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Recently, there has been an emphasis on keeping the study of anatomy using donor material confined to the domain of medical and allied healthcare professionals. Given the abundance of both accurate and inaccurate information online, coupled with a heightened focus on health following the COVID-19 pandemic, one may question whether it is time to review who can access learning anatomy using donors. In 2019, Brighton and Sussex Medical School (BSMS) obtained a Human Tissue Authority Public Display license with the aim of broadening the reach of who could be taught using donor material. In 2020, BSMS received its first full-body donor with consent for public display. Twelve workshops were delivered to student groups who do not normally have the opportunity to learn in the anatomy laboratory. Survey responses (10.9% response rate) highlighted that despite being anxious about seeing inside a deceased body, 95% felt more informed about the body. A documentary "My Dead Body" was filmed, focusing on the rare cancer of the donor Toni Crews. Viewing figures of 1.5 million, and a considerable number of social media comments highlighted the public's interest in the documentary. Thematic analysis of digital and social media content highlighted admiration and gratitude for Toni, the value of education, and that while the documentary was uncomfortable to watch, it had value in reminding viewers of life, their bodies, and their purpose. Fully consented public display can create opportunities to promote health-conscious life choices and improve understanding of the human body.

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Inspired by the question of why some gay and bisexual men hide same-sex affection when in public, this study integrates the concept of minority stress into Noelle-Neumann's spiral of silence theory and Goffman's interaction order to build an integrated model explaining why some people avoid nonverbal stigma expression in public. It is hypothesized that perceived stigma, prejudice events, and internalized stigma will result in a greater tendency to hide male same-sex affection. An empirical study involving n = 25,884 gay and bisexual men in Germany showed that higher levels of perceived stigma and internalized stigma were associated with a greater tendency to hide male same-sex affection when in public. However, being a victim of prejudice events did not substantially predict whether individuals hide their male same-sex affection. Findings are discussed in terms of their generalizability and implications for the underlying theory.

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Purpose of Program: We initiated the Renal Community Photo Initiative to better understand why some hemodialysis users express significant capacities for resilience and hope, demonstrating outward-looking perspectives and enjoying a rich quality of life. Sources of Information: "Photovoice" is a participatory research methodology that encourages individuals to develop positive self-perceptions with photography. Photovoice empowers participants as informants within their communities. Visual arts researchers surveyed existing Photovoice studies to identify gaps in knowledge to be addressed in this study, including challenges related to fostering participant agency and social action. Images and logs were collected and reviewed during organized, participant-led substudy groups. These meetings provided researchers with core study values and direction as to how the images and additional information should be used to raise awareness about living with chronic kidney disease. Methods: To address the complexity of the human condition, the Renal Community Photo Initiative offered participants an array of diverse and accessible image-making techniques. No narrative directives for image-making were provided. This qualitative, interdisciplinary, participant-centric study invited adult chronic hemodialysis patients in 4 dialysis units in London and Stratford, Ontario, to participate. The research team designed a selection of different, accessible photo technologies for participant use. Eligible participants were invited to select photographic technologies and given the additional option to write accompanying logs. Researchers organized substudy meetings for participant-led focus groups to discuss core study values and personal encounters with images and image-making. Participants directed how their generated images should be shared with the public and researchers. Key Findings: A total of 40 participants have been recruited to date, producing more than 1600 images and an archive of handwritten logs. Three participant-led focus groups have established priorities for image sharing and a core set of values for subsequent study phases. A series of public presentations of participant images took place. The research team will pursue further public presentation opportunities and the development of a suitable research database. Limitations: Organizing and categorizing images for access in an interdisciplinary research database remains a challenge. Current health and safety protocols related to COVID-19 require the study to pause recruitment and substudy meetings and reassess immediate outputs for visuals. Implications: A qualitative study of this scope offers a new model for participant agency and collaboration. It requires the onboarding of interdisciplinary researchers to effectively engage with its significant image and log archive. Participants should remain involved in directing future steps for disseminating their images. Following substudy directives, researchers are developing visuals for health care and public settings, and determining opportunities for participants to share their experience in both clinic- and public-based settings.

Objectif du programme: Nous avons lancé la Renal Community Photo Initiative afin de mieux comprendre pourquoi certains utilisateurs de l'hémodialyse font preuve d'importantes capacités de résilience et d'espoir, sont tournés vers le monde extérieur et jouissent d'une riche qualité de vie. Sources: « Photovoice ¼ est une méthodologie de recherche participative qui encourage les individus à développer une perception de soi positive grâce à la photographie. Photovoice permet aux participants de devenir des informateurs au sein de leurs communautés. Les chercheurs en arts visuels ont mené une enquête sur les études existantes de Photovoice afin de révéler les lacunes dans les connaissances qui pourraient être comblées par la présente étude, notamment les défis liés à la promotion de la participation et de l'action sociale des participants. Des images et des registres ont été recueillis et examinés lors de sous-groupes d'étude organisés et dirigés par les participants par les participants. Ces réunions ont permis aux chercheurs de définir les valeurs fondamentales de l'étude et d'indiquer comment utiliser les images et les autres informations pour sensibiliser les gens à la vie avec maladie rénale chronique. Méthodologie: Afin d'aborder la complexité de la condition humaine, la Renal Community Photo Initiative a offert aux participants une gamme diverse et accessible de techniques de création d'images. Aucune directive narrative n'a été fournie pour la création des images. Cette étude qualitative, interdisciplinaire et axée sur les participants a invité des adultes suivant des traitements d'hémodialyse chronique dans quatre unités de dialyse de London et Stratford (Ontario) à participer. L'équipe de recherche a conçu une sélection de technologies photographiques diverses et accessibles à l'usage des participants. Les participants admissibles ont été invités à choisir des technologies photographiques et à tenir un journal s'ils le souhaitaient. Les chercheurs ont organisé des réunions de sous-étude pour des groupes de discussion dirigés par les participants afin de discuter des valeurs fondamentales de l'étude et des expériences personnelles avec les images et la création d'images. Les participants ont établi la façon dont leurs images devraient être partagées avec le public et les chercheurs. Principaux résultats: À ce jour, 40 participants ont été recrutés et plus de 1 600 images ont été produites, de même qu'une archive de journaux manuscrits. Trois groupes de discussion dirigés par les participants ont établi les priorités pour le partage des images ainsi qu'un ensemble de valeurs fondamentales en vue des phases ultérieures de l'étude. Plusieurs présentations publiques des images des participants ont eu lieu. L'équipe de recherche poursuivra les présentations publiques et l'élaboration d'une base de données de recherche. Limites: L'organisation et la catégorisation des images pour y accéder dans une base de données de recherche interdisciplinaire demeurent un défi. Les protocoles actuels de santé et de sécurité liés à la COVID-19 empêchent le recrutement et les réunions de sous-étude pour le moment et imposent de réévaluer les résultats immédiats pour les visuels. Conclusion: Une étude qualitative de cette envergure offre un nouveau modèle pour la participation et collaboration des patients. Elle exige l'intégration de chercheurs interdisciplinaires afin d'exploiter efficacement ses importantes archives d'images et de journaux. Il importe que les participants demeurent impliqués dans la direction des prochaines étapes de diffusion de leurs images. Suivant les directives de la sous-étude, les chercheurs développent des visuels pour les soins de santé et les milieux publics, et recensent les occasions pour les participants de partager leur expérience tant dans les milieux cliniques que publics.

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Stranded California sea lions considered unable to survive in the wild are often placed in public display facilities. Exposure to the biotoxin domoic acid (DA) is a common cause of stranding, and chronic effects are observed long after initial exposure. Medical records for 171 sea lions placed in US institutions between 2000 and 2016 were reviewed, including results from clinical examinations, histopathology, behavioural testing and advanced imaging. There was a statistically significant increase in neurological disease detected in neonates (24%) compared with other age classes (11%). Sixty per cent of all neurological cases died during the study period. In the 11 neurological neonate cases, six died (55%) and five are still alive with three of five developing epilepsy during placement. Of the six neurological neonate cases that died, one was attributed to DA toxicosis, one to seizures and four to acute unexplained neurological disease. This survey suggests delayed neurological disease can develop in sea lions after stranding as neonates. These data coupled with stranding records and epidemiological data on DA-producing algal blooms suggest further research into effects of neonatal exposure to DA on risk of neurological disease in later life is warranted. California sea lions offer a natural model of DA exposure to study such effects.

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This article continues a debate with Gareth Jones about the ethics of anatomy. The article discusses the distinction between direct and indirect reasons to require the deceased's consent prior to anatomical use. Getting this distinction wrong has potentially radical and unwelcome implications for the ethics of many uses of dead bodies. The article then exposes an ambiguity in asking what anatomical uses are ethical: we must distinguish between, on the one hand, who ought to have the power to make decisions and, on the other, how those with power ought to exercise it. It then applies this distinction to the ethics of the public display of bodies for entertainment.

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Dead bodies are not persons but nor are they just things. What, ethically speaking, do the living owe the dead when it comes to using their bodies in anatomy? The article begins with the general question of respect for the dead. It distinguishes between why we should respect the dead, how we should respect them, and the weight to be given to respect. It sets out an account of the reason to respect the dead based on their interests. The article then turns to how the dead should be respected and the importance of doing so. Specifically, it considers three ethical issues in anatomy: the role of the family, the use of unclaimed bodies, and the public display of bodies donated for that purpose. This article claims that what it is to respect the dead is substantially determined by their wishes. Nonetheless the article argues that respect is consistent with allowing the family to veto anatomical use even when the deceased has consented because respect for the dead does not require following all their possible wishes. Respect is also consistent with using unclaimed bodies to which no one--deceased or family--has consented because the interests of the dead do not directly require consent and the interests of the family are unlikely to be relevant. Finally, the article does not see anything disrespectful in the public display of the bodies of those who have consented.

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Objective To explore the pre-requisite "highlight" of information system in a new outpatient building and its significance on outpatient information construction.Methods The importance of new outpatient information system for improving the treatment of the environment and optimizing the outpatient treatment processes were analyzed from information dissemination system,self-service system and intelligent queuing system.Results The systemic design plan and actual role of the three systems were given by combining actual situation of the new outpatient building construction.Conclusion Having greatly improving for the outpatient information construction and the new outpatient building will have a positive impact on hospital management model,medical model and informationation construction.