RESUMEN

Subnanometer metal clusters show advantages over conventional metal nanoparticles in numerous catalytic reactions owing to their high percentage of exposed surface sites, abundance of under-coordinated metal sites and unique electronic structures. However, the applications of subnanometer metal clusters in high-temperature catalytic reactions (>600 °C) are still hindered, because of their low stability under harsh reaction conditions. In this work, we have developed a zeolite-confined bimetallic PtIn catalyst with exceptionally high stability against sintering. A combination of experimental and theoretical studies shows that the isolated framework In(III) species serve as the anchoring sites for Pt species, precluding the migration and sintering of Pt species in the oxidative atmosphere at ≥650 °C. The catalyst comprising subnanometer PtIn clusters exhibits long-term stability of >1000 h during a cyclic reaction-regeneration test for ethane dehydrogenation reaction.

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Electrochemical CO2 conversion into formate by intermittent renewable electricity, presents a captivating prospect for both the storage of renewable electrical energy and the utilization of emitted CO2. Typically, Cu-based catalysts in CO2 reduction reactions favor the production of CO and other by-products. However, we have shifted this selectivity by incorporating B, N co-doped carbon (BNC) in the fabrication of Cu clusters. These Cu clusters are regulated with B, N atoms in a porous carbon matrix (Cu/BN-C), and Zn2+ ions were added to achieve Cu clusters with the diameter size of ∼1.0 nm. The obtained Cu/BN-C possesses a significantly improved catalytic performance in CO2 reduction to formate with a Faradaic efficiency (FE) of up to 70 % and partial current density (jformate) surpassing 20.8 mA cm-2 at -1.0 V vs RHE. The high FE and jformate are maintained over a 12-hour. The overall catalytic performance of Cu/BN-C outperforms those of the other investigated catalysts. Based on the density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the exceptional catalytic behavior is attributed to the synergistic effect between Cu clusters and N, B atoms by modulating the electronic structure and enhancing the charge transfer properties, which promoted a preferential adsorption of HCOO* over COOH*, favoring formate formation.

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This study explores the organization, conservation, and diversity of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) among Bacillus sp. strain BH32, a plant-beneficial bacterial endophyte, and its closest non-type Bacillus cereus group strains. BGC profiles were predicted for each of the 17 selected strains using antiSMASH, resulting in the detection of a total of 198 BGCs. We quantitatively compared the BGCs and analyzed their conservation, distribution, and evolutionary relationships. The study identified both conserved and singleton BGCs across the studied Bacillus strains, with minimal variation, and discovered two major BGC synteny blocks composed of homologous BGCs conserved within the B. cereus group. The identified BGC synteny blocks provide insight into the evolutionary relationships and diversity of BGCs within this complex group.

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Utilizing spontaneous polarization field to harness charge transfer kinetics is a promising strategy to boost photocatalytic performance. Herein, a novel Cu atom clusters/PtCu alloy nanocubes coloaded on nitrogen-rich triazole-based C3N5 (PtCu-C3N5) with dipole field was constructed through facile photo-deposition and impregnation method. The dipole field-drive spontaneous polarization in C3N5 acts as a charge-transfer bridge to promote directional electron migration from C3N5 to Cu atom clusters/PtCu alloy. Through the synergistic effects between Cu atom clusters, PtCu alloy and dipole field in C3N5, the optimized Pt2Cu3-C3N5 achieved a record-high performance with H2 formation rate of 4090.4 µmol g-1 h-1 under visible light, about 154.4-fold increase compared with pristine C3N5 (26.5 µmol g-1 h-1). Moreover, the apparent quantum efficiency was up to 25.33 % at 320 nm, which is greatly superior than most previous related-works. The directional charge transfer mechanism was analyzed in detail through various characterizations and DFT calculations. This work offers a novel pathway to construct high-efficiency multi-metal photocatalysts for solar energy conversion.

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The socioeconomic factors influencing small-scale dairy producers in the border area between Ecuador and Colombia were meticulously identified. Employing a non-experimental design, the study leveraged multivariate statistical analysis to discern key determinants. Data processing was executed using the statistical software SPSS v27, facilitating comprehensive analysis. A random survey was administered to 532 small and medium-scale dairy producers in the Carchi province of Ecuador, employing a structured questionnaire supplemented with a Likert scale for nuanced insights. Based on 35 original variables, seven determining factors were identified in dairy farms: political representation, adequate housing, equipment, innovation, empathy, profitability, social welfare, which combined explain 60.95% of the system's variability. Such factors affect production, the level of household income, as well as their effect on the standard of living of households. Three groups were formed, the first with a low perception of economic development (Traditionalists 33.3%); the second with a better expectation of economic development (Modernizers 27.6%); and the third, identified with greater economic development (Innovators 10.3%). Each group presents cases with a low to high standard of living perspective. The groups have peculiarities in terms of their performance that can be applied to the entire population. A significant relation was established between socioeconomic factors and standard of living.

Asunto(s)

Industria Lechera , Factores Socioeconómicos , Ecuador , Colombia , Industria Lechera/economía , Industria Lechera/estadística & datos numéricos , Animales , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Bovinos , Femenino , Granjas/estadística & datos numéricos

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Data on personality disorders in young French adults were collected using the validated French version of the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO-fr). Respondents also completed the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4th Edition (PDQ-4+). The sample comprised 607 students aged 18-26 years enrolled on a variety of courses at Angers University (France). Of these, 170 had a personality disorder according to the PDQ-4+, and their data were used to define IPO cut-off scores for Cluster A, B or C personality disorders. The data are stored in a comma-separated value format that can be easily downloaded from a Mendeley data repository (https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/tv6w6yyfy8/4). The data concerned by this article can be identified at this address under the name "Study 3".

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The size dependence of metal cluster reactions frequently reveals valuable information on the mechanism of nanometal catalysis. Here, the reactivity of the Ptn + (n = 1-40) clusters with N2O is studied and a significant dependence on the size of these clusters is noticed. Interestingly, the small Ptn + clusters like Pt3 + and Pt4 + are inclined to form N2O complexes; some larger clusters, such as Pt19 +, Pt21 +, and Pt23 +, appear to be unreactive; however, the others such as Pt3 , 9,15 + and Pt18 + are capable of decomposing N2O. While Pt9 + rapidly reacts with N2O to form a stable quasitetrahedron Pt9O+ product, Pt18 + experiences a series of N2O decompositions to produce Pt18O1-7 +. Utilizing high-precision theoretical calculations, it is shown how the atomic structures and active sites of Ptn + clusters play a vital role in determining their reactivity. Cooperative dual Lewis-acid sites (CDLAS) can be achieved on specific metal clusters like Pt18 +, rendering accelerated N2O decomposition via both N- and O-bonding on the neighboring Pt atoms. The influence of CDLAS on the size-dependent reaction of Pt clusters with N2O is illustrated, offering insights into cluster catalysis in reactions that include the donation of electron pairs.

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The rapid expansion of multi-omics data has transformed biological research, offering unprecedented opportunities to explore complex genomic relationships across diverse organisms. However, the vast volume and heterogeneity of these datasets presents significant challenges for analyses. Here we introduce SocialGene, a comprehensive software suite designed to collect, analyze, and organize multi-omics data into structured knowledge graphs, with the ability to handle small projects to repository-scale analyses. Originally developed to enhance genome mining for natural product drug discovery, SocialGene has been effective across various applications, including functional genomics, evolutionary studies, and systems biology. SocialGene's concerted Python and Nextflow libraries streamline data ingestion, manipulation, aggregation, and analysis, culminating in a custom Neo4j database. The software not only facilitates the exploration of genomic synteny but also provides a foundational knowledge graph supporting the integration of additional diverse datasets and the development of advanced search engines and analyses. This manuscript introduces some of SocialGene's capabilities through brief case studies including targeted genome mining for drug discovery, accelerated searches for similar and distantly related biosynthetic gene clusters in biobank-available organisms, integration of chemical and analytical data, and more. SocialGene is free, open-source, MIT-licensed, designed for adaptability and extension, and available from github.com/socialgene.

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Various Cu-based materials in diverse forms have been investigated as efficient catalysts for electrochemical reduction of CO2; however, they suffer from issues such as higher over potential and poor selectivity. The activity and selectivity of CO2 electro reduction have been shown to change significantly when the surface morphology (steps, kinks, and edges) of these catalysts is altered. In light of this, size and morphology dependent activity of selected copper clusters, Cun (n=2-20) have been evaluated for the activation and reduction of CO2 molecule. The phase-space of these copper clusters is rich in conformations of distinct morphologies starting from planar, 2D geometries to prolate-shaped geometries and also high-symmetry structures. The binding efficiency and the activation of CO2 are highest for medium sized clusters (n=9-17) with prolate-morphologies as compared to small or larger sized CunCO2 clusters that are existing mainly as planar (triangular, tetragonal etc.) or highly-symmetric geometries (icosahedron, capped-icosahedron etc.), respectively. The best performing (prolate-shaped) CunCO2 conformations are quite fluxional and also they are thermally stable, as demonstrated by the molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, on these CunCO2 conformations, the step-by-step hydrogenation pathways of CO2 to produce value-added products like methanol, formic acid, and methane are exceptionally favorable and energy-efficient.

RESUMEN

Tetrahedral copper(I) clusters [Cu4(MBIZ)4(PPh3)2] (2), [Cu4(MBOZ)4(PPh3)4] (6) (MBIZ = 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, MBOZ = 2-mercaptobenzoxazole) were prepared by regulation of the copper-thiolate clusters [Cu6(MBIZ)6] (1) and [Cu8(MBOZ)8I]- (5) with PPh3. With the presence of iodide anion, the regulation provided the iodide-containing clusters [CuI4(MBIZ)3(PPh3)3I] (3) and [CuI4(MBOZ)3(PPh3)3I] (7). The cyclic voltammogram of 3 in MeCN (0.1 M nBu4NPF6, 298 K) at a scan rate of 100 mV s-1 shows two oxidation processes at Epa = +0.11 and +0.45 V with return waves observed at Epc = +0.25 V (vs. Fc+/Fc). Complex 3 has a higher capability to lose and gain electrons in the redox processes than complexes 2, 4, 4', 6, and 7. Its thermal stability was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. The catalytic performance of 3 was demonstrated by the catalytic transformation of iodobenzenes to benzonitriles using AIBN as the cyanide source. The nitrile products show potential applications in the preparation of 1,3,5-triazine compounds for organic fluorescence materials.

RESUMEN

The combustion of fuel with high sulfur concentrations produces a large number of sulfur oxides (SOx), which have a range of negative effects on human health and life. The preparation of catalysts with excellent performance in the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process is highly effective for reducing SOx production. In this paper, cross-linked polyvinylimidazole (VE) was successfully created using a simple ontology aggregation method, after which a catalyst of polyvinylimidazolyl heteropolyacid clusters (VE-HPA) was prepared by adding heteropolyacid clusters. Polyvinylimidazolyl-phosphotungstic acid (VE-HPW) showed an outstanding desulfurization performance, and the desulfurization efficiency reached 99.68% in 60 min at 50 °C with H2O2 as an oxidant. Additionally, the catalyst exhibited recyclability nine consecutive times and remained stable, with a removal rate of 98.60%. The reaction mechanism was eventually proposed with the assistance of the free radical capture experiment and GC-MS analysis.

RESUMEN

Metal-oxo clusters show great promise in lithium ion battery applications as anode materials by virtue of their native nature of well-defined nanostructures and multielectron redox activities. However, their intrinsic unsatisfactory electrical conductivity and tendency to aggregation make them difficult to fully utilize. Herein, a well-dispersed Mn12O12(CH3COO)16(H2O)4 (denoted as Mn12) cluster is constructed by rationally adopting carbon dots (CDs) with nanosize and high conductivity as stabilizers. Thanks to the fully exposed redox sites of Mn12 clusters and additional interfacial energy storage mechanism, the optimized Mn12/CDs-1:20 anode delivers a high specific capacity of 1643 mAh g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 (0.25 C) and exhibits outstanding rate and cycling capabilities. This paper provides a green and efficient paradigm to synthesize well-dispersed manganese-oxo clusters for the first time and builds a new platform for cluster-based energy storage.

RESUMEN

The industrial sector is a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to process emissions and a heavy reliance on fossil fuels for heat and power. Methods exist to produce low carbon versions of products made in industrial clusters, including hydrogen, carbon capture and storage and alternative production methods, but these could increase burdens to other areas of the environment, such as resource depletion and water scarcity. This study compares different decarbonisation pathways for ammonia, cement, methanol and steel produced in the UK, to determine whether decarbonising could result in unintended environmental consequences. To determine this, life cycle assessment was applied to compare 267 different pathways to the conventional (fossil fuel) baseline. We find that most pathways lead to GHG emission reductions (43 to 78 % on average) but would increase impacts to other areas of the environment, including metal resources and ecotoxicity (8 % to 5-fold and 19 % to 24-fold, on average respectively). This study is the first to assess decarbonisation pathways for unintended environmental impacts and is of interest to industry, policy makers and anyone modelling industrial lifecycle emissions.

RESUMEN

Background: There are multiple psychological symptoms in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology, which seriously affect health-related quality of life and even cause patients to stop treatment. Aim: This study aimed to identify psychological symptom clusters and their influencing factors in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from June to November 2023 at the reproductive centers of Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics and Symptom Checklist-90 were collected. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify psychological symptom clusters. Univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to explore influencing factors. Results: A total of 213 patients were recruited. The study found that the included participants scored higher on all SCL scales than the general Chinese females. The three most common were trouble remembering things (81.7%), feeling easily annoyed or irritated (81.2%), and feeling low in energy or slowed down (70.9%). Six symptom clusters were identified: paranoid ideation, depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, interpersonal sensitivity, somatization, and sleep disorders. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that duration of infertility treatment (>12 months) was identified as a risk factor for sleep disorder cluster (OR=2.833, 95% CI:1.355~5.922), adverse pregnancy history was identified as a risk factor for paranoid ideation cluster (OR=2.961,95% CI:1.406~6.253), depression cluster (OR=2.404,95% CI:1.240~4.660), and obsessive-compulsive cluster (OR=1.810, 95% CI:1.016~3.233), financial burden during treatment was identified as risk factors for all symptom clusters[(OR=5.869, 95% CI:1.717~20.057),(OR=6.490,95% CI:2.210~19.063),(OR=3.034,95% CI:1.560~5.898),(OR=7.078,95% CI:2.420~20.698),(OR=4.532,95% CI:1.845~10.397),(OR=2.151,95% CI:1.129~4.098)]. Conclusion: Women undergoing ART experience various psychological symptoms that are interrelated and exist in the form of symptom clusters. More attention should be paid to the psychological status of patients with longer duration of infertility treatment, adverse pregnancy history, and financial burden during treatment. This study guides the development of targeted and effective psychological interventions to facilitate symptom management in women undergoing ART.

RESUMEN

The mitochondrial genome of Dematophora necatrix is 121,350 base pairs in length with a G + C content of 30.19%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that D. necatrix grouped with other members of the Xylariaceae, with which its mitogenome also shares a broadly similar architecture and gene content. The D. necatrix mitogenome contains 14 protein-coding and 26 tRNA-encoding genes, as well as one copy each of the rnl, rns, rps3 and nat1 genes. However, as much as 80% of this genome is intronic or non-coding. This is likely due to expansions and rearrangements caused by the large number of group I introns and the homing endonucleases and reverse-transcriptases they encode. Our study thus provides a valuable foundation from which to explore the mitochondrion's role in the biology of D. necatrix, and also serves as a resource for investigating the pathogen's population biology and general ecology.

RESUMEN

An impact of an electronic structure or force field method, gas-phase thermodynamic correction, and continuum solvation model on organic carbonate clusters (S)n conformational and binding energies is explored. None of the tested force field (GFN-FF, GAFF, MMFF94) and standard semiempirical methods (PM3, AM1, RM1, PM6, PM6-D3, PM6-D3H4, PM7) can reproduce reference RI-SCS-MP2 conformational energies. Tight-binding GFNn-xTB methods provide more realistic conformational energies which are accurate enough to discard the least stable conformers. The effect of thermodynamic correction is moderate and can be ignored if the gas phase conformational stability ranking is a goal. The influence of continuum solvation is stronger, especially if reinforced with the Gibbs free energy thermodynamic correction, and results in the reduced spread of conformational energies. The cluster formation binding energies strongly depend on a particular approach to vibrational thermochemistry with the difference between traditional harmonic and modified scaled rigid - harmonic oscillator approximations reaching 10 kcal mol-1.

RESUMEN

Despite wide availability of prevention and treatment services, including the ongoing roll-out of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), the HIV epidemic is not under control in Belgium. Hence, there is a recognized need to improve case finding and early diagnosis to curb the further spread of HIV more effectively. The objective of the present study was to improve insight into the profiles of persons recently infected with HIV-1 and on their prevention trajectory. Between May 2018 and December 2022, we selected persons diagnosed in Belgium within three months of the presumed infection date. We then analyzed information collected using a questionnaire covering topics on HIV testing, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), PrEP use, sexual behavior, partner notification and substance use. The data obtained were analyzed alongside information derived from phylogenetic cluster analysis of the viral source of infection. A total of 93 persons with a recent HIV-1 infection completed the questionnaire, the majority (74%) being MSM, 14% were heterosexual women and 12% were heterosexual men. Nearly one-third of participants engaged in sexual activity with an average of 2 to 5 casual partners around the presumed time of infection. A significant percentage reported frequent substance use during sexual activity (65%), being previously diagnosed with STI (65%) and using condoms infrequently (44%). 63% reported a testing frequency of at least one HIV test per year before being diagnosed and 46% notified their previous sex partner(s) after being diagnosed. Over 20% of respondents (including 11 MSM, 4 heterosexual men and 5 heterosexual women) reported exclusive sexual activity with their steady partner. Eight participants (9%, all MSM, 75% born outside of Belgium) reported PrEP use in the past. No significant differences in behavioral characteristics were found between persons who were part of a local transmission cluster (48%) and persons that were not part of a cluster (47%). The study results revealed that the majority of persons diagnosed early with HIV-1 infection in Belgium exhibited characteristics corresponding to a high-at-risk population and were aware of this risk, as evidenced by a high testing frequency. However, partner notification rates were low and use and awareness of PrEP limited. A notable group of persons not corresponding to the high-risk profiles was also identified. This information may help to expose missed opportunities for prevention and contribute to enhancing the implementation of future prevention measures.

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BACKGROUND: The causality between neuroticism, a personality trait characterized by the tendency to experience negative emotions, and female reproductive diseases remains unclear. To provide evidence for the development of effective screening and prevention strategies, this study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causality between neuroticism clusters and female reproductive diseases. METHODS: Instrumental variables were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies of populations of European descent involving three neuroticism clusters (depressed affect, worry, sensitivity to environmental stress, and adversity [SESA]) in the Complex Trait Genetics database and six female reproductive diseases (infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS], spontaneous abortion, recurrent spontaneous abortion, endometriosis, and uterine fibroids) in the FinnGen database. The bidirectional two-sample MR analysis was conducted using the inverse variance-weighted, weighted median, and MR-Egger methods, whereas the sensitivity analysis was conducted using the Cochran's Q-test, MR-Egger intercept, and leave-one-out analysis. RESULTS: In the forward analysis, genetically predicted depressed affect and worry components of neuroticism significantly increased the risk of infertility (depressed affect: odds ratio [OR] = 1.399, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.054-1.856, p = 0.020; worry: OR = 1.587, 95% CI: 1.229-2.049, p = 0.000) and endometriosis (depressed affect: OR = 1.611, 95% CI: 1.234-2.102, p = 0.000; worry: OR = 1.812, 95% CI: 1.405-2.338, p = 0.000). Genetically predicted SESA component of neuroticism increased only the risk of endometriosis (OR = 1.524, 95% CI: 1.104-2.103, p = 0.010). In the reverse analysis, genetically predicted PCOS was causally associated with an increased risk of the worry component of neuroticism (Beta = 0.009, 95% CI: 0.003-0.016, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The MR study showed that the three neuroticism personality clusters had definite causal effects on at least one specific female reproductive disease. Moreover, PCOS may increase the risk of the worry component of neuroticism. This finding suggests the need to screen for specific female reproductive diseases in populations with high neuroticism and assess the psychological status of patients with PCOS.

Asunto(s)

Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Análisis de la Aleatorización Mendeliana , Neuroticismo , Humanos , Femenino , Infertilidad Femenina/psicología , Infertilidad Femenina/genética , Endometriosis/psicología , Endometriosis/genética , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/psicología , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/genética , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/complicaciones , Población Blanca/psicología , Población Blanca/genética , Población Blanca/estadística & datos numéricos , Leiomioma/genética , Leiomioma/psicología , Aborto Espontáneo/psicología , Aborto Espontáneo/genética , Aborto Espontáneo/epidemiología , Depresión/genética , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/psicología , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/genética , Enfermedades de los Genitales Femeninos/epidemiología , Aborto Habitual/genética , Aborto Habitual/psicología , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Personalidad/genética

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to establish a clinical prediction model for vessels encapsulating tumor clusters (VETC) based on preoperative ultrasonography (US) and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected from 215 patients who underwent hepatectomy for solitary HCC lesions. They were divided into training and validation cohorts at a ratio of 6:4. Preoperative imaging features were extracted (seven from US and nine from CECT imaging) to explore their relationship with VETC. A VETC prediction model was constructed and graphically depicted as a nomogram. Its performance was evaluated via the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the calibration curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA). RESULTS: The VETC incidence for all the lesions was 37.7%. The final variables included in the nomogram were "peritumoral enhancement in CECT", "alpha-fetoprotein level > 200 ng/Ml," "halo in US," "capsule enhancement in CECT," and "posterior acoustic enhancement in US." The area under the curve (AUC) values for the training and validation cohorts were 0.824 and 0.725, respectively. The Hosmer-Lemeshow fit test showed no statistical difference (p = 0.369 and p = 0.067 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively). DCA demonstrated that our nomogram provided clinical benefits to a wide range of patients. According to the nomogram score, the VETC-positive and -negative groups demonstrated significant differences in both the training (p < 0.001) and validation (p = 0.001) cohorts. CONCLUSION: Our prediction model based on US and CECT imaging features can accurately predict VETC in HCC.

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Seawater electrolysis can generate carbon-neutral hydrogen but its efficiency is hindered by the low mass activity and poor stability of commercial catalysts at industrial current densities. Herein, Pt nanoclusters are loaded on nickel-iron-cobalt phosphide nanosheets, with the obtained Pt@NiFeCo-P electrocatalyst exhibiting excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity and stability in alkaline seawater at ampere-level current densities. The catalyst delivers an ultralow HER overpotential of 19.7 mV at -10 mA cm-2 in seawater-simulating alkaline solutions, along with a Pt-mass activity 20.8 times higher than Pt/C under the same conditions, while dropping to 8.3 mV upon a five-fold NaCl concentrated natural seawater. Remarkably, Pt@NiFeCo-P offers stable operation for over 1000 h at 1 A cm-2 in an alkaline brine electrolyte, demonstrating its potential for efficient and long-term seawater electrolysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and in situ Raman studies revealed fast electron and charge transfer from the NiFeCo-P substrate to Pt nanoclusters enabled by a strong metal-support interaction, which increased the coverage of H* and accelerated water dissociation on high valent Co sites. This study represents a significant advancement in the development of efficient and stable electrocatalysts with high mass activity for sustainable hydrogen generation from seawater.