RESUMEN

Oxidative stress in adipose tissue may alter the secretion pattern of adipocytokines and potentially promote atherosclerosis. However, the therapeutic role of hydrogen in adipose tissue under oxidative stress remains unclear. In this study, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) was collected from the mid-thoracic wounds of 12 patients who underwent open-heart surgery with a mid-thoracic incision. The adipose tissue was then immersed in a culture medium dissolved with hydrogen, which was generated using a hydrogen-generating device. The weight of the adipose tissue was measured before and after hydrogenation, and the tissue was immunostained for nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), which are markers of oxidative stress. The immunostaining results showed that HO-1 and Nrf2 expression levels were significantly decreased in the hydrogenated group, whereas SOD expression levels increased, but did not attain statistical significance. Image analysis of adipose tissue revealed that a reduction in adipocyte size. Furthermore, hydrogenated adipose tissue showed a trend toward increased gene expression levels of adiponectin and decreased gene expression levels of chemerin, an adipocytokine involved in adipogenesis. These results demonstrated the therapeutic potential of hydrogen gas for oxidative stress in adipose tissue and for reducing adipocyte size.

Asunto(s)

Tejido Adiposo , Hidrógeno , Estrés Oxidativo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Hidrógeno/farmacología , Hidrógeno/metabolismo , Masculino , Femenino , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/metabolismo , Hemo-Oxigenasa 1/genética , Anciano , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Adiponectina/genética , Adipocitos/metabolismo , Adipocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Grasa Subcutánea/metabolismo , Grasa Subcutánea/efectos de los fármacos , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The metabolic syndrome phenotype of individuals with obesity is characterized by elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and remnant particles, which have been shown to be significantly atherogenic. Understanding the association between adipokines, endogenous hormones produced by adipose tissue, and remnant cholesterol (RC) would give insight into the link between obesity and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 1791 MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) participants who took part in an ancillary study on body composition with adipokine levels measured (leptin, adiponectin, and resistin) at either visit 2 or visit 3. RC was calculated as non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol minus low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, measured at the same visit as the adipokines, as well as subsequent visits 4 through 6. Multivariable-adjusted linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between adipokines and log-transformed levels of RC. Mean±SD age was 64.5±9.6 years; mean±SD body mass index was 29.9±5.0 kg/m2; and 52.0% were women. In fully adjusted cross-sectional models that included body mass index, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and lipid-lowering therapy, for each 1-unit increment in adiponectin, there was 14.6% (95% CI, 12.2-16.9) lower RC. With each 1-unit increment in leptin and resistin, there was 4.8% (95% CI, 2.7-7.0) and 4.0% (95% CI, 0.2-8.1) higher RC, respectively. Lower adiponectin and higher leptin were also associated with longitudinal increases in RC levels over median follow-up of 5 (interquartile range, 4-8) years. CONCLUSIONS: Lower adiponectin and higher leptin levels were independently associated with higher levels of RC at baseline and longitudinal RC increase, even after accounting for body mass index and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Asunto(s)

Adipoquinas , Adiponectina , Aterosclerosis , Colesterol , Leptina , Resistina , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Aterosclerosis/sangre , Aterosclerosis/etnología , Aterosclerosis/epidemiología , Leptina/sangre , Adipoquinas/sangre , Adiponectina/sangre , Colesterol/sangre , Resistina/sangre , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Triglicéridos/sangre , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/etnología , Obesidad/epidemiología , Estudios Longitudinales , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Prospectivos

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The formation of macrosomia is associated with excessive nutrition and/or unable to regulate effectively. This case-control study aims to explore the relationship between macrosomia and glucose, lipids and hormones levels in maternal and cord serum. METHODS: In the case-control study, 78 pairs of mothers and newborns were recruited who received care at one hospital of Hebei, China between 2016 and 2019. According to the birth weight (BW) of newborns, participants were divided into macrosomia group (BW ≥ 4000 g, n = 39) and control group (BW between 2500 g and 3999 g, n = 39). Maternal vein blood and cord vein blood were collected and assayed. All data were compared between the two groups. Unconditional logistics regression analysis was used to test the relationship between macrosomia and glucose, lipids and hormones in maternal and cord serum. RESULTS: In maternal and cord serum, the levels of leptin, leptin/adiponectin ratio (LAR), glucose and triglyceride (TG) in macrosomia group were higher than those in control group, and the levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower. The percentage of maternal glucose and lipids transfer to cord blood did not differ between the two groups. High levels of TG in maternal serum were positively correlated with macrosomia, and high levels of LAR, TG and glucose in cord serum were positively correlated with macrosomia. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the results of the current study, suggest that the nutrients and metabolism-related hormones in maternal and umbilical cord are closely related to macrosomia. During pregnancy, the nutritional status of pregnant women should be paid attention to and to obtain a good birth outcome.

Asunto(s)

Glucemia , Sangre Fetal , Macrosomía Fetal , Leptina , Humanos , Femenino , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Macrosomía Fetal/sangre , Embarazo , Sangre Fetal/química , Adulto , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Recién Nacido , Leptina/sangre , China , Lípidos/sangre , Triglicéridos/sangre , Adiponectina/sangre , Peso al Nacer , HDL-Colesterol/sangre

RESUMEN

AIMS: Obesity is a global public health issue, and some studies have linked it to an increased risk of prostatic diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a high-fat diet on metabolic parameters and prostate morphology in wild-type (WT) and adiponectin knockout (KO) mice. MAIN METHODS: Male WT and KO mice were fed a control diet (CD) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 months. Serum metabolic parameters, inflammatory cytokines in epididymal fat tissue, dorsal prostatic lobe morphometry and histopathology were analyzed. KEY FINDINGS: CD WT and CD KO mice did not exhibit altered metabolic or prostatic parameters. However, HFD WT mice showed altered glucose and insulin tolerance even without excessive weight gain. On the other hand, HFD KO mice developed obesity, with an increase in low-density lipoprotein (11.8 ± 5.1 vs. 31.4 ± 3.6 mg/dL), high-density lipoprotein (73.4 ± 7.4 vs. 103.4 ± 2.5 mg/dL), and total cholesterol levels (126.2 ± 16.1 vs. 294.6 ± 23.2 mg/dL), a decrease in insulin levels (28.7 ± 12.2 vs. 4.6 ± 2.3 µIU/mL), and glucose and insulin resistance. We also observed that HFD KO animals display an increase in inflammatory cytokines, such as IL6, IL1ß, and IL1RA. The dorsal prostate from HFD KO animals also presented significant increases in the mast cells (1.9 ± 0,7 vs. 5,3 ± 1.5 cells/field) and Ki67 index (2.91 ± 0.6 vs. 4.7 ± 0.4 %). SIGNIFICANCE: The above findings highlight the complex interactions between adiponectin, metabolism, malnutrition, and prostate health. Metabolic deregulation combined with adipose inflammation potentially induces a proliferative and inflammatory microenvironment in the prostate gland under conditions of low adiponectin production, potentially impairing prostate morphophysiology in the context of obesity and aging.

Asunto(s)

Adiponectina , Citocinas , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Ratones Noqueados , Obesidad , Próstata , Animales , Masculino , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Adiponectina/sangre , Ratones , Citocinas/metabolismo , Próstata/patología , Próstata/metabolismo , Obesidad/metabolismo , Obesidad/patología , Obesidad/etiología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Resistencia a la Insulina , Inflamación/metabolismo , Inflamación/patología

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Obesity increases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesize that 'obese' epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is, regardless of comorbidities, associated with markers of AF vulnerability. METHODS: Patients >40y of age undergoing bariatric surgery and using <2 antihypertensive drugs and no insulin were prospectively included. Study investigations were conducted before and 1y after surgery. Heart rhythm and p-wave duration were measured through ECGs and 7-d-holters. EAT-volume and attenuation were determined on non-enhanced CT scans. Serum markers were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS: Thirty-seven patients underwent surgery (age: 52.1 ± 5.9y; 27 women; no AF). Increased p-wave duration correlated with higher BMI, larger EAT volumes, and lower EAT attenuations (p < 0.05). Post-surgery, p-wave duration decreased from 109 ± 11 to 102 ± 11ms. Concurrently, EAT volume decreased from 132 ± 49 to 87 ± 52ml, BMI from 43.2 ± 5.2 to 28.9 ± 4.6kg/m2, and EAT attenuation increased from -76.1 ± 4.0 to -71.7 ± 4.4HU (p <0.001). Adiponectin increased from 8.7 ± 0.8 to 14.2 ± 1.0 µg/ml (p <0.001). However, decreased p-wave durations were not related to changed EAT characteristics, BMI or adiponectin. CONCLUSION: In this explorative study, longer p-wave durations related to higher BMIs, larger EAT volume, and lower EAT attenuations. P-wave duration and EAT volume decreased, and EAT attenuation increased upon drastic weightloss. However, there was no relation between decreased p-wave duration and changed BMI or EAT characteristics.

Asunto(s)

Tejido Adiposo , Fibrilación Atrial , Pericardio , Pérdida de Peso , Humanos , Fibrilación Atrial/metabolismo , Fibrilación Atrial/fisiopatología , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Masculino , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Pericardio/metabolismo , Pericardio/patología , Obesidad/metabolismo , Estudios Prospectivos , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Adiponectina/sangre , Cirugía Bariátrica , Índice de Masa Corporal , Tejido Adiposo Epicárdico

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: It remains unclear which early gestational biomarkers can be used in predicting later development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). We sought to identify the optimal combination of early gestational biomarkers in predicting GDM in machine learning (ML) models. METHODS: This was a nested case-control study including 100 pairs of GDM and euglycemic (control) pregnancies in the Early Life Plan cohort in Shanghai, China. High sensitivity C reactive protein, sex hormone binding globulin, insulin-like growth factor I, IGF binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2), total and high molecular weight adiponectin and glycosylated fibronectin concentrations were measured in serum samples at 11-14 weeks of gestation. Routine first-trimester blood test biomarkers included fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum lipids and thyroid hormones. Five ML models [stepwise logistic regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest, support vector machine and k-nearest neighbor] were employed to predict GDM. The study subjects were randomly split into two sets for model development (training set, n = 70 GDM/control pairs) and validation (testing set: n = 30 GDM/control pairs). Model performance was evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) in receiver operating characteristics. RESULTS: FPG and IGFBP-2 were consistently selected as predictors of GDM in all ML models. The random forest model including FPG and IGFBP-2 performed the best (AUC 0.80, accuracy 0.72, sensitivity 0.87, specificity 0.57). Adding more predictors did not improve the discriminant power. CONCLUSION: The combination of FPG and IGFBP-2 at early gestation (11-14 weeks) could predict later development of GDM with moderate discriminant power. Further validation studies are warranted to assess the utility of this simple combination model in other independent cohorts.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores , Diabetes Gestacional , Aprendizaje Automático , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , Humanos , Diabetes Gestacional/sangre , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Femenino , Embarazo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Biomarcadores/sangre , Adulto , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo/sangre , China/epidemiología , Proteína 2 de Unión a Factor de Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/sangre , Globulina de Unión a Hormona Sexual/análisis , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/análisis , Factor I del Crecimiento Similar a la Insulina/metabolismo , Fibronectinas/sangre , Adiponectina/sangre , Glucemia/análisis , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Curva ROC , Modelos Logísticos

RESUMEN

This study hypothesized that SCFA, acetate impacts positively on hypothalamic pyroptosis and its related abnormalities in experimentally induced PCOS rat model, possibly through NrF2/HIF1-α modulation. Eight-week-old female Wister rats were divided into groups (n = 5), namely control, PCOS, acetate and PCOS + acetate groups. Induction of PCOS was performed by administering 1 mg/kg body weight of letrozole for 21 days. After PCOS confirmation, the animals were treated with 200 mg/kg of acetate for 6 weeks. Rats with PCOS were characterized with insulin resistance, leptin resistance, increased plasma testosterone as well as degenerated ovarian follicles. There was also a significant increase in hypothalamic triglyceride level, triglyceride-glucose index, inflammatory biomarkers (SDF-1 and NF-kB) and caspase-6 as well as plasma LH and triglyceride. A decrease was observed in plasma adiponectin, GnRH, FSH, and hypothalamic GABA with severe inflammasome expression in PCOS rats. These were accompanied by decreased level of NrF2/HIF1-α, and the alterations were reversed when treated with acetate. Collectively, the present results suggest the therapeutic impact of acetate on hypothalamic pyroptosis and its related comorbidity in PCOS, a beneficial effect that is accompanied by modulation of NrF2/HIF1-α.

Asunto(s)

Hipotálamo , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Piroptosis , Ratas Wistar , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/inducido químicamente , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/metabolismo , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/patología , Femenino , Animales , Hipotálamo/metabolismo , Hipotálamo/efectos de los fármacos , Hipotálamo/patología , Piroptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Subunidad alfa del Factor 1 Inducible por Hipoxia/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Letrozol/farmacología , Triglicéridos/sangre , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Hormona Luteinizante/sangre , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/sangre , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Adiponectina/sangre , Testosterona/sangre , Leptina/sangre , Leptina/metabolismo , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/metabolismo , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease that affects millions of people worldwide. It is caused by abnormalities in cholinergic neurons, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cascades. The illness is accompanied by personality changes, memory issues, and dementia. Metabolic signaling pathways help with fundamental processes like DNA replication and RNA transcription. Being adaptable is essential for both surviving and treating illness. The body's metabolic signaling depends on adipokines, including adiponectin (APN) and other adipokines secreted by adipose tissues. Energy homeostasis is balanced by adipokines, and nutrients. Overconsumption of nutrients messes with irregular signaling of adipokines, such as APN in both peripheral and brain which leads to neurodegeneration, such as AD. Despite the failure of traditional treatments like memantine and cholinesterase inhibitors, natural plant bioactive substances like Osmotin (OSM) have been given a focus as potential therapeutics due to their antioxidant properties, better blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, excellent cell viability, and especially nanoparticle approaches. The review highlights the published preclinical literature regarding the role of OSM in AD pathology while there is a need for more research to investigate the hidden therapeutic potential of OSM which may open a new gateway and further strengthen its healing role in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, especially AD.

Asunto(s)

Adiponectina , Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Humanos , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Estrés Oxidativo/fisiología

RESUMEN

Biochemical recurrence is a process that progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and prediction of biochemical recurrence is useful in determining early therapeutic intervention and disease treatment. Prostate cancer is surrounded by adipose tissue, which secretes adipokines, affecting cancer progression. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between blood adipokines and CRPC biochemical recurrence. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, including preoperative serum adipokine levels, of 99 patients with pT3a pN0 prostate cancer who underwent proctectomy between 2011 and 2019. The primary outcome was biochemical recurrence (prostate-specific antigen: PSA > 0.2). We identified 65 non-recurrences and 34 biochemical recurrences (one progressed to CRPC). The initial PSA level was significantly higher (p = 0.006), but serum adiponectin (p = 0.328) and leptin (p = 0.647) levels and their ratio (p = 0.323) were not significantly different in the biochemical recurrence group compared with the non-recurrence group. In contrast, significantly more biochemical recurrences were observed in the group with adiponectin < 6 µg/mL and Leptin < 4 ng/mL (p = 0.046), initial PSA > 15 ng/mL, clinical Gleason pattern ≥ 4, and positive resection margin. A significant difference was also observed in the multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 4.04, 95% confidence interval: 1.21-13.5, p = 0.0232). Thus, low preoperative serum adiponectin and high leptin levels were significantly associated with biochemical recurrence in adipose tissue-invasive prostate cancer, suggesting that they may be useful predictors of biochemical recurrence. Further studies with larger cases are needed to increase the validity of this study.

Asunto(s)

Adiponectina , Tejido Adiposo , Leptina , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Adiponectina/sangre , Leptina/sangre , Anciano , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/sangre , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/patología , Antígeno Prostático Específico/sangre , Estudios Retrospectivos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Biomarcadores de Tumor/sangre , Pronóstico , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/sangre , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/patología

RESUMEN

Human milk (HM) composition, including metabolic hormones and lipids, is influenced by various factors, including lactation stage and, potentially, infant sex, which may affect infant body composition (BC) development. We aimed to: (a) characterize the longitudinal concentration and intake profiles of HM leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and total lipids; (b) determine if their concentrations and intakes differ by infant sex; and (c) explore the intakes relationships with the development of infant BC. Milk samples (n = 501) were collected from 82 mother-infant dyads during the first 6 months postpartum. Infant 24 h HM intake was measured, and the average cumulative HM component intakes were calculated. The statistical analysis used linear mixed modeling. Intakes of HM leptin, adiponectin, insulin, and total lipids increased to 1 month postpartum and then remained stable. HM intake and total lipids intake but not hormone intakes were positively associated with infant BC (fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, fat mass, fat mass index, percentage fat mass, and fat mass to fat-free mass ratio). HM component concentrations and intakes did not differ by sex. These findings advance our understanding of the temporal nature of HM components, emphasizing the role of infant 24 h HM and total lipids intake in development of infant lean and adipose tissue.

Asunto(s)

Composición Corporal , Leptina , Lípidos , Leche Humana , Humanos , Leche Humana/química , Femenino , Masculino , Lactante , Adulto , Leptina/sangre , Adiponectina , Insulina/sangre , Fenómenos Fisiológicos Nutricionales del Lactante , Recién Nacido , Factores Sexuales , Lactancia Materna , Lactancia

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Glucose metabolic disorder is associated with the risk of heart failure (HF). Adiposity is a comorbidity that is inextricably linked with abnormal glucose metabolism in older individuals. However, the effect of adiposity on the association between glucose metabolic disorder and HF risk, and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. METHODS: A total of 13,251 participants aged ≥ 60 years from a cohort study were categorized into euglycemia, prediabetes, uncontrolled diabetes, and well-controlled diabetes. Adiposity was assessed using body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and visceral fat area (VFA). Adiposity-associated metabolic activities were evaluated using adiponectin-to-leptin ratio (ALR), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglyceride-glucose index (TyG). The first occurrence of HF served as the outcome during the follow-up period. RESULTS: A total of 1,138 participants developed HF over the course of an average follow-up period of 10.9 years. The rate of incident HF occurrence was higher in prediabetes, uncontrolled diabetes, and well-controlled diabetes participants compared to that in euglycemia participants. However, the high rates were significantly attenuated by BMI, VFA, and WHR. For WHR in particular, the hazard ratio for incident HF was 1.18 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.35, Padj.=0.017) in prediabetes, 1.59 (95% CI: 1.34, 1.90, Padj.<0.001) in uncontrolled diabetes, and 1.10 (95% CI: 0.85, 1.43, Padj.=0.466) in well-controlled diabetes. The population attributable risk percentage for central obesity classified by WHR for incident HF was 30.3% in euglycemia, 50.0% in prediabetes, 48.5% in uncontrolled diabetes, and 54.4% in well-controlled diabetes. Adiposity measures, especially WHR, showed a significant interaction with glucose metabolic disorder in incident HF (all Padj.<0.001). ALR was negatively associated and HOMA-IR and TyG were positively associated with BMI, WHR, VFA, and incident HF (all Padj.<0.05). ALR, HOMA-IR, and TyG mediated the associations for BMI, WHR and VFA with incident HF (all Padj.<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Adiposity attenuated the association of glucose metabolic disorder with incident HF. The results also showed that WHR may be an appropriate indicator for evaluating adiposity in older individuals. Adiposity-associated metabolic activities may have a bridging role in the process of adiposity attenuating the association between glucose metabolic disorder and incident HF. TRIAL REGISTRATION: retrospectively registered number: ChiCTR-EOC-17,013,598.

Asunto(s)

Adiposidad , Biomarcadores , Glucemia , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Estado Prediabético , Humanos , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/epidemiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/sangre , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Masculino , Femenino , Anciano , Estudios Prospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Glucemia/metabolismo , Medición de Riesgo , Incidencia , Factores de Riesgo , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estado Prediabético/epidemiología , Estado Prediabético/diagnóstico , Estado Prediabético/sangre , Factores de Tiempo , Factores de Edad , Índice de Masa Corporal , Resistencia a la Insulina , Relación Cintura-Cadera , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/diagnóstico , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Adiponectina/sangre , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiología , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus/sangre , Pronóstico , Grasa Intraabdominal/fisiopatología , Grasa Intraabdominal/metabolismo , Leptina

RESUMEN

It had been observed that homozygous albumin knockout mice (Alb-/-) exhibit low plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration and improved blood glucose regulation. However, it was not yet known to what extent heterozygous albumin knockout (Alb+/-) mice would display a similar phenotype. Alb-/-, Alb+/-, and wild-type (WT) female mice were studied on a low-fat diet (LFD) or high-fat diet (HFD). On both diets, decreased plasma FFA concentration, and improved glucose tolerance test were observed in Alb-/-, but not in Alb+/-, compared to WT. Plasma adiponectin concentration showed greater elevation in Alb-/- than Alb+/-. Consistent with that, adiponectin gene expression was significantly higher in Alb-/- mice than in Alb+/- and WT mice. A dose-dependent response was observed for hepatic Acadl gene expression showing higher Acadl gene expression in Alb-/- mice than in Alb+/- and WT mice. In conclusion, although female Alb+/- mice exhibited some slight differences from WT mice (e.g., increased plasma adiponectin and hepatic Acadl gene expression), Alb+/- mice did not exhibit improved glucoregulation in comparison to WT mice, indicating that a minor suppression of albumin expression is not sufficient to improve glucoregulation. Furthermore, it is now clear that although the response of female mice to HFD might be unique from how males generally respond, still the complete albumin deficiency in Alb-/- mice and the associated FFA reduction is capable of improving glucoregulation in females on this diet. The present results have implications for the role of albumin and FFA in the regulation of metabolism.

Asunto(s)

Adiponectina , Albúminas , Glucemia , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados , Ratones Noqueados , Animales , Femenino , Adiponectina/genética , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Adiponectina/sangre , Ratones , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/sangre , Ácidos Grasos no Esterificados/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Albúminas/metabolismo , Albúminas/genética , Glucemia/metabolismo , Hígado/metabolismo , Dieta con Restricción de Grasas , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Albúmina Sérica/metabolismo , Albúmina Sérica/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL

RESUMEN

Introduction: Children and young adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) are at increased risk of obesity and insulin resistance. There is evidence that children with CAH have increased visceral adiposity, which has been linked to metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The adipokine adiponectin has been shown to correlate with reduced metabolic risk, whereas the adipokines visfatin and leptin have been linked to visceral fat and adipocyte inflammation and can serve as biomarkers of increased metabolic risk. Few studies to date have characterized adipokine levels in children and young adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. We sought to investigate the relationship between adiponectin, leptin and visfatin levels to metabolic risk factors and androgen levels in children and young adults with CAH. Methods: Fasting blood was obtained for visfatin, leptin, adiponectin, glucose, insulin, CRP, lipid panel, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and HbA1c, as well as standard laboratory tests to assess adrenal control, from children with CAH due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. HOMA-IR was calculated based on fasting glucose and insulin. Anthropomorphic measurements of BMI and waist-to-hip ratio were also obtained. Results: Adiponectin and androstenedione were inversely correlated (R = -0.57, p =0.016). There was a positive correlation between leptin and BMI percentile (R = 0.63, p <0.001) as well as leptin and HOMA-IR (R = 0.63, p <0.01). Glucocorticoid dose had a positive correlation with HOMA-IR (R=0.56, p = 0.021). Visfatin was inversely correlated with HDL cholesterol (R = -0.54, p = 0.026) and total cholesterol (R = -0.49, p <0.05). Overweight children and young adults had a significantly higher leptin (p = 0.02) and HOMA-IR (p=0.001) than non-overweight children and young adults. Conclusion: The inverse relationship between adiponectin and androstenedione suggests that better CAH control can reduce the risk of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. However, a high glucocorticoid dose appears to increase the risk of insulin resistance, underscoring the delicate balance required when treating CAH.

Asunto(s)

Adipoquinas , Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita , Andrógenos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferasa , Humanos , Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita/sangre , Hiperplasia Suprarrenal Congénita/metabolismo , Niño , Femenino , Masculino , Adolescente , Adipoquinas/sangre , Nicotinamida Fosforribosiltransferasa/sangre , Adulto Joven , Andrógenos/sangre , Leptina/sangre , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangre , Adiponectina/sangre , Citocinas

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Systemic low-grade inflammation, measured by plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, is an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). To date, however, it is unknown whether plasma hsCRP is associated with adverse histological plaque features. METHODS: Plaques were derived during carotid endarterectomy. Patients with hsCRP levels ≥2 mg/L were evaluated for pro-inflammatory and adverse plaque characteristics, as well as future ASCVD events, and compared with patients with low hsCRP levels. Logistic and linear regression analyses in addition to subdistribution hazard ratios were conducted, adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS: A total of 1096 patients were included, of which 494 (46.2 %) had hsCRP levels ≥2 mg/L. Elevated hsCRP levels 2 mg/L were independently associated with levels of plaque interleukin 6, beta coefficient of 109.8 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 33.4, 186.5; p = 0.005) pg/L, interleukin 8 levels, 194.8 (110.4, 378.2; p = 0.03) pg/L and adiponectin plaque levels, -16.8 (-30.1, -3.6; p = 0.01) µg/L, compared with plaques from patients with low hsCRP levels. Histological analysis revealed increased vessel density in high hsCRP patients, odds ratio (OR) of 1.57 (1.20, 2.09; p = 0.001), larger lipid core, 1.35 (1.02, 1.73; p = 0.04), and increased macrophage content, 1.32 (1.02, 1.73; p = 0.04). Over a 3-year follow-up period, hsCRP levels ≥2 mg/L were associated with a hazard ratio of 1.81 (1.03, 3.16; p = 0.04) for coronary artery disease event risk. CONCLUSIONS: The distinct inflammatory and histological features observed in carotid plaques among individuals with hsCRP levels ≥2 mg/L underscore the utility of plasma hsCRP as a potent identifier for patients harboring high-risk plaques.

Asunto(s)

Biomarcadores , Proteína C-Reactiva , Endarterectomía Carotidea , Inflamación , Fenotipo , Placa Aterosclerótica , Humanos , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Masculino , Placa Aterosclerótica/sangre , Femenino , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Biomarcadores/sangre , Inflamación/sangre , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Adiponectina/sangre , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/sangre , Enfermedades de las Arterias Carótidas/patología , Interleucina-6/sangre , Interleucina-8/sangre , Arterias Carótidas/patología , Modelos Logísticos , Pronóstico , Receptores Inmunológicos

RESUMEN

Objective. Genetic factors substantially contribute to the development and duration of arterial hypertension. The study of the A1166C polymorphism of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor gene (AGTR1) in arterial hypertension is an auspicious area for assessing the relationship between heredity, hypertension development, and adipokines, but it still remains debatable. The purpose of the current study was to investigate serum adipokines levels depending on the AGTR1 A1166C polymorphism. Methods. A total of 86 patients with arterial hypertension were examined, who underwent the evaluation of the allelic A1166C polymorphism of AGTR1 by polymerase chain reaction with electrophoretic detection and determination of serum adipokines levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. In the group of patients with arterial hypertension, a significant increase in serum adipokines (resistin, adiponectin, and leptin) levels was found against the background of a decrease in the antianorexic hormone ghrelin with a predominance of CC genotype carriers compared with AA genotype carriers of the AGTR1. A statistically significant decrease in ghrelin and an increase in serum adipokines (resistin, adiponectin, and leptin) in CC genotype carriers compared with AA genotype carriers of the AGTR1 were found suggesting that CC genotype carriers may be predictors of the development of arterial hypertension in our patients. Conclusions. Statistically significant decrease in ghrelin and increase in serum adipokines (resistin, adiponectin, and leptin) were found in CC genotype carriers compared with AA genotype carriers of the AGTR1, which suggests that carriers of the CC genotype are predictors of the arterial hypertension development in our patients.

Asunto(s)

Adipoquinas , Hipertensión , Receptor de Angiotensina Tipo 1 , Humanos , Receptor de Angiotensina Tipo 1/genética , Femenino , Masculino , Hipertensión/genética , Hipertensión/sangre , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adipoquinas/sangre , Adipoquinas/genética , Adulto , Leptina/sangre , Leptina/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Adiponectina/sangre , Adiponectina/genética , Anciano , Ghrelina/genética , Ghrelina/sangre , Genotipo , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Resistina/genética , Resistina/sangre

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Reduced adiponectin (ADPN) levels have been implicated in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa). The role of glycolysis in cancer development and treatment has attracted increasing attention. The present study aimed to elucidate its impact on PCa and to explore the mechanistic involvement of glycolysis. METHODS: An RM-1 cell xenograft model of Adpn-knockout mice was used to corroborate the effects of glycolysis, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, and autophagy on tumor xenograft progression. The effect of ADPN on PCa cells was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), lactate levels, and flow cytometry. The expression of glycolysis-related genes was detected using real-time RT-PCR in LNCaP and PC-3 cells after incubation with ADPN. Autophagic flux after ADPN treatment was quantified by chloroquine intervention and confocal analysis of mRFP-GFP-LC3. Alterations in the levels of adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1), AMPK, Unc-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), autophagy-related protein 7 (ATG7), p62, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B) were assessed after incubation of LNCaP cells with ADPN. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis of xenograft tumors demonstrated significant upregulation of glycolysis in Adpn-/- mice. Lower levels of ADPN accelerated tumor xenograft growth, diminished p-AMPKα/AMPKα ratio and LC3B II/I ratio, and elevated levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) within the tumor microenvironment. ADPN inhibited proliferation and glycolysis and potentiated apoptosis in both cell lines. Expression of glycolysis-related genes decreased after ADPN treatment. Autophagic flux was elevated, as evidenced by changes in autophagy-related proteins and confocal microscopy analysis of mRFP-GFP-LC3. It led to the suppression of p62 while inducing phosphorylation of AMPKα and upregulating AdipoR1, ULK1, ATG7, and LC3B II/I ratio. CONCLUSION: ADPN inhibited the proliferation and progression of PCa cell-derived tumor xenografts by inhibiting glycolysis. Specifically, ADPN effectively inhibits glycolysis and activates the downstream AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway to suppress proliferation of PCa cells.

Asunto(s)

Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP , Adiponectina , Homólogo de la Proteína 1 Relacionada con la Autofagia , Autofagia , Glucólisis , Ratones Noqueados , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Transducción de Señal , Masculino , Animales , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Glucólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por AMP/metabolismo , Humanos , Homólogo de la Proteína 1 Relacionada con la Autofagia/metabolismo , Homólogo de la Proteína 1 Relacionada con la Autofagia/genética , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Adiponectina/genética , Línea Celular Tumoral , Autofagia/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Adiponectina/metabolismo , Receptores de Adiponectina/genética

RESUMEN

Nonsoy legumes offer many health benefits, including improved arterial function, reduced cholesterol levels, and better management of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to clarify the inconclusive findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) by comprehensively evaluating the effects of nonsoy legumes consumption on serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and Adiponectin. The search encompassed databases up to January 2024, including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL to retrieve all RCTs examining the effects of nonsoy legumes on inflammatory biomarkers or Adiponectin. The effect sizes quantified as mean differences (MD) and standard deviations (SD) of outcomes, and an overall effect estimate was derived using a random-effects model. RCTs examining serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and Adiponectin were included in the final meta-analysis. Results revealed that consumption of nonsoy legumes increased Adiponectin serum levels (P=.0017) and reduced IL-1ß serum levels (P<.0001). However, it may not significantly affect CRP (P=.2951), IL-6 (P=.2286), and TNF-α (P=.6661) levels. Subgroup analyses showed that nonsoy legumes consumption significantly decreased TNF-α serum levels in studies involving healthy participants. Additionally, sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method suggested a potential significant reduction in serum levels of IL-6. This study indicates that consuming nonsoy legumes can increase levels of Adiponectin and decrease serum levels of IL-1ß in overweight or obese adults.

Asunto(s)

Adiponectina , Biomarcadores , Fabaceae , Obesidad , Sobrepeso , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Humanos , Adiponectina/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Sobrepeso/sangre , Obesidad/sangre , Adulto , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Proteína C-Reactiva/análisis , Inflamación/sangre , Interleucina-1beta/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre

RESUMEN

Adipose tissue (AT), composed mainly of adipocytes, plays a critical role in lipid control, metabolism, and energy storage. Once considered metabolically inert, AT is now recognized as a dynamic endocrine organ that regulates food intake, energy homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, thermoregulation, and immune responses. This review examines the multifaceted role of adiponectin, a predominant adipokine released by AT, in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. We explore the regulatory mechanisms of adiponectin, its physiological effects and its potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and fatty liver disease. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of various dietary patterns, specific nutrients, and physical activities on adiponectin levels, highlighting strategies to improve metabolic health. Our comprehensive review provides insights into the critical functions of adiponectin and its importance in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis.

Asunto(s)

Adiponectina , Tejido Adiposo , Humanos , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Metabolismo Energético/fisiología , Animales , Homeostasis , Dieta , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/fisiología , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Enfermedades Metabólicas/metabolismo , Estado Nutricional , Adipocitos/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is linked to an elevated risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia, contributing to the intricate network of CKD-related metabolic disorders. Adipokines and myokines are markers and effectors of sarcopenia and nutritional status. The aim of this study was to assess whether the adipokine-myokine signature in patients on kidney replacement therapy could help identify malnutrition and sarcopenia. The study involved three groups: 84 hemodialysis (HD) patients, 44 peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, and 52 kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Mean age was 56.1 ± 16.3 years. Malnutrition was defined using the 7-Point Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and the Malnutrition-Inflammation Score (MIS). Sarcopenia was diagnosed based on reduced handgrip strength (HGS) and diminished muscle mass. Concentrations of adipokines and myokines were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 32.8% of all study participants were identified as malnourished and 20.6% had sarcopenia. For malnutrition, assessed using the 7-Point SGA, in ROC analysis albumin (area under the curve (AUC) 0.67 was the best single biomarker identified. In dialysis patients, myostatin (AUC 0.79) and IL-6 (AUC 0.67) had a high discrimination value for sarcopenia, and we were able to develop a prediction model for sarcopenia, including age, albumin, adiponectin, and myostatin levels, with an AUC of 0.806 (95% CI: 0.721-0.891). Adipokines and myokines appear to be useful laboratory markers for assessing malnutrition and sarcopenia. The formula we propose could contribute to a better understanding of sarcopenia and potentially lead to more effective interventions and management strategies for dialysis patients.

Asunto(s)

Adipoquinas , Biomarcadores , Desnutrición , Mioquinas , Sarcopenia , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adipoquinas/sangre , Adiponectina/sangre , Biomarcadores/sangre , Estudios Transversales , Fuerza de la Mano , Interleucina-6/sangre , Trasplante de Riñón , Desnutrición/diagnóstico , Desnutrición/etiología , Desnutrición/sangre , Mioquinas/sangre , Miostatina/sangre , Evaluación Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Diálisis Peritoneal , Diálisis Renal/efectos adversos , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/terapia , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/sangre , Terapia de Reemplazo Renal , Sarcopenia/etiología , Sarcopenia/sangre

RESUMEN

Background and Objectives: Recent studies have focused on the association between the risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and the rs1501299 and rs2241766 polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene; however, their results remain inconclusive. Thus, a systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to clarify the role of these polymorphisms in the development of DR. Materials and Methods: A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) was conducted until 25 June 2024, and a reference list of relevant articles was collected, which explored the association between the rs1501299 and rs2241766 polymorphisms of the ADIPOQ gene and the risk of DR. The pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated via random-effects model, and the meta-analysis was implemented by using Review Manager 5.4. Results: In total, 6 out of 182 studies, with 1888 cases (DR) and 2285 controls (without DR), were included in the meta-analysis. A statistically significant association between the rs1501299 polymorphism and the DR risk was recorded in G vs. T in the overall analysis (OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.72-0.99, p = <0.05, I2 = 23%, n = 5 studies). Additionally, the summary results in the subgroup analysis according to the control type were as follows: the DR versus diabetes mellitus (DM) control type revealed a statistically significant association in G vs. T: OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.67-0.97, p = <0.05, I2 = 27%, n = 4 studies; GG vs. GT: OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.53-0.98, p = <0.05, I2 = 49%, n = 4 studies; GG vs. (GT + TT): OR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.55-0.96, p = <0.05, I2 = 44%, n = 4 studies. No significant association was observed between the rs2241766 polymorphism and the DR risk. Conclusions: The current meta-analysis supports the association between the rs1501299 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene and the DR risk in patients with DM.

Asunto(s)

Adiponectina , Retinopatía Diabética , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Retinopatía Diabética/genética , Adiponectina/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Polimorfismo Genético , Factores de Riesgo , Oportunidad Relativa