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The global aging population has led to a significant rise in the prevalence of age-related non-communicable diseases such as dementia and other cognitive disorders. In 2019, there were 57.4 million people with dementia worldwide, and this number is projected to triple by 2050. Intervening in and managing 12 potentially modifiable dementia risk factors can prevent or delay the onset and progression of about 40% of dementia cases. Neuroimaging, biomarkers, and advanced neuropsychological testing offer promising pathways for the early detection of dementia. Emphasis should be placed on educating the public about the importance of brain health and the early signs of cognitive impairment, as well as promoting dementia prevention measures. Adopting a healthy lifestyle - including a balanced diet, regular physical exercise, active social engagement, cognitive activities, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption - can help reduce the risk of cognitive decline and prevent cognitive disorders. Government policies on dementia prevention and health care, along with early and regular dementia screening programs, can enhance the early identification and management of individuals at risk. In addition, integrating cognitive health assessments into routine medical check-ups is essential for the early screening and management of dementia.

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Objective: Investigate three new computer tests of visual abilities relative to traditional paper-and-pencil (P&P) tests on groups with and without cerebral neurological impairment (CNI, Non-CNI) based on MRI and EEG criteria. The new tests employ an intuitive interface with audio instructions, touch responses, non-response prompts, and videography of test behavior. The Presidents Test was designed as an achievement-related measure of visual knowledge; the Railroad Test - visual perception and delayed recognition; and the Swamp Test - visual attention. Attitudes toward testing were assessed with an original Testing Experience Questionnaire (TEQ). Method: Of the 129 participants, 84 were women, 73 identified as non-White, average age 45.5 and education 14.3 years. Procedures included the new computer tests and a selection of standard neuropsychological measures including performance validity tests (PVT). Participants who failed two or three PVTs or had missing PVT data were excluded from main analyses, resulting in N = 115. Results: The new computer tests demonstrated adequate reliability. Correlations and factor analyses confirmed the computer tests as functioning in accordance with design. The Presidents Test was associated with academic achievement. The Railroad and Swamp Tests were linked to visual perception and visual attention. Correlations between computer total test duration time and traditional speed of processing tasks were modest. Computer and traditional tests demonstrated similar discriminability between CNI and Non-CNI groups. TEQ indicated positive attitudes toward testing in general, and computer testing in particular. Conclusions: The new computer tests evaluated in this study were found to be reliable, functioned to assess the designed cognitive domains, and discriminated between CNI and Non-CNI participants similarly to the traditional neuropsychological measures. Attitudes toward computer testing were favorable.

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Post-acute COVID syndrome (PACS), or long COVID, is a newly defined condition emerging as a widespread post-pandemic diagnosis with prevalent neuro-psychiatric symptoms and possible neuroinflammation-associated pathogenetic mechanisms.

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The global impact of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic has extended beyond physical health, leading to widespread mental health issues. Beyond respiratory symptoms, there is a growing concern about long-term cognitive effects, particularly in individuals who experienced mild cases of the infection. We aimed to investigate the neuropsychological aspects of long-term COVID-19 in non-hospitalized adults compared with a control group. This cross-sectional study included 42 participants, 22 individuals with a history of mild COVID, and 20 healthy controls. The participants were recruited from the community and underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Participants from the mild COVID group reported cognitive symptoms persisting for an average of 203.86 days and presented a higher frequency of psychological treatment history (81.8%) compared with the control group (25.0%). History of anxiety disorders was more prevalent in the mild COVID group (63.6%) than in the control group (20.0%). Significant reductions in verbal working memory were observed in the mild COVID group. Levels of anxiety were found to have a significant impact on difficulties with visual recognition memory. This study reveals important neuropsychological alterations in individuals following mild COVID-19, emphasizing executive functions deficits. Our findings underscore the persistence of these deficits even in non-hospitalized cases, suggesting potential inflammatory mechanisms in the central nervous system. The study highlights the need for comprehensive assessments and targeted interventions to address the diverse cognitive impacts on individuals recovering from COVID-19.

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OBJECTIVES: Neuropsychological tests (NPTs) are standard tools for assessing cognitive function. These tools can evaluate the cognitive status of a subject, which can be time-consuming and expensive for interpretation. Therefore, this paper aimed to optimize the systematic NPTs by machine learning and develop new classification models for differentiating healthy controls (HC), mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD) among groups of subjects. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total dataset of 14,926 subjects was obtained from the formal 46 NPTs based on the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery (SNSB). The statistical values of the dataset included an age of 70.18 ± 7.13 with an education level of 8.18 ± 5.50 and a diagnosis group of three; HC, MCI, and ADD. The dataset was preprocessed and classified in two- and three-way machine-learning classification from scikit-learn (www.scikit-learn.org) to differentiate between HC versus MCI, HC versus ADD, HC versus Cognitive Impairment (CI) (MCI + ADD), and HC versus MCI versus ADD. We compared the performance of seven machine learning algorithms, including Naïve Bayes (NB), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), AdaBoost, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), area under the curve (AUC), confusion matrixes, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were obtained from each model based on the test dataset. RESULTS: The trained models based on 29 best-selected NPT features were evaluated, the model with the RF algorithm yielded the best accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC in all four models: HC versus MCI was 98%, 98%, 97%, 98%, 97%, and 99%; HC versus ADD was 98%, 99%, 96%, 97%, 98%, and 99%; HC versus CI was 97%, 99%, 92%, 97%, 97%, and 99% and HC versus MCI versus ADD was 97%, 96%, 98%, 97%, 98%, and 99%, respectively, in predicting of cognitive impairment among subjects. CONCLUSION: According to the results, the RF algorithm was the best classification model for both two- and three-way classification among the seven algorithms trained on an imbalanced NPTs SNSB dataset. The trained models proved useful for diagnosing MCI and ADD in patients with normal NPTs. These models can optimize cognitive evaluation, enhance diagnostic accuracy, and reduce missed diagnoses.

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INTRODUCTION: The Corsi Block Tapping Test, or Corsi Span (CS), is a widely used task to measure visuospatial short-term and working memory. The same setup can be used to administer the Corsi SupraSpan Learning (CSSL) and Recall (CSSR), tests assessing visuospatial long-term memory. While the CS has relatively recent normative data, those of the CSSL are outdated For CSSR, no normative data are available. Given this critical lack, our study aimed to provide updated norms for CS, CSSL, and specifically for the recall delayed phase (CSSR). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A sample of 340 healthy participants, aged between 20 and 89, took part in the study. Norms were developed using a regression approach and defined using rank equivalent scores and percentiles. RESULTS: Age and education influenced Corsi's Span, while SupraSpan Learning and Recall were influenced by age, education, and span. The comparison with previous norms for Span and SupraSpan Learning shows a high level of agreement. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides integrated norms to evaluate visuospatial memory in all aspects of immediate recall, long-term learning and delayed recall. Its use is needed to assess specific neuropsychological deficits, dissociate visuospatial versus verbal memory deficits and allow the evaluation of memory in patients with limited verbal abilities.

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BACKGROUND: Normative data for Spanish-speaking populations, particularly Hispanics in the U.S., is notably scarce. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to establish normative data for executive function tests (Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Stroop Color and Word Test) among Spanish-speaking Hispanics in the U.S. METHODS: We assessed 245 individuals aged 18-80 from eight U.S. states (California, Connecticut, Florida, Indiana, New Jersey, Oregon, Virginia, and Wisconsin) and employed Bayesian regression to estimate norms, considering various sociodemographic factors influencing performance. RESULTS: The posterior distribution suggests a high probability that age impacts SCWT performance, with older adults likely to show greater declines, particularly among those with high proficiency in Spanish. The posterior distribution suggests a stronger effect of age on M-WCST performance among individuals with longer U.S. residency. Educational attainment demonstrates a robust positive impact on M-WCST outcomes, with lower levels of education associated with a higher probability of increased errors. An interaction between education and Spanish proficiency was observed, influencing SCWT scores differently across proficiency levels. Sex and acculturation levels interact to affect SCWT performance, with distinct patterns observed between men and women. This suggests that the impact of acculturation on cognitive test performance may vary by gender. CONCLUSION: Establishing culturally sensitive normative data can enhance accurate identification of executive dysfunction and reduce misdiagnosis risks. This study underscores the importance of considering sociocultural factors including acculturation and language proficiency in neuropsychological assessments to better serve diverse populations.

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Background: Time perception is known to be distorted in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the correlation between cognitive decline and time distortion by examining time perception in participants with neurocognitive impairment (Alzheimer's disease [AD], vascular dementia [VD], and Parkinson's disease dementia [PDD]) compared to those with subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). Methods: Overall, 569 participants with cognitive decline complaints between 2013 and 2022 were investigated. Participants were subjected to a verbal estimation task, time production task, time comparison task, and neuropsychological assessments. Results: Time perception abilities were distorted in patients with neurocognitive impairment compared to those with SCI. Despite similar educational backgrounds, the vascular cognitive impairment (VCI)/VD group demonstrated the lowest MMSE scores (22.4 ± 4.2, p-value <0.001) and larger time-estimation errors. Patients with VCI/VD significantly underestimated time in the 35-s (19.6 ± 12.6s) and 60-s (28.7 ± 19.9s) tasks. In the time production task, patients with VCI/VD produced shorter times in their 15-s (12.7 ± 4.3; p-value = 0.001), 30-s (23.6 ± 8.3; p value < 0.001), and 60-s (43.8 ± 18.9; p-value <0.001) trials. In the time comparison task, the VCI/VD group had significantly fewer correct answers than that in the SCI groups (6.0 ± 1.3 vs. 7.1 ± 0.9, p-value <0.001). Correlation analysis revealed that multiple cognitive functions are involved in the time perception tasks. Conclusions: Patients with VCI/VD had the poorest time perception. These findings may provide a modest contribution to understanding the underlying pathophysiology and psychological connections related to temporal abilities in time perception.

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Introduction: Cognitive impairment is one of the most important end-stage consequences of renal disease. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of super brain yoga on the cognitive function of hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 60 HD patients who were assigned to the control (n = 30) and intervention (n = 30) groups. In addition to undergoing their routine HD, subjects in the intervention group performed yoga exercises for one month, at least three days a week, once a day. Cognitive function score of the patients at baseline and after the study (one month later) was measured using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 using descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics, including independent t-test, paired t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: The mean score of cognitive function, urea, creatinine, and dialysis adequacy at baseline was 26.07 ± 3.72, 133.83 ± 34.19, 9.37 ± 2.55, and 1.22 ± 0.24 in the control group and28.97 ± 1.62, 174.17 ± 52.8, 13.38 ± 4.16, and 1.26 ± 0.22, in the intervention group, respectively. At the baseline, there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of cognitive function, urea, creatinine (p-value = 0.001), but there was not in terms of dialysis adequacy (p-value = 0.974). Therefore, the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to adjust their effects. The mean score of these variables after the study was 25.77 ± 3.11, 146 ± 42.03, 9.7 ± 2.61, and 1.24 ± 0.24 in the control group and 29.17 ± 1.23, 156.03 ± 37.67, 12.27 ± 3.46, and 1.43 ± 0.19 in the intervention group, respectively. There was a significant difference in cognitive function between two the groups (p = 0.05). Conclusion: Super brain yoga exercises seem to play an effective role in improving the cognitive function of HD patients. Therefore, super brain yoga is recommended as a complementary therapy for HD patients in nursing.

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To identify baseline biomarkers of delayed neurocognitive recovery (dNCR) using monitors commonly used in anesthesia. In this sub-study of observational prospective cohorts, we evaluated adult patients submitted to general anesthesia in a tertiary academic center in the United States. Electroencephalographic (EEG) features and cerebral oximetry were assessed in the perioperative period. The primary outcome was dNCR, defined as a decrease of 2 scores in the global Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) between the baseline and postoperative period. Forty-six adults (median [IQR] age, 65 [15]; 57% females; 65% American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) 3 were analyzed. Thirty-one patients developed dNCR (67%). Baseline higher EEG power in the lower alpha band (AUC = 0.73 (95% CI 0.48-0.93)) and lower alpha peak frequency (AUC = 0.83 (95% CI 0.48-1)), as well as lower cerebral oximetry (68 [5] vs 72 [3], p = 0.011) were associated with dNCR. Higher EEG power in the lower alpha band, lower alpha peak frequency, and lower cerebral oximetry values can be surrogates of baseline brain vulnerability.

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OBJECTIVE: People with HIV (PWH) can demonstrate elevated cognitive intraindividual variability (IIV-dispersion) that is associated with everyday functioning problems. Higher IIV-dispersion is theorized to reflect lapses in executive aspects of cognitive control, but few studies have directly evaluated this possibility. METHOD: 72 PWH completed the Cogstate and clinical measures of executive functions, psychomotor speed, and episodic memory. IIV-dispersion was calculated with the coefficient of variation (CoV) from six age-adjusted Cogstate subtest scores. RESULTS: Multiple regression showed that the three domain-level cognitive predictors explained 8% of the variance in Cogstate CoV (p = .03). Within this model, poorer executive functions were moderately associated with higher Cogstate CoV (p = .01), but the psychomotor and episodic memory domains were not (ps > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Findings align with cognitive theory in demonstrating IIV-dispersion is uniquely associated with independent measures of executive functions among PWH. Future experimental and mechanistic studies are needed to determine the precise executive aspects of IIV-dispersion.

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PURPOSE: Cognitive frailty (CF) is the co-existence of cognitive impairment and physical frailty without dementia, conferring greater risks of adverse clinical outcomes compared to either condition alone. However, the impact of physical frailty components on cognitive performance remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate CF by determining the neuropsychological profiles, functional outcomes, activity levels, and quality of life across the Fried Frailty Phenotype (FFP) and its components. METHODS: Cross-sectional study involving 120 community-dwelling older adults without dementia, but with subjective cognitive complaints (SCC, defined as AD8 ≥ 1). Participants were stratified into three groups to assess CF: SCC-Robust, SCC-Prefrail, and SCC-Frail, and further categorized by individual FFP components. Cognitive performance was assessed by comparing neuropsychological test battery (NTB) Z-scores between CF and non-CF groups with Cohen's d for effect sizes. We performed linear regression to examine the relationships between both groups with NTB scores, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL), Frenchay Activities Index (FAI), and quality of life scores. RESULTS: NTB scores showed no differences between individuals with CF when classified according to FFP criteria. Individuals with SCC-slow gait speed exhibited reduced processing speed (d = 0.62) and memory (d = 0.61); SCC-fatigue was associated with decreased working memory (d = 0.55). Regression analyses, adjusted for demographic and clinical variables, identified significant associations: slow gait speed with logical memory (- 0.42; 95% CI - 0.79 to - 0.038]) and symbol search (- 0.28; 95% CI - 0.56 to - 0.006]); fatigue with digit span backwards (- 0.66; 95% CI - 1.19 to - 0.14) and color trails 2 (- 0.67; 95% CI, - 1.15 to - 0.20). SCC-slow gait speed and SCC-fatigue were associated with reduced quality of life scores, but not with IADL and FAI scores. CONCLUSION: Specific frailty components, notably slow gait speed and fatigue, influence cognitive function and quality of life. Our findings provide greater insights into characterizing CF. Further longitudinal studies are required to determine the cognitive and functional trajectories of CF.

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OBJECTIVE: Normal aging often leads to cognitive decline, and oldest old people, over 80 years old, have a 15% risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, it is important to have appropriate tools to assess cognitive function in old age. The study aimed to provide new norms for neuropsychological tests used to evaluate the cognitive abilities in people aged 80 years and older in France, focusing on the impact of education and gender differences. METHOD: 107 healthy participants with an average age of 85.2 years, with no neurological history or major cognitive deficits were included. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment was performed, covering several cognitive functions such as memory, visuospatial abilities, executive functions, attention, processing speed, and praxis. RESULTS: Individuals with lower levels of education performed poorly on some tests and took longer to complete. Gender differences were observed, with women outperforming men in verbal episodic memory, while men showed better performance in visuoconstructive tasks. The participants showed lower performance in verbal episodic memory compared to norms established in previous French studies. In relation to executive functions, participants were slower to perform complex tasks than participants in previous studies. CONCLUSION: This study provides cognitive norms specifically adapted to the oldest old population, which differ from established norms for younger aging adults. It highlights the importance of including these norms in future clinical and scientific investigations. The findings underscore the importance of education on cognitive abilities and emphasize the need to consider gender differences when assessing cognitive functions in aging populations.

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OBJECTIVES: Identify which NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) subtest(s) best differentiate healthy controls (HC) from those with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and compare the discriminant accuracy between a model using a priori "Norm Adjusted" scores versus "Unadjusted" standard scores with age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education controlled for within the model. Racial differences were also examined. METHODS: Participants were Black/African American (B/AA) and White consensus-confirmed (HC = 96; aMCI = 62) adults 60-85 years old that completed the NIHTB-CB for tablet. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) was used in the Total Sample and separately for B/AA (n = 80) and White participants (n = 78). RESULTS: Picture Sequence Memory (an episodic memory task) was the highest loading coefficient across all DFA models. When stratified by race, differences were noted in the pattern of the highest loading coefficients within the DFAs. However, the overall discriminant accuracy of the DFA models in identifying HCs and those with aMCI did not differ significantly by race (B/AA, White) or model/score type (Norm Adjusted versus Unadjusted). CONCLUSIONS: Racial differences were noted despite the use of normalized scores or demographic covariates-highlighting the importance of including underrepresented groups in research. While the models were fairly accurate at identifying consensus-confirmed HCs, the models proved less accurate at identifying White participants with an aMCI diagnosis. In clinical settings, further work is needed to optimize computerized batteries and the use of NIHTB-CB norm adjusted scores is recommended. In research settings, demographically corrected scores or within model correction is suggested.

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OBJECTIVE: Anxiety is a common comorbid feature of late-life depression (LLD) and is associated with poorer global cognitive functioning independent of depression severity. However, little is known about whether comorbid anxiety is associated with a domain-specific pattern of cognitive dysfunction. We therefore examined group differences (LLD with and without comorbid anxiety) in cognitive functioning performance across multiple domains. METHOD: Older adults with major depressive disorder (N = 228, ages 65-91) were evaluated for anxiety and depression severity, and cognitive functioning (learning, memory, language, processing speed, executive functioning, working memory, and visuospatial functioning). Ordinary least squares regression adjusting for age, sex, education, and concurrent depression severity examined anxiety group differences in performance on tests of cognitive functioning. RESULTS: Significant group differences emerged for confrontation naming and visuospatial functioning, as well as for verbal fluency, working memory, and inhibition with lower performance for LLD with comorbid anxiety compared to LLD only, controlling for depression severity. CONCLUSIONS: Performance patterns identified among older adults with LLD and comorbid anxiety resemble neuropsychological profiles typically seen in neurodegenerative diseases of aging. These findings have potential implications for etiological considerations in the interpretation of neuropsychological profiles.

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A balanced diet is relevant for neuropsychological functioning. We aimed to analyze the association between dietary patterns and neuropsychological outcomes in a sample of healthy adolescents of the Walnuts Smart Snack (WSS) cohort from Barcelona city. We performed principal components analysis (PCA) to determine dietary patterns in the adolescent sample using a food frequency questionnaire (60 items). Multiple linear regression models were performed to analyze the association between PCA dietary patterns with neuropsychological outcomes: Strengths and Difficulties (SDQ) externalizing and internalizing scores, Attention Network Test (ANT) Impulsivity Index and Emotional Recognition Task (ERT) scores. We additionally adjusted the models for child sex, age, body mass index (BMI), physical activity and maternal education. Six dietary patterns were identified in PCA analyses. "low consumption of calorie-dense foods" dietary pattern had a negative association (protective) with the both SDQ outcomes (p value < 0.001) and "Nuts" dietary pattern showed a negative (protective) association with impulsivity index ( ß 1 = -24.60, 95% CI = -36.80, -12.41, p value < 0.001). Overall, our main results suggest that healthy dietary patterns, including higher intakes of "nuts" and a preference of "low consumption of calorie-dense foods" dietary patterns, could provide a beneficial association with neuropsychological functions during the adolescence period. The associations may include improvements of externalizing and internalizing problem symptoms, and impulsivity.

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The cognitive deterioration of politicians is a critical emerging issue. As professions including law and medicine develop and implement cognitive assessments, their insights may inform the proper strategy within politics. The aging, lifetime-appointed judiciary raises legal and administrative questions of such assessments, while testing of older physicians experiencing cognitive decline provides real-life examples of implementation. In politics, cognitive assessment must contend with the field's unique challenges, also taking context-dependent interpretations of cognitive-neuropsychological status into account. These perspectives, from legal and medical experts, political scientists, and officeholders, can contribute toward an equitable, functioning, and non-discriminatory system of assessing cognition that educates the public and enables politicians to maintain their public responsibilities. With proper implementation and sufficient public knowledge, we believe cognitive assessments for politicians, particularly political candidates, can be valuable for maintaining properly functioning governance. We offer recommendations on the development, implementation, and execution of such assessments, grappling with their democratic and legal implications.

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OBJECTIVE: Premorbid tests estimate cognitive ability prior to neurological condition onset or brain injury. Tests requiring oral pronunciation of visually presented irregular words, such as the National Adult Reading Test (NART), are commonly used due to robust evidence that word familiarity is well-preserved across a range of neurological conditions and correlates highly with intelligence. Our aim is to examine the prediction limits of NART variants to assess their ability to accurately estimate premorbid IQ. METHOD: We examine the prediction limits of 13 NART variants, calculate which IQ classification system categories are reachable in principle, and consider the proportion of the adult population in the target country falling outside the predictable range. RESULTS: Many NART variants cannot reach higher or lower IQ categories due to floor/ceiling effects and inherent limitations of linear regression (used to convert scores to predicted IQ), restricting clinical accuracy in evaluating premorbid ability (and thus the magnitude of impairment). For some variants this represents a sizeable proportion of the target population. CONCLUSIONS: Since both higher and lower IQ categories are unreachable in principle, we suggest that future NART variants consider polynomial or broken-stick fitting (or similar methods) and suggest that prediction limits should be routinely reported.

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The prevalence of Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is increasing as populations age, causing immense suffering for patients, families, and communities. Unfortunately, no treatments for this neurodegenerative disease have been established. Predicting AD is therefore becoming more important, because early diagnosis is the best way to prevent its onset and delay its progression. METHODS: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is the stage between normal cognition and AD, with large variations in its progression. The disease can be effectively managed by accurately predicting the probability of MCI progressing to AD over several years. In this study we used the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset to predict the progression of MCI to AD over a 3-year period from baseline. We developed and compared various recurrent neural network (RNN) models to determine the predictive effectiveness of four neuropsychological (NP) tests and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data at baseline. RESULTS: The experimental results confirmed that the Preclinical Alzheimer's Cognitive Composite score was the most effective of the four NP tests, and that the prediction performance of the NP tests improved over time. Moreover, the gated recurrent unit model exhibited the best performance among the prediction models, with an average area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.916. CONCLUSIONS: Timely prediction of progression from MCI to AD can be achieved using a series of NP test results and an RNN, both with and without using the baseline MRI data.

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Science knowledge refers to the depth and breadth of facts acquired within the life, social, and earth sciences, and it has implications for both public and personal health. Drawing from cognitive aging theory, we examine whether levels of science knowledge are associated with age, neuropsychological functioning, and personal health literacy. Fifty-two younger and fifty older healthy adults completed our telephone-based study that included a commonly used test of science knowledge, as well as measures of neuropsychological functioning, health literacy, and relevant descriptives (e.g., mood). Adjusting for other demographics and neuropsychological functioning, older adults had significantly lower science knowledge test scores than younger adults. In the full sample, lower science knowledge showed medium-to-large associations with episodic memory, executive functions, and health literacy, independent of years of education. These results suggest that older adults' science knowledge falls slightly below that of their younger counterparts and is independently associated with higher order neuropsychological functions and aspects of personal health, which may have implications for accessing, understanding, and using relevant public health information across the lifespan.