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Urban free-roaming cats create concern about their impacts on wildlife and human health, leading to the use of trap-adopt-kill methods to manage these populations. This method is ineffective at decreasing the free-roaming cat population and has a negative impact on cat caregivers' well-being. Using semi-structured interviews, this study explored the relationship that semi-owners (people who feed cats but do not perceive ownership) and owners of multiple cats have with the cats they care for, and the social and psychological impacts of an alternative assistive-centered approach to urban cat management. This approach to semi-owned and owned cats provided free sterilization and preventative healthcare. Our findings demonstrate that the caregivers had a strong emotional bond with the cats they cared for. The caregivers also experienced a positive impact on their quality of life, and indicated an improvement in the cats' welfare after having the cats sterilized through this program. Additionally, the cat caregivers indicated that they had a negative view of agencies, such as the municipal council. It is recommended that an assistive-centered approach to urban cat management be prioritized by local councils and welfare agencies to improve caregivers' quality of life and psychological well-being, whilst also improving cat welfare. The implementation of this assistive-centered management approach could improve the relationship between communities and the agencies involved, leading to the continuous reporting of free-roaming cats for sterilization. This assistive-centered approach has the potential to reduce the free-roaming cat population, their effects on wildlife, nuisance complaints, and council impoundments, and is aligned with the One Welfare philosophy.

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Access to comprehensive municipal pound, animal welfare shelters, and rescue group data for admissions and outcomes for stray and owner-relinquished cats in Australia is currently lacking. This hinders effective assessment of existing management strategies for domestic cats by animal management agencies. Our study aimed to estimate the numbers of cat admissions and intakes to Australian municipal council pounds, animal welfare organizations (excluding smaller animal welfare organizations thought to have annual cat intakes of less than 500), and animal rescue groups and their respective outcomes for 2018-2019 (pre-COVID). Unavailable municipal council data were imputed based on known data and council human populations. Only Victoria and New South Wales had publicly available municipal data, and only RSPCA had publicly available data in all states. We estimated a total of 179,615 (7.2/1000 human residents) admissions to pounds, shelters, and rescue groups in 2018-2019, with an estimated 5% reclaimed, 65% rehomed, and 28% euthanized. Reclaim rates were low across all the agencies. Councils operating their own pound had nearly double the euthanasia rate (estimated at 46%) compared to animal welfare organizations (25%). Rescue groups rehomed an estimated 35% of the total number of cats rehomed by all agencies. The upper quartiles of councils with intakes of >50 cats in Victoria and New South Wales had estimated euthanasia rates from 73% to 98%, and 67% to 100%, respectively. We recommend that comprehensive municipal pound, shelter, and rescue statistics be routinely calculated using standardized methods and made available publicly in a timely fashion. This would inform management strategies to optimize live outcomes and therefore reduce the negative mental health impacts on staff tasked with euthanizing healthy and treatable cats and kittens.

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Anthocyanins can be changed into dark purplish color during pound cake preparation due to high temperature and alkaline baking soda, which lowers color acceptance by consumers. To stabilize a red color of anthocyanins in pound cake enriched with aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) powder, lemon juice was added to contain final concentrations of 0, 1, 2, and 3% (w/w) in the pound cake, which were assigned as control, PL1%, PL2%, and PL3%, respectively. As lemon juice amount increased, redness (a*) and sensory color perception as well as overall acceptance were enhanced, whereas hardness, gumminess, and chewiness decreased in texture profile analysis. In a model system, the addition of lemon juice to aronia solution caused bathochromic shift and hyperchromic effect in UV-Vis absorption spectrum, which are typical phenomena of copigmentation derived from interactions between anthocyanins and copigments. The results indicate that lemon juice improved color acceptance for aronia pound cake by copigmentation. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10068-023-01286-1.

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Frequency-difference-stabilized dual-frequency solid-state lasers with tunable and large frequency difference have become an ideal light source for the high-accuracy absolute-distance interferometric system due to their stable multistage synthetic wavelengths. In this work, the advances in research on oscillation principles and key technologies of the different kinds of dual-frequency solid-state lasers are reviewed, including birefringent dual-frequency solid-state lasers, biaxial and two-cavity dual-frequency solid-state lasers. The system composition, operating principle, and some main experimental results are briefly introduced. Several typical frequency-difference stabilizing systems for dual-frequency solid-state lasers are introduced and analyzed. The main development trends of research on dual-frequency solid-state lasers are predicted.

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Two vegetal oils have been selected for the formulation of pound cakes, rapeseed oil (RO) and palm oil (PO). The freshness of these products has been monitored during 58 days of storage. The RO pound cakes of 58 days as well as PO pound cakes presented higher values (p < .05) of hardness (N), Young's modulus (N.cm-2 ) and compressive stress (N.cm-2 ) than those aged of 5 days. For both vitamin A and tryptophan spectra, the maximum of fluorescence intensity varied according to the aging period. For both RO and PO recipes, lipid oxidation indicators (peroxide value, para-anisidine value, and total oxidation value [TOTOX]) were interestingly correlated to Young's modulus (R2  = 0.99) as well as compressive stress (R2  = 0.99), using polynomial model. The application of partial least squares regression to the vitamin A spectra provided excellent predictive results for both compressive stress (R2  = 0.99) and TOTOX (R2  = 0.99). Good results were observed for tryptophan spectra for the prediction of TOTOX (R2  = 0.77). Thus, the use of front face fluorescence spectroscopy may provide rapid and accurate results for the monitoring of pound cakes freshness throughout storage.

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BACKGROUND: The total annual amounts of food loss and waste represent approximately 30% of all food supplied for human consumption. Reducing this loss and waste is a challenge and valorizing this reduction requires more effort. The present study aimed to investigate the feasibility of replacing wheat flour (WF) with different levels of green pea waste flour (GPWF) to produce pound cake. METHODS: To prepare GPWF, green pea waste was dried at 65°C; the dried samples were pulverized and sieved through 50 mesh sieves. Six cake samples were prepared, wherein wheat flour was replaced with GPWF at the following levels: 0 (control), 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%. Sensory evaluation was performed to determine the acceptability of various cake samples. Based on the results of the sensory evaluation, the acceptable replacement levels were determined and the effects of the GPWF-WF replacement level (10-30%) on the rheological behavior of cake batters and the quality characteristics of baked cakes were evaluated. RESULTS: Cake samples incorporating GPWF at levels higher than 30% significantly (p < 0.05) exhibited the lowest scores for all organoleptic characteristics compared to other samples. The storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G″) of all cake batters involving GPWF were higher than those of the control cake batter and they were found to be less dependent on frequency. Increasing the GPWF-WF replacement level significantly (p < 0.05) decreased cake volume, springiness, and cohesiveness; however, cake density and hardness significantly (p < 0.05) increased. The lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) of the cake crust and crumb significantly decreased with an increase in the replacement ratio, while the highest impacts on the crumb color in terms of greenness (a*) were noted when GPWF were used at all the studied replacement levels. CONCLUSIONS: High quality cakes could be obtained at GPWF-WF replacement ratios up to 20%, as they had sensorial, textural and appearance characteristics close to that of the control cake samples.

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During the last decade, the use of online search traffic data is becoming popular in examining, analyzing, and predicting human behavior, with Google Trends being a popular tool in monitoring and analyzing the users' online search patterns in several research areas, like health, medicine, politics, economics, and finance. Towards the direction of exploring the Sterling Pound's predictability, we employ Google Trends data from the last 5 years (March 1st, 2015 to February 29th, 2020) and perform predictability analysis on the Pound's exchange rates to Euro and Dollar. The period selected includes the 2016 UK referendum as well as the actual Brexit day (January 31st, 2020), with the analysis aiming at analyzing the Pound's relationships with Google query data on Pound-related keywords and topics. A quantile dependence method is employed, i.e., cross-quantilograms, to test for directional predictability from Google Trends data to the Pound's exchange rates for lags from zero to 30 (in weeks). The results indicate that statistically significant quantile dependencies exist between Google query data and the Pound's exchange rates, which point to the direction of one of the main implications in this field, that is to examine whether the movements in one economic variable can cause reactions in other economic variables.

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Reports have shown the prevalence of the contamination of banknotes with a number of different drugs. These studies have focused on investigating drug contamination levels on currency which is either nationally or even international distributed. To present there has been no studies undertaken on banknotes circulating in well-defined and limited geographic areas. In this present study we have investigated the presence of drug contamination on the Local Currency, circulating in a known geographic area in and around the city of Bristol, UK; the Bristol Pound (£B). The effect of sample size was investigated and a post-hoc statistical power analysis undertaken. Following liquid extraction with the aid of sonication, levels of cocaine, benzoylecgonine, MDMA, ketamine and methamphetamine were determined by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Seven samples of each denomination in circulation were investigated. The calculated median values per note were 2030ng cocaine, 91.9ng benzoylecgonine, 0.779ng methamphetamine, 62.8ng MDMA and 3440ng ketamine. This study focuses on our preliminary studies and to our knowledge this is the first investigation focused on the drug contamination of a Local Currency.

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We report on a novel optical microcavity sensing scheme by using the orthogonal demodulation Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) technique. We found that larger sensitivity in a broad range of cavity quality factor (Q) could be obtained. Taking microbubble resonator (MBR) pressure sensing as an example, a lower detection limit than the conventional wavelength shift detection method was achieved. When the MBR cavity Q is about 105-106, the technique can decrease the detection limit by one or two orders of magnitude. The pressure-frequency sensitivity is 11.6 GHz/bar at wavelength of 850 nm, and its detection limit can approach 0.0515 mbar. This technique can also be applied to other kinds of microcavity sensors to improve sensing performance.

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Reactive carbonyl species (RCS), such as acrolein (ACR), glyoxal (GO), and methylglyoxal (MGO), have received extensive attention recently as a result of their high activity and toxicity in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, propyl gallate (PG), a common food antioxidant, was found to effectively trap more ACR than butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole through the formation of mono-ACR adducts (PG-ACR) and di-ACR adducts (PG-2ACR). The two adducts were successfully purified, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of their high-resolution mass spectrometry and 1H, 13C, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance data. We further identified that PG-ACR had the ability to continue to trap GO and MGO to form PG-ACR-GO and PG-ACR-MGO, respectively, by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Furthermore, we verified that PG could inhibit the production of ACR, GO, and MGO via trapping these RCS simultaneously to form the corresponding adducts in pound cakes using LC-MS/MS.

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The potentialities of front-face fluorescence (FFF) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopies coupled with partial least square regression (PLSR) were compared to predict the lipid oxidation of pound cakes. The level of lipid oxidation in pound cakes determined using classical methods showed some changes. Similarly, the fluorescence emission (305-490 nm) and excitation (252-390 nm) spectra and MIR spectra scanned in the 4000-700 cm-1 region showed some changes in pound cakes as a function of both storage time and the type of oil used in the formulation. The application of PLSR to the MIR spectra, provided excellent predictive results for free fatty acid (R2 = 0.97) and peroxide values (R2 = 0.87). Similar results were obtained from both tryptophan and MIR spectra for the prediction of TOTOX (R2 > 0.86) demonstrating the efficiency of the MIR and FFF spectroscopies to qualify and quantify the level of lipid oxidation in pound cakes.

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Using euthanasia to manage dog and cat overpopulation causes health issues and emotional stress in employees involved, increases staff turnover, and has financial, moral and ethical ramifications for communities. Welfare agencies and local government agencies (councils) share responsibility for managing companion animal populations. This study investigated Australian councils in the state of Victoria, to identify strategies used to reduce euthanasia. Statistics regarding animal populations, registration, intake, reclaim, rehome and euthanasia were obtained from the Domestic Animal Management Plan of each council. Of the 79 Victorian councils, 74% achieved ≤10% euthanasia of impounded dogs, which is widely quoted as zero euthanasia of adoptable and treatable animals. The mean euthanasia rates for cats by the councils was 48%, with only one council achieving a euthanasia rate of ≤10% for cats. Mean reclaim rates for dogs were higher (73%) than for cats (13%), as was the mean proportion of unclaimed dogs rehomed (71%), compared to cats (45%). Telephone questionnaires were conducted with animal management officers from 35 councils (44%). Those with low euthanasia rates had high reclaim rates and/or rehome rates. Reclaim, rehome and euthanasia rates for dogs and cats were not significantly different between councils that operated their own pound facilities and those that utilized the services of welfare organizations to operate pounds on behalf of the council. More council managers believed they would never achieve ≤10% euthanasia for cats (49%) than for dogs (11%). A variety of strategies were used by councils to achieve high reclaim and rehoming rates.

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A subspecies of long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea; Mfa) has been reported to use stone tools and a specific technique to process nuts in Southeast Asia, a behaviour known as 'pound-hammering'. The aim of this study was to examine the development of pound-hammering in long-tailed macaques: whether this behavioural form can be individually learnt or whether it has to rely on some forms of social learning. Given the absence of Mfa from captivity, long-tailed macaques of a highly related subspecies (Macaca fascicularis fascicularis; Mff) were experimentally tested by providing them with the ecological materials necessary to show pound-hammering. A baseline was first carried out to observe whether pound-hammering would emerge spontaneously without social information. As this was not the case, different degrees of social information, culminating in a full demonstration of the behaviour, were provided. None of the subjects (n = 31) showed pound-hammering in any of the individual or social learning conditions. Although these data do not support the hypothesis that individual learning underlies this behaviour, no evidence was found that (at least) Mff learn pound-hammering socially either. We propose that other-potentially interacting-factors may determine whether this behaviour emerges in the various subspecies of long-tailed macaques, and provide a novel methodology to test the role of social and individual learning in the development of animal tool-use.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of MIR and texture analyzer to evaluate the quality of pound cake samples produced with palm oil and rapeseed oil throughout storage. The MIR spectra analyzed by using principal component analysis (PCA) showed a clear separation of pound cakes as a function of the storage time and the nature of the used oil in the recipe. By applying partial least square regression (PLSR), excellent prediction was obtained for hardness (R2 = 0.91; RPD = 2.26), while an approximate qualitative prediction was found for springiness (R2 = 0.73; RPD = 2.07), cohesiveness (R2 = 0.67; RPD = 1.31) and resilience (R2 = 0.65; RPD = 1.24). It could be concluded that the MIR spectroscopy could be used as a rapid and non-destructive technique for monitoring texture of pound cakes throughout storage as well as for the prediction of their hardness.

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There is no national system for monitoring numbers of dogs entering municipal council pounds and shelters in Australia, or their outcomes. This limits understanding of the surrendered and stray dog issue, and prevents the evaluation of management strategies. We aimed to estimate these in 2012-2013. Dog intake and outcome data were collected for municipal councils and animal welfare organizations using annual reports, publications, primary peer-reviewed journal articles, websites and direct correspondence. More comprehensive data were obtained for New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Australian Capital Territory, whereas it was necessary to impute some or all data for Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland and Tasmania, as data were incomplete/unavailable. A refined methodology was developed to address the numerous limitations of the available data. An estimated national total of 211,655 dog admissions (9.3 admissions/1000 residents) occurred in 2012-2013. Of these admissions, the numbers where the dog was reclaimed, rehomed or euthanized were estimated as 4.4, 2.9 and 1.9/1000 residents, respectively. Differences in outcomes were evident between states, and between municipal councils, welfare organizations and rescue groups. This study emphasizes the need for an ongoing standardized monitoring system with appropriate data routinely collected from all municipal councils, animal welfare organizations and rescue groups in Australia. Such a system would only require data that are easily collected by all relevant organizations and could be implemented at relatively low cost. This could facilitate ongoing evaluation of the magnitude of the surrendered and stray dog problem, and allow assessment of strategies aiming to reduce numbers of admissions and euthanasia.

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O presente artigo faz uma reflexão sobre o corpo para a psicanálise,em relação ao que se paga ao entrar na linguagem. Para tanto o corpo será pensado a partir da metáfora extraída por Lacan (1963) em OMercador de Veneza, como uma libra de carne presa na máquina formal da linguagem. Esta metáfora nos permite estabelecer asrelações do corpo com a falta e a dívida, em relação à linguagem. Posteriormente, será articulado o corpo com o discurso capitalista, enquanto este é um fato da linguagem com uma incidência muito marcada na época atual. Abordaremos então, uma serie de consequências no funcionamento e no modo de usufruirmos de nosso corpo, como por exemplo a falta de limites ou o gozo sem medida(AU)

Cet article est une réflexion sur le corps de la psychanalyse en relation à ce qu’on paye pour entrer dans la langue. Le corps est pensé à partir de la métaphore extraite par Lacan (1963) de Le Marchand de Venise comme une livre de chair prise dans la machine formelle de la langue. Cette métaphore nous permet d'établir les relations de l'organisme avec le manque et la dette, en relation à la langue. Plus tard, nous articulons le corps avec le discours capitaliste, alors qu'il est un fait de la langue avec un impact très marqué sur l’époque actuelle. Nous discuterons ensuite une série de conséquences sur le fonctionnement de notre corps et dans le mode d’usufruit comme par exemple le manque de limites ou la jouissance sans mesure(AU)

The following article presents a reflection on the body for psychoanalysis in relation to what is paid to enter the language. In order to do so, the body is thought from the metaphor extracted by Lacan (1963) from The Merchant of Veniceas a pound of flesh caught in the formal machine of language. This metaphor allows us to establish the relations of the body with lack and debt, in relation to the language. Later we will articulate the body with the capitalist discourse, while this is a fact of language with a very incidence in the present time. We will then approach several consequences in the working of the body and the way we enjoy it, for example lack of limits or unmeasured enjoyment(AU)

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O presente artigo faz uma reflexão sobre o corpo para a psicanálise,em relação ao que se paga ao entrar na linguagem. Para tanto o corpo será pensado a partir da metáfora extraída por Lacan (1963) em OMercador de Veneza, como uma libra de carne presa na máquina formal da linguagem. Esta metáfora nos permite estabelecer asrelações do corpo com a falta e a dívida, em relação à linguagem. Posteriormente, será articulado o corpo com o discurso capitalista, enquanto este é um fato da linguagem com uma incidência muito marcada na época atual. Abordaremos então, uma serie de consequências no funcionamento e no modo de usufruirmos de nosso corpo, como por exemplo a falta de limites ou o gozo sem medida.

Cet article est une réflexion sur le corps de la psychanalyse en relation à ce qu’on paye pour entrer dans la langue. Le corps est pensé à partir de la métaphore extraite par Lacan (1963) de Le Marchand de Venise comme une livre de chair prise dans la machine formelle de la langue. Cette métaphore nous permet d'établir les relations de l'organisme avec le manque et la dette, en relation à la langue. Plus tard, nous articulons le corps avec le discours capitaliste, alors qu'il est un fait de la langue avec un impact très marqué sur l’époque actuelle. Nous discuterons ensuite une série de conséquences sur le fonctionnement de notre corps et dans le mode d’usufruit comme par exemple le manque de limites ou la jouissance sans mesure.

The following article presents a reflection on the body for psychoanalysis in relation to what is paid to enter the language. In order to do so, the body is thought from the metaphor extracted by Lacan (1963) from The Merchant of Veniceas a pound of flesh caught in the formal machine of language. This metaphor allows us to establish the relations of the body with lack and debt, in relation to the language. Later we will articulate the body with the capitalist discourse, while this is a fact of language with a very incidence in the present time. We will then approach several consequences in the working of the body and the way we enjoy it, for example lack of limits or unmeasured enjoyment.

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Calorimetric and nuclear magnetic relaxation studies on non-freezing water restrained by polysaccharide are introduced together with the historical background of this research field. Non-freezing water restrained by the hydrophilic group of polysaccharide shows no first order thermodynamic phase transition. The amount of non-freezing water calculated from the melting enthalpy of water restrained by various kinds of polysaccharides was collected. Molecular motion of polysaccharides is markedly enhanced by the introduction of non-freezing water and glass transition shifts to the ca. 200 K low temperature side. At the same time, molecular chains rearrange to a more stabilized state, which can be observed as the decrease in heat capacities. 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation studies at a temperature lower than glass transition indicate that a part of the water molecules is closely bound to the backbone proton and is not sufficiently isolated. Calorimetric and nuclear magnetic relaxation studies suggest that non-freezing water inevitably cooperates with matrix polysaccharide molecules.

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Aim To investigate the effects of TMCC on abnormal L-type calcium current (ICa,L) in rat ventric-ular cardiomyocytes during hypoxia-reoxygenation to find out the mechanism of antiarrhythmic effect. Methods Whole-cell patch clamp was used to record ICa,L in the ventricular cardiomyocytes during hypoxia-reoxygenation in rat under amiodarone and different concentrations of TMCC. Results In hypoxia-reoxy-genation model, peak ICa,L increased from ( 3. 35 ± 0. 50 ) pA/pF to ( 5. 69 ± 0. 25 ) pA/pF ( n =6 , P 0. 05),(4. 41 ± 0. 22) pA/pF, (3. 82 ± 0. 21)pA/pF(n=6, P<0. 01) by TMCC(100, 200, 400 μmol·L-1 ) and amidodarone 24. 24 μmol·L-1 restored peak ICa,L to(3. 66 ± 0. 27)pA/pF (n=6,P<0. 01 ) . Compared to control group, hypoxia-reoxy-genation turned ICa,L steady-state activation curves to left and inactivation curves to right, which quickened activation and slowed inactivation, TMCC ( 200, 400μmol · L-1 ) and amiodarone could restore the left shift activation curves and right shift inactivation curves. Conclusion TMCC can concentration-de-pendently restore the increase of calcium current due to hypoxia-reoxygenation by promoting inactivation process and inhibiting activation process, and the effect is equal to that of amiodarone. TMCC blocks ICa,L of the ventricular cardiomyocytes, which may be one of its antiarrhythmic mechanisms.

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Aim To investigate the antiarrhythmic mechanism of taurine-magnesium coordination com-pound on abnormal sodium current channel ( INa ) in-duced by hypoxia-reoxygenation in ventricular myocytes of rats. Methods Single ventricular myocytes were i-solated from each rat heart using enzymatic dissociation through Langendorff retrograde aortic perfusion. Whole-cell patch clamp was applied in voltage clamp mode to record INa both in normal ventricular myocytes and single ventricular myocytes of arrhythmia induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation. Results The peak density of INa was changed from ( 56. 89 ± 2. 07 ) pA/pF to (35. 05 ± 1. 52) pA/pF( n=6, P 0. 05), in a concentration-dependent manner, while amioda-rone restored it to (39. 44 ± 1. 24) pA/pF (n=6,P<0. 01 ) . Both high concentration of TMCC and amioda-rone could shift the I-V curve downward. In addition, TMCC and amiodarone could restore the INa inactivation curve and slow down its inactivation, whereas the acti-vation curves showed no significant differences among groups. Conclusion TMCC(200,400 μmol·L-1) could restore the H/R induced INa reduction and shift the I-V curve downward by inhibiting steady-state inac-tivation, which is suggested to be one of the mecha-nisms of the antiarrhythmic effects of TMCC in hypoxia-reoxygenation model.