RESUMEN

INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica continua sendo realizada em grande número de pacientes. Apesar dos enxertos arteriais serem preferidos devido sua patência, enxertos de veia safena continuam sendo usados regularmente. Os aneurismas de enxertos venosos são uma rara complicação cirúrgica tardia, aprensentandose em média 10 anos após a revascularização. A maioria dos pacientes com aneurisma são assintomáticos e suas principais complicações são embolização distal, IAM e formação de fístula e rotura. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente feminina, 65 anos, com antecedente de RVM com ponte mamária para coronária descendente anterior (MIE-DA) e pontes safena para diagonal, primeiro e segundo marginal e coronária direita. Em cateterismo 2023, ponte MIE-DA estava pérvia, com oclusão das demais. Relatou dor torácica típica, com piora do padrão há 15 dias. Apresentou ECG com padrão de isquemia circunferencial e curva ascendente de troponina, sendo Internada por IAMSSST. No ecocardiograma visualizou-se aumento da porção distal de aorta ascendente com grande dilatação e formação de uma neocavidade medindo 63x57mm, adjacente a parede posterior da aorta ascendente próximo a junção sinotubular com fluxo, rechaçando a parede do átrio esquerdo e o anel valvar mitral e possível compressão do tronco da coronária esquerda e artéria pulmonar. À ressonância cardíaca evidenciou neocavidade junto à raiz da aorta e porção ascendente com sinais de compressão extrínseca importante das artérias pulmonares. Foi considerado como hipótese diagnóstica um aneurisma do enxerto Ao-MG2, com compressão extrínseca da circulação coronariana causando dor e isquemia. DISCUSSÃO: Aneurisma de enxertos venosos geralmente são assintomáticos, mesmo quando possuem diâmetros entre 5 e 10 cm. A compressão do leito coronariano nativo por efeito de massa pode levar a IAM, até mesmo com alteração de ECG, como observado no caso relatado. O tratamento mais comumente proposto é a correção cirúrgica, contudo, em pacientes com múltiplas toracotomias e alto risco cirúrgico, pode-se optar pela embolização percutânea. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de complicação relativamente rara, os aneurismas de enxertos venosos devem ser considerados diante de episódio de dor torácica em pacientes previamente submetidos à revascularização miocárdica.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

RATIONALE: Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a necrotizing vasculitis that affects small- and medium-sized arteries, presenting with diverse clinical manifestations. It can impact tissues and organs throughout the body and may be life-threatening in severe cases. Common causes of death include cardiac, renal, and gastrointestinal complications or aneurysm rupture. While separate reports of renal aneurysm and intestinal perforation exist, the coexistence of these conditions is rarely documented. This study reports a severe case of PAN complicated by both renal aneurysm and intestinal perforation, aiming to deepen the understanding of this disease, aid in clinical diagnosis and treatment, and improve patient prognosis. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient presented to the hospital with dorsal foot pain and abdominal pain persisting for more than 4 months, along with pain and discomfort in both lower extremities for over 1 month. INTERVENTIONS: The patient was diagnosed with PAN, renal aneurysm, intestinal perforation, and grade 3 hypertension (high risk). OUTCOMES: After treatment, the patient showed normal temperature and blood pressure, relief from abdominal pain, and disappearance of myalgia and numbness in the lower limbs. Additionally, the renal aneurysm shrank significantly, the intestinal perforation healed, the ileostomy was reduced, and the patient's condition stabilized. LESSONS: The clinical symptoms of PAN mostly lack specificity, and should be distinguished from microscopic polyangiitis and simulated vasculitis. For patients with intestinal perforation similar to this case, tocilizumab treatment may be effective, but further research is needed to confirm it.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Subclavian artery aneurysm is usually rare. We report a case of a right subclavian artery aneurysm with infective endocarditis. A 36-year-old woman was admitted at our hospital due to a cerebral embolism. The echocardiogram showed severe mitral regurgitation with vegetation, and computed tomography (CT) revealed an intrathoracic right subclavian artery aneurysm. The 59×39 mm-sized mass was located distal to the vertebral artery. Mitral valvuloplasty, tricuspid annuloplasty, and aneurysm surgery with extra-anatomical bypass were performed simultaneously. The aneurysm was resected through a median sternotomy and right supraclavicular and subclavicular incisions. Revascularization with transthoracic aorto-axillary extra-anatomical bypass was also performed. The postoperative course was uneventful with no noted complications.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCTION: Neurovascular involvement in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) presents with a wide spectrum of manifestations. Its frequency is low, albeit probably underestimated. There is currently no known specific treatment, and treatment is based on recommendations with limited evidence. This report describes a case of vascular dysplasia in a patient with NF1. CASE REPORT: A 67-year-old woman with a genetic diagnosis of NF1 and a history of multiple exeresis of neurofibromas in the left cervical region. The patient presented with a painful flare-up and swelling in the region. A cervical magnetic resonance imaging was performed, which showed signs of plexiform neurinoma growth and a lesion suggestive of aneurysm in the left cervical internal carotid artery. A subsequent computed tomographic angiography confirmed the presence of a thrombosed aneurysm with associated critical stenosis, and identified three additional aneurysms in the proximal left vertebral artery. Given the asymptomatic presentation and adequate haemodynamic compensation, the patient was prescribed a conservative treatment and clinicoradiological follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Neurovascular alterations associated with NF1 are infrequent, and the optimal treatment for them is unknown. Studies to define its true prevalence, determine its pathophysiological substrate and estimate the risk of cerebrovascular complications more precisely are needed. This could provide more robust recommendations for the population of NF1 patients, especially in asymptomatic cases.

TITLE: Patología neurovascular en el paciente con neurofibromatosis de tipo 1. A propósito de un caso.Introducción. La afectación neurovascular en pacientes con neurofibromatosis de tipo 1 (NF1) cursa con un amplio espectro de manifestaciones y su frecuencia es baja, aunque probablemente infraestimada. En la actualidad, su tratamiento específico se desconoce y se basa en recomendaciones con bajo nivel de evidencia. Se describe un caso de displasia vascular en una paciente con NF1. Caso clínico. Mujer de 67 años con diagnóstico genético de NF1 e historia de exéresis múltiple de neurofibromas en la región cervical izquierda. La paciente presentaba un cuadro de reagudización dolorosa y tumefacción en dicha región, por lo que se le realizó una resonancia magnética cervical, que mostró signos de crecimiento de neurinomas plexiformes y una lesión sugestiva de aneurisma en la arteria carótida interna izquierda cervical. Un estudio de angiotomografía computarizada posterior confirmó la presencia de un aneurisma trombosado con estenosis crítica asociada e identificó tres aneurismas adicionales en la arteria vertebral izquierda proximal. Ante la presentación asintomática y la adecuada compensación hemodinámica, se decidió tratamiento conservador y seguimiento clinicorradiológico. Conclusiones. Las alteraciones neurovasculares asociadas a la NF1 son infrecuentes y su tratamiento óptimo se desconoce. Son necesarios estudios que definan con mayor precisión su prevalencia real, su sustrato fisiopatológico y una estimación del riesgo de complicaciones cerebrovasculares. De este modo, se podrían ofrecer recomendaciones más sólidas para la población de pacientes con NF1, especialmente en los casos asintomáticos.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Superficial temporal artery aneurysm is a rare vascular abnormality without specific clinical symptoms. In this case report, we present the case of a patient with superficial temporal artery aneurysm who was diagnosed with migraine headache at first. CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old Iranian man with a previous history of headaches, who did not respond properly to the treatments following the initial diagnosis of migraine, presented with a painless lump in the left temporal region, and he was diagnosed with superficial temporal artery aneurysm via Doppler ultrasound. Finally, surgical removal of the left superficial temporal artery aneurysm was performed. CONCLUSIONS: This case shows the importance of vascular causes in the approach to headache etiologies, especially when the headache is prolonged without proper responses to treatment. Computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography are appropriate diagnostic methods for aneurysm detection that should be considered in future studies.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Takayasu arteritis is an inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology affecting large vessels. Medium vessel involvement is also well documented; however, neuropathy as a presenting manifestation is rare. In this case report, a young woman in her 20s presented with an 8-month history of intermittent claudication in the right upper limb progressing to rest pain with allodynia in C5-C8 distribution and painless right axillary mass. On examination, she had absent pulses in the right radial, brachial and subclavian artery with audible bruit in the right subclavian and abdominal aorta. CT angiogram showed features suggestive of Takayasu arteritis with a partially thrombosed aneurysm arising from the right axillary artery leading to compression of the right brachial plexus. This patient received treatment with methotrexate and oral corticosteroids. At 3 months follow-up, there was a reduction in the size of the aneurysm, resolution of compressive symptoms and normalisation of inflammatory markers.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Aneurysms of the pulmonary arteries and the ascending aorta are rare, and both bear a high mortality risk if left untreated. In general, these entities are primarily caused by etiologies such as hypertension, pulmonary arterial hypertension, infection or congenital disorders. Treatment requires a rapid diagnostic work-up or even immediate surgical intervention in acute cases. Nevertheless, surgery entails serious perioperative risks, in particular in patients with multiple comorbidities. CASE PRESENTATION: We discuss a 70-year-old woman presented with decompensated heart failure based on severe pulmonary artery hypertension, coincided by a massive pulmonary artery aneurysm with secondary embolism. Additional diagnostic imaging also showed a chronic post-dissection, saccular aneurysm of the ascending aorta. To our knowledge, this simultaneous diagnosis of a saccular aneurysm of the ascending aorta and a large aneurysm of the pulmonary artery with secondary embolism has not yet been described. Nonetheless, conservative treatment was chosen due to extensive pulmonal and cardiovascular comorbidities and the high-risk profile of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive aneurysmatic disease of the pulmonary arteries and ascending aorta come with a serious burden of disease, especially if coincided by severe pulmonal and cardiovascular comorbidities. Both conditions can be curatively treated by surgical intervention. However, in every case the risk of surgery and the patient's vitality, comorbidities and wishes should be taken into account to formulate an adequate treatment plan. Therefore, shared decision making is of utter importance.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

True aneurysm of the radial artery is very rare. Aneurysmal expansion of arteries due to degenerative changes, possibly infections, primarily affects the abdominal and thoracic aorta, intra and extracranial sections of cerebral arteries, popliteal artery, and visceral arteries. Published literature does not address the aneurysm on the distal sections of the arteries of upper or lower limb. Unlike the classic symptoms of aneurysmally altered arteries such as rupture, thrombosis and embolization, we encounter more often vascular compression syndrome in distal peripheral aneurysms. We demonstrate the case management of a patient with over 20 years increasing wrist resistance. A fusiform aneurysm of the distal section of the radial artery was identified by sonography. Under general anesthesia, we performed aneurysm resection and artery reconstruction using an interpositum from the ipsilateral cephalic vein. The histological examination of the resected tissue confirmed the presence of all three layers of the vascular wall, confirming the true aneurysm of the radial artery. No complications developed in the patient in the postoperative period and all problems related to the aneurysm subsided (Fig. 4, Ref. 23). Keywords: aneurysm, arteria radialis, surgical reconstruction.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The combination of the right aortic arch and aberrant left subclavian artery (ALSA) with Kommerell's diverticulum (KD) is rare to coexist with the left innominate vein (LINV) beneath the aortic arch. It escalates the surgical risk undoubtedly and increases the difficulty of clinical procedures. We report one case diagnosed by Ultrasound and Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA).

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

An arterial aneurysm is a localized weakening of the artery wall that results in pathological dilatation. All intra-abdominal artery aneurysms are labeled as visceral artery aneurysms (VAA), apart from the aorto-iliac artery aneurysms. VAA´s are rare, gastroduodenal artery aneurysms (GDAA), constituting 1.5% of visceral artery aneurysms. A woman in her early 80s´ presented with chronic epigastric pain, weight loss, and nausea. Conservative management was unsuccessful. Imaging revealed a GDAA, prompting endovascular coil embolization. Subsequent evaluation confirmed Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN), treated with rituximab. The report underscores the diagnostic challenges, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach using imaging and angiography. GDAA's potential life-threatening rupture necessitates prompt intervention, as illustrated in this case. The rare association with PAN, although infrequent, underscores the importance of considering underlying etiologies in multiple visceral aneurysms. Early diagnosis and intervention are pivotal for this uncommon yet potentially lethal condition.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

A pulmonary venous aneurysm (PVA) is extremely rare. A PVA can be either congenital or acquired. Possible symptoms include thoracic pain, dyspnoea, haemoptysis and palpitations but can also occur asymptomatically. Treatment can be conservative or surgical depending on growth and risk of rupture or development of mitral insufficiency, symptoms and thrombus formation. Only a few cases have been described in the literature. A recent case study and a literature review are described below.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Renal artery pseudoaneurysm following partial nephrectomy is a rare entity, the incidence of this entity is more common following penetrating abdominal injuries, percutaneous renal interventions such as percutaneous nephrostomy(PCN) or Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Although rare, renal artery pseudoaneurysm can be life threatening if not managed timely, they usually present within two weeks postoperatively with usual presenting complains being gross haematuria, flank pain and/or anaemia. CASE PRESENTATION: We report case of two female patients 34 and 57 year old respectively of South Asian ethnicity, presenting with renal artery pseudoaneurysm following left sided robot assisted nephron sparing surgery for interpolar masses presenting clinically with total, painless, gross haematuria with clots within fifteen days postoperatively and their successful treatment by digital subtraction angiography and coil embolization. CONCLUSION: Renal artery aneurysm is a rare fatal complication of minimally invasive nephron sparing surgery however considering the preoperative and intraoperative risk factors for its development and prompt suspicion at the outset can be life saving with coil embolization of the bleeding arterial aneurysm.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Pulmonary Artery Aneur ysm (PAA), whether congenital or acquired, is a rare diagnostic find ing com pare d to aor tic aneur ysms. There have been fe w cases where PA As were documented as a complication of untreated Patent Ductus Ar teriosus (PDA) due to long-standing Pulmonary Arterial H ypertension (PAH). However, it is quite rare for a case of PAA to be reported with co-existing PDA without PAH. This report highlights a case of a five -year-old girl who was presented with palpitations, easy fatigability, fever, c yanos is, and vomiting. A Chest X-ray s howed mo derate cardiomega ly. A PDA of 6 mm was diagnosed on Transthoracic E chocardiog rap hy ( TTE ) and a large cavity con necte d with LPA raised suspicion of a possible LPA aneur ysm. A Chest CT scan confirm ed the diagnosis of a saccular aneurysm, originating from the distal part of the main Left Pulmonary Artery (LPA) just proximal to the point of bifurcation into lobar branches, measuring 7.5x6.5 cm. During surgery, the aneurysm was opened, emptied with suction and closed without resecting the aneur ysmal walls. The patient had an uneventful post-op course and is doing well during regular interval follow up visits.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis type 1 is an autosomal-dominant disease characterized by café-au-lait spots and neurofibromas, as well as various other symptoms in the bones, eyes, and nervous system. Due to its connection with vascular fragility, neurofibromatosis type 1 has been reported to be associated with vascular lesions, such as aneurysms. However, there have been few reports of abdominal visceral aneurysms associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. Furthermore, there have been no reports of robotic treatment of aneurysms associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. In this report, we describe the case of a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 with a splenic artery aneurysm who was successfully treated with robotic surgery. CASE PRESENTATION: This report describes a 41-year-old Asian woman with a history of neurofibromatosis type 1 who was referred to our hospital for evaluation of a 28 mm splenic artery aneurysm observed on abdominal ultrasound. The aneurysm was in the splenic hilum, and transcatheter arterial embolization was attempted; however, this was difficult due to the tortuosity of the splenic artery. Thus, we suggested minimally invasive robotic surgery for treatment and resection of the splenic artery aneurysm with preservation of the spleen. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on the eighth day after surgery. At 1 year of follow-up, the patient was doing well, with no evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: We encountered a rare case of splenic artery aneurysm in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 who was successfully treated with robotic surgery. There is no consensus on treatment modalities for neurofibromatosis-related aneurysms, and endovascular treatment is considered safe and effective; however, surgery remains an important treatment modality. Especially in patients with stable hemodynamic status, robotic surgery may be considered as definitive treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first successfully treated case of a splenic artery aneurysm in a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1.

Asunto(s)

Asunto(s)