RESUMEN
Introduction: Blood donation should be voluntary, anonymous and altruistic, and the donor should not, directly or indirectly, receive any remuneration or benefit by virtue of donating blood. Like any other therapeutic method, transfusion procedures are not risk free and can expose the patient to a several complications. Serological screening is of great importance to ensure transfusion safety. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of serological ineligibility among blood donors from a Hemotherapy Center in Caxias do Sul (RS). Method: An exploratory, descriptive and quantitative study was conducted on data from July 2010 to December 2015 collected at a Hemotherapy Center in Caxias do Sul (RS). Results: During the study period, 14,267 blood donors attended the Hemotherapy Center, of which 9,332 (65.40%) were males and 4,935 (34.60%) were female. Considering only the suitable donors, 12,702 blood donations were performed, 144 (1.13%) presented positive serological tests. The most prevalent positive serology was for hepatitis B (anti-HBc) with 98 cases (0.77%), followed by syphilis with 19 cases (0.15%); Chagas disease, with 10 (0.08%); hepatitis C, with nine (0.07%); and HIV and HTLV, with four (0.03%) reactive samples each. Conclusion: The results presented are important for health surveillance and make it possible to take measures to ensure safe blood stocks (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Donantes de Sangre/estadística & datos numéricos , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Enfermedades Transmisibles/sangre , Enfermedad de Chagas/sangre , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Anticuerpos Antihepatitis , Seropositividad para VIH/sangre , Prevalencia , Estudios Retrospectivos , Serodiagnóstico de la SífilisRESUMEN
HIV-individuals are at risk for human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) coinfection and neurological diseases. Little is known about the impact of HAART among coinfected patients. In this study, 47 out of 428 HIV individuals were coinfected with HTLV (10.9%). Coinfection was an independent variable associated with neurological outcome (odds ratio 8.73). Coinfection was associated with myelopathy [chi square (X(2)) = 93, P < 0.001], peripheral neuropathy (X(2) = 6.5, P = 0.01), and hepatitis C virus infection (X(2) = 36.5, P < 0.001). HAART did not appear to protect against neurological diseases and had no impact on HTLV proviral load.
Asunto(s)
Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Infecciones por VIH/fisiopatología , Infecciones por HTLV-II/fisiopatología , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/patogenicidad , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/virología , Carga Viral , Recuento de Linfocito CD4 , Coinfección , Femenino , Infecciones por VIH/complicaciones , Infecciones por HTLV-II/complicaciones , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis C/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Periférico/fisiopatología , Enfermedades de la Médula Espinal/virologíaRESUMEN
The municipality of Londrina ranks second in the number of AIDS cases in the state of Paraná, Brazil, with the Ministry of Health notified of 1070 cases from 1984 to 2002. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for HTLV-1/2 infection in HIV-infected patients attending the AIDS Reference Center serving Londrina (and surrounding region), Paraná, Brazil. Data concerning sociodemographic conditions and risk factors were collected from 784 HIV-infected patients, using a questionnaire. Blood samples were obtained from 758 of the patients and subjected to serologic screening tests for the determination of HTLV-1/2, as well as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and syphilis. Most patients were white (mean age, 35.9 years); 55.9% were males and 44.1% were females. The most frequent sexually transmitted disease was gonorrhea (28.5%), followed by syphilis (14.3%) and condyloma (12.2%). The major risk factors associated with the acquisition of retroviruses were sexual contact (84.8%) and intravenous drug use (IDU, 11.9%). The overall infection seroprevalence was 6.4% for HTLV-1/2, 37.2% for HBV, 21.0% for HCV, and 24.4% for syphilis. HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 infections were confirmed in 0.8 and 4.9% of patients, respectively. HIV/HTLV-1/2 coinfection was more frequent in IDUs (59.2% of cases) and was strongly associated with HCV (22.60 [95% CI, 10.35-49.35]). A weak association with HBV (2.09 [95% CI, 1.13-3.90]) and no association with syphilis were observed. The results showed that human retroviruses are circulating in southern Brazil, mainly among white people of both genders of low socioeconomic conditions and educational level. Although the sexual route was considered to be the major risk factor for HIV infection, HTLV-1/2 infection was strongly associated with IDU.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/complicaciones , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Infecciones por HTLV-I/complicaciones , Infecciones por HTLV-II/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Brasil/epidemiología , Escolaridad , Femenino , Infecciones por HTLV-I/epidemiología , Infecciones por HTLV-I/etiología , Infecciones por HTLV-II/epidemiología , Infecciones por HTLV-II/etiología , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/sangre , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis C/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Conducta Sexual , Factores Socioeconómicos , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa , Sífilis/epidemiología , Población BlancaRESUMEN
Between December 1998 and March 2001, for each HTLV-I/II seropositive blood donor (ELISA, Abbott), two HTLV-I/II seronegative blood donors were also chosen. The blood samples were re-tested by ELISA (Murex), and those seropositives were also tested by Western Blot and PCR. Of the 11, 121 blood samples, 73 (0.66%) were positives (Abbott), but only 12 (0.11%) remained positives (Murex), whereas the 146 seronegatives were confirmed, even though the concordance index between these two ELISA tests was hopeless. The Western Blot confirmed the twelve blood samples as seropositives: 8 (0.07%) HTLV-I; two (0.02%) HTLV-II and two (0.02%) indeterminate, being by PCR, one HTLV-I and the other HTLV-II. Concluding, in this Western Amazon population the HTLV-I/II seroprevalence was too low, in spite of the greater prevalence of HTLV-II expected due to a great indigenous racial mixture.
Asunto(s)
Donantes de Sangre , Infecciones por HTLV-I/epidemiología , Infecciones por HTLV-II/epidemiología , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/inmunología , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/inmunología , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiología , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Femenino , Infecciones por HTLV-I/diagnóstico , Infecciones por HTLV-II/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
Na cidade de Rio Branco (Acre), foram pesquisadas as amostras séricas de 390 pessoas sadias, de 2 a 79 anos de idade (26,5+/-14,9), usando métodos sorológicos (ELISA e Western blot específicos) para determinar a prevalência da infecção pelo HIV e/ou HTLV-I/II. Nenhuma pessoa foi soropositiva. Em conclusão, os dados sugerem a baixa transmissão na população sadia da cidade de Rio Branco, onde é elevada a freqüência de pessoas de origem indígena.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Infecciones por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Donantes de Sangre , Western Blotting , Brasil/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Seroprevalencia de VIH , Infecciones por HTLV-I/epidemiología , Infecciones por HTLV-II/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Serum samples (n: 110) from blood donors and high risk individuals from Cordoba, Argentina with indeterminate HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II Wb profiles were studied for specific antibodies to HTLV-I/II and HIV-1 by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and for the presence or absence of HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II specific bands by Wb. This study was carried out in order to characterize their putative reactions with HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II proteins and to resolve the retrovirus infection status of these individuals. Results indicated that blood donors sera displaying indeterminate HIV-1 or HTLV-I/II Wb patterns were not immunoreactive to HTLV-I/II and HIV-1 on IFA. However, a high rate of indeterminate HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II Wb samples from high risk individuals had positive HTLV-I/II and HIV-1 IFA results respectively. Our study supports the growing evidence that HTLV-HIV indeterminate seroreactivity in low risk population is due to a cross reaction against nonviral antigens, and in high risk populations the indeterminate samples show serological cross-recognition between HIV-1 proteins and HTLV-I/II proteins on Wb. These results point out the necessity to investigate the HTLV-I/II reactivity in indeterminate HIV-1 samples and vice versa in order to confirm the diagnosis. Finally, this study shows the potential usefulness of IFA in elucidating the status of HIV-1 and HTLV-I/II infection of individuals with indeterminate Wb profiles, thus enabling resolution of retrovirus infection status.
Asunto(s)
Western Blotting , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta , Infecciones por Retroviridae/diagnóstico , Argentina , Donantes de Sangre , Reacciones Cruzadas , Reacciones Falso Negativas , Femenino , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/sangre , Anticuerpos Anti-HTLV-I/sangre , Anticuerpos Anti-HTLV-II/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Infecciones por Retroviridae/sangreRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-(1/2)), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I/II), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Treponema pallidum and Trypanosoma cruzi among 63 male prisoners in Manhuaçu, Minas Gerais, Brazil and to compare this with data from eligible blood donors. The positive results were as follows: 11/63 (17.5%) for HBV, 5/63 (7.4%) for syphilis, 4/63 (6.3%) for HCV, 3/63 (4.8%) for Chagas' disease, 2/63 (3.2%) for HIV-1/2 and 1/63 (1.6%) for HTLV-I/II. The seroprevalence in prisoners was higher than among blood donors, mainly for antibodies to HIV-1/2, HCV and HBV. This is probably due to low social economic level, illiteracy, higher proportion with a prior history of intravenous drug use and/or unsafe sexual behavior. Therefore, these prisoners constitute a high-risk group and routine screening and counseling are recommended.
Asunto(s)
Prisioneros , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/epidemiología , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa/complicaciones , Adulto , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Brasil/epidemiología , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Seroprevalencia de VIH , Anticuerpos Antihepatitis/sangre , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Prisioneros/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual/inmunología , Treponema pallidum/inmunología , Trypanosoma cruzi/inmunologíaAsunto(s)
Donantes de Sangre , Infecciones por Deltaretrovirus/prevención & control , Infecciones por VIH/prevención & control , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis B/sangre , Antígenos del Núcleo de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Virus de la Hepatitis B/inmunología , Hepatitis B/prevención & control , Hepatitis C/prevención & control , Tamizaje Masivo/métodos , Viremia/diagnóstico , Argentina/epidemiología , Biomarcadores , Comorbilidad , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Infecciones por Deltaretrovirus/sangre , Infecciones por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiología , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/sangre , Seroprevalencia de VIH , Hepatitis B/sangre , Hepatitis B/diagnóstico , Hepatitis B/epidemiología , Hepatitis C/sangre , Hepatitis C/epidemiología , Anticuerpos contra la Hepatitis C/sangre , Humanos , Prevalencia , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
Between January 1989 and December 1996, 59,426 blood donors from Guadeloupe (French West Indies) were screened for antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). Of these, 195 were confirmed as being positive for HTLV-I, yielding an overall prevalence of 0.33% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.28-0.38]. On multiple logistic regression analysis, risk factors for HTLV-I were female gender [odds ratio (OR) 1.8; CI 1.3-2.4], increasing age (30-39 years, OR 2.2, CI 1.4-3.4; 40-49 years, OR 3.1, CI 2.1-4.7; > or =50 years, OR 5.6, CI 3.6-8.6) and positive hepatitis B core antibodies (OR 2.0; CI 1.5-2.8). HTLV-I seropositivity was also significantly associated with current residence in certain areas, highlighting microgeographic clustering: individuals living along the Atlantic Facade of Guadeloupe, which is a traditional sugar cane plantation area where Africans were brought during slave trading, were at increased risk for HTLV-I infection (OR 1.9; CI 1.3-2.7) compared with other areas in Guadeloupe devoted to other activities. Our report of HTLV-I cluster identification in Guadeloupe probably reflects both its low spread and its highly intrafamilial restricted transmission within this endemic Caribbean population.
Asunto(s)
Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Análisis por Conglomerados , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Femenino , Guadalupe/epidemiología , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
We studied plasma samples from 2082 Mataco Indians living in 22 different communities in the western part of Formosa Province, northern Argentina. Samples were screened for HTLV-I/II antibodies by particle agglutination assay. All positive or borderline samples were then tested by an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) on C19 HTLV-II-producing cells. Western blot was used for confirmation of all IFA-positive plasma samples. The crude HTLV-II seroprevalence was 3.0% (62 of 2051), and 0.9% (5 of 588) in children less than 10 years old. The latter result suggests ongoing mother-to-child transmission, probably by breast feeding. There was a marked increase in HTLV-II seroprevalence with age (0.9%, 0-10 years; 1.6%, 11-20 years; 4.4%, 21-30 years; 3.4%, 31-40 years; 7.2%, 41-50 years; 5.7%, >50 years) in both male (p = 0.002) and female subjects (p = 0.00002). None of the 80 non-Indian inhabitants tested was HTLV-I/II seropositive. In a second study, among 105 Toba Indians from a village (Primavera) of the eastern part of this region, 23 were HTLV-II seropositive with a seroprevalence of 59% in those more than 40 years old. From seven of the Indians from Primavera, three others from neighboring regions (including two Tobas and one Pilaga), and one intravenous drug user (IVDU) from Rosario, DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the gp21 transmembrane-encoding gene (590 bp) was amplified by PCR, cloned, and sequenced. LTR sequences were also obtained from the Pilaga, the IVDU, and one Toba. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the Indians were all infected with closely related HTLV-II molecular strains belonging to the b subtype, while the IVDU was infected with an HTLV-II subtype a variant. Such data help to make a phylogenetic atlas of HTLV-II among Amerindian tribes and are crucial to gain new insights into the origin and modes of dissemination of this human retrovirus in the Americas.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por HTLV-II/epidemiología , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/genética , Indígenas Sudamericanos , Adolescente , Adulto , Distribución por Edad , Argentina/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Femenino , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Genes env , Infecciones por HTLV-II/transmisión , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Distribución por Sexo , Secuencias Repetidas Terminales/genéticaRESUMEN
Se estudiaron, en el período comprendido desde 1991 hasta 1996, 26 352 muestras de suero procedentes de diferentes grupos de riesgo y donantes de sangre para conocer la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos contra el virus linfotrópico de las células T humanas tipo I (HTLV-I) y como continuación de investigaciones realizadas entre 1989 y 1990. Se empleó el sistema de ELISA DAVIH-HTLV-I para el pesquisaje de anticuerpos y como prueba confirmatoria, el Western Blot DAVIH-Blot HTLV-I, ambos de Laboratorios DAVIH, Cuba. Se confirmó la presencia de anticuerpos anti HTLV-I en 10 personas y en la mayoría de ellas el estudio epidemiológico logró esclarecer la vía probable de contagio. El índice de seropositividad observado fue de 0,037 porciento, lo que en comparación con las tasas de seroprevalencia reportadas para el área del Caribe resulta bajo(AU) {
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Infecciones por HTLV-I/epidemiología , Infecciones por HTLV-I/sangre , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Donantes de Sangre , Grupos de Riesgo , CubaAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Infecciones por HTLV-I/transmisión , Infecciones por HTLV-II/transmisión , Donantes de Sangre , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Transfusión Sanguínea , Factores de Riesgo , Heterosexualidad , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Bisexualidad , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía IntravenosaAsunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Donantes de Sangre , Transfusión Sanguínea , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Infecciones por HTLV-I/transmisión , Infecciones por HTLV-II/transmisión , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Bisexualidad , Heterosexualidad , Factores de Riesgo , Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual , Abuso de Sustancias por Vía Intravenosa , Trastornos Relacionados con SustanciasRESUMEN
The prevalence of antibodies to HTLV in women attending a south east London antenatal clinic between October 1990 and July 1992 was determined using sera referred for rountine rubella antibody testing. Samples were screened for HTLV antibody using a modified Fujirebio gel particle agglutination test and reactive sera confirmed by ELISA (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL) and two commercial Western blots (Cambridge Biotech Inc., Rockville, MD, and Diagnostic Biotechnology, Genelab Diagnostics, Louvaine, Belgium). This strategy confirmed the presence of HTLV-1 antibodies in 12 out of 6,289 sera (0.19 percent, 95 percent confidence limits 0.083 percent to 0.30 percent) and HTLV-2 antibodies in 2 (0.03 percent) sera. Specimens from 8 to 821 (0.97 percent, 95 percent confidence limits 0.42 percent to 1.9 percent). Afro-Caribbean women, three of 1,136 (0.26 percent, 95 percent confidence limits 0.055 percent to 0.78 percent). African women, and one of 3,049 (0.033 percent, 95 percent confidence limits 0.006 percent to 0.18 percent). Caucasian women were positive for HTLV-1 antibodies. Sera from Afro-Caribbean women born in the Caribbean were 7.6 times more likely to be HTLV-1 antibody positive than sera from Afro-Caribbean women born in the UK (P = 0.012). Selective testing of Afro-Caribbean and African antenatal clinic attenders, in this setting, would have identified 11 of the 12 HTLV-1 infections at an estimated cost of prevention of HTLV-1 associated disease of 100,000 pounds per case which is considerably less than the 1.3 million pounds which has been estimated to prevent a case by universal screening of UK blood donors.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Femenino , Humanos , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/inmunología , Londres/epidemiología , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Se estudió la presencia de anticuerpos contra el virus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipo I (HTLV I) en 3 774 sueros; de ellos, 1 409 eran donantes de sangre, 1 444 de pacientes que habían padecido recientemente alguna enfermedad de transmisión sexual (ETS) y 921 de enfermos politransfundidos. Se emplearon los sistemas DAVIH HTLV I (ELISA) y DAVIH BLOT HTLV 1 (Western Blot) producidos en Laboratorios DAVIH (La Habana, Cuba), para el pesquisaje y confirmación, respectivamente. De los 68 sueros reactivos en la prueba de ELISA, en 2 se confirmó la presencia de anticuerpos al HTLV I/II y 12 fueron considerados indeterminados por el Western Blot(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Donantes de Sangre , Grupos de Riesgo , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Western BlottingRESUMEN
Se estudió la presencia de anticuerpos contra el virus linfotrópico de células T humanas tipo I (HTLV I) en 3 774 sueros; de ellos, 1 409 eran donantes de sangre, 1 444 de pacientes que habían padecido recientemente alguna enfermedad de transmisión sexual (ETS) y 921 de enfermos politransfundidos. Se emplearon los sistemas DAVIH HTLV I (ELISA) y DAVIH BLOT HTLV 1 (Western Blot) producidos en Laboratorios DAVIH (La Habana, Cuba), para el pesquisaje y confirmación, respectivamente. De los 68 sueros reactivos en la prueba de ELISA, en 2 se confirmó la presencia de anticuerpos al HTLV I/II y 12 fueron considerados indeterminados por el Western Blot
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Donantes de Sangre , Western Blotting , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Grupos de RiesgoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The first human retrovirus, HTLV-I, was isolated in 1980; HTLV-II was described later. The former is endemic in southwestern Japan, the Caribbean and equatorial Africa; whereas the latter prevails in intravenous drug addicts, being also endemic in American indian populations. Both viruses are either sexually transmitted, from mother to child mainly by breast-feeding, by blood transfusion or by sharing contaminated needles. With regard to transmission, since they are intracellular viruses, it occurs only when whole blood or cellular components are transfused; this is not the case when either plasma or plasma derivatives are used. The likelihood of transmission decreases as the storage time increases. HTLV-I is associated, at least, with two diseases: adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and the tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) or HTLV-I-associated myelopathy (HAM). ATLL occurs after a latency period of 20 to 30 years; whereas the incubation period ranges from 3 to 5 years in the case of the neurological disease. Most individuals infected with the virus remain healthy; the risk of developing the hematological complication is 2-4% whereas it is below 1% in the case of TSP. No clear association of HTLV-II with any known disease has been reported as yet. In this study, we have assessed the prevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II in the sera of the blood donors who have come to our Division, with the aim of avoiding the spreading of this oncogenic virus by transfusion. This study could serve as a measure of the infection in the general population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 28,897 samples were analyzed from May 1993 to January 1995. Anti-HTLV-I/II antibodies were analyzed by the method of passive agglutination of gelatin participles (PA). Samples which reacted were tested again by the same method, and those reacting for the second time were further confirmed by Western blot (WBT), a method with the ability to differentiate between antibodies anti-HTLV-I and anti-HTLV-II. RESULTS: Of the 28,897 samples, 47 were repeatedly reactive by PA (0.16%). Analysis by WBT resulted in 10 reactive results with HTLV-I (0.035%), 2 reactive results with HTLV-II (0.007%); in one sample it could not be determined whether the anti-HTLV-I or anti-HTLV-II antibody was present. Of the remaining samples, 21 were non-reacting, whereas 13 were indeterminated. CONCLUSION: Prevalence of HTLV-I and HTLV-II seropositive blood donors is low and similar to that found in other non-endemic countries. We believe that routine evaluation of anti-HTLV-I and HTLV-II antibodies in blood donors would be warranted in our country, since transmission of the viruses by transfusion of blood components has been clearly shown. It is possible that the recipients of the reactive units do not develop the disease. Nevertheless, these individuals constitute an important source of virus dissemination, both during the perinatal period and by sexual intercourse. In fact, advise to seropositive donors would prevent transmission by these routes. Lastly, it should be noticed that investigation of anti-HTLV-I/II antibodies could result in a surrogate method for detecting other viral infections transmitted by these routes.
Asunto(s)
Donantes de Sangre , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Infecciones por HTLV-I/epidemiología , Infecciones por HTLV-II/epidemiología , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/inmunología , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Pruebas de Aglutinación , Argentina/epidemiología , Biomarcadores , Femenino , Infecciones por HTLV-I/sangre , Infecciones por HTLV-I/prevención & control , Infecciones por HTLV-II/sangre , Infecciones por HTLV-II/prevención & control , Humanos , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
We conducted a prospective clinical and epidemiologic evaluation of 45 cases of human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1)-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) in São Paulo, Brazil. All enrolled patients had progressive chronic myelopathy and high titers of HTLV-I and HTLV-II antibodies, as determined by enzyme immunoassay and western blot. In 24 cases, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed so that HTLV-I could be distinguished from HLTV-II. The clinical and epidemiologic features of the patients from our study were similar to those of patients with HAM/TSP from other areas of endemicity for HTLV-I except that more patients in our study had received a blood transfusion prior to their illness. Despite the presence of HTLV-II virus in Brazil, all patients whose serum was tested by PCR were found to be infected with the HTLV-I virus.
Asunto(s)
Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/epidemiología , Adulto , Anciano , Brasil/epidemiología , Anticuerpos Antideltaretrovirus/sangre , Femenino , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Virus Linfotrópico T Tipo 2 Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Paraparesia Espástica Tropical/virología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Estudios ProspectivosRESUMEN
The relationship between several disorders, including adult T-cell leukaemia, and HTLV I/II virus infection has been clearly demonstrated. In order to assess the prevalence of such viral infection in a group of multiple-transfusion patients in the State of Yucatan, Mexico, a study was carried out on 140 patients with anti-HTLV-I/II antibodies demonstrated by ELISA and sensitized particles agglutination test. The patients had received 447 units of blood or blood components as a whole, and the mean time elapsed between the transfusion and the study was 2.5 years (range, 0.5-40), other risks of infection being discarded. No HTLV I/II reactivity was found along this study, thus showing the low prevalence and scarce risk for the transmission of this disease in Yucatan.