RESUMEN
Norfloxacin is widely used owing to its strong bactericidal effect on Gram-negative bacteria. However, the residual norfloxacin in the environment can be biomagnified via food chain and may damage the human liver and delay the bone development of minors. Present work described a reliable and sensitive smartphone colorimetric sensing system based on cobalt-doped Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Co-Fe3O4 MNPs) for the visual detection of norfloxacin. Compared with Fe3O4, Co-Fe3O4 MNPs earned more remarkably peroxidase-like activity and TMB (colorless) was rapidly oxidized to oxTMB (blue) with the presence of H2O2. Interestingly, the addition of low concentration of norfloxacin can accelerate the color reaction process of TMB, and blue deepening of the solution can be observed with the naked eye. However, after adding high concentration of norfloxacin, the activity of nanozyme was inhibited, resulting in the gradual fading of the solution. Based on this principle, a colorimetric sensor integrated with smartphone RGB mode was established. The visual sensor exhibited good linearity for norfloxacin monitoring in the range of 0.13-2.51 µmol/L and 17.5-100 µmol/L. The limit of visual detection was 0.08 µmol/L. In the actual water sample analysis, the spiked recoveries of norfloxacin were over the range of 95.7%-104.7 %. These results demonstrated that the visual sensor was a convenient and fast method for the efficient and accurate detection of norfloxacin in water, which may have broad application prospect.
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Cobalto , Colorimetría , Norfloxacino , Teléfono Inteligente , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua , Norfloxacino/análisis , Colorimetría/métodos , Cobalto/análisis , Cobalto/química , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisis , Antibacterianos/análisis , Peroxidasa , Límite de DetecciónRESUMEN
Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a widely employed antibiotic in veterinary treatment and in the prevention of infections, potentially leaving residues in animal-derived food products, such as milk, that are consumed by humans. Given the detrimental effects of prolonged human exposure to antibiotics, it has become imperative to develop precise and sensitive methods for monitoring the presence of OTC in food. Herein, we describe the development and results of a preliminary label-free electrochemical aptasensor with antifouling properties designed to detect OTC in milk samples. The sensor was realized by modifying a gold screen-printed electrode with α-lipoic acid-NHS and an amine-terminated aptamer. Different electrochemical techniques were used to study the steps of the fabrication process and to quantify OTC in the presence of the Fe(CN)64-/Fe(CN)63- redox couple The detectable range of concentrations satisfy the maximum residue limits set by the European Union, with an limit of detection (LOD) of 14 ng/mL in phosphate buffer (BP) and 10 ng/mL in the milk matrix, and a dynamic range of up to 500 ng/mL This study is a steppingstone towards the implementation of a sensitive monitoring method for OTC in dairy products.
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Aptámeros de Nucleótidos , Técnicas Biosensibles , Técnicas Electroquímicas , Leche , Oxitetraciclina , Oxitetraciclina/análisis , Oxitetraciclina/química , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Leche/química , Aptámeros de Nucleótidos/química , Animales , Límite de Detección , Oro/química , Electrodos , Antibacterianos/análisis , Antibacterianos/química , HumanosRESUMEN
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to global health, powered by pathogens that become increasingly proficient at withstanding antibiotic treatments. This review introduces the factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), highlighting the presence of antibiotics in different environmental and biological matrices as a significant contributor to the resistance. It emphasizes the urgent need for robust and effective detection methods to identify these substances and mitigate their impact on AMR. Traditional techniques, such as liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and immunoassays, are discussed alongside their limitations. The review underscores the emerging role of biosensors as promising alternatives for antibiotic detection, with a particular focus on electrochemical biosensors. Therefore, the manuscript extensively explores the principles and various types of electrochemical biosensors, elucidating their advantages, including high sensitivity, rapid response, and potential for point-of-care applications. Moreover, the manuscript investigates recent advances in materials used to fabricate electrochemical platforms for antibiotic detection, such as aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers, highlighting their role in enhancing sensor performance and selectivity. This review culminates with an evaluation and summary of commercially available and spin-off sensors for antibiotic detection, emphasizing their versatility and portability. By explaining the landscape, role, and future outlook of electrochemical biosensors in antibiotic detection, this review provides insights into the ongoing efforts to combat the escalating threat of AMR effectively.
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Antibacterianos , Técnicas Biosensibles , Técnicas Electroquímicas , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Antibacterianos/análisis , Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Técnicas Electroquímicas/instrumentación , HumanosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Antibiotic residues in food chain have raised concerns regarding their toxicity and involvement in antimicrobial resistance. However, most existing antibiotic biosensors are primarily applicable to liquid food samples. Given the complex matrix characteristics of foods, there is an urgent need for the development of effective antibiotic detection platforms that exhibit high universality and flexibility. Porous microneedles (PMN) are microdevice structures with needle-like shapes and microscale pores throughout their composition, which facilitate rapid sampling. Consequently, the integration of PMN with biosensors holds significant promise for the detection of antibiotic residues in complex food samples. RESULTS: In this study, hydrogel-forming PMN are fabricated by leveraging the oxygen-production capacity of thylakoid to generate bubbles and form porous structures. These PMN are then integrated with a fluorescence aptasensor for the quantification of the antibiotic netilmicin. The aptasensor consists of a netilmicin (NET) aptamer with stem loop and hairpin structure, which facilitated the binding of SYBR Green I to produce a fluorescent signal. In the presence of NET, the complete binding between NET and the aptamer results in a reduction of fluorescence intensity, thereby generating a detectable signal change for the detection of NET. Utilizing capillary action accelerate fluid extraction (2.9 times faster than nonporous microneedles) and a large specific surface area (5.1072 m2/g) conducive to aptasensor adsorb, the PMN achieve efficient capture and quantification of antibiotic with limits of detection and quantitation of 5.99 nM and 19.8 nM, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE: Porous microneedles with tunable porosity and desirable mechanical properties are successfully fabricated. The integration of PMN with aptasensor enable the efficient detection of netilmicin in fish, milk and river water samples, demonstrating high recovery rates. The PMN represent potential tools for the convenient and rapid detection of antibiotic residues within complex food matrices, thereby enhancing food safety monitoring.
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Antibacterianos , Agujas , Antibacterianos/análisis , Porosidad , Tilacoides/química , Técnicas Biosensibles , Aptámeros de Nucleótidos/química , Animales , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Residuos de Medicamentos/análisis , Límite de Detección , Tecnología Química Verde , Análisis de los Alimentos/métodos , Análisis de los Alimentos/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
Teicoplanin has been banned in the veterinary field due to the drug resistance of antibiotics. However, teicoplanin residue from the antibiotic abuse of humans and animals poses a threat to people's health. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient way for the highly accurate and reliable detection of teicoplanin from humans, food, and water. In this study, novel imprinted quantum dots of teicoplanin were prepared based on boronate affinity-based precisely controlled surface imprinting. The imprinting factor (IF) for teicoplanin was evaluated and reached a high value of 6.51. The results showed excellent sensitivity and selectivity towards teicoplanin. The relative fluorescence intensity was inversely proportional to the concentration of teicoplanin, in the range of 1.0-17 µM. And its limit of detection (LOD) was obtained as 0.714 µM. The fluorescence quenching process was mainly controlled by a static quenching mechanism via the non-radiative electron-transfer process between QDs and the five-membered cyclic boronate esters. The recoveries for the spiked urine, milk, and water samples ranged from 95.33 to 104.17%, 91.83 to 97.33, and 94.22 to 106.67%, respectively.
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Antibacterianos , Ácidos Borónicos , Puntos Cuánticos , Teicoplanina , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Humanos , Teicoplanina/química , Teicoplanina/análisis , Ácidos Borónicos/química , Antibacterianos/análisis , Antibacterianos/química , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia/métodos , Límite de Detección , Agua/química , Impresión Molecular/métodos , Ésteres/química , Ésteres/análisis , Transporte de Electrón , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Análisis de los Alimentos/métodos , Animales , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Leche/química , FluorescenciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained much interest recently for being efficient probes. Their cost-effectiveness, eco-friendliness, and unique photocatalytic activities made them distinctive alternatives to other luminescent approaches like fluorescent dyes and luminous derivatization. Meanwhile, delafloxacin (DLF) is a recently approved antibacterial medicine. DLF has been authorized for the treatment of soft-tissue and skin infections as well as pneumonia. Therefore, new eco-friendly, cost-effective, and sensitive tools are needed its estimation in different matrices. RESULTS: In the proposed study, green copper and nitrogen carbon dots (Cu-N@CDs) were synthesized from a green source (plum juice with copper sulphate). Cu-N@CQDs were then characterized using multiple tools including X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), FTIR and UV-VIS spectroscopy, Zeta potential measurements, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and fluorescence spectroscopy. After gradually adding DLF, the developed quantum dots' fluorescence was significantly enhanced within the working range of 0.5-100.0 ng mL-1. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.08 and 0.27 ng mL-1, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method ranged from 96.00 to 99.12 % in recovery%, when recovered from milk and plasma samples. SIGNIFICANCE: Cu-N@CDs were utilized and validated for selectively determining DLF in several matrices including pharmaceutical forms, human plasma and in milk samples using spectrofluorimetric technique. The bio-analytical method is simple and could be used in content uniformity testing as well as in therapeutic drug monitoring in human plasma.
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Carbono , Cobre , Fluoroquinolonas , Nitrógeno , Puntos Cuánticos , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Nitrógeno/química , Cobre/química , Carbono/química , Fluoroquinolonas/análisis , Fluoroquinolonas/sangre , Fluoroquinolonas/química , Humanos , Animales , Fluorometría/métodos , Límite de Detección , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Leche/química , Antibacterianos/sangre , Antibacterianos/análisis , Antibacterianos/químicaRESUMEN
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as a conspicuous global public health threat. The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched the "One-Health" approach, which encourages the assessment of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) within an environment to constrain and alleviate the development of AMR. The prolonged use and overuse of antibiotics in treating human and veterinary illnesses, and the inability of wastewater treatment plants to remove them have resulted in elevated concentrations of these metabolites in the surroundings. Microbes residing within these settings acquire resistance under selective pressure and circulate between the air-land interface. Initial evidence on the indoor environments of wastewater treatment plants, hospitals, and livestock-rearing facilities as channels of AMR has been documented. Long- and short-range transport in a downwind direction disseminate aerosols within urban communities. Inhalation of such aerosols poses a considerable occupational and public health risk. The horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is another plausible route of AMR spread. The characterization of ARGs in the atmosphere therefore calls for cutting-edge research. In the present review, we provide a succinct summary of the studies that demonstrated aerosols as a media of AMR transport in the atmosphere, strengthening the need to biomonitor these pernicious pollutants. This review will be a useful resource for environmental researchers, healthcare practitioners, and policymakers to issue related health advisories.
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Aerosoles , Transferencia de Gen Horizontal , Aerosoles/análisis , Humanos , Monitoreo Biológico , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/genética , Microbiología del Aire , Contaminación del Aire Interior/análisis , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Antibacterianos/análisis , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genéticaRESUMEN
The widespread presence of antibiotics in global watershed environments poses a serious threat to public health and ecosystems. It is essential to examine the resistance of microbial communities in watershed environments in response to shifting antibiotic residues. Sediment samples were collected from seven sites across a watershed, encompassing surface sediment (0-10 cm) and bottom sediment (30-40 cm) depths. The aim was to replicate exposure scenarios to different antibiotics (oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulfadiazine (SD)) at varying concentrations (0, 10, and 100 µg/L) in sediment overlying water, within controlled laboratory settings. The study findings revealed significant variations in the microbial community structure of sediments between different treatments, with distinct differences observed in the upper stream and top sediment layers compared to the sediments located downstream and in the bottom layers. After the introduction of antibiotics, a significant decrease in microbial nodes was observed in the genus-level co-occurrence network analysis of the bottom sediment layer, particularly in the OTC treatment groups. In contrast, the downstream region displayed more robust correlations among the top 20 genera than the upstream area. There was no significant variance observed in the expression of Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), consisting of tetracycline resistance genes (tetC, tetG, tetM, tetW, and tetX) and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, and sul3), between sediments in the top and bottom layers. Nevertheless, downstream samples exhibited significantly higher levels of ARGs when compared to upstream samples. Network correlation analysis indicated notably lower correlations between ARGs and bacterial genera in sediments from upstream or surface layers compared to those in downstream or deeper layers. Moreover, correlations in the sediments from surface layers and upstream regions showed a decreasing trend with increasing SD exposure concentrations, while those in deeper layers and downstream areas remained relatively stable. The presence of antibiotics notably enhanced the correlation between sediment properties and ARGs, particularly emphasizing associations with total carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur content. However, the introduction of SD and OTC resulted in a decrease in the influence of these sediment factors on microbial community functions related to sulfur and nitrogen metabolism, as indicated by KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) annotation. The research provided empirical evidence on how microbial resistance responds to changes in antibiotics in sediment samples taken from various depths and locations within a watershed. It emphasized the urgent need for heightened awareness of the movement and alteration of antibiotic resistance patterns in watershed ecosystems.
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Antibacterianos , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/análisis , Farmacorresistencia Microbiana/genética , Sedimentos Geológicos/microbiología , Microbiota/efectos de los fármacos , Contaminantes Químicos del Agua/análisisRESUMEN
Importance: Prophylactic administration of antibiotics before skin incision is an important component in the prevention of periprosthetic joint infection in arthroplasty surgery. For antibiotics to be effective, the local tissue concentration (LTC) must exceed the minimum inhibitory concentration of typical infecting organisms; however, the LTC of cefazolin during arthroplasty is poorly understood. Objective: To compare the systemic concentration of cefazolin in serum with the LTC in fat, synovium, and bone during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) while assessing the effect of tourniquet inflation. Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted from March 1, 2022, to June 30, 2023, in patients undergoing TKA at a single academic center. Intervention: Total knee arthroplasty with or without a limb tourniquet. Main Outcomes and Measures: Systemic blood and local tissues from the surgical site (fat, synovium, and bone) were harvested at regular intervals during the surgery. The primary outcome was the LTC of cefazolin, quantified using the liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. Results: A total of 59 patients were included in the study, with 29 in the tourniquet group (mean [SD] age, 69.3 [9.6] years; 23 [79.3%] female) and 30 in the no tourniquet group (mean [SD] age, 69.9 [9.7] years; 21 [70.0%] female). In patients undergoing TKA without a tourniquet, the mean concentration of cefazolin in serum was 71.9 µg/mL (95% CI, 66.4-77.5 µg/mL), whereas the mean LTCs were 13.9 µg/g (95% CI, 12.1-15.7 µg/g) in fat, 27.7 µg/g (95% CI, 24.3-31.0 µg/g) in synovium, and 17.7 µg/g (95% CI, 14.8-20.5 µg/g) in bone. For patients undergoing TKA with a tourniquet, the mean concentration of cefazolin in serum was 72.0 µg/mL (95% CI, 66.3-77.7 µg/mL), and the mean LTCs were 9.9 µg/g (95% CI, 8.7-11.1 µg/g) in fat, 21.8 µg/g (95% CI, 18.7-25.0 µg/g) in synovium, and 13.0 µg/g (95% CI, 10.8-15.2 µg/g) in bone. The use of a tourniquet resulted in significantly lower mean LTCs by 60 minutes after cefazolin infusion (10.8 µg/g [95% CI, 9.1-12.4 µg/g] vs 16.9 µg/g [95% CI, 14.1-19.6 µg/g], P = .001 in fat; 18.9 µg/g [95% CI, 14.1-23.6 µg/g] vs 25.8 µg/g [95% CI, 21.4-30.3 µg/g], P = .03 in synovium; and 11.8 µg/g [95% CI, 9.3-14.2 µg/g] vs 19.4 µg/g [95% CI, 14.5-24.4 µg/g], P = .007 in bone). Conclusions and Relevance: In this randomized clinical trial, the concentration of cefazolin was lower in local tissues (fat, synovium, and bone) than in systemic blood, and the use of a limb tourniquet further significantly reduced these concentrations. Although the current prophylactic dosing regimen for cefazolin provides sufficient serum concentrations, the levels in the periarticular tissue during TKA may be insufficient to prevent periprosthetic joint infection. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05604157.
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Antibacterianos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Cefazolina , Torniquetes , Humanos , Cefazolina/farmacocinética , Cefazolina/administración & dosificación , Cefazolina/sangre , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antibacterianos/análisis , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Infecciones Relacionadas con Prótesis/prevención & control , Profilaxis Antibiótica/métodos , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica/prevención & controlRESUMEN
In this work, coacervation in primary amines solutions with hydrophobic natural deep eutectic solvents based on terpenoids and carboxylic acids was demonstrated for the first time. A liquid-phase microextraction approach was developed based on supramolecular solvent formation with primary amine acting as amphiphile and hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent making up mixed vesicles and serving as coacervation agent. Such supramolecular solvents could be used to separate wide range of substances from different aqueous media, such as food products, biological liquids and wastewaters. It is important that both hydrophobic and ionic interactions with supramolecular aggregates take place ensuring synergetic effect and better extraction ability, which is significant in separating relatively polar analytes. Different primary amines and deep eutectic solvents were investigated for liquid-phase microextraction of proof-of-concept amphoteric analyte (enrofloxacin, widely used veterinary fluoroquinolone antibiotic) and its determination by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection using Shimadzu LC-20 Prominence chromatograph and RF-20A fluorescence detector. It was found that the supramolecular solvent based on 1-nonylamine, formed after addition of a deep eutectic solvent based on menthol and hexanoic acid (molar ratio of 1:1), provided maximum extraction recovery (85 %) and maximum enrichment factor (34). To characterize the extraction system, the composition of the phases was investigated, and cryo-transmission electron microscopy images were obtained. Vesicular aggregates were observed in the supramolecular solvent. The extraction mechanism was proposed in terms of formation of mixed aggregates to capture the analyte. Limit of detection was found to be 7 µg kg-1, while linear range of 20-250 µg kg-1 was established. Relative standard deviation values were lower than 7 %. Relative bias did not exceed 12 %.
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Aminas , Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos , Enrofloxacina , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Microextracción en Fase Líquida , Leche , Enrofloxacina/análisis , Leche/química , Animales , Aminas/química , Aminas/análisis , Disolventes Eutécticos Profundos/química , Microextracción en Fase Líquida/métodos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Mentol/química , Mentol/análisis , Límite de Detección , Antibacterianos/análisis , Antibacterianos/química , Solventes/química , Caprilatos/química , Caprilatos/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , CaproatosRESUMEN
The abuse of kanamycin (KAN) poses an increasing threat to human health by contaminating agricultural and animal husbandry products, drinking water, and more. Therefore, the sensitive detection of trace KAN residues in real samples is crucial for monitoring agricultural pollution, ensuring food safety, and diagnosing diseases. However, traditional assay techniques for KAN rely on bulky instruments and complicated operations with unsatisfactory detection limits. Herein, we developed a novel label-free aptasensor to achieve ultrasensitive detection of KAN by constructing mesoporous DNA-cobalt@carbon nanofibers (DNA-Co@C-NFs) as the recognizer. Leveraging the extended π-conjugation structure, prominent surface area, and abundant pores, the Co@C-NFs can effectively load aptamer strands via π-π stacking interactions, serving as KAN capturer and reporter. Due to the change in DNA configuration upon binding KAN, this aptasensor presented an ultralow detection limit and ultra-wide linear range, along with favorable precision and selectivity. Using real tap water, milk, and human serum samples, the aptasensor accurately reported trace KAN levels. As a result, this convenient and rapid autosensing technique holds promise for onsite testing of other antibiotic residues in agriculture, food safety, and clinical diagnosis.
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Aptámeros de Nucleótidos , Técnicas Biosensibles , Carbono , Cobalto , ADN , Kanamicina , Nanofibras , Nanofibras/química , Kanamicina/análisis , Aptámeros de Nucleótidos/química , ADN/química , Humanos , Porosidad , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Cobalto/química , Carbono/química , Leche/química , Límite de Detección , Animales , Antibacterianos/análisis , Antibacterianos/química , Agua Potable/análisis , Agua Potable/químicaRESUMEN
Quaternary ammonium salt bactericides are broad-spectrum bactericides often used in oral care products because of their high antibacterial efficacy, strong penetration, and low toxicity. However, the excessive use of quaternary ammonium salt bactericides may cause contact dermatitis, scalding poisoning, and even death. Existing methods to determine quaternary ammonium salt bactericides are unable to meet current requirements owing to the lack of determination components. Therefore, establishing a simple and accurate method for the simultaneous detection of more quaternary ammonium salt bactericides is necessary. In this study, a method that couples sample pretreatment with high performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light-scattering detection (HPLC-ELSD) was developed for the simultaneous determination of quaternary ammonium salt bactericides in oral care products, including dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, dodecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, tetradecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, tetradecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, N-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride, trimethylstearylammonium chloride, stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride, and docosyltrimethylammonium chloride. Some of these bactericides do not absorb ultraviolet light, so a universal evaporative light-scattering detector was used owing to testing cost and stability concerns. The paste samples contained thickening agents, which are highly soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents; these agents can seriously affect the results of sample pretreatment and damage the chromatographic column. Hence, sample dehydration was necessary. In this study, four dehydration methods were compared. Anhydrous sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) was selected, and the amount of Na2SO4 was optimized. Based on the solubility of the 10 target compounds and extraction efficiency, three extraction solvents were compared, and ethanol was selected. Ultrasonic extraction was the primary extraction process used in this study. The effects of different ultrasonication times, temperatures, and powers on the extraction recoveries were also investigated. Ultimately, the optimized conditions were as follows: extraction of the dehydrated paste and powder samples using ethanol at room temperature (25 â) for 20 min under 100 W ultrasound power, and dilution of the liquid sample with ethanol. After extraction, the samples were separated on an Acclaim Surfactant column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 µm) with 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution (pH=5.5) (A) and acetonitrile (B) as mobile phases. The gradient elution program were as follows: 0-5.0 min, 75%A-35%A, 5.0-15.0 min, 35%A-20%A, 15.0-20.0 min, 20%A, 20.0-21.0 min, 20%A-75%A, 21.0-25.0 min, 75%A. An external standard method was used for quantitative determination. The 10 compounds were analyzed within 25 min. Linear equations, correlation coefficients, and linear ranges were obtained by analyzing a series of mixed standard working solutions. The limits of detection (LODs, S/N=3) and quantification (LOQs, S/N=10) of the 10 components were determined. Stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride and docosyltrimethylammonium chloride showed good linear relationships in the range of 10-200 mg/L, while the other compounds demonstrated good linear relationships in the range of 5-100 mg/L. In all cases, correlation coefficients (R2) of no less than 0.9992 were obtained. The LODs and LOQs were in the range of 1.42-3.31 mg/L and 4.25-9.94 mg/L, respectively. Ten analytes were spiked in blank matrices, such as toothpaste (paste), mouthwash (liquid), and dentifrice powder (powder) at three levels, and the recoveries and precisions were calculated. The average recoveries were 87.9%-103.1%, and the corresponding relative standard deviations (RSDs) did not exceed 5.5% (n=6). The developed method was used to detect 109 oral care products. Benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride and stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride revealed high detection rates. Moreover, the amount of stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride in one toothpaste sample exceeded regulatory requirements. Given its advantages of good precision and accuracy, the developed method is suitable for the quantitative analysis of the 10 aforementioned compounds in typical oral care products. The study findings can serve as a reference for the quality and safety monitoring of oral care products.
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Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/química , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Antibacterianos/análisis , Luz , Dispersión de RadiaciónRESUMEN
The traditional preparation method of ratiometric probes faces challenges such as cumbersome preparation and low sensitivity. Thus, there is an urgent need to provide a simple method of preparing a highly sensitive ratiometric probe. Here, Eu3+-doped zinc-based organic framework (Eu/Zn-MOF) was prepared through hydrothermal method for the detection of tetracycline analogs (TCs). Under the same excitation conditions, the probe can simultaneously display valuable fluorescence and second-order scattering signals. The developed probe enabled specific identification and fast detection (1 min) of TCs, including tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, and chlortetracycline. The linear detection ranges of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline and chlortetracycline were respectively 100 nM - 200 µM, 100 nM - 200 µM, 98 nM - 195 µM, and 97 nM - 291 µM, and the corresponding detection limits were respectively 15.79 nM, 20.83 nM, 15.31 nM, and 28.30 nM. The developed sensor was successfully applied to detect TCs in real samples, and the recovery rate was from 92.54 % to 109.69 % and the relative standard deviation was from 0.04 % to 2.97 %. Moreover, the heterometallic Eu/Zn-MOF was designed as a ratiometric neuron for Boolean logic computing and information encryption based on the specific identification of TCs. As a proof of concept, molecular steganography was successfully employed to encode, store, and conceal information by transforming the specific identification patterns of Eu/Zn-MOF into binary strings. This study is anticipated to advance the application of metal-organic frameworks in logic detection and information security, and bridging the gap between molecular sensors and the realm of information.
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Europio , Estructuras Metalorgánicas , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia , Zinc , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/química , Europio/química , Zinc/química , Zinc/análisis , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Colorantes Fluorescentes/síntesis química , Tetraciclinas/análisis , Límite de Detección , Antibacterianos/análisis , Tetraciclina/análisis , FluorescenciaRESUMEN
Serious adverse drug reactions of gentamicin (GM) significantly limit its clinical use, thus there is an urgent demand to develop reliable strategies to detect its concentration. In this study, we have developed a novel highly sensitive and portable lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) based on CoFe PBAs/WS2 nanozyme mediated chemiluminescence (CL) and photothermal (PT) dual-mode POCT biosensor for the detection of GM, which successfully combines sensitive laboratory analyses with portable in situ analyses in the field. In this proof-of-principle work, the dynamic detection ranges of CL-LFIA and PT-LFIA mode were 1 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 and 50 pg mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 with the limits of detection of 0.33 and 16.67 pg mL-1, respectively. The whole detection of CL-LFIA and PT-LFIA could be completed within 15 min and 30 min, respectively. The recoveries of GM spiked into complex matrices including milk, urine, and serum for CL-LFIA and PT-LFIA were 90.94%-109.74% and 94.49%-109.31%, respectively, indicating the reliability and applicability of the dual-mode LFIA in real samples. The dual-mode POCT biosensor could effectively overcome the false problems with improving accuracy and sensitivity, enabling user to precisely detect GM by laboratory analysis or on-site analysis depending on the source condition. Due to the complementary properties of CL-LFIA and PT-LFIA, the developed POCT biosensor can effectively ensure high-performance detection, showing the potential application of accurately detecting drug concentration in clinical practice.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas Biosensibles , Gentamicinas , Límite de Detección , Mediciones Luminiscentes , Pruebas en el Punto de Atención , Gentamicinas/análisis , Gentamicinas/sangre , Técnicas Biosensibles/métodos , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Mediciones Luminiscentes/métodos , Humanos , Animales , Antibacterianos/análisis , Antibacterianos/sangre , Antibacterianos/orina , Leche/química , Cobalto/químicaRESUMEN
The misuse of tetracyclines in livestock production poses significant health risks. Thus, establishing convenient detection methods to replace complex laboratory tests for food safety is crucial. In this study, a heterostructure Zn-BTC/IRMOF-3 (denoted as ZBI) asynchronous response fluorescence sensor was developed for the qualitative and quantitative detection of tetracyclines in foods. The ZBI solution exhibited blue fluorescence under UV excitation; upon the introduction of tetracyclines, ZBI selectively recognized the tetracycline molecules through electron transfer, π-π stacking, and chelation, resulting in blue fluorescence quenching and green fluorescence enhancement. The ZBI sensor for tetracycline detection achieved recovery rates ranging from 93.91 to 111.91% in food samples, with a detection limit of as low as 0.086 µmol/L. Lastly, a portable sensing device using support vector classifier was constructed for detecting tetracyclines in real-life scenarios. Our findings introduce a new approach for fabricating fluorescence sensors and offer a novel method for detecting tetracyclines.
Asunto(s)
Contaminación de Alimentos , Estructuras Metalorgánicas , Máquina de Vectores de Soporte , Tetraciclinas , Tetraciclinas/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Estructuras Metalorgánicas/química , Animales , Colorimetría/instrumentación , Colorimetría/métodos , Fluorescencia , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia/métodos , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia/instrumentación , Límite de Detección , Antibacterianos/análisisRESUMEN
Based on salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) and high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), a simple, rapid pretreatment without complex clean-up for the determination of 22 veterinary drug residues in aquatic products was developed and validated. In order to improve the efficiency of the method, the key procedural parameters of SALLE were fabricated. Na2EDTA-Mcllvaine buffer/ACN was used as the extraction solvent, anhydrous MgSO4 and NaCl as the extraction salts. The relationship between extraction efficiency and logD was initially evaluated during the optimization process. This study was well validated in various aquatic samples such as bass, large yellow croaker, carp, and shrimp, the limits of detection (LOD) and accuracy for all compounds ranged from 0.5 to 1.0 µg/kg, 71.4% to 120%. This method has the advantages of rapidity, simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency, and has broad potential for risk monitoring and evaluation of veterinary antibiotics in aquatic products.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Residuos de Medicamentos , Peces , Contaminación de Alimentos , Extracción Líquido-Líquido , Alimentos Marinos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Drogas Veterinarias , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Extracción Líquido-Líquido/métodos , Antibacterianos/análisis , Animales , Residuos de Medicamentos/análisis , Drogas Veterinarias/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Alimentos Marinos/análisis , Carpas , Límite de Detección , Perciformes , Penaeidae/química , Cromatografía Líquida con Espectrometría de MasasRESUMEN
The development of a highly selective and sensitive method for detecting chlortetracycline (CTC) is crucial for safeguarding public health and food safety. Herein, a novel ratiometric fluorescence sensor called SiC@ZIF-8@MIP was constructed to specifically recognize and sensitively detect CTC. The sensor has the advantages of fast response speed (7 min), wide linear range (0.1-18 µg mL-1), and low limit of detection (4.56 ng mL-1). With the addition of CTC, the fluorescence of SiC@ZIF-8@MIP is quenched at 410 nm due to the internal filtration effect (IFE) and a new fluorescence signal is generated at 515 nm by CTC due to the aggregation induced emission effect (AIE). Additionally, for rapid on-site detection of CTC, a smartphone is applied to digitize fluorescence images of SiC@ZIF-8@MIP, helping individuals read and analyze the images. This detection method is a promising strategy for on-site assessments of food safety and public health safety.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Clortetraciclina , Colorantes Fluorescentes , Contaminación de Alimentos , Límite de Detección , Teléfono Inteligente , Clortetraciclina/análisis , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Antibacterianos/análisis , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Espectrometría de Fluorescencia/métodos , Fluorescencia , Inocuidad de los AlimentosRESUMEN
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) plays a critical role in assessing the resistance of individual microbial isolates and determining appropriate antimicrobial therapeutics in a timely manner. However, conventional AST normally takes up to 72 h for obtaining the results. In healthcare facilities, the global distribution of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus fecium (VRE) infections underscores the importance of rapidly determining VRE isolates. Here, we developed an integrated antimicrobial resistance (AMR) screening strategy by combining matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) with machine learning to rapidly predict VRE from clinical samples. Over 400 VRE and vancomycin-susceptible E. faecium (VSE) isolates were analyzed using MALDI-MS at different culture times, and a comprehensive dataset comprising 2388 mass spectra was generated. Algorithms including the support vector machine (SVM), SVM with L1-norm, logistic regression, and multilayer perceptron (MLP) were utilized to train the classification model. Validation on a panel of clinical samples (external patients) resulted in a prediction accuracy of 78.07%, 80.26%, 78.95%, and 80.54% for each algorithm, respectively, all with an AUROC above 0.80. Furthermore, a total of 33 mass regions were recognized as influential features and elucidated, contributing to the differences between VRE and VSE through the Shapley value and accuracy, while tandem mass spectrometry was employed to identify the specific peaks among them. Certain ribosomal proteins, such as A0A133N352 and R2Q455, were tentatively identified. Overall, the integration of machine learning with MALDI-MS has enabled the rapid determination of bacterial antibiotic resistance, greatly expediting the usage of appropriate antibiotics.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Aprendizaje Automático , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción/métodos , Humanos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/análisis , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Enterococcus faecium/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococcus faecium/aislamiento & purificación , Enterococos Resistentes a la Vancomicina/efectos de los fármacos , Enterococos Resistentes a la Vancomicina/aislamiento & purificación , Máquina de Vectores de Soporte , Farmacorresistencia BacterianaRESUMEN
Food safety is a serious issue worldwide and practical detection method is vital for the supervision of food safety. It is necessary to establish efficient and economical methods to detect antibiotics, especially antibiotics in complex systems. This study employs citric acid and m-phenylenediamine to synthesize N, P-codoped carbon dots (N, P-CDs) by a microwave-assisted method. Anhydrous ethanol and phosphoric acid are essential to the properties of N, P-CDs. A "turn-on" fluorescent probe based on N, P-CDs was established for detecting ciprofloxacin (CIP) with detection limit down to 24.2 nm. Semiquantitative test stripe and a PS color detection system for CIP were developed to achieve visual and smart detection. The test stripe is applied to the visual detection of CIP residues in milk and a popular Chinese cuisine, Malatang, for the first time. N, P-CDs can also be used to detect pH in the range of pH 7.5-12.
Asunto(s)
Carbono , Ciprofloxacina , Puntos Cuánticos , Ciprofloxacina/análisis , Carbono/química , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Puntos Cuánticos/química , Animales , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Leche/química , Antibacterianos/análisis , Límite de Detección , Colorantes Fluorescentes/químicaRESUMEN
Norfloxacin (NOR) and levofloxacin (LEV) are the two most frequently used fluoroquinolones (FQs) in clinic. Their residues seriously endanger the ecosystem and human health. Due to their similarity in structure and properties, it is urgent to develop an efficient and sensitive strategy for detection and differentiation. Herein, we synthesized a novel ratiometric fluorescent sensor for the first time by combining N, S co-doped carbon dots (CDs) and the precursors of Tb-MOFs through a facile one-pot method. The introduction of CDs effectively facilitated the energy transfer between Tb3+ and FQs, overcoming the limitation that single Tb-MOFs could not identify similar antibiotics. Specifically, the presence of NOR resulted in reverse signal response through the inner filter effect and antenna effect. The synergistic effect of these two mechanisms contributed to achieving signal amplification accompanied by a distinguishable color transition. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.036 µM. Different from NOR, the addition of LEV reduced the electron density of the system, weakened the coordination ability of Tb3+ with LEV, and induced a single signal response with Tb3+ fluorescence intensity as a reference signal (LOD = 0.383 µM). Furthermore, the method proved to be rapid and visual, allowing for the straightforward analysis of FQs residues in water, food matrices, and biological samples with satisfactory precision. By integrating N, S-CDs@Tb-MOFs with flexible substrates, the paper-based sensor facilitated the visual quantitative determination of FQs by reading RGB values. The developed sensor presents a promising strategy for the identification and real-time monitoring of antibiotics.