RESUMEN
Mechanistically targeted behavioral interventions are a much-needed strategy for improving outcomes in depression, especially for vulnerable populations with comorbidities such as obesity. Such interventions may change behavior and outcome by changing underlying neural circuit function. However, it is unknown how these circuit-level modifications unfold over intervention and how individual differences in early circuit-level modifications may explain the heterogeneity of treatment effects. We addressed this need within a clinical trial of problem-solving therapy for participants with depression symptoms and comorbid obesity, focusing on the cognitive control circuit as a putative neural mechanism of action. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was applied to measure the cognitive control circuit activity at five time points over 24 months. Compared with participants who received usual care, those receiving problem-solving therapy showed that attenuations in cognitive control circuit activity were associated with enhanced problem-solving ability, which suggests that this circuit plays a key role in the mechanisms of problem-solving therapy. Attenuations in circuit activity were also associated with improved depression symptoms. Changes in cognitive control circuit activity at 2 months better predicted changes in problem-solving ability and depression symptoms at 6, 12, and 24 months, with predictive improvements ranging from 17.8 to 104.0%, exceeding baseline demographic and symptom characteristics. Our findings suggest that targeting the circuit mechanism of action could enhance the prediction of treatment outcomes, warranting future model refinement and improvement to pave the way for its clinical application.
Asunto(s)
Cognición , Depresión , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Solución de Problemas , Humanos , Solución de Problemas/fisiología , Depresión/terapia , Depresión/fisiopatología , Cognición/fisiología , Femenino , Masculino , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Research and theory suggest an important role of neuroendocrine function in emotional development, particularly under conditions of elevated stress. We provide empirical data to clarify associations between alpha-amylase (AA) and cortisol as well as test the differential linkages among AA, cortisol, and symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress in children. Children recruited from a low-income elevated violence community (n = 100; mean age = 10, SD = 0.64; 79% Latino; 67% received free or reduced lunch) were assessed on diurnal levels of AA and cortisol along with assessments of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Elevated anxiety symptoms were associated with steeper linear slopes of AA with higher levels of AA in the morning but lower levels of AA in the evening. Depression was associated with differential cubic trajectories of AA when PTSSs were included in the model. Anxiety also predicted differential cubic diurnal trends in cortisol, such that greater anxiety symptoms were associated with relatively higher levels of cortisol in the evening. Again, depression symptoms when PTSS were included predicted diurnal cubic trends with elevated depression associated with lower awakening and midday cortisol that reversed to higher evening cortisol compared to youth with fewer self-reported depression symptoms.
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Ansiedad , Ritmo Circadiano , Depresión , Hidrocortisona , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Ansiedad/fisiopatología , Niño , Depresión/fisiopatología , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiología , Saliva/química , alfa-Amilasas/metabolismo , alfa-Amilasas/análisis , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/fisiopatología , alfa-Amilasas Salivales/metabolismo , alfa-Amilasas Salivales/análisis , Desarrollo Infantil/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Many psychopathologies tied to internalizing symptomatology emerge during adolescence, therefore identifying neural markers of internalizing behavior in childhood may allow for early intervention. We utilized data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study® to evaluate associations between cortico-amygdalar functional connectivity, polygenic risk for depression (PRSD), traumatic events experienced, internalizing behavior, and internalizing subscales: withdrawn/depressed behavior, somatic complaints, and anxious/depressed behaviors. Data from 6371 children (ages 9-11) were used to analyze amygdala resting-state fMRI connectivity to Gordon parcellation based whole-brain regions of interest (ROIs). Internalizing behaviors were measured using the parent-reported Child Behavior Checklist. Linear mixed-effects models were used to identify patterns of cortico-amygdalar connectivity associated with internalizing behaviors. Results indicated left amygdala connections to auditory, frontoparietal network (FPN), and dorsal attention network (DAN) ROIs were significantly associated with withdrawn/depressed symptomatology. Connections relevant for withdrawn/depressed behavior were linked to social behaviors. Specifically, amygdala connections to DAN were associated with social anxiety, social impairment, and social problems. Additionally, an amygdala connection to the FPN ROI and the auditory network ROI was associated with social anxiety and social problems, respectively. Therefore, it may be important to account for social behaviors when looking for brain correlates of depression.
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Amígdala del Cerebelo , Depresión , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Amígdala del Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagen , Amígdala del Cerebelo/fisiopatología , Niño , Masculino , Femenino , Depresión/diagnóstico por imagen , Depresión/fisiopatología , Depresión/psicología , Adolescente , Vías Nerviosas/fisiopatología , Vías Nerviosas/diagnóstico por imagen , Vías Nerviosas/crecimiento & desarrolloRESUMEN
Introduction: Depression can exacerbate diabetes by impairing self-care behaviors and increasing the risk of complication; however, the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Given the suggested associations between walking activity, depression status, and blood glucose levels this study explores the intricate relationship between depression and blood glucose (BG) control, with a focus on walking activity as a behavioral mediator. The purpose of this study is to examine walking activity's mediating role in depression's impact on BG levels, investigating and validating the non-linear association between BG levels and walking activity. This retrospective real-world study demonstrates the potential of regular walking activity as a simple and accessible intervention to mitigate the negative effects of depression on BG levels in T2D and prediabetes. Methods: A cohort of 989 users with T2D and prediabetes, who regularly tracked their steps levels and BG levels for 12 months using the Dario digital health platform was evaluated. The mediating role of the monthly average number of steps on the relationship between the self-reported depression status and lagged monthly average BG was assessed. Additionally, the association between monthly walking activity and monthly average BG was tested using a piecewise linear mixed effects model. Results: Users with self-reported depression demonstrated increased BG levels compared to users without depression (B=8.00, P=.01). The association between depression and monthly average number of steps was significant (B=-.27, P<.005) and monthly average number of steps significantly predicted the following months' average BG (B=-.81, P=.001), adjusting for depression. The monthly average number of steps significantly mediated the effect of self-reported depression on the following month's average BG (M=.22, P<.005). Further sensitivity analysis demonstrated model robustness over various periods. Finally, non-linear dynamics of walking activity over time was validated using unseen data showing a decrease in monthly average BG for users with over an average of 400 steps per day (B=-1.87, P<.01). Discussion: This study shows how regular walking may reduce the negative impact of depression on BG levels in people with T2D. Our findings advocate for the integration of walking activity into treatment protocols as a cost-effective, accessible intervention strategy to improve glycemic management and depressive symptoms in this population.
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Glucemia , Depresión , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Estado Prediabético , Caminata , Humanos , Estado Prediabético/psicología , Estado Prediabético/fisiopatología , Estado Prediabético/sangre , Caminata/fisiología , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Depresión/sangre , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/fisiopatología , Glucemia/análisis , Estudios Retrospectivos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicaciones , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/psicología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatología , Anciano , AdultoAsunto(s)
Encéfalo , Depresión , Humanos , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/patología , Depresión/patología , Depresión/fisiopatología , Vías Nerviosas , BiomarcadoresRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Objective diagnostic approaches need to be tested to enhance the efficacy of depression detection. Non-invasive EEG-based identification represents a promising area. AIMS: The present EEG study addresses two central questions: 1) whether inner or overt speech condition result in higher diagnositc accuracy of depression detection; and 2) does the affective nature of the presented emotion words count in such diagnostic approach. METHODS: A matched case-control sample consisting of 10 depressed subjects and 10 healthy controls was assessed. An EEG headcap containing 64 electrodes measured neural responses to experimental cues presented in the form of 15 different words that belonged to three emotional categories: neutral, positive, and negative. 120 experimental cues was presented for every participant, each containing an "inner speech" and an "overt speech" segment. An EEGNet neural network was utilized. RESULTS: The highest diagnostic accuracy of the EEGNet model was observed in the case of the overt speech condition (i.e. 69.5%), while a an overall subject-wise accuracy of 80% was achieved by the model. Only a negligible difference in diagnostic accuracy could be found between aggregated emotion word categories, with the highest accuracy (i.e. 70.2%) associated with the presentation of positive emotion words. Model decision was primarily influenced by electrodes representing the regions of the left parietal, the left temporal lobe and the middle frontal areas. CONCLUSIONS: While the generalizability of our results is limited by the small sample size and potentially uncontrolled confounders, depression was associated with sensitive and presumably network-like aspects of these brain areas, potentially implying a higher level of emotion regulation that increases primarily in open communication.
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Señales (Psicología) , Electroencefalografía , Emociones , Aprendizaje Automático , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Emociones/fisiología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Depresión/diagnóstico , Depresión/fisiopatología , Habla/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encéfalo/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Emotion studies have commonly reported impaired emotional processing in individuals with heightened anhedonic depressive symptoms, as typically measured by collecting single subjective ratings for a given emotional cue. However, the interindividual variation in moment-to-moment emotional reactivity, and associated time-varying brain networks recruitment as emotions are unfolding, remains unclear. In this study, we filled this gap by using the unique temporal characteristics of music to investigate behavioural and brain network dynamics as a function of anhedonic depressive symptoms severity. Thirty-one neurotypical participants aged 18-30 years completed anhedonic depression questionnaires and then continuously rated happy, neutral and sad pieces of music whilst undergoing MRI scanning. Using a unique combination of dynamic approaches to behavioural (i.e., emotion dynamics) and fMRI (i.e., leading eigenvector dynamics analysis; LEiDA) data analysis, we found that participants higher in anhedonic depressive symptoms exhibited increased recruitment of attentional networks and blunted emotional response to both happy and sad musical excerpts. Anhedonic depression mediated the relationship between attentional networks recruitment and emotional blunting, and the elevated recruitment of attentional networks during emotional pieces of music carried over into subsequent neutral music. Future studies are needed to investigate whether these findings could be generalised to a clinical population (i.e., major depressive disorder).
Asunto(s)
Anhedonia , Atención , Emociones , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Música , Humanos , Música/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Anhedonia/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Emociones/fisiología , Atención/fisiología , Depresión/fisiopatología , Depresión/psicología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Percepción Auditiva/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Monozygotic twins share the same genotype; however, they can be phenotypically discordant on various traits. Studying discordant monozygotic twins allows the investigation of differences in associations between symptoms and psychopathological risk factors, controlled for shared genetic liability. The network approach to psychopathology suggests that depressive symptoms, along with risk and protective factors (e.g., cognition, daily activities), form a complex system of mutually interacting components. We compared monozygotic twins discordant for lifetime depression on their respective extended networks of depressive symptoms, cognitive functions and daily activities (intellectual, physical, social), and evaluated if these networks differ in their associations between variables and in the role of each variable within the network. Regularized partial correlations investigated the networks' composition in 147 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for depression from the Danish Twin Registry. Affected twins had stronger overall associations within their network of depressive symptoms, cognitive functions and daily activities than their unaffected co-twins, while the importance of the network components' associations did not differ between the co-twins. In affected twins, decreased frequency in experiencing happiness had the strongest association with remaining variables (i.e., the most influence in activating other network elements). Also, variables from different groups were significantly associated (e.g., loneliness with delayed memory, pessimism with low social activities, verbal learning with intellectual activities). In unaffected twins, both mood symptoms and cognitive functions were important, but between-groups associations were quasi-absent. These results suggest that external events affecting the ability to feel happiness likely trigger the psychopathological process (depression network activation), independently from the genetic predisposition to depression.
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Actividades Cotidianas , Depresión , Sistema de Registros , Gemelos Monocigóticos , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Depresión/fisiopatología , Depresión/genética , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Enfermedades en Gemelos/genética , Cognición/fisiología , AncianoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cognitive dysfunction is frequently seen in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, there are conflicting findings regarding the factors it is associated with. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between aerobic capacity, strength, disability, depression, fatigue, and cognitive reserve and function. METHODS: The mobile applications Trail Making Test (TMT A-B), Digit Span Test (DST), Visuospatial Memory Test (VSMT), and Tap Fast were used in the cognitive function evaluation. Functional performance was assessed with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), 5-Time Sit-to-Sand (5STS) test, and grip strength. Cognitive Reserve Index (CRI), Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and Nottingham Health Profile were also used. RESULTS: A significant difference was found between the MS and control groups only in the 6MWT, STS-5, grip strength, TMT, VSMT, and Tap Fast. Good correlation was found between the TMT-A and 6MWT and physical mobility. A fair correlation was shown between grip strength, energy, and pain status. A good correlation was found between TMT-B and 6MWT, and a fair relationship with disability, cognitive reserve, and pain. Good correlation was observed between the DST and 6MWT, left grip strength, pain, and energy status; fair correlations were found between right grip strength, cognitive reserve, and physical mobility. Good correlation was found between the VSMT and energy. A fair relationship between disability, cognitive reserve, and pain was demonstrated. Good correlation was observed between the Tap Fast score and disability, 5STS, FSS, energy, and physical mobility. A fair relationship was found between pain and social isolation. CONCLUSION: It has been shown that cognitive performance in MS is related to disability, functional performance, cognitive reserve, fatigue, and general health. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT06084182.
ANTECEDENTES: A disfunção cognitiva é frequentemente observada na esclerose múltipla (EM). No entanto, existem resultados conflitantes sobre os fatores aos quais está associada. OBJETIVO: Investigar a relação entre capacidade aeróbica, força, incapacidade, depressão, fadiga e reserva e função cognitiva. MéTODOS: Os aplicativos móveis Trail Making Test (TMT A-B), Digit Span Test (DST), Visuoespacial Memory Test (VSMT) e Tap Fast foram utilizados na avaliação da função cognitiva. O desempenho funcional foi avaliado por meio do teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (TC6), Teste de Sentar-Levantar Cinco Vezes (TSL5) e força de preensão manual. Também foram utilizados Índice de Reserva Cognitiva (IRC), Inventário de Depressão de Beck, Escala de Gravidade de Fadiga (EGF) e Perfil de Saúde de Nottingham. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os grupos EM e controle apenas no TC6, TSL5, força de preensão, TMT, VSMT e Tap Fast. Foi encontrada boa correlação entre o TMT-A e o TC6 e a mobilidade física. Foi demonstrada uma correlação razoável entre força de preensão, energia e estado de dor. Foi encontrada uma boa correlação entre o TMT-B e o TC6, e uma relação razoável com incapacidade, reserva cognitiva e dor. Foi observada boa correlação entre o DST e o TC6, força de preensão esquerda, dor e estado energético; correlações justas foram encontradas entre força de preensão direita, reserva cognitiva e mobilidade física. Foi encontrada boa correlação entre o VSMT e a energia. Foi demonstrada uma relação justa entre incapacidade, reserva cognitiva e dor. Foi observada boa correlação entre o escore Tap Fast e incapacidade, TLS5, EGF, energia e mobilidade física. Foi encontrada uma relação justa entre dor e isolamento social. CONCLUSãO: Foi demonstrado que o desempenho cognitivo na EM está relacionado com incapacidade, desempenho funcional, reserva cognitiva, fadiga e saúde geral. REGISTRO DE TESTE: NCT06084182.
Asunto(s)
Reserva Cognitiva , Evaluación de la Discapacidad , Fatiga , Esclerosis Múltiple , Tiempo de Reacción , Humanos , Masculino , Esclerosis Múltiple/fisiopatología , Esclerosis Múltiple/complicaciones , Esclerosis Múltiple/psicología , Reserva Cognitiva/fisiología , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fatiga/fisiopatología , Fatiga/etiología , Tiempo de Reacción/fisiología , Cognición/fisiología , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas , Fuerza de la Mano/fisiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/fisiopatología , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Depresión/fisiopatología , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Prueba de Paso , Estudios Transversales , Valores de Referencia , Estadísticas no ParamétricasRESUMEN
Individuals with low social status are at heightened risk of major depressive disorder (MDD), and MDD also influences social status. While the interrelationship between MDD and social status is well-defined, the behavioral causality between these two phenotypes remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the behavioral relationships between depressive and dominance behaviors in male mice exposed to chronic restraint stress and the role of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) astrocytes in these behaviors. Chronic restraint stress induced both depressive and submissive behaviors. Chemogenetic mPFC astrocyte activation significantly enhanced dominance in chronic stress-induced submissive mice by increasing the persistence of defensive behavior, although it did not affect depressive behaviors. Notably, repetitive winning experiences following mPFC astrocyte stimulation exerted anti-depressive effects in chronic restraint stress-induced depressive mice. These data indicate that mPFC astrocyte-derived winning experience renders anti-depressive effects, and may offer a new strategy for treating depression caused by low status in social hierarchies by targeting mPFC astrocytes.
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Astrocitos , Conducta Animal , Depresión , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Corteza Prefrontal , Estrés Psicológico , Animales , Astrocitos/metabolismo , Masculino , Estrés Psicológico/complicaciones , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiopatología , Corteza Prefrontal/patología , Depresión/fisiopatología , Predominio Social , Enfermedad Crónica , Restricción Física , RatonesRESUMEN
Humans can decode emotional states from the body odors of the conspecifics and this type of emotional communication is particularly relevant in conditions in which social interactions are impaired, as in depression and social anxiety. The present study aimed to explore how body odors collected in happiness and fearful conditions modulate the subjective ratings, the psychophysiological response and the neural processing of neutral faces in individuals with depressive symptoms, social anxiety symptoms, and healthy controls (N = 22 per group). To this aim, electrocardiogram (ECG) and HD-EEG were recorded continuously. Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was extracted from the ECG as a measure of vagal tone, event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related spectral perturbations (ERPSs) were extracted from the EEG. The results revealed that the HRV increased during the fear and happiness body odors conditions compared to clean air, but no group differences emerged. For ERPs data, repeated measure ANOVA did not show any significant effects. However, the ERPSs analyses revealed a late increase in delta power and a reduced beta power both at an early and a late stage of stimulus processing in response to the neutral faces presented with the emotional body odors, regardless of the presence of depressive or social anxiety symptoms. The current research offers new insights, demonstrating that emotional chemosignals serve as potent environmental cues. This represents a substantial advancement in comprehending the impact of emotional chemosignals in both individuals with and without affective disorders.
Asunto(s)
Señales (Psicología) , Electroencefalografía , Emociones , Potenciales Evocados , Expresión Facial , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Potenciales Evocados/fisiología , Emociones/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Percepción Olfatoria/fisiología , Felicidad , Electrocardiografía , Miedo/fisiología , Reconocimiento Facial/fisiología , Odorantes , Trastornos del Humor/fisiopatología , Trastornos del Humor/psicología , Depresión/fisiopatología , Depresión/psicología , Ansiedad/fisiopatología , Ansiedad/psicologíaRESUMEN
Several mental disorders emerge during childhood or adolescence and are often characterized by socioemotional difficulties, including alterations in emotion perception. Emotional facial expressions are processed in discrete functional brain modules whose connectivity patterns encode emotion categories, but the involvement of these neural circuits in psychopathology in youth is poorly understood. This study examined the associations between activation and functional connectivity patterns in emotion circuits and psychopathology during development. We used task-based fMRI data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort (PNC, N = 1221, 8-23 years) and conducted generalized psycho-physiological interaction (gPPI) analyses. Measures of psychopathology were derived from an independent component analysis of questionnaire data. The results showed positive associations between identifying fearful, sad, and angry faces and depressive symptoms, and a negative relationship between sadness recognition and positive psychosis symptoms. We found a positive main effect of depressive symptoms on BOLD activation in regions overlapping with the default mode network, while individuals reporting higher levels of norm-violating behavior exhibited emotion-specific lower functional connectivity within regions of the salience network and between modules that overlapped with the salience and default mode network. Our findings illustrate the relevance of functional connectivity patterns underlying emotion processing for behavioral problems in children and adolescents.
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Emociones , Expresión Facial , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Adolescente , Femenino , Masculino , Niño , Emociones/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Depresión/fisiopatología , Depresión/diagnóstico por imagen , Depresión/psicología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Reconocimiento Facial/fisiología , Red en Modo Predeterminado/fisiopatología , Red en Modo Predeterminado/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos Mentales/fisiopatología , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastornos Mentales/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Depression is closely related to suicidal ideation (SI); however, it is unclear who is most vulnerable to SI within the context of depression. Research suggests that individual differences in emotion reactivity and regulation may be potential moderators of the link between depression and SI. Therefore, the current study tested this hypothesis using objective markers of emotion reactivity and volitional cognitive regulation capacity during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS: Adults (n = 91) with active SI completed validated self-report measures of current depressive symptoms and SI severity. Participants completed an fMRI task designed to probe neural response to aversive stimuli and during cognitive reappraisal - a form of volitional emotion regulation. Activation of the amygdala during aversive emotion reactivity was measured. Activation of ventrolateral, dorsolateral, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (vlPFC, dlPFC, and dmPFC) during cognitive reappraisal were also measured. A series of hierarchical linear regressions testing the unique and interactive effects of depression symptoms and neural activation on severity of SI were conducted. RESULTS: Analyses revealed a depression x amygdala activation interaction. The positive association between depression and SI severity was more robust in the context of high amygdala reactivity than low amygdala reactivity. Analyses also indicated there was no PFC activity (neural cognitive reappraisal) by depression interaction. LIMITATIONS: Psychoactive medications were allowed and all participants endorsed suicidal intent. CONCLUSION: Strategies aimed at targeting exaggerated emotion reactivity within the context of depression may be beneficial.
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Amígdala del Cerebelo , Depresión , Regulación Emocional , Emociones , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Corteza Prefrontal , Ideación Suicida , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Amígdala del Cerebelo/fisiopatología , Amígdala del Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagen , Regulación Emocional/fisiología , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiopatología , Corteza Prefrontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Depresión/fisiopatología , Depresión/psicología , Emociones/fisiología , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Depression is a significant public health concern. Identifying biopsychosocial risk factors for depression is important for developing targeted prevention. Studies have demonstrated that blunted striatal activation during reward processing is a risk factor for depression; however, few have prospectively examined whether adolescent reward-related resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) predicts depression symptoms in adulthood and how this relates to known risk factors (e.g., childhood trauma). METHODS: At baseline, 66 adolescents (mean age = 14.7, SD = 1.4, 68 % female) underwent rsFC magnetic resonance imaging and completed the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). At follow-up (mean time between adolescent scan and adult follow-up = 10.1 years, SD = 1.6, mean adult age = 24.8 years, SD = 1.7), participants completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Beck Depression Inventory- Second Edition (BDI-2). Average rsFC was calculated between nodes in mesocorticolimbic reward circuitry: ventral striatum (VS), rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC), medial orbitofrontal cortex, and ventral tegmental area. Linear regressions assessed associations between rsFC, BDI-2, and CTQ, controlling for adolescent CDI, sex assigned at birth, and scan age (Bonferroni corrected). RESULTS: Greater childhood trauma was associated with higher adulthood depression symptoms. Stronger VS-rACC rsFC during adolescence was associated with greater depression symptoms in adulthood and greater childhood trauma. LIMITATIONS: The small sample size, limited depression severity, and seed-based approach are limitations. CONCLUSIONS: The associations between adolescent striatal-cingulate rsFC and childhood trauma and adult depression symptoms suggest this connectivity may be an early neurobiological risk factor for depression and that early life experience plays an important role. Increased VS-rACC connectivity may represent an over-regulatory response on the striatum, commonly reported in depression, and warrants further investigation.
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Depresión , Giro del Cíngulo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Recompensa , Estriado Ventral , Humanos , Femenino , Adolescente , Masculino , Estriado Ventral/fisiopatología , Estriado Ventral/diagnóstico por imagen , Depresión/fisiopatología , Adulto Joven , Giro del Cíngulo/fisiopatología , Giro del Cíngulo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Factores de Riesgo , Corteza Prefrontal/fisiopatología , Corteza Prefrontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Vías Nerviosas/fisiopatología , Escalas de Valoración PsiquiátricaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma is closely tied to adult depression, but the neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. Previous studies suggested associations between depression and large-scale brain networks such as the Ventral Attention Network (VAN) and Somatosensory Motor Network (SMN). This study hypothesized that functional connectivity (FC) within and between these networks mediates the link between childhood trauma and adult depression. METHODS: The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) assessed developmental experiences, and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) gauged depressive symptoms. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) analyzed FC within and between the VAN and SMN. RESULTS: Depression group exhibited significantly higher HAMD and CTQ scores, as well as elevated FC within the VAN and between the VAN and SMN (P < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between HAMD total score and FC within the VAN (P < 0.05, r = 0.35) and between the VAN and SMN (P < 0.05, r = 0.34), as well as with CTQ total score (P < 0.05, r = 0.27). Positive correlations were also observed between CTQ total score and FC within the VAN (P < 0.05, r = 0.31) and between the VAN and SMN (P < 0.05, r = 0.29). In the mediation model, FC within and between the VAN and SMN significantly mediated childhood trauma and depression. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design limits causal inference. The sample size for different trauma types is relatively small, urging caution in generalizing findings. CONCLUSIONS: The study underscores the association between depression severity, VAN dysfunction, abnormal VAN-SMN FC, and childhood trauma. These findings contribute to understanding the neurobiological mechanisms underlying childhood trauma and depression.
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Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/fisiopatología , Adulto , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Depresión/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Atención/fisiología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto Joven , Escalas de Valoración PsiquiátricaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Depressive symptoms during the perinatal period have broad and enduring health implications for birthing parents and their offspring. Rising prevalence rates of perinatal depression highlight the need for research examining factors influencing depressive symptoms during pregnancy, and trajectories during the early postnatal period. Grounded in bioecological systems theory, this longitudinal multimethod study examined whether prenatal bioecological factors predict depressive symptoms from pregnancy to 36 months postpartum. METHODS: Participants were 162 pregnant individuals, oversampled for high emotion dysregulation, who completed a life stress interview and physiological assessment during the 3rd trimester and a self-report measure of depression at five time-points (3rd trimester, within 48 h of birth, 7, 18, and 36 months postpartum). Multilevel models were used to test study aims. RESULTS: Participants exhibited the highest levels of depressive symptoms at 3rd trimester, and substantial variability in depressive symptom trajectories over time. Lower resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of parasympathetic nervous system functioning, in the 3rd trimester was associated with higher concurrent depressive symptoms. Higher levels of stress related to partner relationships, finances, and health were concurrently associated with more depressive symptoms during pregnancy and decreases in depressive symptoms over time. Specifically, depressive symptoms decreased only for individuals who reported high levels of stress during pregnancy. LIMITATIONS: Although grounded in bioecological systems theory, this study did not assess the macrosystem. CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study underscore the importance of multilevel predictors of perinatal health and highlights potential targets for preventing depression and promoting well-being during the perinatal transition.
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Depresión Posparto , Depresión , Complicaciones del Embarazo , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Estudios Longitudinales , Adulto , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/fisiopatología , Depresión Posparto/epidemiología , Depresión Posparto/psicología , Depresión Posparto/fisiopatología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/psicología , Complicaciones del Embarazo/epidemiología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/fisiopatología , Periodo Posparto/psicología , Tercer Trimestre del Embarazo , Arritmia Sinusal Respiratoria/fisiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Both low vagally-mediated heart rate variability (HRV) and depression have been shown to be risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We recently identified an HRV cutpoint below which persons have an increased risk for several cardiometabolic disorders. However, no cutpoint exists to identify those at risk for depression. METHODS: The association between daytime HRV and diagnostically validated depression cutoffs using the five-item World Health Organization Well-being Index (WHO-5) was examined in adults from the Mannheim Industrial Cohort Study (n = 9973; Mage = 41.9[10.9]; 20 % women [n = 1934]). The aim was to identify HRV cutpoints for individuals who may have clinical depression. RESULTS: Regression adjusting for age, sex, and linear trend showed a significant quadratic association between depression, indexed by WHO-5 scores and HRV, indexed by the root mean square successive differences (RMSSD) in milliseconds (ms) (p < 0.001). Logistic regression models adjusting for age, sex, and heart period (i.e., inter-beat intervals) compared the clinically depressed (WHO-5 ≤ 28) and those with a screening diagnosis of depression (WHO-5 ≤ 50) to the rest of the population. Significant odds ratios suggested two RMSSD values 25 ± 2 ms (OR = 1.39 [1.17, 1.64]) and 35 ± 2 ms (OR = 1.17 [1.02, 1.34]) that may be used to identify those with an elevated risk for depression. LIMITATIONS: The sample was primarily German men. Fitness and anti-depressant use were not available. CONCLUSIONS: As HRV is a brief measure that can be used in clinical settings, our HRV cutpoints have implications for the early detection of those at risk for psychological and cardiometabolic disorders.
Asunto(s)
Depresión , Frecuencia Cardíaca , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiología , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Depresión/fisiopatología , Depresión/diagnóstico , Nervio Vago/fisiopatología , Nervio Vago/fisiología , Factores de Riesgo , Trastorno Depresivo/fisiopatología , Trastorno Depresivo/diagnóstico , Alemania , Estudios de Cohortes , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Anhedonia is an enduring symptom of subthreshold depression (StD) and predict later onset of major depressive disorder (MDD). Brain structural covariance describes the inter-regional distribution of morphological changes compared to healthy controls (HC) and reflects brain maturation and disease progression. We investigated neural correlates of anhedonia from the structural covariance. METHODS: T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance images were acquired from 79 young adults (26 StD, 30 MDD, and 23 HC). Intra-individual structural covariance networks of 68 cortical surface area (CSAs), 68 cortical thicknesses (CTs), and 14 subcortical volumes were constructed. Group-level hubs and principal edges were defined using the global and regional graph metrics, compared between groups, and examined for the association with anhedonia severity. RESULTS: Global network metrics were comparable among the StD, MDD, and HC. StD exhibited lower centralities of left pallidal volume than HC. StD showed higher centralities than HC in the CSAs of right rostral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and pars triangularis, and in the CT of left pars orbitalis. Less anhedonia was associated with higher centralities of left pallidum and right amygdala, higher edge betweenness centralities in the structural covariance (EBSC) of left postcentral gyrus-parahippocampal gyrus and LIPL-right amygdala. More anhedonia was associated with higher centralities of left inferior parietal lobule (LIPL), left postcentral gyrus, left caudal ACC, and higher EBSC of LIPL-left postcentral gyrus, LIPL-right lateral occipital gyrus, and left caudal ACC-parahippocampal gyrus. LIMITATIONS: This study has a cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS: Structural covariance of brain morphologies within the salience and limbic networks, and among the salience-limbic-default mode-somatomotor-visual networks, are possible neural correlates of anhedonia in depression.
Asunto(s)
Anhedonia , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Humanos , Anhedonia/fisiología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/diagnóstico por imagen , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/fisiopatología , Trastorno Depresivo Mayor/patología , Adulto , Depresión/diagnóstico por imagen , Depresión/fisiopatología , Corteza Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Corteza Cerebral/patología , Corteza Cerebral/fisiopatología , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/patología , Encéfalo/fisiopatología , Amígdala del Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagen , Amígdala del Cerebelo/patología , Amígdala del Cerebelo/fisiopatología , Giro del Cíngulo/diagnóstico por imagen , Giro del Cíngulo/patología , Giro del Cíngulo/fisiopatología , Red Nerviosa/diagnóstico por imagen , Red Nerviosa/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inflammation is an established contributor to the pathophysiology of depression and the prevalence of depression in those with chronic inflammatory disease is two- to four-fold higher than the general population. Yet little is known about the neurobiological changes that confer depression or resilience to depression, that occur when episodes of heightened inflammation are frequent or span many years. METHODS: We used an innovative combination of longitudinal resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging coupled to segmental bronchial provocation with allergen (SBP-Ag) to assess changes in resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) of the salience network (SN) caused by an acute inflammatory exacerbation in twenty-six adults (15 female) with asthma and varying levels of depressive symptoms. Eosinophils measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and blood provided an index of allergic inflammation and the Beck Depression Inventory provided an index of depressive symptoms. RESULTS: We found that in those with the highest symptoms of depression at baseline, SN rsFC declined most from pre- to post-SBP-Ag in the context of a robust eosinophilic response to challenge, but in those with low depressive symptoms SN rsFC was maintained or increased, even in those with the most pronounced SBP-Ag response. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, the maintenance of SN rsFC during inflammation may be a biomarker of resilience to depression, perhaps via more effective orchestration of large-scale brain network dynamics by the SN. These findings advance our understanding of the functional role of the SN during inflammation and inform treatment recommendations for those with comorbid inflammatory disease and depression.