RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: While it is recognized that social support can alleviate mental health symptoms, this relationship is not well-understood among Chinese pregnant and parenting immigrants in the United States. This study aims to bridge this gap by exploring the relationships between different types of social support and women's anxiety and depression, and examining how these associations vary with pregnancy status. METHODS: Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted in Simplified Chinese or Mandarin between March-June 2021 among 526 women who were pregnant and/or parenting a child under five years. The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anxiety, Depression, and Social Support scales were used to measure anxiety, depression, and social support levels. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson's correlations were employed for analysis. Hierarchical regression was conducted to investigate the main and interaction effects of social support types and pregnancy status on mental health outcomes. RESULTS: Compared to non-pregnant women, pregnant women reported higher mean scores for anxiety (non-pregnant: 55, pregnant: 59, p < 0.01) and depression (non-pregnant: 54, pregnant: 56, p = 0.02). Instrumental support displayed a significant main effect in relation to anxiety (ß=-0.13, p = 0.01) and depression (ß=-0.16, p < 0.01); emotional support exhibited a significant main effect solely on depression (ß=-0.13, p = 0.01). Notably, the interaction effects between pregnancy status and both instrumental (ß=-0.28, p = 0.01) and emotional support (ß=-0.42, p < 0.01) were significant for anxiety. In contrast, informational support did not exhibit a significant impact on either anxiety or depression. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that tailoring support to the cultural context is crucial, especially for pregnant women in this Chinese immigrant community, with instrumental and emotional support being particularly beneficial in mitigating maternal anxiety.

Asunto(s)

Ansiedad , Depresión , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Salud Mental , Responsabilidad Parental , Apoyo Social , Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Adulto , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Ansiedad/etnología , Ansiedad/psicología , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/etnología , China/etnología , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Estados Unidos , Mujeres Embarazadas/psicología , Mujeres Embarazadas/etnología , Adulto Joven , Pueblos del Este de Asia

RESUMEN

Due to demographic changes of the U.S. population in the past few decades, more attention has been placed on understanding the sociocultural factors that have an impact on the mental health of racially and ethnically minoritized (REM) groups. One factor that has gained increased attention in recent years is acculturative stress. Acculturative stress is associated with negative mental health outcomes, such as depression, anxiety, psychological distress, and suicide ideation (SI). However, the magnitude of this association remains unclear. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to provide a comprehensive review of the impact of acculturative stress on depression, anxiety, psychological distress, and SI among REM youth. We also aimed to explore whether sociodemographic variables (i.e., race/ethnicity, generational status, sex/gender, and age) moderate the relationships between acculturative stress and mental health outcomes. Forty-six peer-reviewed articles examining the link between acculturative stress and internalizing problems among REM youth in the U.S. (mean age range: 13-29) met inclusion criteria and were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. A positive relationship of moderate size between acculturative stress and depression, anxiety, psychological distress, and SI was found. Moderation analyses also revealed that the impact of acculturative stress on depression may be greater among those who are older and for first-generation immigrants. Similarly, its impact on anxiety may also be more pronounced for first-generation immigrants. Results also suggested that the impact of acculturative stress on depression and psychological distress may be greater among men compared to women. These findings highlight the importance of making sure clinicians assess for acculturative stress when working with REM youth, as well as factors that may be contributing to an individual's acculturative stress level.

Asunto(s)

Aculturación , Ansiedad , Depresión , Estrés Psicológico , Humanos , Adolescente , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/etnología , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Depresión/etnología , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/etnología , Adulto Joven , Masculino , Ideación Suicida , Femenino , Etnicidad/psicología , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Distrés Psicológico , Grupos Raciales/psicología , Grupos Raciales/estadística & datos numéricos

RESUMEN

The Russian invasion of Ukraine led to a major humanitarian crisis resulting in many Ukrainians seeking refugee status in European countries. Unlike the positive attitudes towards Ukrainian refugees, Afghan refugees who were also required to leave their country following the Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan, received a negative reaction from the same European countries. Examining similar crises, a year apart, where people fled perilous situations in their countries, reveals contrasting reactions that emphasize the need to understand factors driving diverse public attitudes. Integrated Threat Theory (ITT), which posits that perceived threats can lead to prejudice and negative attitudes, may elucidate mechanisms behind opposing reactions towards Ukrainian and Afghan refugees. This study explores whether symbolic threats, intergroup anxiety, fear of terrorism, and political orientation are differentially related to attitudes towards Afghan and Ukrainian refugees in 250 European participants. Results demonstrate that participants hold more positive attitudes towards Ukrainian refugees compared to Afghan refugees. All the aforementioned factors predicted attitudes towards Afghan refugees, but only symbolic threats predicted attitudes towards Ukrainian refugees. Ethnicity and religiosity explain the relationship between symbolic threats and attitudes towards Afghan refugees. Western European participants show a stronger link between terrorism fear and negative views on Afghan refugees than Eastern Europeans, possibly due to higher terrorism rates in the West. Thus, attitudes towards refugees are intricate, but the study emphasizes the role of ITT, terrorism fear, politics, ethnicity, religiosity, and region. The findings could refine policies, stressing the need to address these factors for fostering inclusive, empathetic European societies.

Asunto(s)

Actitud , Refugiados , Humanos , Refugiados/psicología , Ucrania/etnología , Afganistán/etnología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Europa (Continente)/etnología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Terrorismo/psicología , Prejuicio , Ansiedad/etnología , Ansiedad/psicología , Política

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Increasing research examines social determinants of health, including structural oppression and discrimination. Microaggression - subtle/ambiguous slights against one's marginalized identity - is distinct from discrimination, which typically presents as overt and hostile. The current study investigated the comparative effects of each exposure on young adult anxiety, depression, and sleep. Race-stratified analyses investigated patterns across groups. METHODS: Young adults (N = 48,606) completed the Spring 2022 American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment III. Logistic regressions tested odds of anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance in association with microaggression and discrimination exposure. RESULTS: Microaggression and discrimination equally predicted increased likelihood of anxiety symptoms (ORMicro = 1.42, ORDiscrim = 1.46). Discrimination more strongly predicted depressive symptoms (OR = 1.59) and sleep disturbance (OR = 1.54) than did microaggression (ORDepress = 1.24, ORSleep = 1.27). Race-stratified analyses indicated stronger associations between the each exposure and poor mental health in Whites than Asian American, Black/African American, and Hispanic or Latino/a/x respondents. LIMITATIONS: Microaggression and discrimination exposure were each assessed using a single item. The outcome measures were not assessed using validated measures of anxiety, depression, and sleep (e.g., GAD-7, MOS-SS); thus results should be interpreted with caution. Analyses were cross-sectional hindering our ability to make causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide preliminary evidence that microaggression and discrimination exposure operate on health in distinct ways. Racially marginalized individuals may demonstrate a blunted stress response relative to Whites. Treatment approaches must be tailored to the particular exposures facing affected individuals to maximize benefits.

Asunto(s)

Ansiedad , Depresión , Microagresión , Discriminación Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Ansiedad/etnología , Ansiedad/psicología , Depresión/etnología , Depresión/psicología , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/etnología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Blanco/psicología , Asiático/psicología , Discriminación Social/psicología

RESUMEN

Hispanic/Latinx (hereafter Latinx) persons are an established tobacco disparities population in the United States (US). Past work has suggested that individual differences in anxiety sensitivity, or the fear of arousal-based sensations, is one important cognitive construct for smoking maintenance and relapse among Latinx persons who smoke. However, previous research has not examined if anxiety sensitivity is associated with motivational facets of smoking dependence among this tobacco disparities population. In the current study, anxiety sensitivity was explored in terms of smoking motives for primary, secondary, and overall cigarette dependence. Participants included 336 English-speaking Latinx adults in the US who smoked cigarettes daily (Mage = 35.53, SD = 8.65, 37.3% Female). Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity was statistically significantly and positively related to higher primary and secondary dependence motives and marginally statistically significant to cigarette dependence; findings were evident after adjusting for numerous theoretically relevant variables (e.g., depression). Overall, the current study is the first to document linkages between anxiety sensitivity and numerous motivational bases of tobacco dependence among Latinx persons who smoke from the US.

Asunto(s)

Ansiedad , Hispánicos o Latinos , Motivación , Humanos , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Masculino , Adulto , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/etnología , Tabaquismo/psicología , Tabaquismo/etnología , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Estados Unidos/etnología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fumar/psicología , Fumar/etnología , Adulto Joven

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To assess associations of ACEs with depression and anxiety, with special emphasis on potential racial and ethnic disparities. METHOD: Data were from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), 2021-2022, a large, cross-sectional, nationally representative, population-based study of United States children aged 0-17. The associations of cumulative ACEs with depression and anxiety among 104,205 children and adolescents were assessed via multivariable logistic regression, including adjustment for age, sex, race, household income, and parental educational attainment. RESULTS: ACEs were associated with depression and anxiety in a linear, dose-dependent manner. After adjustment for covariates, compared to no ACE exposures, participants with exposures to one, two, and three ACEs exhibited significantly higher odds of depression (fully-adjusted ORs and 95 % CIs = 2.18 [2.03, 2.35], 4.95 [4.55, 5.39], and 11.39 [10.18, 12.75], respectively). For anxiety, compared to no ACEs exposures, participants with exposure to one, two, and three ACEs had significantly higher odds of anxiety (fully-adjusted ORs and 95 % CIs = 1.90 [1.81, 2.00], 3.66 [3.44, 3.90], and 6.91 [6.30, 7.58], respectively). Notably, stratified analyses indicated potential effect modification by race, wherein the associations of ACEs with depression and anxiety were strongest in Black and White participants. CONCLUSION: ACEs were robustly associated with depression and anxiety in a national sample of U.S. children and adolescents, with differential impacts of ACES on mental health observed across racial and ethnic groups. These findings underscore the need for urgent government and healthcare interventions and policies to ameliorate ACEs' health effects, especially among disproportionately impacted minority groups.

Asunto(s)

Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Ansiedad , Depresión , Humanos , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Femenino , Masculino , Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/etnología , Depresión/epidemiología , Ansiedad/etnología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Preescolar , Disparidades en el Estado de Salud , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Etnicidad/psicología , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Mental/etnología , Encuestas Epidemiológicas

RESUMEN

Youth exposed to community violence and neighborhood stressors report devastating mental health consequences. Black youth are at greater risk and experience community violence at rates higher than other youth populations. An underexplored mental health consequence is anxiety sensitivity, the fear of experiencing anxiety-related symptoms, which contributes to maladaptive coping strategies and the development and severity of other mental health problems. This study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine socio-ecological risk and protective factors associated with community violence exposure and anxiety sensitivity among low-income Black youth. Survey data are from a sample of 320 Black youth residing in public and subsidized housing in a Northeastern city in the United States. Results indicated that neighborhood risk, parenting behaviors, and exposure to delinquent peers were indirectly associated with anxiety sensitivity, which occurred through community violence exposure. Additionally, neighborhood risks had direct effects on anxiety sensitivity. Results point to the need to incorporate social and environmental factors in interventions addressing anxiety sensitivity among Black youth in urban communities.

Asunto(s)

Ansiedad , Negro o Afroamericano , Exposición a la Violencia , Responsabilidad Parental , Características de la Residencia , Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Femenino , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Negro o Afroamericano/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Responsabilidad Parental/psicología , Responsabilidad Parental/etnología , Ansiedad/etnología , Ansiedad/psicología , Exposición a la Violencia/psicología , Grupo Paritario , Factores de Riesgo , Niño , Población Urbana

RESUMEN

Digital health technologies may offer an alternate approach to augmenting the established mental health care delivery systems for migrants and promoting their mental well-being. This review aims to provide a broad examination of literature, to determine the impact of technology-based interventions on outcomes of immigrants and refugees experiencing mental health symptoms associated with pre-and postmigration stress (depression, anxiety, psychological stress, PTSD). We searched five electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the ACM digital library). We included studies that looked at the effectiveness of any technologybased intervention (internet or phone-based, telepsychiatry, telemedicine, digital technology, videoconferencing, or tele video). We limited our search to articles written in English and published up until January 2202. Two reviewers independently extracted article data and evaluated the quality of studies using the Cochrane risk-of-bias criteria and ROBINS-I risk of bias evaluation tool. We found scant evidence that the use of digital interventions, such as mobile-based therapies, video conferencing, and digital platforms, is associated with a statistically significant reduction in depressive and anxious symptoms among immigrants and refugees. In the included trials, no evidence of a substantial decrease in PTSD symptoms was found following the use of a self-help mobile app. Our systematic review revealed intriguing but limited evidence that digital psychological therapies can reduce depression in immigrants and refugees. Future study with a randomized experimental design is required to examine the effectiveness of digital treatments in lowering the impacts of mental health outcomes among immigrants.

Asunto(s)

Emigrantes e Inmigrantes , Refugiados , Telemedicina , Humanos , Refugiados/psicología , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/terapia , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/etnología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/psicología , Depresión/terapia , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/etnología , Comunicación por Videoconferencia , Ansiedad/terapia , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/etnología , Estrés Psicológico/terapia , Estrés Psicológico/psicología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Access to evidence-based interventions is urgently required, especially for individuals of minoritized identities who experience unique barriers to mental health care. Digital mental health interventions have the potential to increase accessibility. Previous pilot studies testing HabitWorks, a smartphone app providing an interpretation bias intervention, have found strong engagement and adherence for HabitWorks; however, previous trials' samples consisted of predominantly non-Hispanic, White individuals. OBJECTIVE: This study conducted an open trial of HabitWorks in a community sample of adults who identified as Black, Hispanic or Latinx, or both. This study aims to test safety, acceptability, and engagement with the HabitWorks app for Black and Latinx adults. METHODS: Black, Hispanic or Latinx adults (mean age 32.83, SD 11.06 y; 22/31, 71% women) who endorsed symptoms of anxiety or depression were asked to complete interpretation modification exercises via HabitWorks 3 times per week for 1 month. Interpretation bias and anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed at baseline and posttreatment assessments. Participants completed qualitative interviews to assess overall perceptions of HabitWorks. RESULTS: Of the 31 participants that downloaded the app, 27 (87%) used HabitWorks all 4 weeks. On average, participants completed 15.74 (SD 7.43) exercises out of the 12 prescribed, demonstrating high engagement. Acceptability ratings met all a priori benchmarks except for relevancy. Qualitative interviews also demonstrated high acceptability and few negative experiences. Significant improvements were found in interpretation style (t30=2.29; P<.001), with a large effect size (Cohen d=1.53); anxiety symptoms (t30=2.29; P=.03), with a small effect size (Cohen d=0.41); and depression symptoms (t30=3.065; P=.005), with a medium effect size (Cohen d=0.55). CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to the literature evaluating digital mental health interventions in Black and Latinx adults. Preliminary results further support a future controlled trial testing the effectiveness of HabitWorks as an intervention.

Asunto(s)

Negro o Afroamericano , Hispánicos o Latinos , Aplicaciones Móviles , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Teléfono Inteligente , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/psicología , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud/etnología , Depresión/terapia , Depresión/etnología , Depresión/psicología , Adulto Joven , Ansiedad/terapia , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/etnología , Persona de Mediana Edad

RESUMEN

Importance: Racial discrimination is a psychosocial stressor associated with youths' risk for psychiatric symptoms. Scarce data exist on the moderating role of amygdalar activation patterns among Black youths in the US. Objective: To investigate the association between racial discrimination and risk for psychopathology moderated by neuroaffective processing. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study used longitudinal self-report and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from Black youth participants in the US from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Data were analyzed from January 2023 to May 2024. Exposures: At time 1 of the current study (12 months after baseline), youths self-reported on their experiences of interpersonal racial discrimination and their feelings of marginalization. Amygdalar response was measured during an emotionally valenced task that included blocks of faces expressing either neutral or negative emotion. Main Outcomes and Measures: At 24 and 36 months after baseline, youths reported their internalizing (anxiety and depressive symptoms) and externalizing symptoms (aggression and rule-breaking symptoms). Results: A total of 1596 youths were a mean (SD) age of 10.92 (0.63) years, and 803 were female (50.3%). Families in the study had a mean annual income range of $25 000 to $34 999. Two factors were derived from factor analysis: interpersonal racial discrimination and feelings of marginalization (FoM). Using structural equation modeling in a linear regression, standardized ß coefficients were obtained. Neural response to faces expressing negative emotion within the right amygdala significantly moderated the association between FoM and changes in internalizing symptoms (ß = -0.20; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.07; P < .001). The response to negative facial emotion within the right amygdala significantly moderated the association between FoM and changes in externalizing symptoms (ß = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.43; P = .02). Left amygdala response to negative emotion significantly moderated the association between FoM and changes in externalizing symptoms (ß = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.01; P = .04). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study of Black adolescents in the US, findings suggest that amygdala function in response to emotional stimuli can both protect and intensify the affective outcomes of feeling marginalized on risk for psychopathology, informing preventive interventions aimed at reducing the adverse effects of racism on internalizing and externalizing symptoms among Black youths.

Asunto(s)

Amígdala del Cerebelo , Negro o Afroamericano , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Racismo , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Racismo/psicología , Negro o Afroamericano/psicología , Negro o Afroamericano/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Amígdala del Cerebelo/fisiopatología , Amígdala del Cerebelo/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Estudios Longitudinales , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Depresión/etnología , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/etnología , Estudios de Cohortes , Autoinforme

RESUMEN

Immigration-related problems and stressors are prevalent and pressing concerns among Latinx and Asian American school-age youth. Youth fears related to family deportation have been associated with adverse mental health outcomes. This study used an ecological framework to examine the impact of immigration stress and school- and community-level resources and protective factors on Latinx and Asian American youth internalizing symptoms. The sample included 1309 Asian American and 701 Latinx students (N = 2010) who participated in a routine school-based mental health needs assessment survey. Multilevel regressions analyses revealed that first-generation youth, Latinx youth, and female youth were more vulnerable to experiencing immigration-related problems and worry. Student perceptions of negative school climate and community violence were associated with greater internalizing symptoms regardless of immigration worry. Moderation analyses revealed that immigration-related problems and worry were positively associated with internalizing symptoms and that this relationship did not differ by race/ethnicity. However, immigration worry was a particular risk factor for students who perceived their neighborhood community as safe. Findings highlight that a sociopolitical climate that sows immigration-related challenges fuels youth distress and that students' experiences of their community environment can play an essential role as a psychological resource.

Asunto(s)

Asiático , Hispánicos o Latinos , Instituciones Académicas , Estrés Psicológico , Estudiantes , Violencia , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Asiático/psicología , Estudiantes/psicología , Violencia/psicología , Violencia/etnología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/etnología , Características de la Residencia , Emigración e Inmigración , Niño , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/etnología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted mental health in the general population in Britain. Ethnic minority people suffered disproportionately, in terms of health and economic outcomes, which may contribute to poorer mental health. We compare the prevalence of depression and anxiety across 18 ethnic groups in Britain during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data (February-November 2021) from 12,161 participants aged 18-60 years old (N with data on outcomes = 11,540 for depression & 11,825 for anxiety), obtained from the Evidence for Equality National Survey (EVENS). Data were weighted to account for selection bias and coverage bias. Weighted regression models examined ethnic differences in depression (Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and anxiety (Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7). Effect modification analyses explored whether ethnic differences in outcomes were consistent within age and sex sub-groups. RESULTS: Compared to White British people, greater odds of anxiety caseness (and greater anxiety symptoms) were observed for Arab (OR = 2.57; 95 % CI = 1.35-4.91), Mixed White and Black Caribbean (1.57; 1.07-2.30), any other Black (2.22, 1.28-3.87) and any other Mixed (1.58; 1.08-2.31) ethnic groups. Lower odds of depression caseness (and lower depressive symptoms) were identified for Chinese (0.63; 0.46-0.85), Black African (0.60; 0.46-0.79), and any other Asian (0.55; 0.42-0.72) ethnic groups. LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional data limits the opportunity to identify changes in ethnic inequalities in mental health over time. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified certain ethnic groups who may require more targeted mental health support to ensure equitable recovery post-pandemic. Despite finding lower levels of depression for some ethnic groups, approximately one third of people within each ethnic group met criteria for depression.

Asunto(s)

COVID-19 , Etnicidad , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Ansiedad/etnología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/etnología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , COVID-19/etnología , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/etnología , Depresión/epidemiología , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Etnicidad/psicología , Salud Mental/etnología , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , SARS-CoV-2 , Reino Unido/epidemiología , Reino Unido/etnología , Árabes , Grupos Raciales , Población Negra , Pueblos Caribeños , Población Blanca , Pueblo Africano , Pueblo Asiatico

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Racial/ethnic differences exist in the prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). However, few studies have examined racial/ethnic differences in the association between ACEs and poor mental health outcomes in young adulthood. METHODS: Data on 10 self-reported, recalled ACEs (prior to age 18) and current symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, and sleep problems in early adulthood were collected from 2,020 young adults (age 20-23 years) between January and June 2021 enrolled in a Southern California prospective community-based cohort. Logistic regression models run in 2022-2023 evaluated the association of cumulative (0, 1, 2, 3, 4+ ACEs), grouped (abuse, neglect, household dysfunction), and individual ACE exposure with mental health outcomes; interaction models tested for differences by race/ethnicity. RESULTS: All ACE exposures (cumulative, grouped, individual ACEs) were associated with increased odds of most mental health symptoms. Significant differences by race/ethnicity emerged for individual and grouped (but not cumulative) ACEs. For example, associations of any abuse-related ACE and emotional and physical abuse with depressive symptoms were greater for Hispanic participants than for those of another race/ethnicity. Further, associations of emotional abuse with sleep problems were greater for Hispanic participants than for Asian American and Pacific Islander participants (interaction ps<0.05). Though not significant, the association of familial incarceration with depression symptoms was higher for AAPI participants than for other racial/ethnic groups (interaction p-value=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of individual and grouped ACEs reveals important racial/ethnic heterogeneity in associations with mental health outcomes. Findings have implications for targeted prevention efforts for racial/ethnic groups at higher risk for poor mental health.

Asunto(s)

Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia , Salud Mental , Humanos , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/etnología , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Estudios Prospectivos , California/epidemiología , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos , Salud Mental/etnología , Etnicidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Etnicidad/psicología , Depresión/etnología , Depresión/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/etnología , Ansiedad/etnología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/etnología , Trastornos del Sueño-Vigilia/epidemiología , Adulto

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial stress and psychopathology frequently co-occur, with patterns differing by race and ethnicity. We used statistical mixtures methodology to examine associations between prenatal stress and child temperament in N = 382 racially and ethnically diverse maternal-child dyads to disentangle associations among maternal stressful life events, maternal psychological functioning in pregnancy, childhood neurobehavior, and maternal race and ethnicity. METHODS: This study utilized data from a longitudinal pregnancy cohort, PRogramming of Intergenerational Stress Mechanisms (PRISM). Mothers completed the Lifetime Stressor Checklist-Revised, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Scale during pregnancy. When their children were 3-5 years of age, they completed the Children's Behavior Questionnaire, which yields three temperament dimensions: Negative Affectivity (NA), Effortful Control (EC), and Surgency (S). We used weighted quantile sum regression to derive a weighted maternal stress index encompassing lifetime stress and depression and anxiety symptoms and examined associations between the resulting stress index and child temperament. Differential contributions of individual stress domains by race and ethnicity also were examined. RESULTS: Mothers self-identified as Black/Black Hispanic (46.1 %), non-Black Hispanic (31.9 %), or non-Hispanic White (22 %). A higher maternal stress index was significantly associated with increased child NA (ß = 0.72 95 % CI = 0.35, 1.10). Lifetime stress was the strongest contributor among Hispanic (36.7 %) and White (17.8 %) mothers, whereas depressive symptoms in pregnancy was the strongest contributor among Black (16.7 %) mothers. CONCLUSION: Prenatal stress was most strongly associated with negative affectivity in early childhood. Consideration of multiple stress measures as a mixture accounted for differential contributions of individual stress domains by maternal race and ethnicity. These findings may help elucidate the etiology of racial/ethnic disparities in childhood neurobehavior.

Asunto(s)

Ansiedad , Depresión , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Estrés Psicológico , Temperamento , Adulto , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Embarazo , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/etnología , Depresión/psicología , Etnicidad/psicología , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Estudios Longitudinales , Madres/psicología , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/psicología , Funcionamiento Psicosocial , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Población Blanca/psicología , Negro o Afroamericano

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although previous research has established a relationship between childhood trauma and later-life anxiety and depression symptoms in American Indian samples, less is known about protective factors that may reduce the strength of this relationship. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to investigate in a sample of American Indian adults, whether age moderates the relationship between self-compassion and poor mental health associated with childhood trauma. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Seven hundred and twenty-nine self-identifying American Indian adults (age 18-95) residing in the United States completed an online survey. METHOD: All participants were self-identifying American Indian adults recruited via Qualtrics, which utilized targeted recruiting through managed research panels. Participants self-reported age, gender, income, and completed measures of self-compassion, childhood trauma, and symptoms of anxiety and depression. RESULTS: Lower self-compassion predicted higher levels of both anxiety symptoms (ß = -2.69, R2change = 0.24, t(718) = -15.92, p < .001) and depression symptoms (ß = -2.23, R2change = 0.26, t(718) = -16.30, p < .001). In line with our hypothesis, there was a significant three-way interaction between age, childhood trauma exposure and self-compassion in predicting later-life symptoms of anxiety (ß = -0.68, t(712) = -3.57, p < .001, R2change = 0.01) and depression (ß = -0.54, t(712) = -3.32, p = .001, R2change = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that for older American Indian adults, self-compassion may be a particularly promising protective factor for symptoms of depression for those who have experienced high levels of childhood trauma, and for symptoms of anxiety regardless of childhood trauma exposure.

Asunto(s)

Ansiedad , Depresión , Empatía , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Ansiedad/etnología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/psicología , Depresión/etnología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Factores de Edad , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/estadística & datos numéricos , Experiencias Adversas de la Infancia/psicología , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/psicología , Adultos Sobrevivientes del Maltrato a los Niños/estadística & datos numéricos , Autoimagen , Indígenas Norteamericanos/psicología , Indígenas Norteamericanos/estadística & datos numéricos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Despite the high burden of anxiety and hypertension in Hispanic/Latino adults, little is known about their association in this population. PURPOSE: To examine the associations of anxiety symptoms with 6-year changes in blood pressure (BP) and incident hypertension in Hispanic/Latino adults. METHODS: We examined data from a probability sample of 10,881 Hispanic/Latino persons aged 18-74 who attended visits 1 (V1; 2008-2011) and 2 (V2; 2014-2017) of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a prospective cohort study. Anxiety symptoms were assessed at V1 using the 10-item Spielberger Trait Anxiety Scale (M = 17.1; Range = 10-40) and dichotomized using a cut-point of 20, the highest quartile in this cohort. BP was measured at both visits using a standardized protocol. RESULTS: Adults with elevated anxiety symptoms had a 1.02 mm Hg greater increase in systolic (p = .02) and a 0.75 mm Hg greater increase in diastolic BP (p = .02) over 6.1 years than those with lower symptoms, after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical covariates. These associations differed by sex. Elevated anxiety was associated with a greater increase in systolic and diastolic BP in men only. Among persons without hypertension at V1 (N = 7,412), those with elevated anxiety symptoms at V1 had a 22% higher incidence of hypertension (p = .02) 6.1 years later. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings underscore the importance of screening for and treating elevated anxiety symptoms to help prevent hypertension. Further research on the role of sex and underlying mechanisms is warranted.

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This study investigated the relationship between anxiety symptoms and changes in blood pressure, as well as the incidence of hypertension among Hispanic/Latino adults over time. Using data from 10,881 Hispanic/Latino adults who participated in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, we found that men, but not women, with elevated anxiety symptoms experienced a greater increase in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure over a 6-year period compared to those with lower symptoms. Additionally, among 7,412 participants who were free of hypertension at baseline, individuals with elevated anxiety symptoms developed hypertension at a higher rate after 6 years of follow-up compared to those with lower symptoms. These findings suggest that anxiety symptoms play a role in the development of hypertension among Hispanic/Latino adults, underscoring the importance of screening for and addressing elevated anxiety to potentially prevent hypertension.

Asunto(s)

Ansiedad , Presión Sanguínea , Hispánicos o Latinos , Hipertensión , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Hipertensión/epidemiología , Hipertensión/etnología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/etnología , Adulto Joven , Adolescente , Anciano , Presión Sanguínea/fisiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Incidencia , Estados Unidos/epidemiología

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: On October 7, 2023, Israeli citizens came under an unprecedented terrorist attack that impacted the entire country. Recent research has begun to document the mental health impact of the attack but has yet to address the question of whether the attack had a differential impact across ethnic communities. In this nationwide prospective cohort study, we aimed to determine possible differences in psychopathology between Jews and Arabs in the post-October 7th attack. Specifically, we aimed to understand the role ethnicity may play in changes in probable PTSD, depression, and anxiety diagnoses from pre- to post-attack. METHODS: The sample comprised 656 participants (332 female, 50.7%) aged 18-85 (M = 41.01, SD = 13.72). Of this cohort, 557 participants (84.9%) were Jews, and 99 (15.1%) were Arabs, reflecting their national proportionality. Validated self-report questionnaires were completed to assess PTSD, depression, and anxiety at two time points: August 20 to 30th, 2023 (T1; 6-7 weeks before the attack) and November 9-19, 2023 (T2; 5-6 weeks after the attack). RESULTS: At T2, Arab Israeli participants reported significantly higher prevalences of probable PTSD, depression, and anxiety diagnoses than Jewish Israeli participants. A series of hierarchical logistic regressions revealed that, compared with Jews, Arab participants presented with higher prevalence of probable PTSD (OR = 2.53 95% CI = 1.46-4.37, p < 0.0001), depression (OR = 1.68 95% CI = 1.35-3.01, p < 0.0001) and anxiety (OR = 6.42 95% CI = 3.95-10.52, p < 0.0001), controlling for prevalences of probable diagnoses at T1 as well as for trauma-related variables. DISCUSSION: Citizens belonging to the Arab ethnic minority in Israel were found to be at higher risk for psychopathology in the aftermath of the October 7, 2023, terrorist attack compared with their Jewish majority counterparts. Thus, it becomes critical to employ culturally sensitive assessments and interventions following the attack to prevent the development of chronic symptoms and disorders.

Asunto(s)

Ansiedad , Árabes , Depresión , Judíos , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Terrorismo , Humanos , Femenino , Árabes/estadística & datos numéricos , Árabes/psicología , Masculino , Israel/epidemiología , Israel/etnología , Judíos/estadística & datos numéricos , Judíos/psicología , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Terrorismo/psicología , Terrorismo/estadística & datos numéricos , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/epidemiología , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/etnología , Anciano , Adolescente , Estudios Prospectivos , Adulto Joven , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/etnología , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Ansiedad/etnología , Salud Mental/etnología , Salud Mental/estadística & datos numéricos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, older Asians have experienced a rise in racism and discrimination based on their race and ethnicity. This study examines how anti-Asian hate impacts older Asians' mental, social, and physical health. METHODS: From March 18, 2022 to January 24, 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional survey study of community-dwelling Asian/Asian American adults aged ≥50 years from the San Francisco Bay Area. Measures included perceptions of anti-Asian hate; direct encounters with hate incidents; indirect experiences with hate incidents (e.g. knowing a friend who was a victim); reports of anxiety, depression, loneliness, and changes in daily activities; ways to address these issues; and discussions with clinicians about hate incidents. RESULTS: Of the 293 older Asians, 158 (54%) were Vietnamese and 97 (33%) Chinese. Eighty-five (29%) participants were direct victims of anti-Asian hate, 112 (38%) reported anxiety, 105 (36%) reported depression, 161 (55%) reported loneliness, and 142 (48%) reported decreased daily activities. Compared with those who were "not-at-all" to "moderately" worried about hate incidents, participants who were "very" to "extremely" worried experienced heightened anxiety (42% versus 16%), loneliness (30% versus 14%), and changes in daily activities (66% versus 31%), p < 0.01 for all. Most participants (72%) felt comfortable discussing hate incidents with clinicians; however, only 31 (11%) reported that a clinician had talked with them about these incidents. CONCLUSION: Both directly and indirectly, anti-Asian hate negatively impacts older Asians' mental, social, and physical health. Clinicians have a role in addressing the health impacts of anti-Asian hate.

Asunto(s)

Asiático , COVID-19 , Odio , Soledad , Humanos , Masculino , Anciano , Femenino , Estudios Transversales , Asiático/psicología , Asiático/estadística & datos numéricos , COVID-19/psicología , COVID-19/etnología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Soledad/psicología , Racismo/psicología , Racismo/estadística & datos numéricos , San Francisco/epidemiología , SARS-CoV-2 , Depresión/etnología , Depresión/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/etnología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estado de Salud , Actividades Cotidianas/psicología

RESUMEN

Using data from Korean-American residents (N = 343) in subsidized senior housing in the Los Angeles area, we examined the effect of peer bullying on mental health. About 18% of the sample had been a target of bullying, and over 31% had witnessed someone being bullied. Being a target of bullying was a significant predictor for both depressive symptoms and anxiety, whereas witnessing other residents being bullied was a significant predictor for anxiety only. Findings shed light on the adverse mental health impacts of peer bullying among ethnic minority older residents in senior housing.

Asunto(s)

Asiático , Acoso Escolar , Grupo Paritario , Humanos , Los Angeles , Anciano , Masculino , Femenino , Acoso Escolar/psicología , Asiático/psicología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Salud Mental , Depresión/etnología , Depresión/psicología , Viviendas para Ancianos , Ansiedad/psicología , Ansiedad/etnología

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and anxiety sensitivity (AS) are associated with increased alcohol use and coping-motivated drinking among university students. This study among trauma-exposed Hispanic/Latinx university students sought to examine the indirect effect of PTSS on alcohol use severity through coping-motivated drinking and test the moderating role of AS and AS subfacets. METHODS: University students who identified as Hispanic/Latinx (N = 830) were recruited from a large, urban, southern university and completed online, self-report questionnaires. RESULTS: A significant interactive effect of PTSS and AS on coping-motivated drinking emerged. PTSS exerted a significant indirect effect on alcohol use severity, through coping-motivated drinking. Simple slope analyses revealed that PTSS was associated with coping-motivated drinking across all levels of AS. Post hoc results revealed unique biological sex differences in probable diagnosis odds ratios. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that PTSS and AS are associated with coping-motivated drinking and alcohol use severity in trauma-exposed, Hispanic/Latinx university students.

Asunto(s)

Adaptación Psicológica , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas , Ansiedad , Hispánicos o Latinos , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Estudiantes , Humanos , Hispánicos o Latinos/estadística & datos numéricos , Hispánicos o Latinos/psicología , Masculino , Femenino , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático/etnología , Adulto Joven , Estudiantes/psicología , Estudiantes/estadística & datos numéricos , Universidades , Ansiedad/etnología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/epidemiología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/etnología , Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/psicología , Adulto , Consumo de Alcohol en la Universidad/psicología , Consumo de Alcohol en la Universidad/etnología , Adolescente , Diagnóstico Dual (Psiquiatría)