhibition of 85 ± 2.1% against A. rabiei. The adsorption efficiency of 85.3% within 120 min was obtained. Conclusively ZnO NPs have shown potential biomedical and environmental applications and ought to be the more investigated to enhance their practical use.
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Antiinfecciosos , Fitoquímicos , Óxido de Zinc , Óxido de Zinc/farmacología , Óxido de Zinc/química , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/química , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Difracción de Rayos X , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Nanopartículas/química , Tecnología Química Verde/métodosRESUMEN
Inga cylindrica, a tropical fruit tree of the Fabaceae family (subfamily Mimosoideae), is native to South America. The seeds from this family are an essential source of trypsin inhibitors, which display promising bioactivity for increasing host defense against pathogens. The aim of the present study was to characterize the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of the trypsin inhibitor extracted from I. cylindrica seeds, ICTI. ICTI demonstrated antifungal activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32.11 µmol.L-1, and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of 32.1 µmol.L-1, against Cryptococcus gattii, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata and Candida guilliermondii. Combining ICTI with Amphotericin B had a significant synergistic effect, reducing the concentration of the antibiotic by 75% for C. albicans and 94% for C. gatti. The significant increase (16 x) in activity observed with ergosterol (1.01 mol.L-1) for C. albicans and C. gatti, and the lack of activity against bacterial strains, suggests that ICTI interferes with the integrity of the fungal cell membrane. Treatment with ICTI at 10 x MIC resulted in a 51% reduction in biofilm formation and a 56% decrease in mature biofilm colonies for C. albicans. Finally, ICTI displayed no toxicity in the in vivo Galleria mellonella model. Given its antifungal and antibiofilm properties, ICTI could be a promising candidate for the development of new antimicrobial drug prototypes.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos , Biopelículas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Inhibidores de Tripsina , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Inhibidores de Tripsina/farmacología , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Fabaceae/química , Semillas/químicaRESUMEN
Immunosuppressed individuals, including those undergoing cancer treatment, are more vulnerable to fungal infections, such as oral candidiasis, impacting their quality of life. Given the limitations of current therapies, the discovery of new antifungal agents, including those of natural origin, is crucial for the proper managing of these infections. We investigated the phytochemical profile and antifungal activity of both the essential oil and crude ethanolic extract (CEE) obtained from Eugenia luschnathiana against reference strains and clinical isolates of Candida from oncology patients. Toxicological characterization was also conducted. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were used for phytochemical analysis. Antifungal evaluation was conducted to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC); evaluation of potential mechanisms of action; activity on a fungal biofilm; evaluation of the cytotoxic effect on human keratinocytes of the HaCat lineage by the MTT method; determination of lethality for Artemia salina larvae. GC-MS identified a predominance of sesquiterpenes in the essential oil, notably (E)-Caryophyllene. The 1H NMR spectrum identified aliphatic, osidic, and aromatic compounds in the crude ethanolic extract. The essential oil showed no antifungal activity. However, the CEE exhibited fungicidal activity, with MIC and MFC ranging from 1.95 µg/mL to 3.90 µg/mL. The antifungal effect was affected by sorbitol, indicating a possible mechanism targeting fungal cell wall structures. At low concentration (19.5 µg/mL), the CEE inhibited 62,78% of C. albicans biofilm. The CEE demonstrated a promising toxicity profile, with an LC50 of 142.4 µg/mL against Artemia salina. In conclusion, the CEE from Eugenia luschnathiana exhibited potent antifungal activity, likely through cell wall disruption, biofilm inhibition, and a favorable toxicity profile for further exploration.
Asunto(s)
Antifúngicos , Candida , Eugenia , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Aceites Volátiles , Extractos Vegetales , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Humanos , Eugenia/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Artemia/efectos de los fármacos , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Neoplasias , Syzygium/químicaRESUMEN
Maternal endotoxemia disturbs the intrauterine environment, impairs nephrogenesis, and increases the risk of hypertension and kidney disease in adulthood. Here, it was investigated whether maternal treatment with the water extract of Moringa oleifera seeds (WEMoS) or the water-soluble M. oleifera seed lectin (WSMoL) prevents the oxidative stress induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in pregnant rats, and the renal injury and hypertension in the adult offspring. The administration of WEMoS or WSMoL prevented the stimulatory effects of LPS on lipid peroxidation in the maternal-placenta-fetuses environment. The impact of WEMoS was linked to decreased superoxide anions production in the placenta. The effects of WSMoL were parallel to the inhibition of superoxide anion production and NADPH oxidase activity. The WSMoL also prevented increased NADPH oxidase activity in the fetal kidney. The LPS offspring presented higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) and increased lipid peroxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase activity, and nitrate/nitrite in the kidney; the maternal treatment with WEMoS and WSMoL prevented these changes. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that WEMoS and WSMoL have protective effects on maternal endotoxemia, which involve antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions that prevent the programming of hypertension.
Asunto(s)
Hipertensión , Moringa oleifera , Estrés Oxidativo , Extractos Vegetales , Ratas Wistar , Semillas , Animales , Moringa oleifera/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Semillas/química , Embarazo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Hipertensión/prevención & control , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Lipopolisacáridos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Lectinas/farmacología , Endotoxemia/prevención & control , Antioxidantes/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Salinity limits the growth and productivity of crops, to reverse these effects, natural pigments with antioxidant bioactivity can be studied, such as turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) and paprika (Capsicum annum L.). Therefore, it aimed to evaluate turmeric and paprika as possible saline stress attenuators and biostimulants during germination and initial development of smooth lettuce seedlings. In the laboratory, the seeds were treated for 1 hour with a solution of paprika and turmeric at doses 0 (negative control), 1, 2, 3 and 4 g L-1, and placed on a substrate with saline solution of sodium chloride 4 g L-1 (-0,4 Mpa), and a positive control, composed of dry seeds arranged in a substrate moistened with distilled water. Physiological quality analysis were carried out, and for the dose that showed the best result (4 g L-1), the treated seeds were grown in a greenhouse, and received weekly applications via foliar with a 4 g L-1 solution for turmeric and paprika. After the crop cycle, morphometric analyzes were performed. The turmeric and paprika solutions were analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to identify the presence of bioactive substances. The turmeric doses were not efficient in overcoming the effects of salinity on seeds and seedlings, which was attributed to the low solubility of turmeric in water. Paprika, although it did not provide the biostimulant effect, was efficient in attenuating the effects of excess salt, at a concentration of 4 g L-1, promoting increases in physiological quality. In HPLC, a very low signal response was noted in relation to samples composed of turmeric and paprika solutions, indicating a low percentage of soluble compounds, which compromises bioactivity, and leads to the need for further analyses using surfactants and/or other solvents with which there is greater affinity.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Curcuma , Germinación , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Curcuma/química , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Germinación/fisiología , Lactuca/efectos de los fármacos , Lactuca/química , Lactuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Salinidad , Plantones/efectos de los fármacos , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantones/química , Semillas/química , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Seed priming with biostimulant for soybean is a promising practice contributing positively to the physiological quality and vigor of seedlings, but there are little studies regarding protocols of bioinputs, such as Ascophyllum nodosum L. seaweed extract. We aimed to evaluate the effect of doses of A. nodosum macroalgae in seed priming and its impact on germination and seedling vigor of soybean. Seeds were subjected to priming with A. nodosum extract (ANE) at doses of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mL kg seed-1 during 15 min. Priming with ANE did not influence the first count and seed germination. Soybean seedlings from priming with 5 mL kg-1 ANE showed higher growth and shoot and root dry biomass. We observed increase 18% for shoot dry matter with priming of 5 mL kg-1 ANE compared to untreated seeds. The responses were variable for the emergence speed index in function ANE and did not influence the photochemical processes in photosystem II. Seed priming with ANE contributed in higher chlorophyll index. ANE showed a biostimulant effect on soybean seedlings, providing better growth and biomass characteristics, being promising in seed priming, but further studies are suggested in order to increase information regarding its use protocol for soybean.
Asunto(s)
Ascophyllum , Germinación , Glycine max , Plantones , Semillas , Ascophyllum/química , Glycine max/crecimiento & desarrollo , Glycine max/efectos de los fármacos , Germinación/fisiología , Germinación/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/efectos de los fármacos , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Plantones/crecimiento & desarrollo , Biomasa , Algas Marinas/fisiología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Clorofila/análisisRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the effects of a mucoadhesive formula, containing curcuminoids from Curcuma longa L. and glycerinated extract of Bidens pilosa L. (FITOPROT), associated with photobiomodulation (PBM), and of PBM exclusively, on the incidence of oral mucositis (OM)-induced by radiotherapy (RT) in the head and neck region, and the salivary expression of inflammatory cytokines, in patients with head neck cancer. METHODS: Patients were randomly assigned into two intervention groups-FITOPROT + PBM (n = 25) or PBM (n = 27). PBM protocol comprised a wavelength of 660 nm, 25 mW, 0.25 J/point, and daily irradiation from the first until the last day of RT. FITOPROT was gargled twice a day. All patients underwent a preventive oral care program throughout the study. OM degree, salivary concentration of nitrite, and inflammatory (IL-1, TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-12p70), and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines were assessed at baseline, and at the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 30th RT sessions. RESULTS: There were no differences in the OM degree between groups, but the RT dose significantly affected the OM. The RT significantly affected the salivary nitrite, TNFα, IL-1ß, and IL-10 concentrations. CONCLUSION: FITOPROT associated with PBM showed limited effects on preventing the incidence of severe OM compared to PBM alone. However, FITOPROT + PBM may be associated with nitrite and cytokine balance, which may contribute to the occurrence of fewer cases of severe OM. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Brazilian Clinical Trials database (ReBEC; RBR-9vddmr), registered UTN code: U1111-1193-2066, registered in August 8th, 2017.
Asunto(s)
Bidens , Curcuma , Citocinas , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello , Extractos Vegetales , Estomatitis , Humanos , Estomatitis/etiología , Estomatitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Estomatitis/prevención & control , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Citocinas/metabolismo , Femenino , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias de Cabeza y Cuello/radioterapia , Anciano , Terapia por Luz de Baja Intensidad/métodos , Adulto , Saliva , Fitoterapia/métodosRESUMEN
AIMS: Evaluate the in vitro efficacy of the essential oils derived from Aloysia citrodora (Verbenaceae), Cymbopogon winterianus (Poaceae), and Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiaceae) against Acanthamoeba polyphaga trophozoites. Additionally, microemulsions formulated with these essential oils, along with their major components, were analyzed. METHODS AND RESULTS: The prepared microemulsions were characterized using polarized light microscopy and rheological techniques. The amoebicidal activity was determined by measuring the inhibitory concentration (IC50). Flow cytometry was employed to detect membrane damage and alterations in trophozoites size. The results revealed transparent and thermodynamically stable microemulsions. The essential oil from O. gratissimum exhibited a lower IC50, with values of 280.66 and 47.28 µg ml-1 after 24 and 48 h, respectively. When microemulsions containing essential oils were tested, the IC50 values exhibited a reduction of over 80% after 24 h. Particularly, eugenol, a constituent of the O. gratissimum essential oil, displayed higher amoebicidal activity. The essential oils also caused damage to the cell membrane, resulting in the subsequent death of the trophozoites. CONCLUSIONS: The EOs of A. citrodora, C. winterianus, and O. gratissimum and their microemulsions showed antiparasitic effect against A. polyphaga trophozoites, representing promising alternatives for the treatment of diseases caused by this protozoan.
Asunto(s)
Acanthamoeba , Cymbopogon , Emulsiones , Ocimum , Aceites Volátiles , Trofozoítos , Verbenaceae , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Aceites Volátiles/química , Cymbopogon/química , Ocimum/química , Emulsiones/farmacología , Trofozoítos/efectos de los fármacos , Acanthamoeba/efectos de los fármacos , Verbenaceae/química , Amebicidas/farmacología , Aceites de Plantas/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Athenaea fasciculata, a Brazilian native species from the Solanaceae family, is recognized as a promising source of bioactive withanolides, particularly Aurelianolide A and B, which exhibit significant antitumoral activities. Despite its potential, research on the chemical constituents of this species remains limited. This study aimed to dereplicate extracts and partitions of A. fasciculata to streamline the discovery of bioactive withanolides. METHODS: Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS), various extracts-including n-hexane, methanol, and ethanol-were analyzed, and their mass spectrometry data were processed through the GNPS platform for the generation of molecular networking. The results indicated that crude extracts displayed comparable cytotoxicity against Jurkat cells, by treatment at 150 µg/mL, while alcoholic extracts achieved approximately 80% inhibition of K562 cells and K562-Lucena 1 at the same concentration. Notably, the dichloromethane partition exhibited the highest cytotoxicity across leukemia cell lines, particularly against Jurkat cells (IC50 = 14.34 µg/mL). A total of 22 compounds were annotated by manual inspection and different libraries, with six of them demonstrating significant cytotoxic effects. CONCLUSIONS: This research underscores the therapeutic potential of A. fasciculata and highlights the effectiveness of integrating advanced analytical methods in drug discovery, paving the way for further exploration of its bioactive compounds.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos , Extractos Vegetales , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Witanólidos , Humanos , Witanólidos/farmacología , Witanólidos/química , Witanólidos/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Células Jurkat , Solanaceae/química , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Línea Celular Tumoral , Células K562RESUMEN
Cestodes are etiological agents of neglected diseases such as echinococcosis and cysticercosis, which are major public health problems. Antiparasitic treatment relies on a small number of approved drugs, which are often only partially effective, poorly tolerated and require prolonged administration. Thus, the discovery of novel potential treatments is critical. The Stevia genus (Asteraceae) includes species that are recognized as a source of bioactive compounds, with many species associated with medicinal uses. In this study, the cestocidal activity of four South American Stevia species that previously showed antiprotozoal activity was analyzed using a motility assay on the laboratory cestode model, Mesocestoides vogae. The four Stevia extracts showed cestocidal activity, with S. alpina var. alpina as the most active. The sesquiterpene lactones estafietin and eupatoriopicrin were purified from S. alpina var. alpina and S. maimarensis, respectively, and tested on M. vogae. Estafietin showed cestocidal activity, inhibiting parasite viability in a dose-dependent manner, even from the first day of incubation. Consistent with the motility effects, the extract of S. alpina var. alpina and estafietin induced marked alterations in the morphology of the parasite. The results of this report show that Stevia species represent a source of new molecules with potential for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases caused by cestodes.
Asunto(s)
Antihelmínticos , Extractos Vegetales , Stevia , Stevia/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Antihelmínticos/química , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/farmacología , Cestodos/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades Desatendidas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Cestodos/tratamiento farmacológico , Mesocestoides/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Capsinoids are potential antioxidant agents capable of reducing oxidative damage and the resulting complications triggered by obesity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of capsinoids on adiposity and biomarkers of cardiac oxidative stress in obese rats induced by a high-fat diet. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were exposed to a high-fat diet for 27 consecutive weeks. After the characterization of obesity (week 19), some of the obese animals began to receive capsinoids (10 mg/kg/day) by orogastric gavage. Adiposity and comorbidities were assessed. In the heart, remodeling, injury, and biomarkers of oxidative stress were determined. RESULTS: The treatment did not reduce obesity-induced adiposity but was efficient in reducing cholesterol levels. Capsinoid treatment did not cause a difference in heart and LV mass, despite having reduced troponin I concentrations. Furthermore, capsinoids did not reduce the increase in the advanced oxidation of protein products and carbonylated proteins caused by obesity in cardiac tissue. In addition, obese rats treated with capsinoids presented high levels of malondialdehyde and greater antioxidant enzyme activity compared to untreated obese rats. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, treatment with capsinoids increases antioxidative enzyme activity and prevents obesity-induced cardiac injury without positively modulating body fat accumulation and cardiac oxidative biomarkers.
Asunto(s)
Adiposidad , Antioxidantes , Biomarcadores , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Obesidad , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas Wistar , Animales , Masculino , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Ratas , Adiposidad/efectos de los fármacos , Miocardio/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Lesiones Cardíacas/prevención & control , Lesiones Cardíacas/metabolismo , Lesiones Cardíacas/etiología , Malondialdehído/metabolismoRESUMEN
The cell signaling pathways involved in the antiproliferative activities of T. rosea inner bark remain unexplored. This study evaluated the apoptotic effects of two iridoids from the inner bark of T. rosea and apicidin on THP-1 cells. The cytotoxic effects of the extract and the pure compounds on THP-1 and Jurkat cells were also evaluated using the MTT assay. The apoptotic effect was determined by measuring the mitochondrial membrane potential. The expression of mRNA and MAPK kinase, Bax, and Bcl-2 proteins was detected by Western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. The extract and the compounds evaluated increased the percentage of apoptotic cells. Depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane was observed, and the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase increased. Catalposide and specioside significantly increased p38 protein expression, mostly in cells pretreated with apicidin. The p38 MAPK signaling pathway is at least one of the pathways by which the n-butanol extract obtained from Tabebuia rosea, catalposide, and specioside exerts its apoptotic effect on THP-1 cells, and this effect generates a response in the G0/G1 phase and subsequent cell death. In addition, there was depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, an effect that was related to the participation of the proapoptotic protein Bax.
Asunto(s)
Apoptosis , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial , Corteza de la Planta , Extractos Vegetales , Tabebuia , Humanos , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Corteza de la Planta/química , Potencial de la Membrana Mitocondrial/efectos de los fármacos , Tabebuia/química , Péptidos Cíclicos/farmacología , Péptidos Cíclicos/química , Péptidos Cíclicos/aislamiento & purificación , Células Jurkat , Leucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Leucemia/metabolismo , Leucemia/patología , 1-Butanol/química , Proteínas Quinasas p38 Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , Células THP-1 , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Salvia elegans Vahl is a plant commonly used in Mexico as a remedy for nervous disorders, inflammatory diseases, and "ringing in the ears"; the latter can be associated with arteriosclerotic conditions and arterial hypertension. Therefore, based on medicinal use, this work aimed to evaluate the hydroalcoholic extract (SeHA, 100 mg/kg) of this plant and two fractions, ethyl acetate (SeFAc, 50 mg/kg), and obtained from SeFAc fractionation denominated SeF3 (10 mg/kg), on several alterations derived from metabolic syndrome (MetS) derived from the ingestion of a high-calorie diet (high-fat diet), in ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mice, leading to chronic inflammation that results in neurological damage such as depression. Therefore, several MetS-related parameters, such as forced swim tests, hypertension, serum corticosterone levels, glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, adiposity index, and insulin resistance, will be evaluated. Additionally, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were measured in kidneys, fat tissue, brains, and spleens. It was proven that all those S. elegans-derived treatments reversed the damage, showing antidepressant, antihypertensive, antihyperglycemic, and antidyslipidemic effects and decreased adiposity, insulin resistance, and serum corticosterone. They induced a modulatory response by modifying the levels of TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, and IL-10 in different organs. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of the acetate of ethyl fraction from S. elegans (SeFAc) fraction revealed the presence of rosmarinic and caffeic acids as well as flavonoids, while the fraction from SeFAc called SeF3 Was identified by gas mass as methyl glucose, glycerol, and known sterols, among others. Thus, it was concluded that S. elegans protects against the harmful effects of MetS.