RESUMEN

This study aimed to investigate the textural changes of cooked germinated brown rice (GBR) during freeze-thaw treatment and propose a strategy for enhancing its texture using magnetic field (MF). Seven freeze-thaw cycles exhibited more pronounced effects compared to 7 days of freezing, resulting in increases in GBR hardness by 85.59 %-164.36 % and decreases in stickiness by 10.34 %-43.55 %. Water loss, structural damage of GBR flour, and starch retrogradation contributed to the deterioration of texture. MF mitigated these effects by inhibiting the transformation of bound water into free water, reducing water loss by 0.39 %-0.57 %, and shortening the phase transition period by 2.0-21.5 min, thereby diminishing structural damage to GBR flour and hindering starch retrogradation. Following MF treatment (5 mT), GBR hardness decreased by 21.00 %, while stickiness increased by 45.71 %. This study elucidates the mechanisms through which MF enhances the texture, offering theoretical insights for the industrial production of high-quality frozen rice products.

Asunto(s)

Culinaria , Congelación , Germinación , Campos Magnéticos , Oryza , Oryza/química , Oryza/crecimiento & desarrollo , Oryza/metabolismo , Harina/análisis , Almidón/química , Almidón/metabolismo , Agua/química , Dureza , Manipulación de Alimentos , Semillas/química , Semillas/crecimiento & desarrollo

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Our previous study proved that epicatechin (EC) and ß-glucan (BG) from whole-grain highland barley synergistically modulate glucose metabolism in insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. However, the main target and the mechanism underlying the modulation of glucose metabolism in vivo remain largely unknown. In this study, cell transfection assay and microscale thermophoresis analysis revealed that EC and BG could directly bind to the insulin receptor (IR) and mammalian receptor for rapamycin (mTOR), respectively. Molecular dynamic analysis indicated that the key amino acids of binding sites were Asp, Met, Val, Lys, Ser, and Tys. EC supplementation upregulated the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway, while BG upregulated the mTOR/Akt pathway. Notably, supplementation with EC + BG significantly increased Akt and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) protein expressions, while decreasing glycogen synthase kinase 3ß (GSK-3ß) expression in liver cells as compared to the individual effects of EC and BG, indicating their synergistic effect on improving hepatic glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis. Consistently, supplementation with EC + BG significantly decreased blood glucose levels and improved oral glucose tolerance compared to EC and BG. Therefore, combined supplementation with EC and BG may bind to corresponding receptors, targeting synergistic activation of Akt expression, leading to the improvement of hepatic glucose metabolism and thereby ameliorating hyperglycemia in vivo.

Asunto(s)

Catequina , Glucosa , Hordeum , Hiperglucemia , Hígado , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , beta-Glucanos , Hordeum/química , beta-Glucanos/farmacología , beta-Glucanos/química , Animales , Ratones , Catequina/farmacología , Catequina/administración & dosificación , Hígado/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Humanos , Glucosa/metabolismo , Hiperglucemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperglucemia/metabolismo , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/metabolismo , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/genética , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 beta/metabolismo , Glucógeno Sintasa Quinasa 3 beta/genética , Glucemia/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/metabolismo , Serina-Treonina Quinasas TOR/genética , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Células Hep G2

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Whole grain consumption is widely recognized as a vital component of a balanced diet. Dietary fiber has been well-documented to play a crucial role in these health benefits attributed to whole grain intake. However, population-based evidence directly linking whole grain consumption to anti-inflammatory effects, especially in the context of immune-mediated inflammation, remains limited. We hypothesized that whole grain consumption promotes health by modulating immune-mediated inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was designed as a real-world, population-based randomized controlled trial. We compared the effects of whole grain versus refined grain consumption on immune-mediated inflammation through staple food substitution, while participants maintained their usual dietary practices. The results demonstrated that whole grain consumption significantly reduced circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-22 and IL-23 compared to refined grain consumption. These reductions were associated with optimized short-chain fatty acid profiles and changes in CD4+ T cell subset distributions. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that the anti-inflammatory effects of whole grain consumption in middle-aged and elderly populations are mediated by targeting specific CD4+ T cell subsets, in addition to modulating both upstream short-chain fatty acid composition and downstream expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-22 and IL-23.

RESUMEN

SCOPE: This study aims to identify the gut enterotypes that explain differential responses to intervention with whole grain rye by proposing an "enterotype - metabolic" model. METHODS AND RESULTS: A 12-week randomized controlled trial is conducted in Chinese adults, with 79 subjects consuming whole grain products with fermented rye bran (FRB) and 77 consuming refined wheat products in this exploratory post-hoc analysis. Responders or non-responders are identified according to whether blood glucose decreased by more than 10% after rye intervention. Compared to non-responders, responders in FRB have higher baseline Bacteroides (p < 0.001), associated with reduced blood glucose (p < 0.001), increased Faecalibacterium (p = 0.020) and Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG.003 (p = 0.022), as well as deceased 7ß-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (p = 0.033) after intervention. The differentiated gut microbiota and metabolites between responders and non-responders after intervention are enriched in aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. CONCLUSION: The work confirms the previously suggested importance of microbial enterotypes in differential responses to whole grain interventions and supports taking enterotypes into consideration for improved efficacy of whole grain intervention for preventing type 2 diabetes. Altered short-chain fatty acids and bile acid metabolism might be a potential mediator for the beneficial effects of whole grain rye on glucose metabolism.

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to assess the advantages of an industry-scale microfluidizer system (ISMS) to prepare whole-grain highland barley pulp (WHBP) compared with colloid milling. Storage stability was evaluated by particle size, gravity separation stability, and rheological properties, as well as the microstructure observation by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLMS). The results showed that colloid milling failed to effectively homogenize the material, while ISMS sample surfaces were compact and smooth at higher pressures according to visual observation and SEM. The Turbiscan stability index of WHBP by ISMS was much lower as a result of colloid milling, demonstrating ISMS can improve WHBP stability. WHBP by colloid milling displayed a three-peak particle size distribution pattern, while a single-peak pattern was evident after ISMS treatment. A higher shear rate decreased the apparent viscosity, suggesting that WHBP was a shear-thinning fluid. According to CLMS, ISMS can successfully improve homogenization by disrupting the structures of oil bodies, proteins, and starches. The WHBP prepared by ISMS exhibited a higher ß-glucan level than that prepared by colloid milling, and showed a significant increase in ß-glucan level with ISMS pressure. These findings indicate that using ISMS to produce WHBP is viable for enhancing its storage stability and nutritional value.

RESUMEN

Although whole grains have well-recognized protective effects against the development of cardiometabolic diseases, whole grain foods are poorly consumed by the general population. The aim of our study was to establish, at a population level, the vascular impact of a low intake of whole grain foods. From the initial cohort of the Brisighella Heart Study, we identified a population sample of 1503 individuals-including 720 men (47.9%) and 783 women (52.1%)-who overall largely consumed refined grain products. Diet quality was estimated by the Short Healthy Eating Index (sHEI), and women were found to have an eating pattern that was overall healthier than men (44.1 ± 8.5 vs. 36.3 ± 8.1, p < 0.001). The development of an age- and blood pressure (BP)-adjusted multiple linear regression model found that carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was significantly predicted by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, B = -0.148, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -0.259--0.038, p < 0.001), serum uric acid (SUA, B = 0.220, 95%CI 0.095-0.320, p = 0.001) and sHEI (B = -0.231, 95%CI -327--0.089, p < 0.001) in men, and by eGFR (B = -0.152, 95%CI -0.266--0.052, p < 0.001), body mass index (BMI, B = 0.174, 95%CI 0.111-0.331, p = 0.002), SUA (B = 0.278, 95%CI 0.158-0.354, p < 0.001) and sHEI (B = -0.218, 95%CI -308--0.115, p < 0.001) in women. Ultimately, a low sHEI score was a significant predictor of arterial stiffness also in a population cohort with a high consumption of refined grain products.

Asunto(s)

Dieta Saludable , Rigidez Vascular , Granos Enteros , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dieta Saludable/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Anciano , Presión Sanguínea , Velocidad de la Onda del Pulso Carotídeo-Femoral , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Ácido Úrico/sangre , Análisis de la Onda del Pulso

RESUMEN

Existing research shows an inconsistent correlation between whole-grain intake and obesity risk, with limited study on the dose-response relationship. Here, we aimed to examine this association and dose-response relationship among U.S. adults who participated in a NHANES (2003-2018). The intake of whole grain was collected and calculated from two rounds of 24 h dietary recall. Obesity was categorized based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate the odds of obesity according to whole-grain intake, and the dose-response relationship was modeled by restricted cubic spline regression. Among the 27,862 participants, 38.3% had general obesity, while 58.3% had abdominal obesity. After multivariate adjustment of potential confounders, the participants in the highest quintile of whole-grain intake had a lower prevalence of general obesity (OR 0.79; 95% CI 0.72-0.88) and abdominal obesity (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.73-0.89) compared with those in the lowest category. Spline regression showed an inversely linear dose-response association between whole-grain intake and the prevalence of general obesity and abdominal obesity. In conclusion, a higher whole-grain intake was associated with lower odds of obesity, both general and abdominal. Our findings highlight the importance of increasing the whole-grain intake to prevent and manage obesity.

Asunto(s)

Índice de Masa Corporal , Encuestas Nutricionales , Obesidad , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Granos Enteros , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Obesidad/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Obesidad Abdominal/epidemiología , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Transversales , Prevalencia , Adulto Joven , Anciano , Antropometría

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Although several epidemiological studies have identified an inverse association between healthy dietary patterns and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), little is known about the contribution of the food component to MASLD risk and the association between dietary patterns and severity of MASLD. This study aimed to investigate the association between healthy eating patterns and MASLD risk and severity of MASLD. METHODS: A case-control study including 228 patients diagnosed with MASLD and 228 controls was conducted. The modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and Alternative Mediterranean Diet (AMED) score were evaluated based on information collected via a validated food-frequency questionnaire. MASLD was confirmed if participants presented with ultrasound-diagnosed fatty liver diseases along with at least one of five cardiometabolic risk factors and no other discernible cause. The logistic regression models were applied to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of MASLD for dietary scores. RESULTS: Compared with participants in the lowest tertile, those in the highest tertile of AHEI had a 60% reduced risk of MASLD (OR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.25-0.66). Similar associations were also observed for DASH and AMED, with ORs comparing extreme tertiles of 0.38 (95% CI: 0.22-0.66) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.28-0.73), respectively. Further Stratified analysis revealed that the inverse associations between AHEI and DASH with MASLD risks were stronger among women than men, and the inverse associations between AMED and MASLD risks were more pronounced among participants with normal weight (OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.09-0.49). For components within the dietary score, every one-point increase in vegetable score and whole grain score within the AHEI was associated with an 11% (95% CI: 5-16%) and a 6% (95% CI: 0-12%) lower MASLD risk, respectively. Similar inverse associations with those scores were observed for the DASH and AMED. CONCLUSION: Greater adherence to healthy eating patterns was associated with reduced risk of MASLD, with vegetables and whole grains predominately contributing to these associations. These findings suggested that healthy eating patterns should be recommended for the prevention of MASLD.

Asunto(s)

Dieta Saludable , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/epidemiología , Enfermedad del Hígado Graso no Alcohólico/etiología , Dieta Saludable/estadística & datos numéricos , Adulto , Dieta Mediterránea/estadística & datos numéricos , Factores de Riesgo , Enfoques Dietéticos para Detener la Hipertensión , Conducta Alimentaria , Anciano , Oportunidad Relativa , Modelos Logísticos , Factores de Riesgo Cardiometabólico

RESUMEN

A whole-grain highland barley (WHB) diet has been recognized to exhibit the potential for alleviating hyperlipidemia, which is mainly characterized by lipids accumulation in the serum and liver. Previously, procyanidin B1 (PB) and coumaric acid (CA) from WHB were found to alleviate serum lipid accumulation in impaired glucose tolerance mice, while the effect on modulating the hepatic lipid metabolism remains unknown. In this study, the results showed the supplementation of PB and CA activated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and the target genes of cholesterol 7-α hydroxylase (CYP7A1) and carnitine palmitoyl transferase I (Cpt1) in the liver cells of high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced diabetic C57BL/6J mice, resulting in decreases in the serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) contents, and an increase in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) content. High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA indicated that supplementation with PB and CA ameliorated the gut microbiota dysbiosis, which was associated with a reduction in the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae and an increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Desulfovibrio, and Akkermansia. Spearman's correlation analysis revealed that these genera were closely related to obesity-related indices. In summary, the activation of PPARα expression by PB and CA from WHB was important for the alleviation of hyperlipidemia and the structural adjustment of the gut microbiota.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Consumption of whole grains is associated with a reduction in chronic diseases and offers benefits for cardiovascular health and metabolic regulation. The relationship between whole-grain corn and corn bran with the gut microbiota (GM) remains an area of growing interest, particularly regarding their influence on cardiometabolic health. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of different corn flours on cardiometabolic outcomes and GM changes in adults with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol) concentrations. METHODS: In this crossover study, 36 adults with LDL cholesterol above 110 mg/dL consumed 48 g/d of 3 corn flour types for 4 wk: whole-grain corn meal, refined corn meal (RCM), and a blend of RCM and corn bran (RCM + B). We assessed the impact on cardiometabolic markers [LDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL cholesterol), total cholesterol, and triglycerides)] and GM composition and estimated function. Statistical analyses included mixed-effects modeling and responder (>5% decrease in LDL cholesterol) analysis to evaluate changes in GM related to lipid profile improvements. RESULTS: Of the 3 corn flour types, only RCM + B significantly decreased LDL cholesterol over time (-10.4 ± 3.6 mg/dL, P = 0.005) and marginally decreased total cholesterol (-9.2 ± 3.9 mg/dL, P = 0.072) over time. There were no significant effects on HDL cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations. No significant changes were observed in GM alpha diversity, whereas beta diversity metrics indicated individual variability. Two genera, unclassified Lachnospiraceae and Agathobaculum (Padj ≤ 0.096), differed significantly by treatment, but only Agathobaculum remained significantly elevated in the whole-grain corn meal, compared to RCM and RCM + B, after adjustment for multiple comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: The type of corn flour, particularly RCM + B, notably influenced LDL cholesterol concentrations in adults with elevated LDL cholesterol. This study suggests that incorporating milled fractions (e.g., bran) of whole-grain corn with refined corn flour may be a viable alternative to supplementing manufactured grain products with isolated or synthetic fibers for improved metabolic health. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03967990.

Asunto(s)

LDL-Colesterol , Estudios Cruzados , Harina , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Zea mays , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Adulto , Anciano , Hipercolesterolemia/dietoterapia , Hipercolesterolemia/sangre , Colesterol/sangre , Triglicéridos/sangre

RESUMEN

Lactobacillus spp. inhibit the growth of Campylobacter spp. in vitro. However, in chicken crops, in which Lactobacillus spp. predominate, such inhibition of Campylobacter has not been confirmed. In our previous study, feeding paddy rice to broiler chicks increased the residence time of the food, which might enhance the bactericidal activity of the crop. Here, the bactericidal activity against the remaining Campylobacter spp. in broiler crops was evaluated. A suspension prepared by mixing Campylobacter jejuni and titanium dioxide (TiO2) was inoculated into the pharynx of 26-day-old broiler chicks fed a paddy rice-based diet. The crop contents were sampled at 20-min intervals. The TiO2 residual ratio in the crop gradually decreased with time after inoculation, with 57% of the inoculated TiO2 remaining in the crop 60 min after inoculation. The survival fraction of C. jejuni in the crops was 11% at 40 min, only 1% at 60 min, and was undetectable at 80 min. Most of the inoculated C. jejuni died in the crop before entering the next segment. These data indicated that bacterial death occurred between 30 min and 40 min after inoculation. The average survival time of C. jejuni in the crop was calculated to be 37.1 min. Thus, C. jejuni remaining in a chicken crop for more than 40 min died.

RESUMEN

Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) is a traditional non-culture technique that can provide a fingerprint of the microbial community. In the field of gut microbiota analysis, PCR-DGGE still holds potential for development. In the present study, we utilized an improved nested PCR-DGGE approach targeting the V3 region of 16S ribosomal DNA to investigate the impact of whole grain highland hull-less barley (WHLB), a cereal known for its significant hypocholesterolemic effect, on the gut microbiota profiles of high-fat diet rats. Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed a normal control diet, a high-fat diet, or a high-fat diet supplemented with a low or high dose of WHLB for 4 or 8 weeks. The results revealed that the dominant bands varied among different dose groups and further changed with different treatment times. The compositions of bacterial communities in feces and cecal content were similar, but the dominant bacterial bands differed. After performing double DGGE, extracting the bands, sequencing the DNA, and aligning the sequences, a total of 19 bands were classified under the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, while two bands were identified as unclassified uncultured bacteria. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus gasseri, Uncultured Prevotella sp., and Clostridium sp. increased following the administration of WHLB. Illumina-based sequencing was employed to assess the reliability of DGGE, demonstrating its reliability in analyzing the dominant taxonomic composition, although it may have limitations in accurately detecting the alpha diversity of bacterial species. IMPORTANCE: While next-generation sequencing has overshadowed polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), the latter still holds promise for advancing gut microbiota analysis due to its unique advantages. In this study, we used optimized nested PCR-DGGE to investigate the gut microbiota profile of high-fat diet rats after administering whole grain highland hull-less barley. High-throughput sequencing was employed to validate the DGGE results. Our results proved the reliability of PCR-DGGE for analyzing the dominant taxonomic composition while also providing visual evidence of a notable relationship between the composition of cecal and fecal microbial communities, highlighting substantial differences in both richness and abundance.

Asunto(s)

Bacterias , Electroforesis en Gel de Gradiente Desnaturalizante , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hordeum , ARN Ribosómico 16S , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Granos Enteros , Animales , Hordeum/microbiología , Masculino , Ratas , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/genética , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Heces/microbiología , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Ciego/microbiología

RESUMEN

Long-term consumption of Western-style diet (WSD) can lead to metabolic disorders and dysbiosis of gut microbiota, presenting a critical risk factor for various chronic conditions such as fatty liver disease. In the present study, we investigated the beneficial role of co-fermented whole grain quinoa and black barley with Lactobacillus kisonensis on rats fed a WSD. Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, aged six weeks and weighing 180 ± 10 g, were randomly assigned to one of three groups: the normal control group (NC, n = 7), the WSD group (HF, n = 7), and the WSD supplemented with a co-fermented whole grain quinoa with black barley (FQB) intervention group (HFF, n = 7). The findings indicated that FQB was effective in suppressing body weight gain, mitigating hepatic steatosis, reducing perirenal fat accumulation, and ameliorating pathological damage in the livers and testicular tissues of rats. Additionally, FQB intervention led to decreased levels of serum uric acid (UA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). These advantageous effects can be ascribed to the regulation of FQB on gut microbiota dysbiosis, which includes the restoration of intestinal flora diversity, reduction of the F/B ratio, and promotion of probiotics abundance, such as Akkermansia and [Ruminococcus] at the genus level. The study employed the UPLC-Q-TOF-MSE technique to analyze metabolites in fecal and hepatic samples. The findings revealed that FQB intervention led to a regression in the levels of specific metabolites in feces, including oxoadipic acid and 20a, 22b-dihydroxycholesterol, as well as in the liver, such as pyridoxamine, xanthine and xanthosine. The transcriptome sequencing of liver tissues revealed that FQB intervention modulated the mRNA expression of specific genes, including Cxcl12, Cidea, and Gck, known for their roles in anti-inflammatory and anti-insulin resistance mechanisms in the context of WSD. Our findings indicate that co-fermented whole-grain quinoa with black barley has the potential to alleviate metabolic disorders and chronic inflammation resulting from the consumption of WSD.

Asunto(s)

Chenopodium quinoa , Dieta Occidental , Fermentación , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Hordeum , Lactobacillus , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Animales , Hordeum/química , Masculino , Lactobacillus/metabolismo , Chenopodium quinoa/química , Ratas , Hígado/metabolismo , Disbiosis , Metabolómica , Alimentos Fermentados , Multiómica

RESUMEN

IMPORTANCE: Epidemiological evidences regarding the association between whole grain intake and the risk of new-onset hypertension are still controversial. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the relationship between whole grain intake and new-onset hypertension and examine possible effect modifiers in the general population. METHODS: A total of 10,973 participants without hypertension from the China Health and Nutrition Survey were enrolled, with follow-up beginning in 1997 and ending in 2015. Whole grain intake was assessed by 3 consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combined with a household food inventory. Multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression model after adjusting for potential risk factors. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 7.0 years, 3,733 participants developed new-onset hypertension. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) were as follows: for quartile 2 (HR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.47-0.57), quartile 3 (HR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.42-0.51), and quartile 4 (HR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.31-0.38), compared with quartile 1. Different types of whole grain types, including wheat (adjusted HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.32-0.39), maize (adjusted HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.42-0.59), and millet (adjusted HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.30-0.48), showed significant associations with a reduced risk of hypertension. The association between whole grain intake and new-onset hypertension was stronger in individuals with older age (P for interaction < 0.001) and higher BMI (P for interaction < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Higher consumption of whole grains was significantly associated with a lower risk of new-onset hypertension. This study provides further evidence supporting the importance of increasing whole grain intake for hypertension prevention among Chinese adults.

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: The quality, rather than the quantity, of carbohydrate intake may play a major role in the etiology of obesity-related cancers (ORCs). We assessed the association between a previously defined carbohydrate quality index (CQI) and the risk of developing ORCs in the "Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra" (SUN) cohort. METHODS: A total of 18,446 Spanish university graduates [mean age 38 years (SD 12 years), 61% women, mean BMI 23.5 kg/m2 (SD 3.5 kg/m2)], with no personal history of cancer, were followed-up. Baseline CQI was assessed summing quintiles of four previously defined criteria: high dietary fiber intake, low glycemic index (GI), high whole-grain: total-grain carbohydrates ratio and high solid carbohydrates: total carbohydrates ratio. Participants were classified into tertiles of their total CQI. Incident ORCs were confirmed by an oncologist using medical records and by querying the National Death Index blindly to dietary exposures. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 13.7 years, 269 incident cases of ORC were confirmed. A higher CQI was inversely associated with ORC incidence [multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the upper (T3) versus the lowest tertile (T1) of 0.68 (95% CI: 0.47-0.96), p for trend = 0.047]. Particularly, higher dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with ORC, HRT3 vs. T1=0.57 (95% CI 0.37-0.88 p for trend = 0.013). CONCLUSION: In this prospective Mediterranean cohort, an inverse association between a better global quality of carbohydrate intake and the risk of ORCs was found. Strategies for cancer prevention should promote a higher quality of carbohydrate intake.

RESUMEN

Whole-grain foods are rich in bound polyphenols (BPs) whose health benefits were largely underestimated compared with free polyphenols. We first found that DFBP (dietary fiber with BPs from oat bran) exhibited stronger colonic antioxidant activities than DF. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that DFBP selectively changed gut microbial composition, which reciprocally released BPs from DFBP. Released polyphenols from DFBP reduced excessive colonic ROS and exhibited colonic antioxidant activities via the ROS/Akt/Nrf2 pathway revealed by transcriptome and western blot analysis. Colonic antioxidant activities of DFBP mediated by gut microbiota were next proven by treating mice with broad-spectrum antibiotics. Next, Clostridium butyricum, as a distinguished bacterium after DFBP intervention, improved colonic antioxidant capacities synergistically with DFBP in HFD-fed mice. This was explained by the upregulated mRNA expression of esterase, and cellulase of Clostridium butyricum participated in releasing BPs. Our results would provide a solid basis for explaining the health benefits of whole grains.

Asunto(s)

Avena , Colon , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Estrés Oxidativo , Polifenoles , Animales , Humanos , Masculino , Ratones , Avena/química , Avena/metabolismo , Bacterias/clasificación , Bacterias/genética , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias/metabolismo , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Colon/metabolismo , Colon/microbiología , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Fibras de la Dieta/metabolismo , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/metabolismo , Factor 2 Relacionado con NF-E2/genética , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Polifenoles/química , Polifenoles/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/genética , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Front-of-pack labelling systems, such as the Health Star Rating (HSR), aim to aid healthy consumer dietary choices and complement national dietary guidelines. Dietary guidelines aim to be holistic by extending beyond the individual nutrients of food, including other food components that indicate diet quality, including whole grains. We aimed to test the feasibility of including whole grains in the HSR algorithm, to better inform dietary guidance in Australia coherent with existing dietary guidelines. METHODS: We assigned whole-grain points as a favourable component of the HSR based on the whole-grain content of foods. We compared the original, and three modified HSR algorithms (including altered thresholds for star ratings) using independent-samples median tests. Finally, we used Spearman's correlation to measure the strength of association between an item's nutritional composition (all components of the HSR algorithm including all favourable and unfavourable components) and their HSR using each algorithm. RESULTS: Up to 10 points were added for products with ≥ 50% whole-grain content, with no points for products with < 25%. Adjusting the HSR score cut-off by 3 points for grain products created the greatest difference in median HSR between refined and whole-grain items (up to 2 stars difference), compared to the original algorithm (a maximum of 1 star). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of whole grains to the HSR algorithm improved the differentiation of refined and whole-grain items, and therefore better aligned with dietary guidelines. Holistic approaches to food guidance systems are required to provide consistent messaging and inform positive food choices.

Asunto(s)

Etiquetado de Alimentos , Política Nutricional , Valor Nutritivo , Granos Enteros , Etiquetado de Alimentos/métodos , Etiquetado de Alimentos/normas , Humanos , Australia , Algoritmos , Dieta Saludable/métodos , Dieta Saludable/normas , Dieta Saludable/estadística & datos numéricos

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To compare diet and the modified dietary inflammatory index (mDII) between individuals with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (PoMS), monophasic acquired demyelinating syndromes (monoADS), and controls. METHODS: The association between diet, mDII, and disease status was examined in 131 individuals with PoMS/monoADS/controls (38/45/48) using logistic regression. RESULTS: The associations between diet and PoMS were modest, reaching significance for whole grain intake (adjusted odds ratio, aOR=0.964, 95 % confidence intervals, CI:0.934-0.995) but not mDII (aOR=1.20, 95 %CI:0.995-1.46) versus controls. No findings for monoADS reached significance versus controls. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with PoMS, but not monoADS, had lower dietary whole grain intake than controls.

Asunto(s)

Esclerosis Múltiple , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adolescente , Niño , Dieta/efectos adversos , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Edad de Inicio , Inflamación , Granos Enteros , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Enfermedades Desmielinizantes

RESUMEN

Elderly people often experience difficulty in swallowing and have impaired regulation of the nervous system. Furthermore, their blood glucose level can rise easily after eating. Therefore, functional foods that are easy to swallow and can maintain blood glucose at a lower level have been an important research topic in recent years. In this study, 3D printing was combined with dry heating to modify the starch in white quinoa and brown rice to develop whole grain foods with Osmanthus flavor that meet the dietary habits of the elderly. The samples were tested for printability, swallowing performance, and in vitro digestion. The results showed that after dry heating, all samples had shear-thinning properties and could pass through the extrusion nozzle of the printer smoothly. Both white quinoa and brown rice showed improved printability and self-support compared to the control. B45 (white quinoa, dry heating for 45 min) and C45 (brown rice, dry heating for 45 min) had significant elasticity and greater internal interaction strength during swallowing to resist disintegration of food particles during chewing. B45, C30, and C45, conformed to class 4 consistency and were characterized by easy swallowing of the diet. Further, dry heating resulted in greater resistance to enzymatic degradation of white quinoa and brown rice starch, with overall in vitro digestibility lower than the control.

Asunto(s)

Diabetes Mellitus , Oryza , Humanos , Anciano , Almidón/química , Glucemia/metabolismo , Calefacción , Digestión , Impresión Tridimensional , Oryza/química

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Follow-up of COVID-19 recovered patients to discover important adverse effects on other organs is required. The psychological health of COVID-19 patients may be affected after recovery. AIM: We aimed to evaluate the association between adherence to the Nordic diet (ND) and psychological symptoms caused by COVID-19 after recovery. METHOD: Dietary data on 246 qualified adults (123 cases and 123 controls). The dietary intake in this case-control study was calculated by a reliable and valid food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) were used to analyze participant's anxiety, stress, depression, sleep quality, insomnia, and quality of life of participants. RESULTS: There was a significant inverse relationship between total anxiety, stress, and depression scores and the intake of whole grains (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant inverse association between depression and fruit intake (P < 0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between insomnia and sleep quality and the intake of root vegetables (P < 0.05). In the multinomial-regression model, a significant association between the Nordic diet and anxiety, stress, and depression was found only in the case group (OR = 0.719, 95% CI 0.563-0.918, p-value = 0.008; OR = 0.755, 95% CI 0.609-0.934, P-value = 0.010, and, OR = 0.759, 95% CI 0.602-0.956, P-value = 0.019 respectively). CONCLUSION: Adherence to the Nordic diet might reduce anxiety, stress, and depression in recovered COVID-19 patients.