RESUMEN
Vitamin D is one of the most important nutrients required by the human body. It is a steroid hormone that plays an important role in regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and bone health. Epidemiological studies have revealed a close correlation between vitamin D and many common chronic diseases. Additionally, vitamin D has recently been shown to act as an immunomodulatory hormone, and, accordingly, vitamin D deficiency was uncovered as a risk factor for autoimmune thyroid diseases, although the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. It is therefore necessary to disclose the role and mechanism of action of vitamin D in the occurrence and development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. This knowledge will help design intervention and early treatment strategies for patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases who present with low levels of vitamin D.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Hashimoto/metabolismo , Factores Inmunológicos/metabolismo , Tiroiditis Autoinmune/metabolismo , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/metabolismo , Vitamina D/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/fisiopatología , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/prevención & control , Humanos , Factores Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Receptores de Calcitriol/metabolismo , Factores de Riesgo , Pruebas de Función de la Tiroides , Tiroiditis Autoinmune/fisiopatología , Tiroiditis Autoinmune/prevención & control , Vitamina D/sangre , Vitamina D/uso terapéutico , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/prevención & control , Vitaminas/sangre , Vitaminas/metabolismo , Vitaminas/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Background: There is a growing awareness that nutritional habits may influence risk of several inflammatory and immune-mediated disorders, including autoimmune diseases, through various mechanisms. The aim of the present study was to investigate dietary habits and their relationship with redox homeostasis in the setting of thyroid autoimmunity. Materials and Methods: Two hundred subjects (173 females and 27 males; median age, 37 years) were enrolled. None were under any pharmacological treatment. Exclusion criteria were any infectious/inflammatory/autoimmune comorbidity, kidney failure, diabetes, and cancer. In each subject, serum thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine, antithyroid antibodies, and circulating oxidative stress markers were measured. A questionnaire on dietary habits, evaluating the intake frequencies of food groups and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, was submitted to each participant. Results: Among the 200 recruited subjects, 81 (71 females and 10 males) were diagnosed with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT); the remaining 119 (102 females and 17 males) served as controls. In questionnaires, HT subjects reported higher intake frequencies of animal foods (meat, p = 0.0001; fish, p = 0.0001; dairy products, p = 0.004) compared with controls, who reported higher intake frequencies of plant foods (legumes, p = 0.001; fruits and vegetables, p = 0.030; nuts, p = 0.0005). The number of subjects who preferentially consumed poultry instead of red/processed meat was lower in HT subjects than in controls (p = 0.0141). In logistic regression analysis, meat consumption was associated with increased odds ratio of developing thyroid autoimmunity, while the Mediterranean diet traits were protective. In HT subjects, serum advanced glycation end products (markers of oxidative stress) were significantly higher (p = 0.0001) than in controls, while the activity of glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase, as well as total plasma antioxidant activity, were lower (p = 0.020, p = 0.023, and p = 0.002, respectively), indicating a condition of oxidative stress. Stepwise regression models demonstrated a significant dependence of oxidative stress parameters on consumption of animal foods, mainly meat. Conclusions: The present study suggests a protective effect of low intake of animal foods toward thyroid autoimmunity and a positive influence of such nutritional patterns on redox balance and potentially on oxidative stress-related disorders.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Saludable , Dieta Mediterránea , Conducta Alimentaria , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/sangre , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/prevención & control , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estado Nutricional , Valor Nutritivo , Oxidación-Reducción , Factores Protectores , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Thyroid diseases belong to the most common disorders of the ductless glands. Particular attention is paid to the growing morbidity of autoimmune affliction of the thyroid gland, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis. The main method of treatment is an oral substitution of thyroid hormones. However, the literature pays particular attention to supporting therapy with a diet rich in components essential for the proper functioning of this organ.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Hashimoto/tratamiento farmacológico , Oligoelementos/administración & dosificación , Adulto , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/prevención & control , Humanos , Tirotropina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Published data indicate the involvement of eosinophil granulocytes and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in tumor defense. The aim of this study was to analyze serum ECP concentrations in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) before, 3 days and 7 days after radioactive iodine (131-I) therapy. Association of ECP concentrations with histological type of tumor, stage of disease and/or levels of selected T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokines was examined. The study population included 17 DTC patients and 10 control subjects. ECP was measured by fluoroimmunoassay (FIA). Th2 (cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4), interleukin 5 (IL-5), and interleukin 13 (IL-13)) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). We found that ECP values in DTC patients before radioactive iodine therapy were approximately two-fold higher than in the controls, but the difference was statistically significant only if the patients with DTC and associated Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) were included. There was no correlation between the serum concentrations of IL-5 and ECP. Radioactive iodine therapy led to a decrease in serum ECP level which did not follow the decline in serum protein levels. Additional studies are needed to determine the significance of these findings.
Asunto(s)
Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de la radiación , Proteína Catiónica del Eosinófilo/sangre , Radioisótopos de Yodo/uso terapéutico , Radiofármacos/uso terapéutico , Células Th2/efectos de la radiación , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/sangre , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/terapia , Adulto , Anciano , Carcinoma Papilar/sangre , Carcinoma Papilar/patología , Carcinoma Papilar/fisiopatología , Carcinoma Papilar/terapia , Carcinoma Papilar Folicular/sangre , Carcinoma Papilar Folicular/patología , Carcinoma Papilar Folicular/fisiopatología , Carcinoma Papilar Folicular/terapia , Diferenciación Celular , Terapia Combinada , Citocinas/sangre , Citocinas/metabolismo , Proteína Catiónica del Eosinófilo/metabolismo , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/etiología , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/inmunología , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/prevención & control , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Células Th2/inmunología , Células Th2/metabolismo , Cáncer Papilar Tiroideo , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/fisiopatología , Tiroidectomía , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Th-17 type immune response that occurs in multiple sclerosis (MS) is linked to CCR6-CCL20 interaction. We confirmed the dependency on CCR6 in EAE development. Vaccination of mice with hCCL20, but not mCCL20, produced anti-murine CCL20 and ameliorated EAE. The EAE clinical score negatively correlated with anti CCL20 levels. A beneficial effect was transferred by sera from hCCL20-immunized mice. Immunized mice with cyclic peptide that include a bacterial outer membrane protein A (ompA), that share homology sequence with hCCL20 produced anti CCL20, anti ompA and anti-cyclic peptide. Immunization of mice with ompA or the cyclic peptide ameliorated EAE. The cyclic peptide inhibited CCL20 activity in an adhesion assay. A significantly higher level of anti CCL20 were found in healthy individuals compared to RR-MS patients. There was no similar difference for anti-CXCL10. Natural or induced immunization against CCL20 confer protection against EAE and may be beneficial in MS.
Asunto(s)
Quimiocina CCL20/inmunología , Encefalitis/prevención & control , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/prevención & control , Esclerosis Múltiple/prevención & control , Animales , Adhesión Celular , Quimiocina CCL20/administración & dosificación , Biología Computacional , Femenino , Inmunización , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Noqueados , Receptores CCR6/genética , Receptores CCR6/metabolismo , Linfocitos TRESUMEN
Página do Departamento de Tireoide da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia contendo informações para a área científica e para o público sobre a glândula tireoide.
Asunto(s)
Glándula Tiroides , Hipotiroidismo/prevención & control , Hipertiroidismo/prevención & control , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/prevención & controlRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid antibodies and hematological parameters in euthyroid or subclinical hypothyroidic (S H) pregnant women with autoimmune hypothyroidism and to verity whether these pregnant women are affected by a higher rate of postpartum hemorrhage. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty-six out hyroid and 21 S H pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease and 52 healthy pregnant women were evaluated. The relationship between thyroid hormones, thyroid antibodies level, the dosage of Levotroxin (LT4) and hematological parameters and the amount of postpartum bleeding was investigated. RESULTS: The mean platelet volume (MPV), was significantly higher in the SH group than in the euthyroid group and in the euthyroid group than healthy group (p<0.001). Hemoglobin (Hb) was significantly lower in both the SH group and the euthyroid group than control group (p<0.001). Other hematological parameters and the amount of postpartum bleeding did not differ between the groups. The correlation between Hb and fT3, FT4 was significant and positive, whereas between Hb and T SH was significant and negative (r=0.3 p<0.01, r=0.2 p=0.01, and r = -0.18 p=0.04, respectively). There was a significant and negative correlation between the PLT count and FT4, PT and FT3 (r = -0.2 p=0.01, r = -0.3 p<0.01, and r = -0.3 p<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION: It has been described that being thyroid antibody-positive (TAb+) may be a risk factor for anemia and high MPV. However euthyroid and SH pregnant women with thyroid antibodies do not differ in terms of other coagulation parameters and postpartum hemorrhage from healthy controls.
Asunto(s)
Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/sangre , Inmunoglobulinas Estimulantes de la Tiroides/sangre , Hemorragia Posparto/sangre , Tiroiditis Autoinmune/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/prevención & control , Humanos , Activación Plaquetaria , Hemorragia Posparto/prevención & control , Preeclampsia/sangre , Embarazo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Pruebas de Función de la Tiroides , Tiroiditis Autoinmune/prevención & controlRESUMEN
In this case report we describe a 49 year-old man who presented with chronic urticaria, angioedema and soft stool consistency. During diagnostic examinations Hashimoto's thyroiditis was found even though the patient never had clear symptoms of this disease. Blastocystis hominis was isolated through a stool microbiologic examination, implicating that this parasite can cause the development of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and chronic urticaria. After two-weeks treatment with metronidazole the Blastocystis hominis was eradicated, then urticaria and angioedema disappeared. During the four years of follow-up, the patient presented without any symptoms, whereas thyroid hormones were normalized and anti-thyroid antibodies declined. For the first time in the literature we show that eradication of Blastocystis hominis can prevent the development of both symptomatic Hashimoto's thyroiditis and chronic urticaria.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Blastocystis/complicaciones , Infecciones por Blastocystis/tratamiento farmacológico , Blastocystis hominis/aislamiento & purificación , Heces/parasitología , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/prevención & control , Antiprotozoarios/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Blastocystis/parasitología , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Urticaria/prevención & controlRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The precise pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) remains unknown. However, an important association between CSU and autoimmune disorders such as Hashimoto's disease (HD) has been reported. We investigated the frequency of HD as a comorbidity of CSU and the prevalence rate of autoreactivity among CSU patients with HD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The presence of thyroid autoantibodies and the levels of thyroid hormones were examined in 40 CSU patients who showed urticaria symptoms for >4 weeks. Patients who were diagnosed with HD, including subclinical ones, and were in need of treatment received thyroid therapy, and the changes in their urticarial symptoms were observed. An autologous serum skin test (ASST) was also performed to examine the relation of CSU with autoreactivity. RESULTS: Eleven of the 40 CSU patients were diagnosed with HD, and 4 of the 5 patients who received and completed thyroid therapy showed considerable remission of urticarial symptoms during and after treatment. In addition, the rate of positive ASST results tended to be higher in CSU patients with HD (5 of 7) than in those without HD (2 of 6). CONCLUSIONS: The comorbidity rate of HD in CSU patients was high, and such patients tended to have a positive ASST. Thyroid therapy in CSU patients with HD can lead to a considerable remission of urticarial symptoms, which may suggest that HD is possibly involved in the aetiology of CSU, or is at least a potential exacerbating factor for CSU
No disponible
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/inmunología , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/prevención & control , Urticaria/complicaciones , Urticaria/diagnóstico , Urticaria/inmunología , Tiroxina , Tiroxina/inmunología , Comorbilidad , Autoinmunidad , Autoinmunidad/inmunología , Pruebas Cutáneas/métodos , Pruebas Cutáneas , Receptores de Tirotropina/inmunología , Tirotropina , Tirotropina/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Current smoking in population surveys is associated with a slight dose-dependent fall of serum TSH, likely secondary to a rise of serum FT4 and FT3 induced by activation of the sympathetic nervous system; it is independent of iodine intake. In contrast, the slightly greater thyroid size in smokers is observed in iodine-deficient but not in iodine-sufficient areas and caused by competitive inhibition of thyroidal iodide uptake by thiocyanate. Smokers have an increased prevalence of nontoxic goitre and thyroid multinodularity, at least in iodine-deficient areas. Current smoking reduces dose dependently the risk of thyroid cancer, which is more pronounced for papillary than for follicular types; the risk in former smokers approaches that of never smokers. The lower TSH and lower body mass index in smokers might contribute to this reduced risk. Current smoking lowers the risk of developing thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies and subclinical and overt autoimmune hypothyroidism; the effect is dose dependent, but disappears within 3 years after quitting smoking. There is evidence from an animal model of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis that anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine are involved. In contrast, smoking is a dose-dependent risk factor for Graves' hyperthyroidism and especially for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Smoking is related to a higher recurrence rate of Graves' hyperthyroidism, a higher risk on Graves' ophthalmopathy after 131I therapy and a less favourable outcome of GO treatment with steroids or retrobulbar irradiation. The observed associations with smoking likely indicate causal relationships in view of consistent associations across studies, the presence of dose-response effects and disappearance of associations after cessation of smoking.
Asunto(s)
Fumar/efectos adversos , Enfermedades de la Tiroides/etiología , Glándula Tiroides/fisiología , Adulto , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Bocio/etiología , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/prevención & control , Humanos , Hipotiroidismo/prevención & control , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Glándula Tiroides/anatomía & histología , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/etiología , Tiroiditis Autoinmune , Tirotropina/sangreRESUMEN
Although autoimmune hypothyroidism has generally been considered to be a disease that mainly develops because of genetic aberrations and for which adjustment of environment would bring about but slight risk modification, this understanding is increasingly appearing to be incorrect. We describe how iodine intake, smoking cessation and alcohol intake are all strong modifiers of risk that, combined, may influence risk by a factor of up to 30. Unfortunately, promotion of an environment leading to substantial lowering of the risk of autoimmune hypothyroidism (i.e. improvement of dietary iodine deficiency, decrease or cessation of smoking, and moderate alcohol intake) is not incorporated within current public health promoting programs. Nevertheless, it is increasingly becoming evident that knowledge of the importance of these factors for disease development is likely to assist in the planning of health promotion programs, while it will surely also be of value in the care of individual patients.
Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/prevención & control , Autoinmunidad , Dieta , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/prevención & control , Yodo/administración & dosificación , Cese del Hábito de Fumar , Prevención del Hábito de Fumar , Templanza , Glándula Tiroides/inmunología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/efectos adversos , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/inmunología , Humanos , Yodo/deficiencia , Factores de Riesgo , Conducta de Reducción del Riesgo , Fumar/efectos adversos , Fumar/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Because green tea polyphenols (GTPs) possess anti-inflammatory properties and are effective in inhibiting autoimmune diseases in experimental settings, we examined whether GTPs prevented the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in iodide-treated nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, an animal model of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Mice were given 0.05% iodide water or iodide water supplemented with 0.2% GTPs for 8 weeks. GTPs administration led to an enhanced production of interleukin-10 by concanavalin A-stimulated splenocytes but did not interfere with thyroiditis development. Serum thyroxine levels were not influenced by GTPs. Our data suggest that administration of GTPs may not be an effective strategy for the prevention of HT.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/prevención & control , Polifenoles/administración & dosificación , Té/química , Animales , Femenino , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/inducido químicamente , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/inmunología , Humanos , Yoduros/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos NOD , Tiroiditis Autoinmune/inducido químicamente , Tiroiditis Autoinmune/inmunología , Tiroiditis Autoinmune/prevención & controlRESUMEN
New studies have shown that smoking may protect against the development of thyroid peroxidase antibodies, which may result in a decreased risk of Hashimoto's hypothyroidism (HH), whereas it stimulates the development of Graves' hyperthyroidism (GH). According to the above-mentioned hypothesis, to stop smoking would decrease the risk of GH but increase the risk of HH. Also, smoking has been identified as one of the risk factors for the development or worsening of eye changes after 131I treatment of GH. Additionally, the outcome of medical treatment of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) is less favourable in smokers as compared to non-smokers. There is concern also about the effect of passive smoking on autoimmune thyroid disease. In a recent study it has been shown that the latter may have a deleterious effect on childhood GO.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedad de Graves/etiología , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/etiología , Fumar , Enfermedad de Hashimoto/prevención & control , Humanos , Yoduro Peroxidasa/inmunología , Fumar/efectos adversos , Cese del Hábito de Fumar , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/efectos adversosRESUMEN
AIM: To assess whether the state of maternal thyroid function and the pattern of thyroid alterations during gestation would affect the infants' thyroid function and to evaluate the risk factors affecting early infants' thyroid function by means of multiple logistic regression. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 78 neonates born to mothers with Graves disease or Hashimoto thyroiditis were examined and followed clinically and biochemically. Neonates born to healthy mothers during the same period were set as controls. Tests of thyroid function, antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), antithyroglobulin antibody (TGAb), anti-TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) and antithyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) were performed both in early infants and their mothers. All possible maternal and/or infantile risk factors for thyroid dysfunction during early infancy were analysed by means of multiple-factor logistical regression. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of underlying subtle thyroid abnormalities in these 78 infants was 52.6%, which was significantly higher than that witnessed among infants from healthy mothers (5.4 per thousand, p<0.01). By using multiple logistic regression analysis, the state of maternal thyroid function in gestation, the type of autoimmune thyroid disease during pregnancy and the level of TRAb in the newborn were significantly correlated with the early infants' thyroid dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Maternal autoimmune thyroid disease during pregnancy will affect infant thyroid function. Therefore, appropriate management of maternal autoimmune thyroid disease throughout pregnancy is essential in the prevention of undesirable neonatal outcomes.