RESUMEN

Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii are opportunistic pathogens, and both are involved in different oral infections. This work aimed to analyze the phytochemical composition of Myrciaria cauliflora hydroethanolic extract and to evaluate its antimicrobial and antibiofilm action against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606; multi-resistant clinical strains 58004, 50098, 566006, and H557). Myrciaria cauliflora hydroethanolic extract was prepared, and the content of soluble solids, flavonoids, and phenols was quantified. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed later. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined using the broth microdilution method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, standard M7-A6, and subsequently, its minimum bactericidal concentration was determined. Then, the most effective concentrations were analyzed against biofilms. Statistical analysis was performed using the ANOVA method with Tukey's test. The soluble solids content in the prepared hydroethanolic extract of M. cauliflora was 2.22%. Additionally, the total flavonoid content, measured using the quercetin standard curve, was 0.040 mg/mL. Furthermore, the total phenol content, determined using the gallic acid standard curve, was 0.729 mg/mL. HPLC analysis presented peaks of gallic acid (11.80 m), p-coumaric acid (12.09 m), cinnamic acid derivative (19.02 m), and ellagic acid (29.83 m). The extract demonstrated antimicrobial and antibiofilm action against all tested strains. However, the most effective antibacterial concentration against all the tested bacteria was 5.55 mg/mL. Therefore, these chemical components justify that M. cauliflora hydroethanolic extract is effective in reducing biofilm formation in S. aureus (standard strain) and A. baumannii (standard and clinical strains).

RESUMEN

This study employs a multidisciplinary approach to evaluate consumers' perceptions and acceptance of Moringa oleifera Lam. beverages, examining sensory attributes, chemical composition, and bioactivities. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) analyses revealed significant chemovariation in phenolic compositions among commercial moringa beverages. A soluble moringa powder drink exhibited the greatest concentrations of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, along with powerful antioxidant capacity powers assessed with ABTS•+, DPPH•, FRAP assays, •NO, and H2O2 scavenging activities. However, this sample was the least preferred and presented high Cd levels, exceeding WHO-acceptable values of 0.3 mg/kg. Sensory testing indicated that sweet and floral flavors contributed to beverages being liked, while green, grass, herbal flavors, sour, bitter, and precipitate presence were considered unfavorable sensory attributes. Health claims positively influenced acceptance, particularly among women. Consumers associated feelings of health, wellness, relaxation, and leisure with moringa beverages. During purchase, the most observed information included the ingredient list, health benefits, and type/flavor. These findings emphasize the importance of consumer awareness in reading labels, verifying product origins, and ensuring the absence of contaminants. By understanding consumer preferences and the impact of health claims, producers can better tailor M. oleifera beverages to meet consumer expectations while maintaining safety and quality standards.

RESUMEN

Araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.) is a native and endemic species to Brazilian Cerrado whose fruits have high sensorial, nutritional, bioactive, and economic potential. Its use in local folk medicine, associated with recent scientific findings, has attracted growing interest from different industrial sectors. Therefore, understanding the scientific advances achieved so far and identifying gaps to be filled is essential to direct future studies and transform accumulated knowledge into innovative technologies and products. In this review, we summarize the phytochemical composition, bioactivities, and food products from araticum fruit that have been reported in the scientific literature over the past 10 years. The compiled data showed that araticum fruit parts contain a wide range of bioactive compounds, particularly phenolic compounds, alkaloids, annonaceous acetogenins, carotenoids, phytosterols, and tocols. These phytochemicals contribute to different biological activities verified in araticum fruit extracts/fractions, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antidyslipidemic, antinociceptive, hepatoprotective, healing of the cutaneous wound, antibacterial, and insecticide effects. Despite the promising findings, further studies-particularly toxicological (especially, with byproducts), pre-clinical, and clinical trials-must be conducted to confirm these biological effects in humans and assure the safety and well-being of consumers.

RESUMEN

Xiphidium caeruleum Aubl. is traditionally used in Cuba as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antilithiatic and diuretic remedy. Here we studied the pharmacognostic parameters of the leaves of X. caeruleum, the preliminary phytochemical composition, diuretic activity and acute oral toxicity of the aqueous extracts from the leaves of plants collected in the vegetative (VE) and flowering (FE) stages. The morphological characteristics and physicochemical parameters of leaves and extracts were determined. The phytochemical composition was assessed by phytochemical screening, TLC, UV, IR and HPLC/DAD profiles. The diuretic activity was evaluated in Wistar rats and compared to furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone. Epidermal cells, stomata and crystals were observed on the leaf surface. Phenolic compounds were identified as the main metabolites, including phenolic acids (gallic, caffeic, ferulic and cinnamic acids) and flavonoids (catechin, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and quercetin). VE and FE showed diuretic activity. The activity of VE was similar to furosemide, and the activity of FE resembled spironolactone. No acute oral toxicity was observed. The presence of flavonoids and phenols in VE and FE may explain at least in part the traditional use and provide some insight into the reported ethnomedical use as a diuretic. Because of the differences in polyphenol profiles between VE and FE, further studies should be carried out to standardize the harvesting and extraction conditions in order to use X. caeruleum leaf extract as herbal medicine.

RESUMEN

Petiveria alliacea L. is an herb used in traditional medicine in Mexico and its roots have been studied to treat pain. However, until now, the antinociceptive properties of the leaves have not been investigated, being the main section used empirically for the treatment of diseases. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the antinociceptive and toxoicological activity of various extracts (aqueous, hexanic, and methanolic) from P. alliacea L. leaves in NIH mice and to perform an in silico analysis of the phytochemical compounds. Firstly, the antinociceptive effect was analyzed using the formalin model and the different doses of each of the extracts that were administered orally to obtain the dose-response curves. In addition, acute toxicity was determined by the up and down method and serum biochemical analysis. Later, the phytochemical study of extracts was carried out by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and visible light spectroscopy, and the volatile chemical components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Moreover, the most abundant compounds identified in the phytochemical study were analyzed in silico to predict their biological activity (PASSonline) and toxicology (OSIRIS Property Explorer). As a result, it was known that all extracts at doses from 10 to 316 mg/kg significantly reduced the pain response in both phases of the formalin model, with values of 50-60% for the inflammatory response. The toxicological studies (DL50) exhibited that all extracts did not cause any mortality up to the 2000 mg/kg dose level. This was corroborated by the values in the normal range of the biochemical parameters in the serum. Finally, the phytochemical screening of the presence of phenolic structures (coumarins, flavonoids) and terpenes (saponins and terpenes) was verified, and the highest content was of a lipid nature, 1.65 ± 0.54 meq diosgenin/mL in the methanolic extract. A total of 54 components were identified, 11 were the most abundant, and only four (Eicosane, Methyl oleate, 4-bis(1-phenylethyl) phenol, and Ethyl linolenate) of them showed a probability towards active antinociceptive activity in silico greater than 0.5. These results showed that the P. alliacea L. leaf extract possesses molecules with antinociceptive activity.

RESUMEN

Tropical fruits are in high demand for their flavor and for their functional composition because these compounds are considered nutraceuticals. Passion fruit production is of economic importance to Ecuador; however, several Passiflora species are grown and each has to be analyzed to identify their phytochemical composition. In this study, the polyphenol, flavonoid, carotenoid, vitamin C, sugar and organic acid contents were determined. Six different Passiflora spp. germplasms were analyzed, coming from Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa, Passiflora alata, Passiflora edulis f. edulis and unidentified Passiflora species (local germplasm). Measurement techniques included reflectometry for vitamin C, spectrophotometry for antioxidant compounds and HPLC for sugars and organic acids. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis, correlation and analysis of variance. Results showed that INIAP 2009 and P10 showed a high amount of polyphenols, antioxidant activity and citric content. Sweet passion fruit had the lowest vitamin C content while Gulupa showed the highest content. In terms of the local germplasm, POR1 showed the lowest content of flavonoids while PICH1 had high flavonoid and carotenoid content. Polyphenols were the main compounds that influenced antioxidant activity. This phytochemical information adds value to passion fruit as a nutraceutical source.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to characterize Lippia graveolens oleoresins, obtained by Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE), from crops collected at different locations in Mexico. The antimicrobial effect of oleoresins was tested in reference strains and clinical isolates of susceptible and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. SIGNIFICANCE: The increasing of MDR strains is becoming a global public health problem that has led to the search for new treatments, and essential oils have resurged as a source of compounds with bactericidal functions. Oregano essential oil has attracted attention recently, however, this oil is mainly obtained by hydro-distillation (uses large amounts of water) or solvents extraction (potential contaminant). SFE has gained popularity as it represents an environmentally friendly technology. METHODS: L. graveolens oleoresins were obtained by SFE, total phenol contents were quantified by Folin-Ciocalteu method, the identification of compounds and thymol and carvacrol quantification was carried out by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was tested by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). RESULTS: SFE showed higher yields compared with the hydro-distillation process. L. graveolens grown in different Mexican locations showed differences in oleoresin composition and a slightly different antimicrobial capacity against clinical isolates. CONCLUSIONS: It was demonstrated that SFE is an efficient technology for extracting L. graveolens oleoresins. Additionally, the solvent-free extraction method and the observed antimicrobial effect increase the applications of these oleoresins in fields, such as cosmetics, food industry, medicine, amongst others.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The Eugenia calycina Cambess, also known as pitanga-do-cerrado, is an unexplored Brazilian fruit used by native people for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of this study was to identify the phenolic compounds from the leaves, pulp and seed of Eugenia calycina by using LC-MS-based targeted and untargeted analysis. The LC-MS-based targeted quantitative analysis showed a high phenolic content in all plant parts in which the ellagic acid was the main phenolic compound with values of 8244.53 µg/g dw (leaves), 5054.43 µg/g dw (pulp) and 715.42 µg/g dw (seed). The leaves, pulp and seed showed a high total phenolic content of 20371.96, 7139.70 and 2204.75 µg/g dw, respectively. In addition, the LC-MS-based targeted analysis showed ellagic acid, myricitrin and epicatechin gallate as the main phenolic compounds in the Eugenia calycina. The LC-MS-based untargeted analysis showed the phytochemical profile of the leaves, pulp and seed in which 153 phytochemicals from different chemical classes were annotated, including organic acids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other compounds. The Eugenia calycina has high potential as a plant-based food due to its phytochemical profile and high phenolic content.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Among the rich Brazilian biodiversity, a wide range of native and exotic fruit species are found. Many of these fruits have high nutritional and bioactive value, being important sources of minerals, phenolic compounds, vitamins, dietary fiber, among others. Also, the prevention of several diseases and disorders have being associated to the action of phytochemical compounds present in fruits with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects, for example. However, despite the potential of these fruits to be explored economically, many of them remain unknown to a large part of the population and food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetical industries, being produced and consumed only locally. Therefore, summarize information about potential Brazilian native fruits species is essential to stimulate their better use and reinforce the local economy promoting the cultivation and exploration of these fruits. In this context, this review summarizes and discusses the physicochemical characteristics, nutrients, phytochemical compounds, and biological properties of seven dark-colored underexploited Brazilian fruits species: Bactris setosa, Eugenia brasiliensis, Eugenia involucrata, Euterpe edulis, Myrcianthes pungens, Myrciaria cauliflora, and Myrciaria jaboticaba.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The effect of solvent polarity on extraction yield and antioxidant properties of phytochemical compounds in bean seeds was studied. Seed flour of three varieties of bean was extracted in a series of organic solvents with increasing polarity (n-hexane, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, acetone and water). Preliminary screening of phytochemicals showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, anthocyanins, terpenoids, carotenoids, ascorbic acid and reducing compounds in all extracts. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) of results showed that extraction yield, phytochemical content and antioxidant properties were significantly influenced (p<0.05) by the polarity of extracting solvents. The regression analysis of data showed polarity-dependent second order polynomial variations in the extraction yield, phytochemical contents, antioxidant activity, reducing properties and free radical scavenging activity of each variety. Extraction in highly polar solvents resulted in high extract yield but low phenolic and flavonoid content as compared to non-polar ones. The polarity-dependent increase in total antioxidant activity and reducing properties indicates the extraction of strong antioxidant compounds in polar solvents. The study suggests the use of a combination of polar and nonpolar solvents to increase the extraction efficiency of phytochemicals with good antioxidant quality from the bean and other legume seeds.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Rhus trilobata Nutt. (Anacardiaceae) (RHTR) is a plant of Mexico that is traditionally used as an alternative treatment for several types of cancer. However, the phytochemical composition and potential toxicity of this plant have not been evaluated to support its therapeutic use. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the biological activity of RHTR against colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, determine its possible acute toxicity, and analyze its phytochemical composition. METHODS: The traditional preparation was performed by decoction of stems in distilled water (aqueous extract, AE), and flavonoids were concentrated with C18-cartridges and ethyl acetate (flavonoid fraction, FF). The biological activity was evaluated by MTT viability curves and the TUNEL assay in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CACO-2), ovarian epithelium (CHO-K1) and lung/bronchus epithelium (BEAS-2B) cells. The toxicological effect was determined in female BALB/c mice after 24 h and 14 days of intraperitoneal administration of 200 mg/kg AE and FF, respectively. Later, the animals were sacrificed for histopathological observation of organs and sera obtained by retro-orbital bleeding for biochemical marker analysis. Finally, the phytochemical characterization of AE and FF was conducted by UPLC-MSE. RESULTS: In the MTT assays, AE and FF at 5 and 18 µg/mL decreased the viability of CACO-2 cells compared with cells treated with vehicle or normal cells (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA), with changes in cell morphology and the induction of apoptosis. Anatomical and histological analysis of organs did not reveal important pathological lesions at the time of assessment. Additionally, biochemical markers remained normal and showed no differences from those of the control group after 24 h and 14 days of treatment (p ≤ 0.05, ANOVA). Finally, UPLC-MSE analysis revealed 173 compounds in AE-RHTR, primarily flavonoids, fatty acids and phenolic acids. The most abundant compounds in AE and FF were quercetin and myricetin derivates (glycosides), methyl gallate, epigallocatechin-3-cinnamate, ß-PGG, fisetin and margaric acid, which might be related to the anticancer properties of RHTR. CONCLUSION: RHTR exhibits biological activity against cancer cells and does not present adverse toxicological effects during its in vivo administration, supporting its traditional use.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Guayusa (Ilex guayusa Loes) is an evergreen tree native of South America that grows particularly in the upper Amazon region of Ecuador. For its health benefits, it has been cultivated and consumed since ancient times by Amazon indigenous tribes. RESULTS: A total of 14 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified. Chlorogenic acid and quercetin-3-O-hexose were the main representatives of the hydroxycinnamic acids and flavonols, respectively. Five carotenoids were identified, showing lutein the highest concentration. Guayusa leaves revealed high antioxidant capacity determined by two analytical methods, DPPH and ORAC. The industrial processing applied to the leaves modified the composition of bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of guayusa. In general, blanched guayusa retained the concentration of phenolic compounds and some carotenoids and similar antioxidant capacity as untreated green leaves. In contrast, fermentation reduced the content of bioactive compounds and showed the lowest antioxidant capacity. CONCLUSION: Therefore, blanched guayusa has potential for product development as a functional ingredient in the food industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical and genetic diversity, relationships and identification of mate (Ilex paraguariensis A.St.-Hil.) elite genetic resources belonging to the Brazilian germplasm collection and mate breeding program. Mate has been studied due to the presence of phytochemical compounds, especially methylxanthines and phenolic compounds. The samples were collected from the leaves of 76 mate elite genetic resources (16 progenies × 5 localities). Total DNA was extracted from mate leaves and 20 random primers were used for DNA amplification. Methylxanthines (caffeine and theobromine) and phenolic compounds (chlorogenic, neochlorogenic, and criptochlorogenic acids) were quantified by HPLC. The genetic divergence estimated was higher within (92%) than among (8%) the different populations. Analysis of genetic distance between origins provided the formation of two groups by UPGMA cluster analysis, with higher polymorphism (94.9%). The average content of caffeine ranged from 0.01 to 1.38% and theobromine of 0.10 - 0.85% (w/w). The caffeoylquinic acids concentrations (1.43 - 5.38%) showed a gradient 3-CQA > 5-CQA > 4-CQA. The coefficient of genetic variation (CVg) was of low magnitude for all mono-caffeoylquinics acids. Significant correlations (positive and negative) were observed between the phytochemical compounds. Genetic diversity analysis performed by RAPD markers showed a greater intra-populational diversity; genetic resources with low caffeine and higher theobromine content were identified and can be used in breeding programs; the correlation between methylxanthines and phenolic compounds can be used as a good predictor in future studies.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Myrcianthes hallii (O. Berg) McVaugh (Myrtaceae) is a plant native to Ecuador, traditionally used for its antiseptic properties. The composition of the hydro-methanolic extract of this plant was determined by submitting it to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) hyphenated to heated-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and UV detection. The presence of antimicrobial components prompted us to test the extract against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, multidrug-resistant and susceptible Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus spp. and Streptococcus pyogenes strains. The chromatographic analysis led to the identification of 38 compounds, including polyphenols and organic acids, and represents the first chemical characterization of this plant. The extract showed modest antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria, with the exception of E. coli which was found to be less sensitive. Whilst methicillin-resistant strains usually display resistance to several drugs, no relevant differences were observed between methicillin-susceptible and resistant strains. Considering its long-standing use in folk medicine, which suggests the relative safety of the plant, and the presence of many known antibacterial polyphenolic compounds responsible for its antibacterial activity, the results show that M. hallii extract could be used as a potential new antiseptic agent. Moreover, new anti-infective biomaterials and nanomaterials could be designed through the incorporation of M. hallii polyphenols. This prospective biomedical application is also discussed.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Eschweilera nana Miers is a tree widely distributed in Cerrado, Brazil. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we aimed to describe its phytochemical properties and antioxidant and topical anti-inflammatory effects for the first time, as well validate an high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet/visible (HPLC-UV-Vis) method for the separation and quantification of the main components (hyperoside and rutin) in the hydroalcoholic extract of E. nana leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Structural identification of compounds in E. nana extract was performed by analysis of spectral data by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance, (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance and/or ESI/EM. The HPLC-UV-Vis method was validated according International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) parameters. The 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method were used for determination of in vitro antioxidant activities and the croton oil-induced inflammation for evaluation of in vivo anti-inflammatory effects. RESULTS: Hyperoside, rutin, α-amirin, ß-amirin, ß-sitosterol, and stigmasterol were identified in the hydroalcoholic extract of E. nana leaves. HPLC-UV-Vis was validated according to ICH parameters. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo assays demonstrated that the hydroalcoholic extract and methanol fraction showed significant antioxidant and topical anti-inflammatory effects, as they were able to reduce ear edema induced by croton-oil application. CONCLUSIONS: This research showed the first phytochemical study of E. nana extract and their biological activities may be associated with the presence of flavonoids in the extracts.

RESUMEN

Plant species naturally selected by sheep grazing in the Cerrado region of Brazil were assessed in vitro for activity against Haemonchus contortus. One year of observations showed the plant families in the region exhibiting greatest richness to be Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, Malpighiaceae, Bignoniaceae, Myrtaceae, and Annonaceae. Nine species commonly selected by grazing sheep showed variation in the selectivity index with respect to the dry and rainy seasons. Coproculture was conducted in five replicates of 11 treatments: ivermectin, distilled water, or dehydrated leaves of nine selected plant species administered at 333.3 mg g(-1) fecal culture. The dried powder of Piptadenia viridiflora and Ximenia americana leaves significantly reduced the number of infective larvae compared to the distilled water control. These species showed efficacy of over 85 % despite low concentrations of proanthocyanidin. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses of extracts of these plants showed major peaks of UV spectra characteristic of flavonoids. Those naturally selected plant species with high antihelminthic efficacy show promise for use in diet as an alternative control of H. contortus in sheep.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Introducción: el alga roja Galaxaura rugosa (J. Ellis & Solander) J.V. Lamouroux (Galaxauraceae) es una de las especies más abundantes en la plataforma rocosa del arrecife coralino del archipiélago cubano, sin embargo, poco se conoce de sus propiedades farmacológicas. Objetivos: evaluar la actividad antiinflamatoria y analgésica del extracto en diclorometano del alga roja G. rugosa, así como la composición fitoquímica de esta especie. Métodos: las algas se colectaron en el litoral norte de La Habana. La caracterización fitoquímica del alga se realizó según el Método de Chabra. Para la preparación del extracto se sometió la muestra a extracción Soxhlet con diclorometano a 40 ºC. La actividad antiinflamatoria tópica se estudió en el modelo de edema de la oreja inducido por aceite de Croton en ratones machos OF-1, a las dosis de 10*10-3; 0,125; 0,25; 0,5; 1 y 2 mg/oreja. Se evaluó también la actividad analgésica del extracto en el modelo de contorsiones inducidas por ácido acético al 0,8 por ciento, por vía intraperitoneal (i.p.), a las dosis de 3; 6; 12,5; 25 y 100 mg/kg. Resultados: G. rugosa presentó en su composición fitoquímica compuestos grasos, lactónicos, triterpénicos y/o esteroidales y carbohidratos. El extracto en diclorometano de G. rugosa a partir de la dosis de 0,125 mg/oreja presenta una potente actividad antiinflamatoria (superior al 40 por ciento). El extracto logró reducir las contorsiones en más de un 75 por ciento a partir de la dosis de 6 mg/kg. Conclusiones: los resultados presentados demuestran que el extracto en diclorometano del alga roja G. rugosa está constituido por una mezcla de compuestos capaces de inhibir con una elevada eficacia farmacológica la respuesta inflamatoria aguda y el dolor inducido por agentes químicos(AU)

Introduction: the red alga Galaxaura rugosa (J. Ellis & Solander) J.V. Lamouroux (Galaxauraceae) is one of the most abundant species on the rocky platform of the Cuban coral reef. However, little is known about its pharmacological properties. Objectives: evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of a dichloromethane extract from the red alga G. rugosa and determine the phytochemical composition of the species. Methods: the algae were collected from the northern coast of Havana. Phytochemical characterization of the alga was performed using Chabra's method. The extract was obtained with a Soxhlet device with dichloromethane at 40 ºC. Topical anti-inflammatory activity was studied with the croton oil ear edema test model in male OF-1 mice at doses of 10*10-3, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ear. The analgesic activity of the extract was evaluated on a model of writhing induced by 0.8 percent acetic acid administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at doses of 3, 6, 12.5, 25 and 100 mg/kg. Results: phytochemical analysis of G. rugosa revealed the presence of fatty, lactonic, triterpenic and/or steroidal compounds, as well as carbohydrates. The dichloromethane extract of G. rugosa at the dose of 0.125 mg/ear displayed a potent anti-inflammatory activity (above 40 percent). The extract reduced writhing by more than 75 percent with a dose of 6 mg/kg. Conclusions: results show that dichloromethane extract of the red alga G. rugosa is composed of a mixture of compounds capable of inhibiting the acute inflammatory response and the pain induced by chemical agents with a high pharmacological efficacy(AU)

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

INTRODUCCIÓN: el alga roja Galaxaura rugosa (J. Ellis & Solander) J.V. Lamouroux (Galaxauraceae) es una de las especies más abundantes en la plataforma rocosa del arrecife coralino del archipiélago cubano, sin embargo, poco se conoce de sus propiedades farmacológicas. OBJETIVOS: evaluar la actividad antiinflamatoria y analgésica del extracto en diclorometano del alga roja G. rugosa, así como la composición fitoquímica de esta especie. MÉTODOS: las algas se colectaron en el litoral norte de La Habana. La caracterización fitoquímica del alga se realizó según el Método de Chabra. Para la preparación del extracto se sometió la muestra a extracción Soxhlet con diclorometano a 40 ºC. La actividad antiinflamatoria tópica se estudió en el modelo de edema de la oreja inducido por aceite de Croton en ratones machos OF-1, a las dosis de 10*10-3; 0,125; 0,25; 0,5; 1 y 2 mg/oreja. Se evaluó también la actividad analgésica del extracto en el modelo de contorsiones inducidas por ácido acético al 0,8 %, por vía intraperitoneal (i.p.), a las dosis de 3; 6; 12,5; 25 y 100 mg/kg. RESULTADOS: G. rugosa presentó en su composición fitoquímica compuestos grasos, lactónicos, triterpénicos y/o esteroidales y carbohidratos. El extracto en diclorometano de G. rugosa a partir de la dosis de 0,125 mg/oreja presenta una potente actividad antiinflamatoria (superior al 40 %). El extracto logró reducir las contorsiones en más de un 75 % a partir de la dosis de 6 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONES: los resultados presentados demuestran que el extracto en diclorometano del alga roja G. rugosaestá constituido por una mezcla de compuestos capaces de inhibir con una elevada eficacia farmacológica la respuesta inflamatoria aguda y el dolor inducido por agentes químicos.

INTRODUCTION: the red alga Galaxaura rugosa (J. Ellis & Solander) J.V. Lamouroux (Galaxauraceae) is one of the most abundant species on the rocky platform of the Cuban coral reef. However, little is known about its pharmacological properties. OBJECTIVES: evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of a dichloromethane extract from the red alga G. rugosa and determine the phytochemical composition of the species. METHODS: the algae were collected from the northern coast of Havana. Phytochemical characterization of the alga was performed using Chabra's method. The extract was obtained with a Soxhlet device with dichloromethane at 40 ºC. Topical anti-inflammatory activity was studied with the croton oil ear edema test model in male OF-1 mice at doses of 10*10-3, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/ear. The analgesic activity of the extract was evaluated on a model of writhing induced by 0.8 % acetic acid administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at doses of 3, 6, 12.5, 25 and 100 mg/kg. RESULTS: phytochemical analysis of G. rugosa revealed the presence of fatty, lactonic, triterpenic and/or steroidal compounds, as well as carbohydrates. The dichloromethane extract of G. rugosa at the dose of 0.125 mg/ear displayed a potent anti-inflammatory activity (above 40 %). The extract reduced writhing by more than 75 % with a dose of 6 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: results show that dichloromethane extract of the red alga G. rugosa is composed of a mixture of compounds capable of inhibiting the acute inflammatory response and the pain induced by chemical agents with a high pharmacological efficacy. composed of a mixture of compounds capable of inhibiting the acute inflammatory response and the pain induced by chemical agents with a high pharmacological efficacy.

Asunto(s)