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Introduction: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are low-incidence tumors whose clinical and histopathological factors are associated with adverse oncological outcomes. This study evaluated prognostic factors (PF) associated with tumor recurrence and overall survival (OS) in patients diagnosed with STS of the extremities, treated at the Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC), Bogotá, Colombia. Materials and Methods: An analytical observational study of a historical cohort was carried out, including patients diagnosed with STS and managed surgically in the Functional Unit for Breast and Soft Tissue Tumors of the INC from January 2008 to December 2018. Results: A total of 227 patients were included; 74.5% had tumors greater than 5 cm. Most patients (29.1%) were in stage IIIB at diagnosis. Age was associated with higher mortality (HR = 1.01; CI95%: 1-1.02; p = 0.048). Tumor persistence at admission to the INC (HR = 2.34; CI95%: 1.25-4.35; p = 0.007) and histologic grade III (HR = 5.36; CI95%: 2.29-12.56; p = <0.001) showed statistical significance in the multivariate analysis for recurrence of any type, as did the PFs associated with a higher risk of local recurrence (HR = 2.85; CI95%: 1.23-6.57; p = 0.014 and HR = 6.09; CI95%: 2.03-18.2; p = 0.001), respectively. Tumor size (HR = 1.03; CI95%: 1-1.06; p = 0.015) and histologic grade III (HR = 4.53; CI95%: 1.42-14.49; p = 0.011) were associated with a higher risk of distant recurrence. Conclusions: This cohort showed that in addition to histologic grade and tumor size, tumor persistence at the time of admission has an impact on disease recurrence, so STS should be managed by a multidisciplinary team with experience in this pathology in high-volume reference centers.
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Extremidades , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia , Sarcoma , Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Sarcoma/mortalidad , Colombia/epidemiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Extremidades/patología , Pronóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/mortalidad , Neoplasias de los Tejidos Blandos/patología , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
We observe delayed referrals to appropriate Microsurgery Unit and definitive treatment of traumatic limb amputations. Cases with wrist proximal amputations have a deadline for surgical replantation as these configure life-threatening injuries. Objective: To analyze patients with traumatic proximal wrist upper limb amputations with prolonged ischemic time who underwent temporary artery catheterization to assess stump viability and results. Methods: A case-series study including all patients with a proximal wrist upper limb amputation and a cold ischemic time equal to or above six hours from 2017 to 2021. Results: In total, two surgeons operated eight patients who had experienced forearm amputation injuries. Median ischemia time totaled eight hours. All patients required additional surgeries, most commonly split-thickness skin graft or fixation revision (three patients). This study obtained five successful macroreimplantations. The mean cold ischemia time was longer in the group with successful macroreimplantations (7.4 hours) than of the unsuccessful group (9 hours). Conclusion: Macroreplantations require immediate referral to microsurgery and, although temporary artery catheterization helps surgical decision making, the technique seems to fail to influence outcomes. Level of Evidence IV, Retrospective Case Series.
Observa-se um atraso no referenciamento dos casos para o tratamento definitivo das amputações traumáticas de membros no Brasil. Casos com amputações proximais ao punho apresentam um prazo limite para reimplante, sendo lesões que promovem risco de vida ao paciente. Objetivo: Analisar os macrorreimplantes com tempo de isquemia prolongado submetidos à cateterização temporária da artéria, para determinar a viabilidade do coto de amputação, e seus resultados. Métodos: Série de casos de todos os pacientes com amputações traumáticas proximais ao punho, cujo tempo de isquemia fria foi igual ou superior a seis horas, entre 2017 e 2021. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por oito pacientes com amputações traumáticas de antebraço operados por dois cirurgiões. O tempo médio de isquemia foi de oito horas. Todos os pacientes necessitaram de cirurgias adicionais, sendo as mais comuns o enxerto de pele ou a revisão da fixação óssea. Sucesso do macrorreimplante foi observado em cinco pacientes. O tempo médio de isquemia fria foi maior no grupo com sucesso no macrorreimplante (7,4 horas) quando comparado com o grupo sem sucesso (9 horas). Conclusão: Os macrorreimplantes necessitam de transferência imediata para serviços especializados, e, apesar de a cateterização temporária arterial auxiliar no manejo cirúrgico, a técnica parece não interferir nos resultados. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.
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Background: Lower limbs are frequently involved in vascular trauma, but it is still not clear which factors lead to unfavorable clinical outcomes. Objectives: To determine the clinical profile of patients with femoropopliteal injuries, the trauma mechanisms, and treatment and identify which factors led to unfavorable outcomes. Methods: A retrospective study based on the medical records of patients treated from 2017 to 2021. The following data were assessed: sex, age, distance to reach the hospital, trauma mechanism, hypovolemic shock, additional injuries, treatment of vascular injuries, whether fasciotomy was needed, inappropriate intraoperative decisions, and injury severity score. Need for surgical reintervention, amputation, and death were defined as unfavorable outcomes. Univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: The sample comprised 94 patients; 83% were men; mean age was 30.8 years; combined arterial and venous injuries prevailed (57.5%); and superficial femoral vessels were the most affected (61.7%). Penetrating mechanisms prevailed (80.9%). Arterial injuries were most frequently treated with venous graft (59.6%) and venous injuries underwent ligation (81.4%). In 15% of cases, inappropriate surgical decisions were detected; most often use of the ipsilateral great saphenous vein for arterial reconstruction. Unfavorable outcomes occurred in 44.7%: surgical reintervention was necessary in 21.3% and limb amputation in 25.5%, while 9.5% of the patients died. Conclusions: These injuries mainly involved young men, victims of gunshot wounds. Superficial femoral vessels were the most injured; concomitant non-vascular trauma was frequent, mainly fractures. Inappropriate surgical decisions increased the need for reinterventions by 34 times. Need for fasciotomy, presence of fracture/dislocation, blunt trauma mechanism, and popliteal artery injury increased the risk of amputation.
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SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of scapular kinesiotaping and sham-taping applications on upper extremity functionality in healthy active subjects. METHODS: In total, 60 participants were randomly divided into two groups: scapular kinesiotaping group (n=30) and sham-taping group (n=30). While scapular kinesiotaping was applied to the kinesiotaping group, scapular rigid taping was applied to the sham-taping group. At the end of the third day of the taping application, the individuals were re-evaluated. RESULTS: Participants in the scapular kinesiotaping group showed improvement in upper extremity functionality and quality of life after taping (p<0.05). In the sham-taping group, there was no statistically significant difference after taping (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Scapular kinesiotaping is effective in improving upper extremity functionality in healthy active subjects.
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Introducción: Los traumatismos constituyen causa frecuente de consulta. Entre sus localizaciones más comunes se encuentran las extremidades inferiores. El Heberprot-P® resulta un factor de crecimiento epidérmico que se ha utilizado durante más de una década para la cicatrización de las úlceras del pie diabético con excelentes resultados. Ampliar su utilización a otras patologías, incluso de etiología traumática, permitiría expandir las posibilidades terapéuticas para la cicatrización de las heridas. Objetivo: Exponer el resultado de la aplicación del Heberprot-P® en una amputación transtarsiana en un paciente portador de un trauma vascular distal. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 23 años con antecedentes de salud. Luego de traumatismo por accidente de tránsito presentó fractura de huesos del metatarso y la sección total de la arteria pedia del pie izquierdo, lo cual provocó una gangrena húmeda de la extremidad. Por este motivo se realizó una amputación transtarsiana del pie. Se usó el Heberprot-P® como terapia para acortar el tiempo de cicatrización. Conclusiones: El Heberprot-P® resultó útil para la evolución de la herida como consecuencia de un trauma vascular, al evitar una amputación mayor, acelerar el proceso de cicatrización y conservar una extremidad funcional, lo que demostró que puede constituir una terapia eficaz para las heridas de difícil cicatrización, independientemente de su etiología(AU)
Introduction: Trauma is a frequent cause of consultation. Among its most common locations are the lower extremities. Heberprot-P® is an epidermal growth factor that has been used for more than a decade for the healing of diabetic foot ulcers with excellent results. Extending its use to other pathologies, including traumatic etiology ones, would expand the therapeutic possibilities for wound healing. Objective: To present the result of the application of Heberprot-P® in a Chopart´s amputation in a patient with distal vascular trauma. Case presentation: A 23-year-old male patient with a health history. After trauma from a traffic accident, he presented a fracture of the bones of the metatarsus and the whole section of the left foot´s pedis artery, which caused a wet gangrene of the extremity. For this reason, a Chopart´s amputation of the foot was performed. Heberprot-P® was used as therapy to shorten healing time. Conclusions: Heberprot-P® was useful for wound evolution as a result of vascular trauma, avoiding major amputation, accelerating the healing process and preserving a functional limb, which showed that it can be an effective therapy for wounds that are difficult to heal, regardless of their etiology(AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Accidentes de Tránsito , Fracturas Óseas , Amputación Quirúrgica/métodosRESUMEN
ABSTRACT We observe delayed referrals to appropriate Microsurgery Unit and definitive treatment of traumatic limb amputations. Cases with wrist proximal amputations have a deadline for surgical replantation as these configure life-threatening injuries. Objective: To analyze patients with traumatic proximal wrist upper limb amputations with prolonged ischemic time who underwent temporary artery catheterization to assess stump viability and results. Methods: A case-series study including all patients with a proximal wrist upper limb amputation and a cold ischemic time equal to or above six hours from 2017 to 2021. Results: In total, two surgeons operated eight patients who had experienced forearm amputation injuries. Median ischemia time totaled eight hours. All patients required additional surgeries, most commonly split-thickness skin graft or fixation revision (three patients). This study obtained five successful macroreimplantations. The mean cold ischemia time was longer in the group with successful macroreimplantations (7.4 hours) than of the unsuccessful group (9 hours). Conclusion: Macroreplantations require immediate referral to microsurgery and, although temporary artery catheterization helps surgical decision making, the technique seems to fail to influence outcomes. Level of Evidence IV, Retrospective Case Series.
RESUMO Observa-se um atraso no referenciamento dos casos para o tratamento definitivo das amputações traumáticas de membros no Brasil. Casos com amputações proximais ao punho apresentam um prazo limite para reimplante, sendo lesões que promovem risco de vida ao paciente. Objetivo: Analisar os macrorreimplantes com tempo de isquemia prolongado submetidos à cateterização temporária da artéria, para determinar a viabilidade do coto de amputação, e seus resultados. Métodos: Série de casos de todos os pacientes com amputações traumáticas proximais ao punho, cujo tempo de isquemia fria foi igual ou superior a seis horas, entre 2017 e 2021. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por oito pacientes com amputações traumáticas de antebraço operados por dois cirurgiões. O tempo médio de isquemia foi de oito horas. Todos os pacientes necessitaram de cirurgias adicionais, sendo as mais comuns o enxerto de pele ou a revisão da fixação óssea. Sucesso do macrorreimplante foi observado em cinco pacientes. O tempo médio de isquemia fria foi maior no grupo com sucesso no macrorreimplante (7,4 horas) quando comparado com o grupo sem sucesso (9 horas). Conclusão: Os macrorreimplantes necessitam de transferência imediata para serviços especializados, e, apesar de a cateterização temporária arterial auxiliar no manejo cirúrgico, a técnica parece não interferir nos resultados. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.
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Resumo Contexto O trauma vascular acomete frequentemente os membros inferiores; entretanto, ainda há dúvidas sobre quais fatores levam a desfechos desfavoráveis. Objetivos Determinar o perfil das vítimas de traumatismo femoropoplíteo, o tratamento utilizado e fatores relacionados a desfechos desfavoráveis. Métodos Estudo retrospectivo, baseado em prontuários de pacientes operados entre 2017 e 2021. Foram analisados: sexo, idade, distância percorrida para atendimento, mecanismo de trauma, presença de choque hipovolêmico, lesões associadas, tratamento, realização de fasciotomia, decisões intraoperatórias inadequadas e índice de severidade de trauma. Necessidade de reintervenção, amputação e óbito foram considerados desfechos desfavoráveis. Foram utilizadas análises univariadas, bivariadas e regressão logística. Resultados Noventa e quatro pacientes foram selecionados, sendo 83% homens, com idade média de 30,8 anos. Lesões arteriais e venosas simultâneas ocorreram em 57,5% dos casos; vasos femorais superficiais foram mais acometidos (61,7%), e mecanismos penetrantes, mais prevalentes (80,9%). Lesões arteriais foram frequentemente tratadas com enxerto venoso (59,6%), e lesões venosas foram submetidas à ligadura (81,4%). Em 15% houve decisões cirúrgicas inadequadas, sendo o uso da safena magna ipsilateral para reconstrução arterial a mais comum. Ocorreram desfechos desfavoráveis em 44,7% dos casos; em 21,3%, foi necessária reintervenção; amputação em 25,5%; e ocorreu óbito em 9,5% dos pacientes. Conclusões As lesões acometeram principalmente homens jovens, vítimas de ferimento por arma de fogo. Vasos femorais superficiais foram os mais lesados, e traumatismos não vasculares concomitantes foram frequentes, principalmente fraturas. Decisões cirúrgicas inadequadas aumentaram em 34 vezes a necessidade de reintervenções. Necessidade de realização de fasciotomia, presença de fratura/luxação, mecanismo contuso de trauma e lesão de artéria poplítea aumentaram o risco de amputação.
Abstract Background Lower limbs are frequently involved in vascular trauma, but it is still not clear which factors lead to unfavorable clinical outcomes. Objectives To determine the clinical profile of patients with femoropopliteal injuries, the trauma mechanisms, and treatment and identify which factors led to unfavorable outcomes. Methods A retrospective study based on the medical records of patients treated from 2017 to 2021. The following data were assessed: sex, age, distance to reach the hospital, trauma mechanism, hypovolemic shock, additional injuries, treatment of vascular injuries, whether fasciotomy was needed, inappropriate intraoperative decisions, and injury severity score. Need for surgical reintervention, amputation, and death were defined as unfavorable outcomes. Univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results The sample comprised 94 patients; 83% were men; mean age was 30.8 years; combined arterial and venous injuries prevailed (57.5%); and superficial femoral vessels were the most affected (61.7%). Penetrating mechanisms prevailed (80.9%). Arterial injuries were most frequently treated with venous graft (59.6%) and venous injuries underwent ligation (81.4%). In 15% of cases, inappropriate surgical decisions were detected; most often use of the ipsilateral great saphenous vein for arterial reconstruction. Unfavorable outcomes occurred in 44.7%: surgical reintervention was necessary in 21.3% and limb amputation in 25.5%, while 9.5% of the patients died. Conclusions These injuries mainly involved young men, victims of gunshot wounds. Superficial femoral vessels were the most injured; concomitant non-vascular trauma was frequent, mainly fractures. Inappropriate surgical decisions increased the need for reinterventions by 34 times. Need for fasciotomy, presence of fracture/dislocation, blunt trauma mechanism, and popliteal artery injury increased the risk of amputation.
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ABSTRACT Post-Chikungunya chronic arthralgia (PCCA) may lead to musculoskeletal repercussions and functional loss. The objective was to assess the upper limb physical disability and symptoms during daily, work, and leisure activities of women presenting PCCA compared to healthy controls (HC). This was a cross-sectional study conducted with 52 women. The participants were divided into PCCA (37) and HC (15) groups. Handgrip strength, range of motion, level of pain (numerical rating scale), and participants' physical disability and symptoms (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire - DASH) were evaluated. Differences between groups were evaluated using the Students t-test and Pearson's correlations. The chi-square test was applied for categorical variables. The significance was set at α=0.05. The disease duration was 19.5±13.1 months. We found no differences between groups for peak force (PCAA:23.6±7.4kgf; HC: 24.5±6.2kgf; p=0.676). The results showed a significant difference between groups regarding range of motion (PCCA: 63.5±17.3o; HC: 77.2±9.6o), level of hand pain (PCCA: 5.8±2.2; HC: 0.4±1.5), and upper limbs functional levels (PCCA: 44.5±17.4; HC: 16.2±20.5). Participants related severe difficulty or inability to perform tasks such as opening a jar (78.4%), placing objects above head height (48.7%), doing heavy household chores (56.8%), and gardening (51.4%). Impairment in the upper limb physical function in daily, work, and leisure activities shows the higher prevalence in the long-term.
RESUMO A artralgia crônica pós-Chikungunya (ACPC) pode gerar repercussões musculoesqueléticas e perda funcional. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a incapacidade física e os sintomas de membros superiores de mulheres com ACPC durante atividades diárias, laborais e de lazer comparadas aos controles saudáveis (CS). Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo transversal conduzido com 52 mulheres. As participantes foram divididas entre os grupos com ACPC (37) e CS (15). Foram avaliados força de preensão, amplitude de movimento (ADM), nível de dor (escala numérica de dor) e incapacidade física e sintomas por meio do Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (Dash). Diferenças entre os grupos foram avaliadas pelo teste t de Student e correlações de Pearson. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado para variáveis categóricas e α=0,05 foi estabelecido como nível de significância. Verificou-se que a duração da ACPC foi de 19,5±13,1 meses. Não houve diferença entre os grupos para a força pico (ACPC: 23,6±7,4kgf; CS: 24,5±6,2kgf; p=0,676). Os resultados demonstraram diferença significativa entre os grupos em termos de ADM (ACPC: 63,5±17,3o; CS: 77,2±9,6o), nível de dor nas mãos (ACPC: 5,8±2,2; CS: 0,4±1,5) e níveis funcionais dos membros superiores (ACPC: 44,5±17,4; CS: 16,2±20,5). As participantes relataram extrema dificuldade ou incapacidade para realizar tarefas como abrir um pote (78,4%), colocar objetos em um local acima da cabeça (48,7%), realizar atividades domésticas pesadas (56,8%) e atividades de jardinagem (51,4%). Conclui-se que a função física dos membros superiores durante as atividades diárias, laborais e de lazer constitui o maior comprometimento apresentado a longo prazo.
RESUMEN La artralgia crónica poschikunguña (ACPC) puede tener como efecto repercusiones musculoesqueléticas y pérdida funcional. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la discapacidad física y los síntomas de miembros superiores de mujeres con ACPC durante las actividades diarias, laborales y de ocio en comparación con controles sanos (CS). Por ello, se realizó un estudio transversal con 52 mujeres. Las participantes se dividieron en los grupos ACPC (37) y CS (15). La fuerza de agarre, el rango de movimiento (ROM), el nivel de dolor (escala numérica de dolor), la discapacidad física y los síntomas se evaluaron mediante el Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (Dash). Las diferencias entre los grupos se evaluaron con la aplicación de la prueba t de Student y las correlaciones de Pearson. Se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado para las variables categóricas y se estableció como nivel de significación α=0,05. Se encontró que la duración de la ACPC fue de 19,5±13,1 meses. No hubo diferencia entre los grupos para la fuerza máxima (ACPC: 23,6±7,4kgf; CS: 24,5±6,2kgf; p=0,676). Los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa entre los grupos respecto al ROM (ACPC: 63,5±17,3o; CS: 77,2±9,6o), el nivel de dolor en la mano (ACPC: 5,8±2,2; CS: 0,4±1,5) y los niveles funcionales de miembros superiores (ACPC: 44,5±17,4; CS: 16,2±20,5). Las participantes informaron una extrema dificultad o incapacidad para realizar tareas como abrir un frasco (78,4%), poner objetos en un lugar más alto (48,7%), realizar actividades domésticas pesadas (56,8%) y actividades de jardinería (51,4%). Se concluyó que la función física de los miembros superiores durante las actividades diarias, laborales y de ocio constituye el mayor compromiso a largo plazo.
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Over 200 million individuals worldwide are estimated to have peripheral artery disease (PAD). Although the term peripheral can refer to any outer branch of the vasculature, the focus of this review is on lower-extremity arteries. The initial sequelae of PAD often include movement-induced cramping pain in the hips and legs or loss of hair and thinning of the skin on the lower limbs. PAD progresses, sometimes rapidly, to cause nonhealing ulcers and critical limb ischemia which adversely affects mobility and muscle tone; acute limb ischemia is a medical emergency. PAD causes great pain and a high risk of amputation and ultimately puts patients at significant risk for major adverse cardiovascular events. The negative impact on patients' quality of life, as well as the medical costs incurred, are huge. Atherosclerotic plaques are one cause of PAD; however, emerging clinical data now shows that nonatherosclerotic medial arterial calcification (MAC) is an equal and distinct contributor. This ATVB In Focus article will present the recent clinical findings on the prevalence and impact of MAC in PAD, discuss the known pathways that contribute specifically to MAC in the lower extremity, and highlight gaps in knowledge and tools that limit our understanding of MAC pathogenesis.
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Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/etiología , Calcificación Vascular/complicaciones , Factores de Edad , Isquemia Crónica que Amenaza las Extremidades/etiología , Factores de Riesgo de Enfermedad Cardiaca , Humanos , Extremidad Inferior/irrigación sanguínea , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Enfermedad Arterial Periférica/patología , Placa Aterosclerótica/complicaciones , Calidad de Vida , Túnica Media/patología , Calcificación Vascular/genética , Calcificación Vascular/patologíaRESUMEN
Peripheral vascular injuries are uncommon in civilian trauma but can threaten the patient's life or the viability of the limb. The definitive control of the vascular injury represents a surgical challenge, especially if the patient is hemodynamically unstable. This article proposes the management of peripheral vascular trauma following damage control surgery principles. It is essential to rapidly identify vascular injury signs and perform temporary bleeding control maneuvers. The surgical approaches according to the anatomical injured region should be selected. We propose two novel approaches to access the axillary and popliteal zones. The priority should be to reestablish limb perfusion via primary repair or damage control techniques (vascular shunt or endovascular approach). Major vascular surgeries should be managed post-operatively in the intensive care unit, which will allow correction of physiological derangement and identification of those developing compartmental syndrome. All permanent or temporary vascular procedures should be followed by a definitive repair within the first 8 hours. An early diagnosis and opportune intervention are fundamental to preserve the function and perfusion of the extremity.
El trauma vascular periférico no es común en el contexto civil, pero representa una amenaza para la vida del paciente o de la extremidad. El control definitivo de la lesión vascular representa un desafío quirúrgico, especialmente en pacientes con inestabilidad hemodinámica. Este artículo describe la propuesta de manejo del trauma vascular periférico de acuerdo con los principios de la cirugía de control de daños. Se debe identificar los signos sugestivos de lesión vascular y realizar oportunamente maniobras temporales para el control del sangrado. Se debe elegir el abordaje quirúrgico dependiendo del área anatómica lesionada. Se proponen dos nuevas incisiones para acceder a la región axilar y poplítea. La prioridad es restablecer la perfusión de la extremidad mediante el reparo primario o técnicas de control de daños (shunt vascular o abordaje endovascular). Los pacientes sometidos a cirugías vasculares mayores deben ser manejados postoperatoriamente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos para corregir las alteraciones fisiológicas e identificar aquellos que desarrollen un síndrome compartimental. Todos los procedimientos vasculares permanentes o temporales deben contar con un reparo definitivo en las primeras 8 horas. El diagnóstico temprano e intervención oportuna son fundamentales para salvaguardar la perfusión y funcionalidad de la extremidad.
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Brazo/irrigación sanguínea , Hemorragia/terapia , Pierna/irrigación sanguínea , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/cirugía , Arteria Axilar/lesiones , Arteria Axilar/cirugía , Arteria Braquial/lesiones , Arteria Braquial/cirugía , Síndromes Compartimentales/diagnóstico , Consenso , Arteria Femoral/lesiones , Arteria Femoral/cirugía , Técnicas Hemostáticas , Humanos , Ilustración Médica , Arteria Poplítea/lesiones , Arteria Poplítea/cirugía , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Evaluación de Síntomas , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Vasculares , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/clasificación , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/diagnóstico , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Abstract Peripheral vascular injuries are uncommon in civilian trauma but can threaten the patient's life or the viability of the limb. The definitive control of the vascular injury represents a surgical challenge, especially if the patient is hemodynamically unstable. This article proposes the management of peripheral vascular trauma following damage control surgery principles. It is essential to rapidly identify vascular injury signs and perform temporary bleeding control maneuvers. The surgical approaches according to the anatomical injured region should be selected. We propose two novel approaches to access the axillary and popliteal zones. The priority should be to reestablish limb perfusion via primary repair or damage control techniques (vascular shunt or endovascular approach). Major vascular surgeries should be managed post-operatively in the intensive care unit, which will allow correction of physiological derangement and identification of those developing compartmental syndrome. All permanent or temporary vascular procedures should be followed by a definitive repair within the first 8 hours. An early diagnosis and opportune intervention are fundamental to preserve the function and perfusion of the extremity.
Resumen El trauma vascular periférico no es común en el contexto civil, pero representa una amenaza para la vida del paciente o de la extremidad. El control definitivo de la lesión vascular representa un desafío quirúrgico, especialmente en pacientes con inestabilidad hemodinámica. Este artículo describe la propuesta de manejo del trauma vascular periférico de acuerdo con los principios de la cirugía de control de daños. Se debe identificar los signos sugestivos de lesión vascular y realizar oportunamente maniobras temporales para el control del sangrado. Se debe elegir el abordaje quirúrgico dependiendo del área anatómica lesionada. Se proponen dos nuevas incisiones para acceder a la región axilar y poplítea. La prioridad es restablecer la perfusión de la extremidad mediante el reparo primario o técnicas de control de daños (shunt vascular o abordaje endovascular). Los pacientes sometidos a cirugías vasculares mayores deben ser manejados postoperatoriamente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos para corregir las alteraciones fisiológicas e identificar aquellos que desarrollen un síndrome compartimental. Todos los procedimientos vasculares permanentes o temporales deben contar con un reparo definitivo en las primeras 8 horas. El diagnóstico temprano e intervención oportuna son fundamentales para salvaguardar la perfusión y funcionalidad de la extremidad.
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El crecimiento guiado es una opción quirúrgica de uso creciente para la corrección de las deformidades angulares de extremidades inferiores en pacientes esqueléticamente inmaduros. Es posible de realizar en múltiples planos o segmentos, con excelentes resultados. Su uso más frecuente es en deformidades del plano coronal alrededor de la rodilla. La epifisiodesis permanente se puede realizar en pacientes dentro de los dos años previos al término del crecimiento longitudinal del segmento a tratar, considerando la epifisiodesis temporal para los pacientes con más de 2 años de crecimiento restante.En casos leves a moderados las tasas de éxito llegan incluso al 100% en algunas series, en tanto, pacientes con enfermedad de Blount, obesidad, edad esquelética avanzada o deformidades severas, tienen menos posibilidades de lograr una corrección completa.Independientemente de la técnica quirúrgica, es necesario una adecuada planificación preoperatoria, educación familiar y un seguimiento estricto para así minimizar las complicaciones y permitir una excelente corrección de la deformidad con una morbilidad mínima.
Guided Growth is a surgical option of increasing use for the correction of angular deformities of the lower extremities in skeletally immature patients. It is possible to perform in multiple planes or segments, with excellent results. Its most frequent use is in deformities of the coronal plane around the knee. Permanent epiphysiodesis can be performed in patients within 2 years before the end of longitudinal growth of the segment to be treated, considering temporary epiphysiodesis for patients with more than 2 years of remaining growth.In mild to moderate cases, the success rates reach even 100% in some series, while patients with Blount's disease, obesity, advanced skeletal age or severe deformities are less likely to achieve a complete correction.Regardless of the surgical technique, adequate preoperative planning, family education and strict follow-up are necessary to minimize complications and allow excellent correction of the deformity with minimal morbidity
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Deformidades Congénitas de las Extremidades Inferiores/cirugía , Epífisis/cirugía , Epífisis/fisiología , Genu Valgum/cirugía , Genu Varum/cirugía , Placa de CrecimientoRESUMEN
Abstract Peripheral vascular injuries are uncommon in civilian trauma but can threaten the patient's life or the viability of the limb. The definitive control of the vascular injury represents a surgical challenge, especially if the patient is hemodynamically unstable. This article proposes the management of peripheral vascular trauma following damage control surgery principles. It is essential to rapidly identify vascular injury signs and perform temporary bleeding control maneuvers. The surgical approaches according to the anatomical injured region should be selected. We propose two novel approaches to access the axillary and popliteal zones. The priority should be to reestablish limb perfusion via primary repair or damage control techniques (vascular shunt or endovascular approach). Major vascular surgeries should be managed post-operatively in the intensive care unit, which will allow correction of physiological derangement and identification of those developing compartmental syndrome. All permanent or temporary vascular procedures should be followed by a definitive repair within the first 8 hours. An early diagnosis and opportune intervention are fundamental to preserve the function and perfusion of the extremity.
Resumen El trauma vascular periférico no es común en el contexto civil, pero representa una amenaza para la vida del paciente o de la extremidad. El control definitivo de la lesión vascular representa un desafío quirúrgico, especialmente en pacientes con inestabilidad hemodinámica. Este artículo describe la propuesta de manejo del trauma vascular periférico de acuerdo con los principios de la cirugía de control de daños. Se debe identificar los signos sugestivos de lesión vascular y realizar oportunamente maniobras temporales para el control del sangrado. Se debe elegir el abordaje quirúrgico dependiendo del área anatómica lesionada. Se proponen dos nuevas incisiones para acceder a la región axilar y poplítea. La prioridad es restablecer la perfusión de la extremidad mediante el reparo primario o técnicas de control de daños (shunt vascular o abordaje endovascular). Los pacientes sometidos a cirugías vasculares mayores deben ser manejados postoperatoriamente en la unidad de cuidados intensivos para corregir las alteraciones fisiológicas e identificar aquellos que desarrollen un síndrome compartimental. Todos los procedimientos vasculares permanentes o temporales deben contar con un reparo definitivo en las primeras 8 horas. El diagnóstico temprano e intervención oportuna son fundamentales para salvaguardar la perfusión y funcionalidad de la extremidad.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are a heterogeneous group of rare tumours that represent less than 1% of all malignant, solid tumours in adults. There is limited epidemiological information regarding STS in Latin America. Therefore, the objective of this study is to present an epidemiological profile of these tumours observed at a single reference centre. METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out based on hospital records obtained from a registry of 879 patients with STS of the extremities who were treated at the National Cancer Institute of Mexico from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2017. Epidemiological variables and relevant clinical data were collected. Five-year survival rates were analysed using Kaplan-Meier estimates, and a multivariate Cox proportional-hazards model measured associations. RESULTS: A total of 879 records were collected. The median age was 45 years (15-95 years), and the ratio of men to women was 1:1, with 433 men (49.3%), and 446 women (50.7%). The median tumour size was 11.4 cm (2-49 cm). The most prevalent histological variants were liposarcomas and synovial sarcomas. The lower limb was the most frequently affected extremity, with the thigh being the most common site followed by the leg. A majority of the patients were diagnosed at clinical stages IIIA-IV. CONCLUSIONS: The data collected from the present cohort provides an overview of the epidemiological profile of STS at a single reference centre in Latin America, and allow comparison with global data.
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Research in basic and clinical neuroscience of music conducted over the past decades has begun to uncover music's high potential as a tool for rehabilitation. Advances in our understanding of how music engages parallel brain networks underpinning sensory and motor processes, arousal, reward, and affective regulation, have laid a sound neuroscientific foundation for the development of theory-driven music interventions that have been systematically tested in clinical settings. Of particular significance in the context of motor rehabilitation is the notion that musical rhythms can entrain movement patterns in patients with movement-related disorders, serving as a continuous time reference that can help regulate movement timing and pace. To date, a significant number of clinical and experimental studies have tested the application of rhythm- and music-based interventions to improve motor functions following central nervous injury and/or degeneration. The goal of this review is to appraise the current state of knowledge on the effectiveness of music and rhythm to modulate movement spatiotemporal patterns and restore motor function. By organizing and providing a critical appraisal of a large body of research, we hope to provide a revised framework for future research on the effectiveness of rhythm- and music-based interventions to restore and (re)train motor function.
RESUMEN
Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El angioedema hereditario es una enfermedad rara, caracterizada por episodios recurrentes de edema en cualquier parte del cuerpo, sobre todo en las extremidades, la cara y las vías respiratorias. Existen tres tipos de enfermedad en función de su causa, el menos frecuente es el III con un nivel y función del inhibidor de C1 normales. Su fisiopatología es poco conocida; por lo tanto, su diagnóstico es difícil. Su tratamiento ha avanzado en los últimos años, aunque queda mucho por definir, sobre todo durante el embarazo. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la bibliografía disponible relacionada con el angioedema hereditario y su atención médica en mujeres embarazadas. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 30 años, en curso de su primer embarazo. El único antecedente personal destacable fue haber padecido angioedema hereditario tipo III, diagnosticado 10 años antes después de varios episodios de angioedema orofacial. A lo largo del embarazo sobrevinieron varias crisis de la enfermedad que requirieron tratamiento de los episodios agudos y de mantenimiento en el tercer trimestre. Por último, ocurrió un parto instrumentado mediante vaccum, por riesgo de pérdida de bienestar fetal con buen desenlace materno y fetal en el posparto inmediato. CONCLUSIONES: El angioedema hereditario tipo III es una enfermedad muy rara y poco conocida en la Ginecoobstetricia que requiere establecer un protocolo y estandarización de la atención clínica, sobre todo en las embarazadas, lo que ayudará a proporcionar una información y asistencia de calidad a estas pacientes.
Abstract BACKGROUND: Hereditary angioedema is a rare disease characterized by recurrent episodes of edema anywhere in the body, especially in the extremities, face and airways. There are three types of the disease depending on its cause, the most infrequent being III with normal C1 inhibitor level and function. Its pathophysiology is poorly understood; therefore, its diagnosis is difficult. Its treatment has advanced in recent years, although much remains to be defined, especially during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the available literature related to hereditary angioedema and its medical care in pregnant women. CLINICAL CASE: 30-year-old female patient, during her first pregnancy. The only personal history of note was hereditary angioedema type III, diagnosed 10 years earlier after several episodes of orofacial angioedema. Throughout the pregnancy, several crises of the disease occurred, requiring treatment in acute episodes and maintenance treatment in the third trimester. Finally, one delivery was instrumented by vaccum, due to risk of loss of fetal well-being with good maternal and fetal outcome in the immediate postpartum period. CONCLUSIONS: Hereditary angioedema type III is a very rare and little-known disease that requires establishing a protocol and standardization of clinical care, especially in pregnant women, which will help to provide quality information and assistance to these patients.
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Abstract Aim: The purpose of the study was to assess upper limbs' maximum power and locomotion speed among amputee football (amputee soccer) players. Methods: The 30-s Wingate Anaerobic test and the 20-m sprint test were performed. Anthropometric measurements and body composition (Body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (% BF), and lean body mass (LBM)) were examined. Results: BMI significantly differentiated forwards and defenders (p < 0.05). Peak power (PP) and mean power (MP) were related to LBM (p < 0.05), thus defenders reached higher values of PP, in comparison to forwards. % BF and BMI were related to relative mean power (rMP) (p < 0.05). Field position differentiated players in terms of upper limbs' relative peak power (rPP) in favour of forwards (p < 0.05). Age was a significant factor for speed velocity on 10 m and 20 m (p < 0.05). There was no relationship between upper limbs' power and locomotion speed. Conclusion: Body composition, especially % BF may influence on the anaerobic performance of amputee football players.
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Humanos , Fútbol , Extremidad Superior , Fuerza Muscular/fisiología , Amputados , Composición Corporal , Antropometría/instrumentaciónRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Introduction: extremity tourniquet (TQ) use has increased in the civilian setting; the beneficial results observed in the military has influenced acceptance by EMS and bystanders. This review aimed to analyze extremity TQ types used in the civilian setting, injury site, indications, and complications. Methods: a systematic review was conducted based on original articles published in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane following PRISMA guidelines from 2010 to 2019. Data extraction focused on extremity TQ use for hemorrhage control in the civilian setting, demographic data, study type and duration, mechanism of injury, indications for use, injury site, TQ type, TQ time, and complications. Results: of the 1384 articles identified, 14 were selected for review with a total of 3912 civilian victims with extremity hemorrhage and 3522 extremity TQ placements analyzed. The majority of TQs were applied to male (79%) patients, with blunt or penetrating trauma. Among the indications for TQ use were hemorrhagic shock, suspicion of vascular injuries, continued bleeding, and partial or complete traumatic amputations. Upper extremity application was the most common TQ application site (56%), nearly all applied to a single extremity (99%), and only 0,6% required both upper and lower extremity applications. 80% of the applied TQs were commercial devices, and 20% improvised. Conclusions: TQ use in the civilian setting is associated with trauma-related injuries. Most are single-site TQs applied for the most part to male adults with upper extremity injury. Commercial TQs are more commonly employed, time in an urban setting is under 1 hour, with few complications described.
RESUMO Introdução: o uso de torniquete em extremidades (TQ) aumentou no ambiente civil; os resultados benéficos observados nas forças armadas influenciaram a aceitação por equipes de pré-hospitalar (PH) assim como pela população leiga. Esta revisão teve como objetivo analisar os tipos de TQ de extremidades usados em ambiente civil, local da lesão, indicações e complicações. Métodos: revisão sistemática foi conduzida com base em artigos originais publicados no PubMed, Embase e Cochrane seguindo as diretrizes do PRISMA de 2010 a 2019. Extração de dados focada no uso de TQ de extremidade para controle de hemorragia em ambiente civil, dados demográficos, tipo de estudo e duração, mecanismo de lesão, indicações de uso, local da lesão, tipo de TQ, tempo de TQ e complicações. Resultados: dos 1.384 artigos identificados, 14 foram selecionados para revisão com total de 3.912 vítimas civis com hemorragia nas extremidades e 3.522 colocações de extremidades TQ analisadas. A maioria foi aplicado em pacientes do sexo masculino (79%), com trauma contuso ou penetrante. Entre as indicações estavam choque hemorrágico, suspeita de lesões vasculares, sangramento contínuo e amputações traumáticas parciais ou completas. A aplicação na extremidade superior foi o local de aplicação mais comum (56%), quase todos aplicados a uma única extremidade (99%), e apenas 0,6% requereram aplicações nas extremidades superior e inferior. 80% dos TQs aplicados eram dispositivos comerciais e 20% improvisados. Conclusões: o uso de TQ em ambientes civis está associado a traumas. Os TQs comerciais são mais utilizados, com tempo menor que uma hora de uso e poucas complicações.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Torniquetes/estadística & datos numéricos , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/terapia , Exsanguinación/prevención & control , Hemorragia/prevención & control , Servicios Médicos de Urgencia , Tratamiento de Urgencia , Extremidades/lesiones , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/complicaciones , Lesiones del Sistema Vascular/mortalidad , Exsanguinación/etiología , Exsanguinación/mortalidad , Hemorragia/etiología , Hemorragia/mortalidadRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience of nine patients with extra-anatomical bypass for clinically ischemic distal limb during repair of acute Type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). METHODS: We retrospectively examined a series of nine patients who underwent surgery for ATAAD. We identified a subset of the patients who presented with concomitant radiographic and clinical signs of lower limb ischemia. All but one patient (axillobifemoral bypass) underwent femorofemoral crossover grafting by the cardiac surgeon during cooling. RESULTS: One hundred eighty-one cases of ATAAD underwent surgery during the study period with a mortality of 19.3%. Nine patients had persistent clinical evidence of lower limb ischemia (4.9%) and underwent extra-anatomical bypass during cooling. Two patients underwent additional fasciotomies. Mean delay from symptoms to surgery in these nine patients was 9.5 hours. Two patients had bilateral amputations despite revascularisation and, of note, had long delays in presentation for surgery (> 12 hours). There were no mortalities during these inpatient episodes. Outpatient radiographic follow-up at the first opportunity demonstrated 100% patency. CONCLUSION: Our experience suggests that, during complicated aortic dissection, limb ischemia may have a devastating outcome including amputation when diagnosis and referral are delayed. Early diagnosis and surgery are crucial in preventing this potentially devastating complication.
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Disección Aórtica , Enfermedades Vasculares Periféricas , Disección Aórtica/diagnóstico por imagen , Disección Aórtica/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Isquemia/diagnóstico por imagen , Isquemia/etiología , Isquemia/cirugía , Estudios Retrospectivos , Volumen Sistólico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Grado de Desobstrucción Vascular , Función Ventricular IzquierdaRESUMEN
Objetivo: Caracterizar la atención de accidentes de tránsito en la ciudad de Medellín para obtener una imagen general de la situación de salud en este contexto. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo observacional, con intención analítica, de fuentes secundarias de información, en pacientes con edad mayor o igual a 16 años, atendidos por el personal 123, módulo salud, víctimas de accidentes de tránsito en Medellín. Resultados: Un total de 3 829 individuos sufrieron accidente de tránsito entre octubre y diciembre del 2018 según los criterios del estudio. De estos, el 63.1% de sexo masculino, con edad media de 34 años. La zona con mayor demanda de atención prehospitalaria fue la comuna 10 de la ciudad (La Candelaria) y la mayoría de los afectados por los accidentes lo fueron en calidad de conductor, 64%, y en un 75% de los casos, el vehículo involucrado fue una motocicleta. Solo el 26.5% de los pacientes fueron dados de alta en la escena. Las extremidades fueron las zonas corporales de mayor compromiso, en un 78.2% de los episodios, seguidas por el cráneo y la cara, con un 26.8%. Conclusiones: Es evidente la necesidad de la ciudad de implementar y evaluar el impacto de estrategias dinámicas que permitan un manejo eficiente de los recursos, que priorice las zonas y grupos demográficos de mayor riesgo y la articulación de la disposición de pacientes dentro de la cadena de atención, según los tipos más frecuentes de lesiones.
Objective: To characterize the traffic accident attention in the city of Medellín in order to obtain a general image of the health situation in this context. Methodology: Observational descriptive study, with analytic intent, of secondary information sources in patients with age higher or equal to 16 years of age, served by the 123 personnel, health module, who were victims of traffic accidents in Medellín. Results: A total of 3 829 individuals suffered traffic accidents between October and December of 2018 according to the study criteria. Of these, 63.1% were males, with an average age of 34 years old. The zone with the highest demand of pre-hospital attention was the Comuna 10 of the city (known as La Candelaria) and most of the affected by the accidents were as drivers, 64%, and 75% of the cases, the vehicle involved was a motorcycle. Only 26.5% of the patients were discharged on the scene. The extremities were the body zones with the highest compromise in 78.2% of the episodes, followed by the cranium and the face, with 26.8%. Conclusions: It is evident that the city needs to implement and evaluate the impact of dynamic strategies that enable an efficient management of the resources that prioritizes the zones and demographic groups with the highest risk and the articulation of the disposition of patients within the attention chain, according to the most frequent types of injuries.
Objetivo: Caracterizar a atenção de acidentes de trânsito na cidade de Medellín para obter uma imagem geral da situação de saúde neste contexto. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo observacional, com intenção analítica, de fontes secundárias de informação, em pacientes com idade maior ou igual a 16 anos, atendidos pelo pessoal 123, módulo saúde, vítimas de acidentes de trânsito em Medellín. Resultados: Um total de 3 829 indivíduos sofreram acidente de trânsito entre outubro e dezembro de 2018 segundo os critérios do estudo. Destes, 63.1% de sexo masculino, com idade média de 34 anos. A região com maior demanda de atenção pré-hospitalar foi a comuna 10 da cidade (La Candelaria) e a maioria dos afetados pelos acidentes foram em qualidade de condutor, 64%, e num 75% dos casos, o veículo envolvido foi uma motocicleta. Só 26.5% dos pacientes foram dados de alta na cena. As extremidades foram as zonas corporais de maior compromisso, em 78.2% dos episódios, seguidas pelo crâneo e a cara, com um 26.8%. Conclusões: É evidente a necessidade da cidade de implementar e avaliar o impacto de estratégias dinâmicas que permitam um manejo eficiente dos recursos, que priorize as zonas e grupos demográficos de maior risco e a articulação da disposição de pacientes dentro da cadeia de atenção, segundo os tipos mais frequentes de lesões.