RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The EAT-Lancet diet is a diet aimed at promoting population and planetary health from the perspective of sustainable diets in terms of environmental and health aspects. This study aimed to assess the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and cardiometabolic risk factors among adults and elderly individuals in a capital city in the northeastern region of Brazil. METHODS: This is an analytical cross-sectional observational study from a population-based sample conducted between 2019 and 2020, involving 398 non-institutionalized adults and elderly people, of both sexes from "Brazilian Usual Consumption Assessment" study (Brazuca-Natal). There was a 38% response rate due to the suspension of data collection due to the covid-19 pandemic, but According to the comparative analysis of socioeconomic and demographic variables between the surveyed and non-surveyed sectors, losses were found to be random (p = 0.135, Little's MCAR test). Socioeconomic and lifestyle data, anthropometric measurements, and dietary consumption were collected. We used the Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI) and the Cardiovascular Health Diet Index (CHDI) for cardiovascular health to assess adherence to the diet's sustainability. The evaluated cardiometabolic parameters included fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements. We also assessed the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, and dyslipidemia. For the data analyses, sample weights and the effect of the study design were taken into account. Pearson's chi-square test was used to evaluate the statistical significance of frequencies. Multiple linear regression models assessed the associations between PHDI and CHDI and its components and the cardiometabolic parameters. RESULTS: The mean PHDI was 29.4 (95% CI 28.04:30.81), on a total score ranging from 0 to 150 points and the mean CHDI was 32.63 (95% CI 31.50:33.78), on a total score ranging from 0 to 110 points. PHDI showed a significant positive association with the final CHDI score and components of fruits, vegetables, and legumes, and a negative association with Ultra-processed Food (UPF) (p < 0.05). Notably, among the most consumed UPF, the following stand out: "packaged snacks, shoestring potatoes, and crackers" (16.94%), followed by margarine (14.14%). The PHDI exhibited a significant association with diabetes and dyslipidemia, as well as with systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that adopting the EAT-Lancet diet is associated with the improvement of key cardiovascular health indicators.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Humanos , Masculino , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Dieta Saludable/estadística & datos numéricos , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico , COVID-19/epidemiología , Dieta/métodos , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Glucemia/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Poor diet quality contributes to morbidity and mortality and affects environmental sustainability. The EAT-Lancet reference diet offers a healthy and sustainable solution. This study aimed to estimate the association between diet cost and dietary quality, measured with an EAT-Lancet Index. METHODS: An EAT-Lancet index was adapted to assess adherence to this dietary pattern from 24-h recalls data from the 2012 and 2016 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Surveys (n = 14,242). Prices were obtained from the Consumer Price Index. We dichotomized cost at the median (into low- and high-cost) and compared the EAT-Lancet index scores. We also used multivariate linear regression models to explore the association between diet cost and diet quality. RESULTS: Individuals consuming a low-cost diet had a higher EAT-Lancet score than those consuming a high-cost diet (20.3 vs. 19.4 from a possible scale of 0 to 42; p < 0.001) due to a lower intake of beef and lamb, pork, poultry, dairy, and added sugars. We found that for each one-point increase in the EAT-Lancet score, there was an average decrease of MXN$0.4 in the diet cost (p < 0.001). This association was only significant among low- and middle-SES individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to evidence from high-income countries, this study shows that in Mexico, adhering to the EAT-Lancet reference diet is associated with lower dietar costs, particularly in lower SES groups. These findings suggest the potential for broader implementation of healthier diets without increasing the financial burden.
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Dieta , Encuestas Nutricionales , Humanos , México , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Dieta/métodos , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Dieta/economía , Encuestas Nutricionales/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas Nutricionales/métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Dieta Saludable/estadística & datos numéricos , Dieta Saludable/economía , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Costos y Análisis de Costo , Conducta Alimentaria , AncianoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To describe adherence to sustainable healthy diets among a sample of 958 Chilean pre-schoolers (3-6 years) and explore associations between adherence and child and maternal sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics. METHODS: Children's adherence to sustainable healthy diets was calculated from single multiple-pass 24-h dietary recalls using the Planetary Health Diet Index for children and adolescents (PHDI-C). Higher PHDI-C scores (max score = 150 points) represent greater adherence. Adjusted linear regression models were fitted to explore associations between PHDI-C scores and child and maternal characteristics. RESULTS: Children obtained low total PHDI-C scores (median 50.0 [IQR 39.5-59.8] points). This resulted from low consumption of nuts & peanuts, legumes, vegetables, whole cereals, and vegetable oils; a lack of balance between dark green and red & orange vegetables, inadequate consumption of tubers & potatoes and eggs & white meats, and excess consumption of dairy products, palm oil, red meats, and added sugars. Mean PHDI-C total score was significantly higher (50.6 [95%CI 49.6, 51.7] vs 47.3 [95%CI 45.0, 49.5]) among children whose mothers were ≥ 25 years compared to those with younger mothers. Positive associations were observed between scores for fruits and maternal education, vegetables and maternal age, added sugars and child weight status, while negative associations were observed between fruits and child age, and vegetable oils and maternal education. Scores for dairy products PHDI-C component were lower among girls. CONCLUSION: Adherence to sustainable healthy diets was low among this sample of Chilean children and was significantly associated with maternal age, being lower among children whose mothers were younger.
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Antropometría , Dieta Saludable , Factores Socioeconómicos , Humanos , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Masculino , Dieta Saludable/estadística & datos numéricos , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Preescolar , Chile , Niño , Antropometría/métodos , Adulto , Factores Sociodemográficos , Madres/estadística & datos numéricos , Cooperación del Paciente/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic condition with growing worldwide prevalence. Besides genetic factors, a sedentary lifestyle, excess weight, and inadequate eating habits, characterized by an excess intake of refined carbohydrates and ultra-processed foods, are contributing factors for the development of the disease. In this scenario, promoting a plant-based diet, and limiting animal product consumption while increasing the intake of vegetables, concurrently with healthy lifestyle habits, is a promising strategy to prevent T2DM. This scoping review, carried out between 2017 and 2022, aimed to gather evidence substantiating the benefits of a plant-based diet in T2DM prevention, considering different eating patterns, such as vegetarian, vegan, Mediterranean, and DASH diets. Several studies demonstrate a significant reduction in T2DM incidence among individuals adopting plant-based eating patterns or emphasizing healthy plant-based food alongside decreased intake or exclusion of animal-based foods. There are still no robust data regarding plant-based diets and the prevention of diabetes without loss in body weight. Hence, prospective studies in plant-based diets with weight control are needed. Nevertheless, adopting plant-based diets appears to induce significant weight loss, which is crucial in an obesity-endemic context. Thus, embracing plant-based diets, along with healthy habits, emerges as a relevant strategy in obesity and T2DM prevention.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Dieta Vegetariana , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/prevención & control , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiología , Humanos , Obesidad/prevención & control , Obesidad/epidemiología , Conducta Alimentaria , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Dieta Vegana , Dieta MediterráneaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) is a comprehensive measure to assess diet quality. Because of the various factors that influence the nutritional status of older adults, there is a need to adapt an index that assesses the quality of the diet considering the dietary requirements of aging and health promotion. This study aimed to adapt the HEI for older adults, considering their needs for healthy eating. METHODS: Food consumption data was collected by means of three non-consecutive 24-hour food recalls (R24h). For the adaptation of the Healthy Eating Index for Older Adults (HEI-OA), the components and scoring methodology of HEI-2015 were maintained and Brazilian food intake recommendations for the older population were used, which are in line with international recommendations. The validity of the HEI-OA was assessed by four ideal diets, Mann-Whitney's test, Spearman's correlation analysis and Cronbach's coefficient. RESULTS: Content validity of the HEI-OA was confirmed by the maximum score for diets recommended to older adults and by the score between groups with known differences in diet quality. The HEI-OA total score did not correlate with total energy intake (TEI - total energy value: r = -0.141, p > 0.05). The total HEI-OA score showed a statistically significant correlation with several nutrients. These correlations allowed identifying that these nutrients are closely related to the components of the HEI-OA. The internal consistency value for the HEI-OA total score was 0.327, similar to the 2005 and 2010 versions of the HEI. CONCLUSION: The HEI was successfully adapted for use with older adults, presenting validity and reliability. The HEI-OA can be used to assess diet quality in line with international dietary guidelines for healthy aging.
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Dieta Saludable , Envejecimiento Saludable , Política Nutricional , Humanos , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Dieta Saludable/estadística & datos numéricos , Dieta Saludable/normas , Anciano , Masculino , Femenino , Envejecimiento Saludable/fisiología , Brasil , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estado Nutricional , Evaluación Nutricional , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas sobre Dietas/normas , Encuestas sobre Dietas/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To assess diet quality and its association with body and biochemical parameters in patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). METHODS: Prospective observational study with individuals of both sexes subjected to RYGB. Body composition, biochemical parameters, and diet quality were assessed before and six months after RYGB. Diet quality was assessed by the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Data were analyzed by the paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with a significance level of 5%. Spearman's correlation and simple linear regression were performed between variables. RESULTS: The final sample included 34 patients. Their diet was classified as poor before and 6 mo after RYGB. BMI, fat mass, fat-free mass, waist perimeter, serum total protein, transthyretin, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, and C-reactive protein decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Variations in the HEI score and caloric intake were associated with serum albumin and transthyretin (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Poor diet quality was present before and six months after RYGB, and the study data suggest that poor diet quality is associated to a risk of loss of lean body mass and visceral protein six months after RYGB.
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Composición Corporal , Dieta , Derivación Gástrica , Estado Nutricional , Prealbúmina , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto , Prealbúmina/análisis , Prealbúmina/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dieta/métodos , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Proteínas en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Índice de Masa Corporal , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , Obesidad Mórbida/sangre , Albúmina Sérica/análisis , Albúmina Sérica/metabolismo , Ingestión de Energía , Orosomucoide/análisis , Orosomucoide/metabolismo , Dieta Saludable/estadística & datos numéricos , Dieta Saludable/métodosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective Although school is considered a suitable space for health promotion, there have been difficulties adopting healthy eating practices due to many ultra-processed foods offered in school canteens and irregularities in Food and Nutrition Education actions. This study aimed to propose a certification seal to encourage school canteens' managers in Brazil to adopt actions for the Promotion of Appropriate and Healthy Diets. Methods It is a methodological study in which the "Healthy Canteen Certification Seal" was developed, containing ten guidelines based on the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population. The instrument was built based on national and international documents and later was consensually agreed upon by experts using the Delphi method. Results Ten guidelines for the Seal were developed around the following topics: the creation of a Council, availability of written and accessible standards; stimulation of water intake; offer of natural foods, limitation of processed and ultra-processed foods, promotion of educational actions, prohibition of abusive food advertisements, structural changes, and staff training. The overall evaluation of the proposal by the experts was positive concerning its relevance, and more than 70% of positive results were attained for all guidelines. The participants agreed that the Seal would contribute to expanding and enhancing healthy eating practices in schools. Conclusion We believe that this proposal will encourage educational institutions to adopt and implement actions for the Promotion of Appropriate and Healthy Diets, thus contributing to ensuring Food and Nutrition Safety for students.
RESUMO Objetivo Embora a escola seja considerada um espaço adequado para a promoção da saúde, dificuldades na adoção de práticas alimentares saudáveis têm sido observadas devido à oferta de uma grande quantidade de alimentos ultraprocessados em cantinas escolares e irregularidades nas ações de Educação Alimentar e Nutricional. Este estudo teve por objetivo propor um selo de certificação para estimular cantinas escolares do Brasil a adotarem ações de Promoção da Alimentação Adequada e Saudável. Métodos Trata-se de um estudo de natureza metodológica no qual se desenvolveu o instrumento "Selo de Certificação Cantina Saudável", contendo dez orientações coerentes com as diretrizes do Guia Alimentar da População Brasileira. O instrumento foi elaborado com base em documentos nacionais e internacionais e posteriormente pactuado via consenso com especialistas por meio da metodologia Delphi. Resultados As dez orientações foram elaboradas em torno das seguintes questões: criação de um Conselho, presença de normas escritas e acessíveis, incentivo à ingestão de água, oferta de alimentos in natura e limitação de processados e ultraprocessados, estímulo a ações educativas, proibição de propagandas abusivas sobre alimentos, mudanças estruturais e treinamento de funcionários. A avaliação global da proposta pelos especialistas foi positiva quanto à sua relevância, sendo obtidos resultados superiores a 70% para todas as orientações. Os participantes concordaram que o Selo contribuirá para ampliar e aprimorar a alimentação saudável nas escolas. Conclusão Acredita-se que essa proposta incentivará as instituições educativas a aderirem e implementarem ações de Promoção da Alimentação Adequada e Saudável, devendo contribuir para a garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional dos escolares.
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Humanos , Niño , Adolescente , Alimentación Escolar/normas , Educación Alimentaria y Nutricional , Servicios de Alimentación/normas , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Técnica Delphi , Guías como AsuntoRESUMEN
Neste documento apresentamos a síntese dos debates realizados durante os Diálogos Regionais sobre Frutas, Legumes e Verduras, uma série de cinco encontros, um para cada macrorregião do Brasil, que tiveram como objetivo o compartilhamento de experiências inovadoras que fortalecem a produção, o abastecimento e o consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras (FLV). Nestas oportunidades foram apresentadas as particularidades de cada região em relação aos desafios e oportunidades para a formulação e implementação de políticas e ações que promovem a saúde, a alimentação adequada e saudável e fortalecem os sistemas alimentares saudáveis, justos e sustentáveis. Os eventos ocorreram entre os dias 24 de agosto e 14 de setembro de 2021 como parte das ações brasileiras para o Ano Internacional das Frutas, Legumes e Verduras, instituído pela Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas. Os Diálogos Regionais foram organizados pelo Ministério da Saúde, por meio da Coordenação-Geral de Alimentação e Nutrição e do Instituto Nacional de Câncer, em parceria com o Centro de Excelência contra a Fome do Programa Mundial de Alimentos (WFP), a Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde e a Organização das Nações Unidas para Alimentação e Agricultura (United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization FAO), além de contar com apoio dos Conselhos de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (CONSEAs), das Câmaras Intersetoriais de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (CAISANs) e das instituições brasileiras de nível superior. Para cada Diálogo Regional foram convidados representantes de governos locais, sociedade civil, pesquisadores, além dos parceiros já citados, que se propuseram a apresentar e debater estratégias que estimulam a cooperação horizontal para a implementação de uma agenda coordenada em prol da alimentação saudável, com especial atenção a FLV, e que seja capaz de atuar sobre os desafios impostos à conjuntura. Mesmo no contexto da pandemia de covid-19, foram apresentadas soluções exitosas para fortalecer todas as etapas, da produção ao consumo e, com isto, promover a saúde e a alimentação adequada e saudável. Os tópicos que constituem este documento são, portanto, uma síntese do conteúdo apresentado nos eventos, refletindo uma diversidade de pontos de vista, experiências profissionais e acúmulo teórico, que servirão como base para a elaboração de recomendações nacionais para avanço da agenda. Todos os Diálogos Regionais podem ser acessados aqui. Os eventos também fomentaram inscrições no Laboratório de Inovação: Incentivo à produção, à disponibilidade, ao acesso e ao consumo de frutas, legumes e verduras, cujo objetivo foi identificar, selecionar e divulgar experiências inovadoras desenvolvidas no Brasil que respondem a alguns desafios da agenda nos territórios e que podem ser utilizadas para apoiar a elaboração de políticas setoriais e intersetoriais e para o desenvolvimento de estratégias associadas à agenda de FLV. Espera-se que os desafios e as possibilidades apresentadas neste documento contribuam para a formulação e implementação de ações, programas e políticas públicas que efetivamente promovam a saúde e a segurança alimentar e nutricional da população.
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Humanos , Educación Alimentaria y Nutricional , Guías Alimentarias , Agricultura Orgánica , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/estadística & datos numéricos , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Congresos como AsuntoRESUMEN
We analyzed the effectiveness of two nutritional interventions alone and together, EVOO and the DieTBra, on the inflammatory profile of severely obese individuals. This study was an RCT with 149 individuals aged from 18 to 65 years, with a body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2, randomized into three intervention groups: (1) 52 mL/day of EVOO (n = 50); (2) DieTBra (n = 49); and (3) DieTBra plus 52 mL/day of EVOO (DieTBra + EVOO, n = 50). The primary outcomes we measured were the-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and the secondary outcomes we measured were the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR); leukocytes; and C reactive protein (CRP). After 12 weeks of intervention, DieTBra + EVOO significantly reduced the total leucocytes (p = 0.037) and LMR (p = 0.008). No statistically significant differences were found for the NLR in neither the intra-group and inter-group analyses, although a slight reduction was found in the DieTBra group (-0.22 ± 1.87). We observed reductions in the total leukocytes and LMR in the three groups, though without statistical difference between groups. In conclusion, nutritional intervention with DietBra + EVOO promotes a significant reduction in inflammatory biomarkers, namely leukocytes and LMR. CRP was reduced in EVOO and DieTBra groups and NLR reduced in the DieTBra group. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under NCT02463435.
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Dieta Saludable/métodos , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Obesidad Mórbida/sangre , Obesidad Mórbida/dietoterapia , Aceite de Oliva/administración & dosificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Biomarcadores/sangre , Índice de Masa Corporal , Brasil , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Dieta Saludable/etnología , Femenino , Humanos , Inflamación , Leucocitos , Linfocitos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Monocitos , Neutrófilos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Women are more affected by obesity than men which increases their risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, it is important to understand the effectiveness of different types of diet in the context of women's health. This review aims to summarize the scientific evidence on the effects of different types of diet for women with obesity and their impact on CVD and cancer risk. This review included epidemiological and clinical studies on adult women and different types of diets, such as the Mediterranean (MED) diet, the Traditional Brazilian Diet, the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH), intermittent fasting (IF), calorie (energy) restriction, food re-education, low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) and a very low-carbohydrate diet (VLCD). Our main findings showed that although LCDs, VLCD and IF are difficult to adhere to over an extended period, they can be good options for achieving improvements in body weight and cardiometabolic parameters. MED, DASH and the Traditional Brazilian Diet are based on natural foods and reduced processed foods. These diets have been associated with better women's health outcomes, including lower risk of CVD and cancer and the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Salud de la Mujer , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias/etiología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The global diet quality score (GDQS) is a simple, standardized metric appropriate for population-based measurement of diet quality globally. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to operationalize data collection by modifying the quantity of consumption cutoffs originally developed for the GDQS food groups and to statistically evaluate the performance of the operationalized GDQS relative to the original GDQS against nutrient adequacy and noncommunicable disease (NCD)-related outcomes. METHODS: The GDQS application uses a 24-h open-recall to collect a full list of all foods consumed during the previous day or night, and automatically classifies them into corresponding GDQS food group. Respondents use a set of 10 cubes in a range of predetermined sizes to determine if the quantity consumed per GDQS food group was below, or equal to or above food group-specific cutoffs established in grams. Because there is only a total of 10 cubes but as many as 54 cutoffs for the GDQS food groups, the operationalized cutoffs differ slightly from the original GDQS cutoffs. RESULTS: A secondary analysis using 5 cross-sectional datasets comparing the GDQS with the original and operationalized cutoffs showed that the operationalized GDQS remained strongly correlated with nutrient adequacy and was equally sensitive to anthropometric and other clinical measures of NCD risk. In a secondary analysis of a longitudinal cohort study of Mexican teachers, there were no differences between the 2 modalities with the beta coefficients per 1 SD change in the original and operationalized GDQS scores being nearly identical for weight gain (-0.37 and -0.36, respectively, P < 0.001 for linear trend for both models) and of the same clinical order of magnitude for waist circumference (-0.52 and -0.44, respectively, P < 0.001 for linear trend for both models). CONCLUSION: The operationalized GDQS cutoffs did not change the performance of the GDQS and therefore are recommended for use to collect GDQS data in the future.
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Dieta Saludable/métodos , Dieta , Programas Informáticos , Bebidas/clasificación , Estudios Transversales , Recolección de Datos/métodos , Registros de Dieta , Dieta Saludable/normas , Alimentos/clasificación , Humanos , Recuerdo Mental , México/epidemiología , Enfermedades no Transmisibles/epidemiología , Estado Nutricional , Programas Informáticos/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Obesity is one of the major health problems worldwide. Following healthy dietary patterns can be difficult in some countries due to the lack of availability of certain foods; thus, alternative foods are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a dietary pattern consisting of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT) on postprandial insulinemia and lipemia in obese Colombian subjects. A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted, in which 44 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 followed either a FAWGT diet or a diet high in saturated fat and rich in processed carbohydrates. Levels of lipids and carbohydrates were measured during the postprandial state. The FAWGT diet reduced fasting insulin, VLDL, and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks (p < 0.05), while there was a lower postprandial increase in TG, VLDL, and insulin levels after both acute and chronic intake of FAWGT diet (p < 0.05). The intake of FAWGT-diet was characterized by high consumption of foods rich in fiber, MUFAs, and vitamins C and E (p < 0.05). The consumption of a diet composed of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout has emerged as a valid alternative to the foods included in other heart-healthy diets since it improves postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in obese people and has similar beneficial effects to these healthy models.
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Dieta Saludable/métodos , Ingestión de Alimentos/fisiología , Hiperinsulinismo/dietoterapia , Hiperlipidemias/dietoterapia , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Animales , Glucemia/análisis , Índice de Masa Corporal , VLDL-Colesterol/sangre , Estudios Cruzados , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ayuno/sangre , Femenino , Frutas , Humanos , Hiperinsulinismo/sangre , Hiperinsulinismo/etiología , Hiperlipidemias/sangre , Hiperlipidemias/etiología , Insulina/sangre , Resistencia a la Insulina , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/complicaciones , Persea , Periodo Posprandial/fisiología , Alimentos Marinos , Triglicéridos/sangre , Trucha , Granos EnterosRESUMEN
A high-quality diet during pregnancy may have positive effects on fetal growth and nutritional status at birth, and it may modify the risk of developing chronic diseases later in life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between diet quality and newborn nutritional status in a group of pregnant Mexican women. As part of the ongoing Mexican prospective cohort study, OBESO, we studied 226 healthy pregnant women. We adapted the Alternated Healthy Eating Index-2010 for pregnancy (AHEI-10P). The association between maternal diet and newborn nutritional status was investigated by multiple linear regression and logistic regression models. We applied three 24-h recalls during the second half of gestation. As the AHEI-10P score improved by 5 units, the birth weight and length increased (ß = 74.8 ± 35.0 g and ß = 0.3 ± 0.4 cm, respectively, p < 0.05). Similarly, the risk of low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) decreased (OR: 0.47, 95%CI: 0.27-0.82 and OR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.36-0.85, respectively). In women without preeclampsia and/or GDM, the risk of stunting decreased as the diet quality score increased (+5 units) (OR: 0.62, 95%IC: 0.40-0.96). A high-quality diet during pregnancy was associated with a higher newborn size and a reduced risk of LBW and SGA in this group of pregnant Mexican women.
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Peso al Nacer/fisiología , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Dieta Saludable/estadística & datos numéricos , Fenómenos Fisiologicos Nutricionales Maternos/fisiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido de Bajo Peso , Recién Nacido , Recién Nacido Pequeño para la Edad Gestacional , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Embarazo , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
During breast cancer treatment, worsening quality of life (QoL) and the presence of toxicities are common, but healthy eating practices are associated with better clinical results. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the effect of a nutritional intervention on QoL and on gastrointestinal and hematological toxicities resulting from chemotherapy in women with breast cancer. A randomized clinical trial was performed at the beginning of neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment for women with breast cancer. All participants received nutritional advice on healthy eating practices, but only the intervention group (IG) received an individualized diet plan. The study enrolled 34 women, 19 in the IG and 15 in the control group (CG). During the study, the CG significantly presented a reduction (from 21.6 ± 5.9 kg to 18.8 ± 4.0 kg, p = 0.009) in handgrip strength (HGS), while the IG did not present changes in this variable. Regarding QoL, the IG preserved the role function during treatment and presented better results for nausea/vomiting and loss of appetite compared to the CG. In gastrointestinal and hematological toxicities, the IG had lower frequencies of leukopenia and abdominal pain. The nutritional intervention preserved the role function of QoL and HGS, reduced the occurrence of nausea/vomiting, loss of appetite and the frequency of leukopenia and abdominal pain.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/dietoterapia , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Calidad de Vida , Dolor Abdominal/epidemiología , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/uso terapéutico , Apetito , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Dieta/métodos , Femenino , Fuerza de la Mano , Humanos , Leucopenia/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Náusea/epidemiología , Terapia Neoadyuvante , Evaluación Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vómitos/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Fluid milk and its derivatives are important dietary ingredients that contribute to daily nutrient intake of the modern Homo sapiens. To produce milk that is healthier for human consumption, the present study evaluated the effect of adding soybean oil and linseed oil in the diet of lactating cows. The fatty acid profile of milk, milk composition, and the blood parameters of cows were evaluated. Eighteen Holstein cows were distributed in a replicated Latin square design and distributed according to the following treatments: 1) Control (CC): traditional dairy cow diet, without addition of oil; 2) Soybean oil (SO): 2.5% addition of soybean oil to the traditional diet, as a source of omega-6; 3) Linseed oil (LO): 2.5% addition of linseed oil in the diet as a source of omega-3. Milk production was not affected, but oil supplementation decreased feed intake by 1.93 kg/cow/day. The milk fat percentage was significantly lower when cows were supplemented with vegetable oil (3.37, 2.75 and 2.89% for CC, SO and LO, respectively). However, both soybean and linseed oils decreased the concentration of saturated fatty acids (66.89, 56.52 and 56.60 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively), increased the amount of unsaturated fatty acids in milk (33.05, 43.39, and 43.35 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively) and decreased the ratio between saturated/unsaturated fatty acids (2.12, 1.34, and 1.36 for CC, SO and LO respectively). Furthermore, SO and LO increased significantly the concentration of monounsaturated fatty acids (29.58, 39.55 and 39.47 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively), though it did not significantly alter the level of polyunsaturated fatty acids in milk fat (3.57, 3.93 and 3.98 g/100g for CC, SO and LO respectively). Supplementation with LO enhanced the concentration of omega-3 fatty acids on milk (0.32, 0.36, and 1.02 for CC, SO and LO respectively). Blood variables aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyl transferase, urea, albumin, creatinine and total proteins were not altered. On the other hand, total cholesterol, HDL and LDL were greater in the group supplemented with vegetable oils. Supplementation with vegetable oils reduced the dry matter intake of cows, the fat content of milk, and improved saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio of milk fat. Compared to the SO treatment, animals fed LO produced milk with greater content of omega-3, and a more desirable omega-6/omega-3 ratio on a human nutrition perspective. Thus, the inclusion of SO and LO in the diet of lactating dairy cows makes the milk fatty acid profile nutritionally healthier for the human consumption.
Asunto(s)
Dieta/veterinaria , Ácidos Grasos/análisis , Lactancia/efectos de los fármacos , Aceite de Linaza/uso terapéutico , Leche/química , Aceite de Soja/uso terapéutico , Animales , Bovinos , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Femenino , Humanos , Valor NutritivoRESUMEN
The observation that unhealthy diets (those that are low in whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and high in sugar, salt, saturated fat and ultra-processed foods) are a major risk factor for poor health outcomes has boosted interest in the concept of 'food as medicine'. This concept is especially relevant to metabolic diseases, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), in which dietary approaches are already used to ameliorate metabolic and nutritional complications. Increased awareness that toxic uraemic metabolites originate not only from intermediary metabolism but also from gut microbial metabolism, which is directly influenced by diet, has fuelled interest in the potential of 'food as medicine' approaches in CKD beyond the current strategies of protein, sodium and phosphate restriction. Bioactive nutrients can alter the composition and metabolism of the microbiota, act as modulators of transcription factors involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction, act as senolytics and impact the epigenome by altering one-carbon metabolism. As gut dysbiosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, premature ageing and epigenetic changes are common features of CKD, these findings suggest that tailored, healthy diets that include bioactive nutrients as part of the foodome could potentially be used to prevent and treat CKD and its complications.
Asunto(s)
Dieta Saludable/métodos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Uremia/prevención & control , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Humanos , Fenotipo , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Uremia/etiologíaRESUMEN
COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was recognised by the WHO as a pandemic in 2020. Host preparation to combat the virus is an important strategy to avoid COVID-19 severity. Thus, the relationship between eating habits, nutritional status and their effects on the immune response and further implications in viral respiratory infections is an important topic discussed in this review. Malnutrition causes the most diverse alterations in the immune system, suppressing of the immune response and increasing the susceptibility to infections such as SARS-CoV-2. On the other hand, obesity induces low-grade chronic inflammation caused by excess adiposity, which increases angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. It decreases the immune response favouring SARS-CoV-2 virulence and promoting respiratory distress syndrome. The present review highlights the importance of food choices considering their inflammatory effects, consequently increasing the viral susceptibility observed in malnutrition and obesity. Healthy eating habits, micronutrients, bioactive compounds and probiotics are strategies for COVID-19 prevention. Therefore, a diversified and balanced diet can contribute to the improvement of the immune response to viral infections such as COVID-19.