RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Bacteria and their byproducts are key contributors to the onset and perpetuation of pulpoperiapical pathosis. Intracanal medication is vital in achieving successful endodontic outcomes as it targets and eradicates remaining microorganisms following biomechanical preparation. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide (CH) paste, triple antibiotic paste (TAP), and probiotics (PBs) as intracanal medicament in 12-17-year-old children undergoing root canal treatment for the management of infected pulpal tissues in young permanent teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients aged 12-17 years indicated for endodontic therapy in maxillary incisors and with no systemic complications were selected. They were randomly divided into three groups, i.e., Group I - CH group, Group II - TAP, and Group III - PB allocating 10 teeth in each group. After access opening, the first sample (S1) was collected by inserting a paper point into the root canal, the second sample (S2) was collected immediately after biomechanical preparation, and the third sample (S3) was collected after 7 days, i.e., postintracanal medication. Samples were sent for microbiological analysis to assess the microbial count, and statistical analysis was done for the obtained data. RESULTS: The three intracanal medicaments were successful in reducing the microbial counts of Enterococcus faecalis in the infected root canals. However, according to the results of the study, the PB group demonstrated greater effectiveness against E. faecalis compared to the CH group and displayed similar antimicrobial efficacy as the TAP group. CONCLUSION: PB exhibited antimicrobial efficacy comparable to TAP but greater than Ca (OH) 2 paste. Hence, PB can be utilized as an intracanal medicament in young permanent teeth.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Hidróxido de Calcio , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular , Humanos , Adolescente , Niño , Hidróxido de Calcio/uso terapéutico , Hidróxido de Calcio/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/farmacología , Irrigantes del Conducto Radicular/uso terapéutico , Probióticos/uso terapéutico , Dentición Permanente , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Ciprofloxacina/uso terapéutico , Incisivo , Masculino , Metronidazol/farmacología , Metronidazol/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Tratamiento del Conducto Radicular/métodos , Combinación de Medicamentos

RESUMEN

Water pollution involves the coexistence of microplastics (MPs) and traditional pollutants, and how can MPs influence the adsorption of other pollutants by biochar during the treatment process remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of polystyrene microplastics (PS MPs) on the adsorption of cadmium (Cd) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) by magnetic biochar (MTBC) in the single and binary systems. MTBC was prepared using tea leaf litter; the effects of time, pH, and salt ions on the adsorption behaviors were investigated; and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS) and density flooding theory analysis were conducted to elucidate the influence mechanisms. Results indicated that PS MPs reduced the pollutants adsorption by MTBC due to the heterogeneous aggregation between PS MPs and MTBC and the surface charge change of MTBC induced by PS MPs. The effects of PS MPs on heavy metals and antibiotics adsorption were distinctly different. PS MPs reduced Cd adsorption on MTBC, which were significantly influenced by the solution pH and salt ions contents, suggesting the participation of electrostatic interaction and ion exchange in the adsorption, whereas the effects of PS MPs on CIP adsorption were inconspicuous. In the hybrid system, PS MPs reduced pollutants adsorption by MTBC with 66.3% decrease for Cd and 12.8% decrease for CIP, and the more remarkable reduction for Cd was due to the predominated physical adsorption, and CIP adsorption was mainly a stable chemisorption. The influence of PS MPs could be resulted from the interaction between PS MPs and MTBC with changing the functional groups and electrostatic potential of MTBC. This study demonstrated that when using biochar to decontaminate wastewater, it is imperative to consider the antagonistic action of MPs, especially for heavy metal removal. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Magnetic biochar (MTBC) was prepared successfully using tea leaf litter. MTBC could be used for cadmium (Cd) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal. Polystyrene microplastics (Ps MPs) reduced Cd/CIP adsorption by MTBC. Ps MPs effects on Cd adsorption were more obvious than that of CIP. Ps MPs changed the functional groups and electrostatic potential of MTBC, thus influencing MTBC adsorption.

Asunto(s)

Cadmio , Carbón Orgánico , Ciprofloxacina , Microplásticos , Hojas de la Planta , Poliestirenos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Cadmio/química , Poliestirenos/química , Carbón Orgánico/química , Adsorción , Ciprofloxacina/química , Microplásticos/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Té/química

RESUMEN

Antibiotic residues have been found in several aquatic ecosystems as a result of the widespread use of antibiotics in recent years, which poses a major risk to both human health and the environment. At present, photocatalytic degradation is the most effective and environmentally friendly method. Titanium silicon molecular sieve (TS-1) has been widely used as an industrial catalyst, but its photocatalytic application in wastewater treatment is limited due to its small pores and few active sites. In this paper, we report a method for preparing multistage porous TS-1 with a high specific surface area by alkali treatment. In the photocatalytic removal of CIP (ciprofloxacin) antibiotic wastewater experiments, the alkali-treated catalyst showed better performance in terms of interfacial charge transfer efficiency, which was 2.3 times higher than that of TS-1 synthesized by the conventional method, and it was found to maintain better catalytic performance in the actual water source. In addition, this research studied the effects of solution pH, contaminant concentration, and catalyst dosage on CIP degradation, while liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to identify intermediates in the degradation process and infer possible degradation pathways and the toxicity of CIP, and its degradation product was also analyzed using ECOSAR 2.2 software, and most of the intermediates were found to be nontoxic and nonharmful. Finally, a 3:5:1 artificial neural network model was established based on the experiments, and the relative importance of the influence of experimental conditions on the degradation rate was determined. The above results confirmed the feasibility and applicability of photocatalytic treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics using visible light excitation alkali post-treatment TS-1, which provided technical support and a theoretical basis for the photocatalytic treatment of wastewater containing antibiotics.

Asunto(s)

Redes Neurales de la Computación , Titanio , Catálisis/efectos de la radiación , Titanio/química , Titanio/efectos de la radiación , Porosidad , Antibacterianos/química , Silicio/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Procesos Fotoquímicos , Ciprofloxacina/química , Aguas Residuales/química , Fotólisis/efectos de la radiación

RESUMEN

Antibacterial resistance requires an advanced strategy to increase the efficacy of current therapeutics in addition to the synthesis of new generations of antibiotics. In this study, copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) were green synthesized using Moringa oleifera root extract. CuO-NPs fabricated into a form of aspartic acid-ciprofloxacin-polyethylene glycol coated copper oxide-nanotherapeutics (CIP-PEG-CuO) to improve the antibacterial activity of NPs and the efficacy of the drug with controlled cytotoxicity. These NPs were charachterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-rays diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Antibacterial screening and bacterial chemotaxis investigations demonstrated that CIP-PEG-CuO NPs show enhanced antibacterial potential against Gram-positive and Gram-negative clinically isolated pathogenic bacterial strains as compared to CuO-NPs. In ex-vivo cytotoxicity CIP-PEG-CuO-nano-formulates revealed 88% viability of Baby Hamster Kidney 21 cell lines and 90% RBCs remained intact with nano-formulations during hemolysis assay. An in-vivo studies on animal models show that Staphylococcus aureus were eradicated by this newly developed formulate from the infected skin and showed wound-healing properties. By using specially designed nanoparticles that are engineered to precisely transport antimicrobial agents, these efficient nano-drug delivery systems can target localized infections, ensure targeted delivery, enhance efficacy through increased drug penetration through physical barriers, and reduce systemic side effects for more effective treatment.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Ciprofloxacina , Cobre , Polietilenglicoles , Staphylococcus aureus , Cobre/química , Cobre/farmacología , Polietilenglicoles/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Ciprofloxacina/química , Tecnología Química Verde , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Nanopartículas del Metal/química , Línea Celular , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Moringa oleifera/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Nanopartículas/química , Cricetinae

RESUMEN

The growth of (multi)drug resistance in bacteria is among the most urgent global health issues. Monocationic amphiphilic α-hydrazido acid derivatives are structurally simple mimics of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with fewer drawbacks. Their mechanism of membrane permeabilization at subtoxic concentrations was found to begin with an initial electrostatic attraction of isolated amphiphile molecules to the phospholipid heads, followed by a rapid insertion of the apolar portions. As the accumulation into the bilayer proceeded, the membrane increased its fluidity and permeability without being subjected to major structural damage. After having ascertained that α-hydrazido acid amphiphiles do not interact with bacterial DNA, they were subjected to synergy evaluation for combinations with conventional antibiotics. Synergy was observed for combinations with tetracycline against sensitive S. aureus and E. coli, as well as with ciprofloxacin and colistin against resistant strains. Additivity with a remarkable recovery in activity of conventional antibiotics (from 2-fold to ≥32-fold) together with largely subtoxic concentrations of α-hydrazido acid derivatives was found for combinations with ciprofloxacin toward susceptible S. aureus and methicillin toward MRSa. However, no potentiation of conventional antibiotics was observed for combinations with linezolid and gentamicin against the corresponding resistant S. aureus and E. coli strains.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Escherichia coli , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Staphylococcus aureus , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/química , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Ciprofloxacina/química , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/efectos de los fármacos , Colistina/farmacología , Colistina/química

RESUMEN

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) which include antibiotics such as tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), etc., have attracted increasing attention worldwide due to their potential threat to the aquatic environment and human health. In this work, a facile sol-gel method was developed to prepare tungsten-doped TiO2 with tunable W5+/W6+ ratio for the removal of PPCPs. The influence of solvents in the synthesis of the three different tungsten precursors doped TiO2 is also taken into account. WCl6, ammonium metatungstate (AMT), and Na2WO4●2H2O not only acted as the tungsten precursors but also controlled the tungsten ratio. The photocatalyst prepared by WCl6 as the tungsten precursor and ethanol as the solvent showed the highest photodegradation performance for ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TC), and the photodegradation performance for tetracycline (TC) was 2.3, 2.8, and 7.8 times that of AMT, Na2WO4●2H2O as the tungsten precursors and pristine TiO2, respectively. These results were attributed to the influence of the tungsten precursors and solvents on the W5+/W6+ ratio, sample crystallinity and surface properties. This study provides an effective method for the design of tungsten-doped TiO2 with tunable W5+/W6+ ratio, which has a profound impact on future studies in the field of photocatalytic degradation of PPCPs using an environmentally friendly approach.

Asunto(s)

Cosméticos , Solventes , Titanio , Tungsteno , Titanio/química , Tungsteno/química , Catálisis , Solventes/química , Cosméticos/química , Fotólisis , Ciprofloxacina/química , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/química , Tetraciclina/química , Procesos Fotoquímicos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química

RESUMEN

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a pathogen of major concern in the global rise of antimicrobial resistance and has been implicated as a reservoir for the transfer of resistance genes between species. The upregulation of efflux pumps is a particularly concerning mechanism of resistance acquisition as, in many instances, a single point mutation can simultaneously provide resistance to a range of antimicrobials and biocides. The current study investigated mutations in oqxR, which encodes a negative regulator of the RND-family efflux pump genes, oqxAB, natively found in the chromosome of K. pneumoniae. Resistant mutants in four K. pneumoniae strains (KP6870155, NTUH-K2044, SGH10, and ATCC43816) were selected from single exposures to 30 µg/mL chloramphenicol and 12 mutants were selected for whole genome sequencing to identify mutations associated with resistance. Resistant mutants generated by single exposures to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, or ciprofloxacin at ≥4 X MIC were replica plated onto all three antibiotics to observe simultaneous cross-resistance to all compounds, indicative of a multidrug resistance phenotype. A variety of novel mutations, including single point mutations, deletions, and insertions, were found to disrupt oqxR leading to significant and simultaneous increases in resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin. The oqxAB-oqxR locus has been mobilized and dispersed on plasmids in many Enterobacteriaceae species and the diversity of these loci was examined to evaluate the evolutionary pressures acting on these genes. Comparison of the promoter regions of oqxR in plasmid-borne copies of the oqxR-oqxAB operon indicated that some constructs may produce truncated versions of the oqxR transcript, which may impact on oqxAB regulation and expression. In some instances, co-carriage of chromosomal and plasmid encoded oqxAB-oqxR was found in K. pneumoniae, implying that there is selective pressure to maintain and expand the efflux pump. Given that OqxR is a repressor of oqxAB, any mutation affecting its expression or function can lead to multidrug resistance. This is in contrast to antibiotic target site mutations that must occur in limited sequence space to be effective and not impact the fitness of the cell. Therefore, oqxR may act as a simple genetic switch to facilitate resistance via OqxAB mediated efflux.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Proteínas Bacterianas , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Cloranfenicol/farmacología , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Infecciones por Klebsiella/microbiología , Klebsiella pneumoniae/genética , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Membrana/metabolismo , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Mutación , Tetraciclina/farmacología , Secuenciación Completa del Genoma

RESUMEN

The emission of glyphosate and antibiotic residues from human activities threatens the diversity and functioning of the microbial community. This study examines the impact of a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) and common antibiotics on Gram-negative bacteria within the ESKAPEE group (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli). Ten strains, including type and multidrug-resistant strains for each species were analysed and eight antibiotics (cefotaxime, meropenem, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tigecycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and colistin) were combined with the GBH. While most combinations yielded additive or indifferent effects in 70 associations, antagonistic effects were observed with ciprofloxacin and gentamicin in five strains. GBH notably decreased the minimum inhibitory concentration of colistin in eight strains and displayed synergistic activity with meropenem against metallo-ß-lactamase (MBL)-producing strains. Investigation into the effect of GBH properties on outer membrane permeability involved exposing strains to a combination of this GBH and vancomycin. Results indicated that GBH rendered strains sensitive to vancomycin, which is typically ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria. Furthermore, we examined the impact of GBH in combination with three carbapenem agents on 14 strains exhibiting varying carbapenem-resistance mechanisms to assess its effect on carbapenemase activity. The GBH efficiently inhibited MBL activity, demonstrating similar effects to EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). Chelating effect of GBH may have multifaceted impacts on bacterial cells, potentially by increasing outer membrane permeability and inactivating metalloenzyme activity.

Asunto(s)

Acinetobacter baumannii , Antibacterianos , Glicina , Glifosato , Bacterias Gramnegativas , Herbicidas , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Glicina/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Herbicidas/farmacología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Acinetobacter baumannii/efectos de los fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana Múltiple/efectos de los fármacos , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Enterococcus faecium/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Colistina/farmacología , Vancomicina/farmacología , Enterobacter/efectos de los fármacos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Meropenem/farmacología , Fenotipo , Gentamicinas/farmacología

RESUMEN

Antibiotics, as emerging persistent pollutants, pose significant threats to human health. The effective and low-cost removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) from wastewater has become an important research focus. In this study, fly ash (FA) was used as the raw material, and modified fly ash (MFA) was prepared by varying microwave power, alkali concentration, and immersion time to investigate its adsorption characteristics for CIP. Results showed that the optimal preparation conditions for MFA with the most effective adsorption of CIP, using the Box-Behnken response surface methodology, were a microwave power of 480 W, an alkali concentration of 1.5 mol/L, and a modification time of 3 h. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that after modification, the glassy structure of FA is destroyed, the specific surface area is increased, and obvious hydroxyl O-H absorption peaks appear. Both FA and MFA exhibited adsorption processes for CIP that conformed to pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir equation. Maximum adsorption of CIP (9.61 and 12.67 mg/g) was achieved at pH = 6. With increasing temperature, the adsorption capacity of both FA and MFA for CIP decreased, indicating an exothermic process. The adsorption capacity of CIP decreased with increasing ion concentration, with the impact order of ions being Al3+ > Ca2+ > Na+. The results show that pore filling, electrostatic interaction, ion exchange and complexation are the main ways of CIP adsorption by FA. Microwave alkali modified fly ash is an economical and efficient adsorbent for CIP removal in water, realizing the purpose of "treating waste with waste". This study provides a scientific basis for controlling CIP treatment in wastewater.

Asunto(s)

Ciprofloxacina , Ceniza del Carbón , Microondas , Aguas Residuales , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Ceniza del Carbón/química , Aguas Residuales/química , Ciprofloxacina/química , Adsorción , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Álcalis/química , Cinética , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Antibacterianos/química

RESUMEN

Chitosan possesses electron-rich amino (-NH2) and hydroxyl (-OH) moieties which can anchor with transition metal ions during synthesis. Herein, chitosan was employed as an additive to prepare bismuth ferrite (BFO) via hydrothermal approach. The characterization studies revealed that adding chitosan during BFO synthesis leads to the creation of more oxygen vacancies. The performance of chitosan modified BFO (CMB) was evaluated as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator for ciprofloxacin (CIP) removal. Apparently, the addition of 10 wt% chitosan during BFO synthesis (CMB-10) resulted in 1.7 times increase of performance compared to the pristine BFO. Increasing the catalyst loading and PMS dosage resulted in positive effect with 5.7 and 1.9 times rate enhancement, respectively. The CMB-10 exhibited tolerance against pH variation, water matrix, and interfering species. The scavenging experiments indicated that singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide radicals (O2•-) and sulfate radicals (SO4•-) played a major role in CIP degradation. These reactive oxygen species were generated from PMS activation via Fe3+/Fe2+ and Bi5+/Bi3+ coupling, and oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surface. The CIP degradation pathways were also elucidated based on the detected CIP intermediates. Overall, this study provides insights into the use of chitosan to prepare sustainable materials for pollutants removal via PMS activation.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Bismuto , Quitosano , Compuestos Férricos , Peróxidos , Quitosano/química , Bismuto/química , Catálisis , Compuestos Férricos/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Peróxidos/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Ciprofloxacina/química , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno

RESUMEN

Husks of rice (RH), coffee (CH), and cholupa (CLH) were used to produce natural adsorbents. The natural adsorbents were used to remove pharmaceuticals such as diclofenac, ciprofloxacin, and acetaminophen in a mixture of distilled water. However, CH stood out for its efficiency in removing ciprofloxacin (74%) due to the higher concentration of acidic groups, as indicated by the Boehm method. In addition, CH removed 86% of ciprofloxacin individually. Therefore, CH was selected and used to remove other fluoroquinolones, such as levofloxacin and Norfloxacin. Although electrostatic interactions favored removals, better removal was observed for ciprofloxacin due to its smaller molecular volume. Then, ciprofloxacin was selected, and the effect of pH, matrix, and adsorbent doses were evaluated. In this way, using a pH of 6.2 in urine with a dose of 1.5 g L-1, it is possible to adsorb CIP concentrations in the range (0.0050-0.42 mmol L-1). Subsequently, the high R2 values and low percentages of APE and Δq indicated better fits for pseudo-second-order kinetics, suggesting a two-stage adsorption. At the same time, the Langmuir isotherm recommends a monolayer adsorption with a Qm of 25.2 mg g-1. In addition, a cost of 0.373 USD/g CIP was estimated for the process, where the material can be reused up to 4 times with a CIP removal in the urine of 51%. Consequently, thermodynamics analysis showed an exothermic and spontaneous process with high disorder. Furthermore, changes in FTIR analysis after adsorption suggest that CH in removing CIP in urine involves electrostatic attractions, hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. In addition, the life cycle analysis presents, for the 11 categories evaluated, a lower environmental impact of the CIP removal in urine with CH than for the preparation of adsorbent, confirming that the adsorption process is more environmentally friendly than materials synthesis or other alternatives of treatments. Furthermore, future directions of the study based on real applications were proposed.

Asunto(s)

Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Adsorción , Cinética , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ciprofloxacina/química , Ciprofloxacina/orina , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/química , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/análisis , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/orina

RESUMEN

The rise of antibiotic tolerance in bacteria harboring genetic elements conferring resistance to antibiotics poses an increasing threat to public health. However, the primary factors responsible for the emergence of antibiotic tolerance and the fundamental molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly comprehended. Here, we demonstrate that the commonly utilized food additive Benzaldehyde (BZH) possesses the capacity to induce a significant level of fluoroquinolone tolerance in vitro among resistant Escherichia coli. Our findings from animal models reveal that the pre-administration of BZH results in an ineffective eradication of bacteria through ciprofloxacin treatment, leading to similar survival rates and bacterial loads as observed in the control group. These results strongly indicate that BZH elicits in vivo tolerance. Mechanistic investigations reveal several key factors: BZH inhibits the formation of bacterial flagella and releases proton motive force (PMF), which aids in expelling antibiotics from within cells to reducing their accumulation inside. In addition, BZH suppresses bacterial respiration and inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, exogenous pyruvate successfully reverses BZH-induced tolerance and restores the effectiveness of antibiotics, highlighting how crucial the pyruvate cycle is in combating antibiotic tolerance. The present findings elucidate the underlying mechanisms of BZH-induced tolerance and highlight potential hazards associated with the utilization of BZH.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Benzaldehídos , Escherichia coli , Flagelos , Benzaldehídos/farmacología , Flagelos/efectos de los fármacos , Flagelos/metabolismo , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Animales , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/genética , Aditivos Alimentarios/farmacología , Aditivos Alimentarios/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana

RESUMEN

Ciprofloxacin is a critically important antibiotic for human health. The increase of Escherichia coli resistance to ciprofloxacin is a global public health problem due to its importance in the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections and other serious infections; however, its prescription is high in the Colombian Caribbean. The objective was to determine the resistance trend of E. coli to ciprofloxacin in a Colombian hospital of high complexity. From antibiogram reports, isolates were categorized according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute criteria for each year studied; proportions were calculated and differences in sensitivity were explored using the χ2 test. The Cochran-Armitage test was used to evaluate the resistance trend. Significance was considered when p-value ≤ 0.05. In total, 6,848 isolates were analyzed, and 49.31% resistance was found. According to origin, the highest resistance was in community samples (51.96% - 95%CI: 50.51; 53.41), and by type of sample, in skin and tissues (61.76% - 95%CI: 56.96; 66.35) and urine (48.97% - 95%CI: 47.71; 50.23). Increasing trends were observed for resistance per year (p < 0.0001), community samples (p = 0.0002) and urine (p < 0.0001). Resistance to ciprofloxacin is high and tends to increase in the community and in urine, exceeding the limit established for its use at the ambulatory level, which is of concern due to the high prescription of fluoroquinolones in the locality.

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La ciprofloxacina es un antibiótico de importancia crítica para la salud humana. El aumento de la resistencia de Escherichia coli a ciprofloxacina es un problema de salud pública global por su importancia en el tratamiento de infecciones urinarias complicadas y otras infecciones graves; sin embargo, su prescripción es alta en el caribe colombiano. El objetivo fue determinar la tendencia de resistencia de E. coli a ciprofloxacina en un hospital colombiano de alta complejidad. A partir de reportes de antibiogramas, los aislados fueron categorizados según los criterios del Instituto de Normas Clínicas y de Laboratorio de los Estados Unidos para cada año estudiado; se calcularon proporciones y se exploraron diferencias en la sensibilidad con pruebas χ2. Se utilizó la prueba de Cochran-Armitage para evaluar la tendencia de la resistencia. Valores de p ≤ 0,05 se consideraron significativos. Se analizaron 6.848 aislados, encontrándose una resistencia de 49,31%. Según el origen, la resistencia más alta fue en muestras comunitarias (51,96% - IC95%: 50,51; 53,41), y por tipo de muestra, en piel y tejidos (61,76% - IC95%: 56,96; 66,35) y orina (48,97% - IC95%: 47,71; 50,23). Se halló una tendencia al aumento en la resistencia por año (p < 0,0001), en muestras comunitarias (p = 0,0002) y en orina (p < 0,0001). La resistencia a ciprofloxacina es alta y tiende al aumento en comunidad y en orina, superando el límite establecido para su uso a nivel ambulatorio, lo que es preocupante por la alta prescripción de fluoroquinolonas en la localidad.

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A ciprofloxacina é um antibiótico extremamente importante para a saúde humana. O aumento da resistência da Escherichia coli à ciprofloxacina é um problema de saúde pública global devido à sua importância no tratamento de infecções complicadas do trato urinário e outras infecções graves; no entanto, sua prescrição é alta no caribe colombiano. O objetivo foi determinar a tendência de resistência da E. coli à ciprofloxacina em um hospital colombiano de alta complexidade. A partir de relatórios de antibiogramas, os isolados foram categorizados de acordo com os critérios do Instituto de Padrões Clínicos e Laboratoriais dos Estados Unidos para cada ano estudado; as proporções foram calculadas e as diferenças de sensibilidade foram exploradas com os testes χ2. O teste de Cochran-Armitage foi usado para avaliar a tendência de resistência. Os valores de p ≤ 0,05 foram considerados significativos. Um total de 6.848 isolados foi testado e foi encontrada uma taxa de resistência de 49,31%. Por origem, a resistência foi mais alta em amostras comunitárias (51,96% - IC95%: 50,51; 53,41) e, por tipo de amostra, em pele e tecidos (61,76% - IC95%: 56,96; 66,35) e urina (48,97% - IC95%: 47,71; 50,23). Foi encontrada uma tendência de aumento na resistência por ano (p < 0,0001), em amostras da comunidade (p = 0,0002) e na urina (p < 0,0001). A resistência à ciprofloxacina é alta e tende a aumentar na comunidade e na urina, excedendo o limite estabelecido para uso ambulatorial, o que é preocupante, dada a alta prescrição de fluoroquinolonas na localidade.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Ciprofloxacina , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Escherichia coli , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Humanos , Colombia/epidemiología , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Escherichia coli/aislamiento & purificación , Estudios Transversales , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/epidemiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Infecciones Urinarias/microbiología , Infecciones Urinarias/tratamiento farmacológico

RESUMEN

The extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESßLs) are bacterial enzymes capable of hydrolyzing penicillins, cephalosporins, and aztreonam. The prevalence of ESßL is increasing among clinically significant microorganisms worldwide, drastically reducing the therapeutic management of infectious diseases. The study aimed to determine the drug susceptibility of ESßL-positive clinical isolates acquired from patients hospitalized in Lodz, central Poland, and analyze the prevalence of specific genes, determining acquired resistance in these bacteria. The samples of ESßL-positive clinical isolates were gathered in 2022 from medical microbiological laboratories in the city of Lodz, central Poland. The strains were subjected to biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing following EUCAST guidelines. The presence of studied genes (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM, blaPER, blaVEB) was confirmed by PCR. Over 50% of studied isolates were resistant to gentamicin, cefepime, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. The most common ESßL gene was blaCTX-M. In most isolates, the resistance genes occurred simultaneously. The blaPER was not detected in any of the tested strains. ESßL-producing strains are largely susceptible to the currently available antibiotics. The observation of the coexistence of different genes in most clinical isolates is alarming.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae , Enterobacteriaceae , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , beta-Lactamasas , Humanos , beta-Lactamasas/genética , beta-Lactamasas/metabolismo , Polonia/epidemiología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiología , Infecciones por Enterobacteriaceae/tratamiento farmacológico , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/efectos de los fármacos , Enterobacteriaceae/aislamiento & purificación , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimología , Epidemiología Molecular , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología

RESUMEN

The research outlined a novel approach for creating a sensitive and efficient ratio fluorescent probe for ciprofloxacin (CIP) detection. The method used the biomass materials passionfruit shell and diethylenetriamine as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, to prepare blue fluorescent carbon quantum dots (b-CQDs) with an average size of 3.29 nm and a quantum yield of 19.6% by a hydrothermal method. The newly designed b-CQDs/riboflavin ratio fluorescent probe demonstrates a distinct advantage for CIP monitoring, exhibiting a marked increase in fluorescence intensity at 445 nm upon interaction with CIP, while maintaining a stable intensity at 510 nm. In the water system, the I445 nm/I510 nm ratio of the fluorescent probe showed a significant linear relationship with CIP at the concentrations of 0-250 µmol·L-1, and the probe boasts a low detection limit of 0.86 µmol·L-1. The outstanding selectivity, broad detection range, low detection limits, and high quantum yield of the b-CQDs highlight their significant potential in the development of advanced sensing probes for efficient detection of ciprofloxacin, offering promising insights for future sensor technology advancements.

Asunto(s)

Carbono , Ciprofloxacina , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Puntos Cuánticos , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Ciprofloxacina/análisis , Ciprofloxacina/química , Ciprofloxacina/sangre , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Carbono/química , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Límite de Detección

RESUMEN

Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax, is among the most likely bacterial pathogens to be used in a biological attack. Inhalation anthrax is a serious, life-threatening form of infection, and the mortality from acute inhaled anthrax can approach 100% if not treated early and aggressively. Food and Drug Administration-approved antibiotics indicated for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) or treatment of anthrax are limited. This study assessed the in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of omadacycline and comparators against clinical isolates of B. anthracis, including a ciprofloxacin-resistant isolate. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of omadacycline, ciprofloxacin, and doxycycline were determined against animal and human clinical isolates of B. anthracis, including the ciprofloxacin-resistant Ames strain BACr4-2. Mice were challenged with aerosolized BACr4-2 spores, and survival was monitored for 28 days post-challenge. Treatment was initiated 24 h after aerosol challenge and administered for 14 days. Omadacycline demonstrated in vitro activity against 53 B. anthracis isolates with an MIC range of ≤0.008-0.25 µg/mL, and an MIC50/MIC90 of 0.015/0.03 µg/mL. Consistent with this, omadacycline demonstrated in vivo efficacy in a PEP mouse model of inhalation anthrax caused by the Ames BACr4-2 ciprofloxacin-resistant B. anthracis isolate. Omadacycline treatment significantly increased survival compared with the vehicle control group and the ciprofloxacin treatment group. As antibiotic resistance rates continue to rise worldwide, omadacycline may offer an alternative PEP or treatment option against inhalation anthrax, including anthrax caused by antibiotic-resistant B. anthracis.

Asunto(s)

Carbunco , Antibacterianos , Bacillus anthracis , Ciprofloxacina , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Tetraciclinas , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Bacillus anthracis/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Carbunco/tratamiento farmacológico , Carbunco/microbiología , Carbunco/mortalidad , Ratones , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Tetraciclinas/farmacología , Tetraciclinas/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Doxiciclina/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Humanos , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio

RESUMEN

Ciprofloxacin (CIP), a commonly used antibiotic, is frequently detected in water bodies and the natural environment. The profound health consequences of CIP have led to growing attention focusing on environmental concerns. Adsorption is highly preferred because of its adaptability and remarkable efficiency in removing CIP. Therefore, the current work focuses on synthesizing an eco-friendly and economical adsorbent for removing CIP. The work aims to remove CIP using zeolite X (ZX), synthesized from dolochar, and subsequently modified ZX into iron-modified zeolite X (FeZX) via ion exchange. The synthesized FeZX had a crystallinity of 82.701%, an average pore size of 5.917 nm, a micropore volume of 0.298 cc/g, a micropore area of 451.807 m2/g, and a total surface area of 478.521 m2/g. The effect of parameters such as initial CIP concentration, pH, contact period, adsorbent dosage, and iron dosage was analyzed in the batch adsorption studies of CIP using ZX and FeZX. CIP removal of 37.786% was achieved using ZX; hence, the adsorption parameters were optimized to maximize the CIP removal using response surface methodology (RSM), specifically Box-Behnken Design (BBD) using FeZX. Maximum removal of 97.974% was achieved under optimum conditions of 8.06 pH, contact period of 59.422 min, CIP concentration of 17.117 mg/L, and adsorbent dosage of 0.478 g/L. Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models were the most accurate representations of the experimental data. The findings indicate the significance of using this iron-modified mesoporous zeolite as an adsorbent for efficiently treating CIP wastewater.

Asunto(s)

Ciprofloxacina , Residuos Industriales , Hierro , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Zeolitas , Zeolitas/química , Ciprofloxacina/química , Adsorción , Hierro/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Cinética

RESUMEN

This study developed a continuous reactor system employing a hybrid hydrogel composite synthesized using a complex sludge microbiome and an adsorbent (HSA). This HSA-based system effectively eliminated the environmental risks associated with a mixture of the antibiotics ciprofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole, which exhibited higher toxicity in combination than individually at environmentally relevant levels. Analytical chemistry experiments revealed the in-situ generation of various byproducts (BPs) within the bioreactor system, with two of these BPs recording toxicity levels that surpassed those of their parent compound. The HSA approach successfully prevented the functional microbiome from being washed out of the reactor, while HSA efficiently removed antibiotic residues in their original and BP forms through synergistic adsorptive and biotransformation mechanisms, ultimately reducing the overall ecotoxicity. The use of HSA thus demonstrates promise not only as a mean to reduce the threat posed by toxic antibiotic residues to aquatic ecosystems but also as a practical solution to operational challenges, such as biomass loss/washout, that are frequently encountered in various environmental bioprocesses.

Asunto(s)

Antibacterianos , Reactores Biológicos , Ciprofloxacina , Microbiota , Aguas del Alcantarillado , Sulfametoxazol , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/toxicidad , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Sulfametoxazol/toxicidad , Ciprofloxacina/toxicidad , Ciprofloxacina/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/toxicidad , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/química , Aguas del Alcantarillado/microbiología , Adsorción , Carbón Orgánico/química , Hidrogeles/química

RESUMEN

Nanocellulose is a potential material utilized in numerous biomedical applications. However, its hydrophilic characteristic and uncontrolled encapsulated drug release hinders nanocellulose uses in oral drug administration. Thus, this work developed novel nanocellulose/alginate composite (CNC/Alg) beads for oral delivery and bioavailability enhancement of a model drug, Ciprofloxacin (CIP). CNC was green synthesized employing electrolysis process from sugarcane bagasse. CNC/Alg beads were formulated by dropwise adding CNC-Alg mixture in CaCl2 solution at room temperature. CIP was incorporated into CNC/Alg beads by adsorption technique. X-ray diffractometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectra images showed that the beads were effectively produced with high crystallinity of 75.5 %, and the typical bond of cellulose and alginate. Within 4 h of adsorption, CIP loading efficiency reached 45.27 %, with 87.2 % molecules in the zwitterionic state. The adsorption followed Elovich and pseudo-second-order models, indicating a multi-mechanism including both physical and chemical adsorptions. Importantly, in gastrointestinal tract, the beads could protect CIP from acidic stomach environment while releasing it sustainably in simulated intestinal condition (75.05 %). The beads also showed strong antibacterial activity against both Gram(-) and Gram(+) bacteria, as evidenced by low IC50 and minimum inhibitory concentration values. Finally, CNC/Alg beads could improve CIP bioavailability for effective oral drug delivery route.

Asunto(s)

Alginatos , Antibacterianos , Disponibilidad Biológica , Celulosa , Ciprofloxacina , Ciprofloxacina/química , Ciprofloxacina/farmacología , Ciprofloxacina/farmacocinética , Ciprofloxacina/administración & dosificación , Celulosa/química , Alginatos/química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Liberación de Fármacos , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Adsorción , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana

RESUMEN

Food safety is a serious issue worldwide and practical detection method is vital for the supervision of food safety. It is necessary to establish efficient and economical methods to detect antibiotics, especially antibiotics in complex systems. This study employs citric acid and m-phenylenediamine to synthesize N, P-codoped carbon dots (N, P-CDs) by a microwave-assisted method. Anhydrous ethanol and phosphoric acid are essential to the properties of N, P-CDs. A "turn-on" fluorescent probe based on N, P-CDs was established for detecting ciprofloxacin (CIP) with detection limit down to 24.2 nm. Semiquantitative test stripe and a PS color detection system for CIP were developed to achieve visual and smart detection. The test stripe is applied to the visual detection of CIP residues in milk and a popular Chinese cuisine, Malatang, for the first time. N, P-CDs can also be used to detect pH in the range of pH 7.5-12.

Asunto(s)

Carbono , Ciprofloxacina , Puntos Cuánticos , Ciprofloxacina/análisis , Carbono/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Animales , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Leche/química , Antibacterianos/análisis , Límite de Detección , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química