RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: A mother's diet during pregnancy may influence her infant's immune development. However, as potential interactions between components of our dietary intakes can make any nutritional analysis complex, here we took a multi-component dietary analysis approach. METHODS: Nutritional intake data was collected from 639 pregnant women using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire to reflect their dietary intakes during 32-36 weeks of gestation. To investigate their dietary intake pattern, we calculated Dietary Inflammatory Index scores. Maternal consumption of 12 food groups, 20 individual whole foods, and 18 specific nutrient intakes, along with any vitamin and mineral supplementation, were determined. Infant outcomes included eczema, allergen sensitization, and IgE-mediated food allergy. Regression-based analyses with covariates adjustment were applied. RESULTS: Women with higher white bread consumption were more likely to have an infant with doctor-diagnosed eczema (adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.16; 95% CI 1.08, 1.24; p < .001) and IgE-mediated food allergy (aRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.02, 1.28; p = .02). Higher maternal intakes of fiber-rich bread (aRR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04, 1.25; p = .01) and legumes (aRR 1.11; 95% CI 1.02, 1.21; p = .02) were also associated with infant doctor-diagnosed eczema. Higher maternal thiamine intakes were associated with increased parent-reported infant eczema (aRR 1.08; 95% CI 1.03, 1.12; p < .001). CONCLUSION: In Australia, where bread flour is fortified with thiamine, we identified consistent links between higher maternal thiamine-rich diets and increased risk of infant eczema and food allergy. Our results highlight a need for further investigation of potential effects of high thiamine exposures on immune development, especially in-utero.

Asunto(s)

Pan , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos , Tiamina , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Lactante , Tiamina/administración & dosificación , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/epidemiología , Adulto , Dieta , Eccema/epidemiología , Eccema/etiología , Masculino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Recién Nacido

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of literature concerning dermatological conditions affecting patients of Pacific ethnicity. AIM: To investigate dermatological conditions in patients of Pacific ethnicity referred to dermatology from 2016 to 2022. METHODS: Single-centre study of electronic referrals to dermatology from January 2016 to May 2022. RESULTS: Pacific ethnicity was recorded for 1.7% of 30,769 referrals to dermatology, under-representing census data for the local population (5.4%). Dermatological diagnoses were eczema in 36% of patients, benign skin lesions in 11% and skin infection in 8.3%. CONCLUSION: Eczema was the most common reason for referral to dermatology in patients of Pacific ethnicity in the Waikato Region.

Asunto(s)

Eccema , Nativos de Hawái y Otras Islas del Pacífico , Derivación y Consulta , Humanos , Nueva Zelanda/epidemiología , Eccema/epidemiología , Derivación y Consulta/estadística & datos numéricos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Nativos de Hawái y Otras Islas del Pacífico/estadística & datos numéricos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adolescente , Niño , Adulto Joven , Anciano , Preescolar , Lactante , Dermatología/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades de la Piel/epidemiología , Enfermedades de la Piel/etnología

RESUMEN

Evidence on the link of long-term exposure to ozone (O3) with childhood asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis and eczema is inconclusive. We did a population-based cross-sectional survey, including 177,888 children from 173 primary and middle schools in 14 Chinese cities. A satellite-based spatiotemporal model was employed to assess four-year average O3 exposure at both residential and school locations. Information on asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema and conjunctivitis was collected by a standard questionnaire developed by the American Thoracic Society. We used generalized non-linear and linear mixed models to test the associations. We observed linear exposure-response associations between O3 and all outcomes. The odds ratios of doctor-diagnosed asthma, rhinitis, eczema, and conjunctivitis associated with per interquartile increment in home-school O3 concentration were 1.31 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.28, 1.34), 1.25 (95 %CI: 1.23, 1.28), 1.19 (95 %CI: 1.16, 1.21), and 1.28 (95 %CI: 1.21, 1.34), respectively. Similar associations were observed for asthma-related outcomes including current asthma, wheeze, current wheeze, persistent phlegm, and persistent cough. Moreover, stronger associations were observed among children who were aged > 12 years, physically inactive, and exposed to higher temperature. In conclusion, long-term O3 exposure was associated with higher risks of asthma, allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis and eczema in children.

Asunto(s)

Contaminantes Atmosféricos , Asma , Ciudades , Conjuntivitis , Eccema , Ozono , Rinitis , Humanos , Ozono/análisis , Ozono/toxicidad , Niño , China/epidemiología , Asma/epidemiología , Asma/inducido químicamente , Eccema/epidemiología , Eccema/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Femenino , Rinitis/epidemiología , Rinitis/inducido químicamente , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/toxicidad , Contaminantes Atmosféricos/análisis , Conjuntivitis/inducido químicamente , Conjuntivitis/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales/efectos adversos , Adolescente

RESUMEN

Objective: To determine the causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis based on the summary data of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which involved 293 723 participants (educational attainment) from the Social Science Genetics Association Consortium and 462 013 participants [allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema] from the UK Biobank. Genetic variants that were closely related to educational attainment were identified as instrumental variables. Two-sample MR analyses, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger regression, weighted median method and weighted model-based estimation, were performed to investigate the causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema, in which the odds ratio (OR) values were used as indicators. Results: A total of 70 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were chosen as instrumental variables. The MR-Egger regression results suggested that the genetic pleiotropy was unlikely to bias our results (P=0.107). In the univariable MR analyses, IVW regression showed that the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema was OR=1.044 (95%CI: 1.020-1.069, P<0.001) and OR=1.170 (95%CI: 1.074-1.256, P<0.001), respectively, for the increase in the duration of education by one year or one standard deviation (SD) (3.71 years). In the reverse MR analysis, IVW regression showed little evidence that allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema affected educational attainment (OR=1.020, 95%CI: 0.927-1.023, P=0.683). The results of the weighted median method and weighted mode-based estimation were consistent with the results of IVW. Conclusion: This study suggests that there is a positive causal relationship between educational attainment and the risk of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema, which means that educational attainment can increase the occurrence of allergic rhinitis and (or) eczema.

Asunto(s)

Eccema , Escolaridad , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Rinitis Alérgica , Humanos , Rinitis Alérgica/genética , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Eccema/genética , Eccema/epidemiología , Factores de Riesgo , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad

RESUMEN

Background: There is controversy on whether allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is associated with atopy. Research on eczema and the risk of ACD is mixed, and there is sparse literature on other atopic conditions. Objective: Our study examined the prevalence of several atopic conditions, including allergic rhinitis, eczema, asthma, and food allergies in patients with ACD, and compared these to patients without ACD. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed adult patients ages ≥ 18 years with ACD (n = 162) with positive patch testing results and documented any history of atopy, including childhood eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and immunoglobulin E-mediated food allergy. The prevalence of atopic conditions was compared between our ACD cohort and controls without ACD (n = 163) from our electronic medical records system (age and gender matched). Results: Among our patients with ACD, 53 (33%) had allergic rhinitis, 22 (14%) had childhood eczema, 32 (20%) had asthma, and 8 (5%) had food allergies. We observed that the odds of atopy overall (n = 76) in the ACD group compared with the control group were increased (odds ratio [OR] 1.88; p = 0.007). Allergic rhinitis was the highest risk factor (n = 53) with an OR of 12.64 (p < 0.001). Childhood eczema (n = 22) was also increased in the ACD group (OR 2.4; p = 0.026). The odds of asthma and food allergy in the ACD group were also increased; however, the difference was not statistically significant from the control group (OR 1.76 [p = 0.071] and OR 2.76 [p = 0.139], respectively). Conclusion: Patients with ACD had increased odds of eczema, allergic rhinitis, and atopic conditions overall. Asthma and food allergies were not found to have a statistically significant correlation. Larger studies that delve into atopic risk factors in ACD would be important to confirm these findings.

Asunto(s)

Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/epidemiología , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/diagnóstico , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/epidemiología , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/complicaciones , Adulto Joven , Factores de Riesgo , Asma/epidemiología , Asma/diagnóstico , Eccema/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Anciano , Oportunidad Relativa , Hipersensibilidad Inmediata/epidemiología , Adolescente , Pruebas del Parche

RESUMEN

Observational studies have reported a relationship between multiple common dermatoses and mental illness. To assess the potential bidirectional causality between 3 skin disorders (psoriasis, eczema, and urticaria) and 4 psychiatric disorders (bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and anxiety) in the European population, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, which provides definitive evidence for causal inference. Eligible single nucleotide polymorphisms were screened for dermatological and psychiatric disorders using a genome-wide association study database. We conducted bidirectional, 2-sample MR analysis using instrumental variables related to psoriasis, eczema, and urticaria as exposure factors, and bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depression, and anxiety as outcomes. Reverse MR analysis with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depression, and anxiety as exposure and psoriasis, eczema, and urticaria as outcomes were also performed, and the causality was analyzed using inverse-variance weighting (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. To thoroughly assess causality, sensitivity analyses were conducted using the IVW, MR-PRESSO, and MR-Egger methods. The results showed that bipolar disorder increased the incidence of psoriasis (odds ratio = 1.271, 95% confidence interval = 1.003-1.612, P = .047), heterogeneity test with Cochran Q test in the IVW showed P value > .05, (P = .302), the MR-Pleiotropy and MR-PRESSO (outlier methods) in the multiplicity test showed P value > .05, (P = .694; P = .441), and MR-Pleiotropy evidence showed no apparent intercept (intercept = -0.060; SE = 0.139; P = .694). Major depression increased the risk of eczema (odds ratio = 1.002, 95% confidence interval = 1.000-1.004, P = .024), heterogeneity test showed P value > .05, (P = .328), multiplicity detection showed P value > .05, (P = .572; P = .340), and MR-Pleiotropy evidence showed no apparent intercept (intercept = -0.099; SE = 0.162; P = .572). Sensitivity analyses of the above results were reliable, and no heterogeneity or multiplicity was found. This study demonstrated a statistically significant causality between bipolar disorder and psoriasis, major depression, and eczema in a European population, which could provide important information for physicians in the clinical management of common skin conditions.

Asunto(s)

Eccema , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Psoriasis , Humanos , Psoriasis/genética , Psoriasis/epidemiología , Eccema/epidemiología , Eccema/genética , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Urticaria/genética , Urticaria/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Trastornos Mentales/genética , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Trastorno Bipolar/genética , Trastorno Bipolar/epidemiología , Femenino , Esquizofrenia/genética , Esquizofrenia/epidemiología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/epidemiología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/genética , Causalidad , Masculino

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Most studies investigating the prevalence of hand eczema (HE) in professional cleaners use self-reported questionnaire-based data. However, no validation studies of self-reporting of HE among professional cleaners have previously been conducted. OBJECTIVES: To investigate (1) the point prevalence of self-reported HE, (2) the point prevalence of HE estimated by physical examination of the hands and (3) the sensitivity and specificity of self-reporting of HE compared with the diagnosis based on physical examination among professional cleaners. METHODS: Professional cleaners at three different hospitals in Region Zealand were invited to fill out a questionnaire. The point prevalence of self-reported HE was estimated based on questions from the Nordic Occupational Skin Questionnaire. After completing the questionnaire, each cleaner underwent a physical examination of the hands by a dermatologist on the same day. RESULTS: In total, 234 cleaners were invited to participate in the study, and 224 (response rate = 96.0%) agreed to take part. Based on the self-reported questionnaires, 5.3% (n = 12) of the cleaners had current HE. Based on an examination by a physician, 19.2% (n = 43) of the cleaners had current HE. The sensitivity of self-reported HE was found to be 28.0%, while the specificity was found to be 100.0%. The positive predictive value was found to be 100.0%, while the negative predictive value was 85.0%. CONCLUSION: The true point prevalence of HE among professional cleaners is underestimated when based on self-reporting.

Asunto(s)

Dermatitis Profesional , Eccema , Dermatosis de la Mano , Autoinforme , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Humanos , Dermatosis de la Mano/epidemiología , Dermatosis de la Mano/diagnóstico , Dermatitis Profesional/epidemiología , Dermatitis Profesional/diagnóstico , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Prevalencia , Eccema/epidemiología , Eccema/diagnóstico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Examen Físico , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/diagnóstico , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/epidemiología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of data regarding the early introduction of the consumption of allergenic food among Asian infants. METHODS: We examined infants who had early-onset eczema before 6 months of age and received instructions from certified allergists for the early introduction of hen's eggs, milk, wheat, peanuts, and tree nuts. RESULTS: The consumption rates of hen's eggs were 100% at 24 months. For peanuts and walnuts, the consumption rate was moderate at 12 months (48.5% and 30.3%, respectively), but by 24 months, it had progressed to 78.8% and 81.3%, respectively. In contrast, cashews remained at lower levels than other allergens at 20.7% at 12 months and 41.4% at 24 months. No adverse events related to early introductions occurred. CONCLUSIONS: In infants with eczema, allergenic foods could be introduced early and well tolerated in Asian infants. However, having eczema may indicate a predisposition to food allergies, so caution is necessary when introducing allergenic foods. The early introduction of peanuts and tree nuts was still more challenging in real-world practice in Asia as well as in Western countries.

Asunto(s)

Alérgenos , Eccema , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Alérgenos/inmunología , Arachis/inmunología , Pueblo Asiatico , Eccema/epidemiología , Huevos/efectos adversos , Estudios de Factibilidad , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/inmunología , Nueces/inmunología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Early-life vitamin D is a potentially modifiable risk factor for the development of eczema, but there is a lack of data on longitudinal associations. METHOD: We measured 25(OH)D3 levels from neonatal dried blood spots in 223 high-allergy-risk children. Latent class analysis was used to define longitudinal eczema phenotype up to 25 years (4 subclasses). Skin prick tests (SPTs) to 6 allergens and eczema outcomes at 6 time points were used to define eczema/sensitization phenotypes. Associations between 25(OH)D3 and prevalent eczema and eczema phenotypes were assessed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: Median 25(OH)D3 level was 32.5 nmol/L (P25-P75 = 23.1 nmol/L). Each 10 nmol/L increase in neonatal 25(OH)D3 was associated with a 26% reduced odds of early-onset persistent eczema (adjusted multinomial odds ratio (aMOR) = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.56-0.98) and 30% increased odds of early-onset-resolving eczema (aMOR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.05-1.62) when compared to minimal/no eczema up to 12 years. Similar associations were seen for eczema phenotype up to 25 years. We did not see any strong evidence for the association between neonatal 25(OH)D3 and prevalent eczema or eczema/sensitization phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Higher neonatal 25(OH)D3 levels, a reflection of maternal vitamin D levels in pregnancy, may reduce the risk of early-onset persistent eczema.

Asunto(s)

Eccema , Vitamina D , Humanos , Eccema/epidemiología , Eccema/sangre , Recién Nacido , Femenino , Masculino , Lactante , Estudios Longitudinales , Preescolar , Vitamina D/sangre , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto Joven , Pruebas Cutáneas , Prevalencia , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/complicaciones , Calcifediol/sangre , Fenotipo

Asunto(s)

Eccema , Dermatosis de la Mano , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Alfabetización en Salud , Humanos , Femenino , Eccema/epidemiología , Masculino , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto , Dermatosis de la Mano/epidemiología , Dermatosis de la Mano/diagnóstico , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven , Factores de Riesgo

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Due to an increasing occupational usage of isothiazolinone (IT)-containing preservatives, and their potential to cause skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis, that is, chronic disease, there is a need for more knowledge on how highly exposed workers are affected. OBJECTIVES: The overall objective was to explore dermatological symptoms of potentially long-lasting or chronic character in Swedish painters. METHODS: Building painters from western and southern Sweden were initially invited to perform a questionnaire on occurrence of skin symptoms. Participants with affirmative responses, and the right inclusion criteria, were further invited to patch testing with four different ITs: benzisothiazolinone (BIT), methylisothiazolinone, methylchloroisothiazolinone and octylisothiazolinone. RESULTS: There was a tendency towards higher occurrence of positive patch test reactions among the painters compared with occupationally unexposed registry patients; however, not statistically significant differences. BIT was the substance most frequently causing positive test results in both groups. The occurrence of adult-onset eczema was higher in painters than in the control group of electricians, and just shy of statistical significance concerning any of several skin locations (face/legs/arms/hands). CONCLUSION: Building painters present with positive patch test reactions to common paint preservatives (ITs), and they report adult-onset eczema more often than do less occupationally exposed groups.

Asunto(s)

Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto , Dermatitis Profesional , Eccema , Exposición Profesional , Pintura , Pruebas del Parche , Conservadores Farmacéuticos , Tiazoles , Humanos , Tiazoles/efectos adversos , Suecia/epidemiología , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/etiología , Dermatitis Alérgica por Contacto/diagnóstico , Dermatitis Profesional/etiología , Dermatitis Profesional/diagnóstico , Dermatitis Profesional/epidemiología , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Conservadores Farmacéuticos/efectos adversos , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Eccema/inducido químicamente , Eccema/epidemiología , Femenino , Pintura/efectos adversos , Autoinforme , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: There are limited longitudinal data on the population prevalence of allergic conditions during childhood, and few studies have incorporated the reference standard oral food challenge to confirm food allergy. OBJECTIVE: To describe the population prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy, eczema, asthma, and rhinitis at ages 6 and 10 years in Melbourne, Australia. METHODS: The HealthNuts study recruited 5,276 1-year-old infants in Melbourne, Australia, with repeat assessments at ages 6 and 10 years. At ages 6 and 10 years, carers completed a questionnaire on symptoms and doctor diagnosis of allergic conditions (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children). Children were invited to attend a clinic assessment including skin prick test, lung function tests, and oral food challenges when indicated. To minimize the impact of attrition bias, prevalence estimates among participants at ages 6 and 10 years were weighted to reflect characteristics of the whole cohort at recruitment. RESULTS: In total, 4,455 and 4,065 families participated at ages 6 and 10 years, respectively (84% and 77% of the original cohort). Of those, 73% and 55% of participants ages 6 and 10 years, respectively, completed clinical assessments. Overall, 36.5% (95% CI, 34.8-38.2) and 38.2% (95% CI, 36.5-40.1%) of 6- and 10-year-olds had at least one current allergic disease, and around one third of those had two or more allergic diseases. Food allergy occurred in 6.4% (95% CI, 5.6-7.2) of 6-year olds and 6.3% (95% CI, 5.5-7.2) of 10-year-olds. Among infants with challenge-confirmed food allergy in infancy, 45% had persistent disease at age 10 years. The prevalence of current diagnosed asthma at ages 6 and 10 years were 12.1% (95% CI, 10.9-13.3) and 13.1% (95% CI, 11.9-14.4), respectively, current eczema decreased slightly from 15.3% (95% CI, 14.1-19.7) at age 6 years to 12.9% (95% CI, 11.7-14.2) at age 10 years, and current rhinitis increased from 15.1% (95% CI, 13.9-16.5) at age 6 years to 25.0% (95% CI, 23.4-26.7) at age 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: Allergic diseases affect 40% of primary school-age children; one third have multiple allergic diagnoses. Challenge-confirmed food allergy prevalence remains high, and 45% of infants with food allergy have persistent disease to age 10 years.

Asunto(s)

Eccema , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos , Inmunoglobulina E , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Longitudinales , Australia/epidemiología , Inmunoglobulina E/sangre , Lactante , Eccema/epidemiología , Asma/epidemiología , Pruebas Cutáneas , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between maternal exposure to anxiety during pregnancy and the susceptibility of offspring to eczema and allergic rhinitis and the possibility of sensitivity periods and cumulative effects. METHODS: The study's sample consisted of 3160 mother-child pairs from the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study. Maternal anxiety was repeatedly measured in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy using the Chinese version of the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale. Information regarding children's eczema and allergic rhinitis diagnoses was collected through parental reports at 12, 24, 36 and 48 months of age. Binary logistic regression models were used for statistical analysis and corrected for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate (FDR) method. RESULTS: Children whose mothers experienced anxiety throughout pregnancy had the highest odds of developing total eczema (aOR 1.45, 95% CI 1.02-2.07) and total allergic rhinitis (aOR 1.67, 95% CI 1.17-2.37) between the ages of 6 and 48 months. The higher the trajectory of the maternal anxiety scores throughout pregnancy, the higher the odds of total eczema (aOR 1.65, 95% CI 1.14-2.40) and allergic rhinitis (aOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.28-2.66) in their offspring. The association between maternal anxiety and children's eczema was mainly concentrated in the first 24 months, whereas the association with allergic rhinitis was mainly concentrated in the 36-48 months. CONCLUSION: Maternal anxiety during any trimester of pregnancy, especially with a consistently high trajectory of anxiety scores, was associated with higher odds of children's eczema and allergic rhinitis.

Asunto(s)

Ansiedad , Eccema , Madres , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Rinitis Alérgica , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología , Eccema/epidemiología , Eccema/psicología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/psicología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/epidemiología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Adulto , Masculino , Preescolar , Lactante , Madres/psicología , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Cohorte de Nacimiento , Complicaciones del Embarazo/psicología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , China/epidemiología , Estudios de Cohortes

RESUMEN

The quality of indoor environment is a risk factor for early childhood eczema and atopic dermatitis; however, its influence during pregnancy on childhood eczema in Japan has not been investigated. In this study, we aimed to determine the indoor environmental factors that are associated with eczema in children up to 3 years of age, using national birth cohort data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). Information on indoor environments and eczema symptoms until 3 years of age was collected using self-administered questionnaires to the mothers. A total of 71,883 and 58,639 mother-child pairs at 1.5- and 3-years-old, respectively, were included in the former analyses. To account for prenatal indoor risk factors, 17,568 (1.5-years-old) and 7063 (3-years-old) children without indoor mold and/or ETS exposure were included in the final analysis. A higher mold index, gas heater use, parquet flooring use, and frequent insecticide use showed significantly increased risks for childhood eczema up to 3 years of age. These associations were consistent after stratification analysis among children whose parents did not have a history of allergies. The updated WHO guidelines on indoor air quality should be implemented based on recent findings regarding the effects of prenatal exposure to indoor dampness on health effects of children further in life, including asthma, respiratory effects, eczema, and other immunological effects.

Asunto(s)

Contaminación del Aire Interior , Eccema , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Humanos , Japón/epidemiología , Femenino , Preescolar , Embarazo , Eccema/epidemiología , Eccema/etiología , Factores de Riesgo , Lactante , Contaminación del Aire Interior/efectos adversos , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/epidemiología , Incidencia , Masculino , Adulto , Encuestas y Cuestionarios

RESUMEN

Several dermatologic concerns are known to disproportionally affect transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) adults, but little is known about dermatologic conditions in TGD youth. This study assesses the prevalence of acne, androgenic alopecia, scarring from gender-affirming procedures, and eczema in pediatric TGD patients seen at Boston Children's Hospital between April 2021 and April 2022. The results demonstrate that, for TGD youth, the studied dermatologic concerns are common, referral rates to dermatology are low, and acne is significantly associated with testosterone use. Future studies should examine additional dermatologic concerns and barriers to accessing dermatologic care for this historically underserved population.

Asunto(s)

Acné Vulgar , Personas Transgénero , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Masculino , Adolescente , Personas Transgénero/estadística & datos numéricos , Acné Vulgar/epidemiología , Niño , Alopecia/epidemiología , Eccema/epidemiología , Prevalencia , Cicatriz , Enfermedades de la Piel/epidemiología , Procedimientos de Reasignación de Sexo

RESUMEN

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Over the past two decades, food allergy prevention strategies have shifted from 'delayed introduction' to 'no delayed introduction' to 'early introduction' of allergenic foods. This article reviews important research in this field published in the early 2020s to support future strategies for food allergy prevention. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs), systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and real-world studies have reported that early allergenic food introduction, especially peanut and egg, are effective for preventing food allergies. However, there are also reports that food-induced anaphylaxis admission rates in infants are increasing. SUMMARY: Early allergenic food introduction by itself is not sufficient to prevent the development of food allergies. Recent RCTs (SPADE study and COMEET study) have demonstrated that continued regular cow's milk consumption after early introduction is important for preventing the onset of cow's milk allergy. Furthermore, an RCT (PACI study) reported that early and aggressive anti-inflammatory topical therapy for eczema can contribute to the prevention of egg allergy by suppressing percutaneous sensitization. Food allergies may be prevented through a combination of early food introduction, regular consumption, and active eczema treatment. Further research is needed to develop well tolerated, effective, and practical strategies to prevent food allergies.

Asunto(s)

Alérgenos , Eccema , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos , Humanos , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/prevención & control , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad a los Alimentos/terapia , Alérgenos/inmunología , Alérgenos/administración & dosificación , Eccema/prevención & control , Eccema/inmunología , Eccema/epidemiología , Niño , Animales , Lactante , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Hipersensibilidad al Huevo/inmunología , Hipersensibilidad al Huevo/terapia , Preescolar

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, increased hand hygiene practices were implemented. Impaired skin health on the hands among healthcare workers has been reported previously. Knowledge of how worker in other occupations have been affected is scarce. OBJECTIVES: To investigate self-reported hand water-, and soap exposure and use of hand disinfectants, and hand eczema (HE) in frontline workers outside the hospital setting and in IT personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was sent out between 1 March and 30 April in 2021, to 6060 randomly selected individuals representing six occupational groups. RESULTS: A significant increase in water exposure and hand disinfectant use was shown: Relative position (RP) 19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17-0.21 and RP = 0.38: 95% CI 0.36-0.41, respectively. Newly debuted HE was reported by 7.4% of the population, more frequently among frontline workers (8.6%) compared to IT personnel (4.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Water and soap exposure and use of hand disinfectants increased during COVID-19 pandemic, which may increase the risk of hand eczema. This highlights the importance of communication and implementation of preventive measures to protect the skin barrier also in occupations other than healthcare workers.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Dermatitis Profesional , Eccema , Dermatosis de la Mano , Desinfección de las Manos , Autoinforme , Jabones , Humanos , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Jabones/efectos adversos , Masculino , Dermatosis de la Mano/epidemiología , Dermatosis de la Mano/etiología , Femenino , Adulto , Dermatitis Profesional/epidemiología , Dermatitis Profesional/etiología , Eccema/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Agua , Exposición Profesional/efectos adversos , Personal de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , SARS-CoV-2 , Desinfectantes/efectos adversos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Higiene de las Manos

RESUMEN

The objective of the study was to investigate the association between outdoor and indoor air pollution sources and atopic eczema among preschool children in South Africa. A cross-sectional design, following the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase III protocol, was applied. The study was conducted in Mabopane and Soshanguve Townships in the City of Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality in Gauteng, South Africa. A total population of 1844 preschool children aged 7 years and below participated in the study; 1840 were included in the final data analysis. Data were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of eczema ever (EE) and current eczema symptoms (ESs) was 11.9% and 13.3%, respectively. The use of open fires (paraffin, wood, or coal) for cooking and heating increased the likelihood of EE (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 0.76-3.52) and current ESs (OR = 1.94; 95% CI: 1.00-3.74). Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure at home increased the likelihood of EE (OR = 1.66; 95% CI: 1.08-2.55) and current ESs (OR = 1.61; 95% CI: 1.07-2.43). Mothers or female guardians smoking cigarettes increased the likelihood of EE (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 0.86-2.62) and current ESs (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.71-2.13). The use of combined building materials in homes increased the likelihood of EE, and corrugated iron significantly increased the likelihood of current ESs. The frequency of trucks passing near the preschool children's residences on weekdays was found to be associated with EE and current ESs, with a significant association observed when trucks passed the children's residences almost all day on weekdays. Atopic eczema was positively associated with exposure to outdoor and indoor air pollution sources.

Asunto(s)

Contaminación del Aire Interior , Contaminación del Aire , Dermatitis Atópica , Eccema , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Humanos , Preescolar , Femenino , Contaminación del Aire Interior/efectos adversos , Dermatitis Atópica/epidemiología , Dermatitis Atópica/etiología , Sudáfrica/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Eccema/epidemiología , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/efectos adversos , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco/análisis , Contaminación del Aire/análisis

RESUMEN

Timely intervention reduces the risk of a poor prognosis in hand eczema, making early recognition of symptoms important in high-risk professions. However, limited data exist regarding the ability of cleaners and healthcare workers to recognize hand eczema. The aim of this study was to examine cleaners' and healthcare workers' ability to recognize hand eczema in clinical photographs and to assess the severity of the disease. Cleaners and healthcare workers completed a questionnaire consisting of 16 questions and participated in a structured interview referring to a validated photographic severity guide for chronic hand eczema, which comprised clinical photographs of hand eczema at varying levels of severity. Eighty cleaners and 201 healthcare workers (total N = 281) participated in the study. The rates of correctly identified hand eczema in clinical photographs (cleaners/ healthcare workers) were: 41.2%/57.7% (mild hand eczema), 81.2%/92.0% (moderate hand eczema), 85.0%/94.5% (severe hand eczema) and 82.5%/97.0% (very severe hand eczema). The proficiency of healthcare workers in recognizing hand eczema was significantly higher than that of cleaners. The results indicate that a large proportion of cleaners and healthcare workers fail to recognize mild hand eczema in clinical photographs. Healthcare workers had higher success rates in recognizing hand eczema in all severity categories. Symptom underestimation may lead to under-reporting of the true prevalence of hand eczema, with consequent loss of opportunities for prevention.

Asunto(s)

Dermatitis Profesional , Eccema , Dermatosis de la Mano , Humanos , Dermatitis Profesional/diagnóstico , Dermatitis Profesional/epidemiología , Dermatitis Profesional/prevención & control , Eccema/diagnóstico , Eccema/epidemiología , Personal de Salud , Fotograbar , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Dermatosis de la Mano/diagnóstico , Dermatosis de la Mano/epidemiología , Dermatosis de la Mano/prevención & control

RESUMEN

We hypothesize that children characterized by deprived factors have poorer health outcomes. We aim to identify clustering of determinants and estimate risk of early childhood diseases. This 1993-2019 longitudinal cohort study combines three Canadian pediatric cohorts and their families. Mothers and children are clustered using latent class analysis (LCA) by 16 indicators in three domains (maternal and newborn; socioeconomic status [SES] and neighbourhood; environmental exposures). Hazard ratios (HR) of childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and eczema are quantified with Cox proportional hazard (PH) regression. Rate ratios (RR) of children's health services use (HSU) are estimated with Poisson regression. Here we report the inclusion of 15,724 mother-child pairs; our LCA identifies four mother-clusters. Classes 1 and 2 mothers are older (30-40 s), non-immigrants with university education, living in high SES neighbourhoods; Class 2 mothers have poorer air quality and less greenspace. Classes 3 and 4 mothers are younger (20-30 s), likely an immigrant/refugee, with high school-to-college education, living in lower SES neighborhoods with poorer air quality and less greenspace. Children's outcomes differ by Class, in comparison to Class 1. Classes 3 and 4 children have higher risks of asthma (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.11-1.37 and HR 1.39, 95% CI 1.22-1.59, respectively), and similar higher risks of AR and eczema. Children with AR in Class 3 have 20% higher all-cause physician visits (RR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.10-1.30) and those with eczema have 18% higher all-cause emergency department visits (RR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.09-1.28) and 14% higher all-cause physician visits (RR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.09-1.19). Multifactorial-LCA mother-clusters may characterize associations of children's health outcomes and care, adjusting for interrelationships.

Asunto(s)

Asma , Eccema , Rinitis Alérgica , Recién Nacido , Femenino , Humanos , Niño , Preescolar , Estudios Longitudinales , Análisis de Clases Latentes , Canadá , Asma/epidemiología , Asma/etiología , Eccema/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica/epidemiología