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BACKGROUND: Corneal transplantation, also known as keratoplasty, is a widely performed surgical procedure that aims to restore vision in patients with corneal damage. The success of corneal transplantation relies on the accurate and timely management of patient information, which can be enhanced using electronic health records (EHRs). However, conventional EHRs are often fragmented and lack standardization, leading to difficulties in information access and sharing, increased medical errors, and decreased patient safety. In the wake of these problems, there is a growing demand for standardized EHRs that can ensure the accuracy and consistency of patient data across health care organizations. OBJECTIVE: This paper proposes the use of openEHR structures for standardizing corneal transplantation records. The main objective of this research was to improve the quality and interoperability of EHRs in corneal transplantation, making it easier for health care providers to capture, share, and analyze clinical information. METHODS: A series of sequential steps were carried out in this study to implement standardized clinical records using openEHR specifications. These specifications furnish a methodical approach that ascertains the development of high-quality clinical records. In broad terms, the methodology followed encompasses the conduction of meetings with health care professionals and the modeling of archetypes, templates, forms, decision rules, and work plans. RESULTS: This research resulted in a tailored solution that streamlines health care delivery and meets the needs of medical professionals involved in the corneal transplantation process while seamlessly aligning with contemporary clinical practices. The proposed solution culminated in the successful integration within a Portuguese hospital of 3 key components of openEHR specifications: forms, Decision Logic Modules, and Work Plans. A statistical analysis of data collected from May 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023, allowed for the perception of the use of the new technologies within the corneal transplantation workflow. Despite the completion rate being only 63.9% (530/830), which can be explained by external factors such as patient health and availability of donor organs, there was an overall improvement in terms of task control and follow-up of the patients' clinical process. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the adoption of openEHR structures represents a significant step forward in the standardization and optimization of corneal transplantation records. It offers a detailed demonstration of how to implement openEHR specifications and highlights the different advantages of standardizing EHRs in the field of corneal transplantation. Furthermore, it serves as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners who are interested in advancing and improving the exploitation of EHRs in health care.

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Erik Goodwyn in this issue ("Demystifying Jung's 'Archetypes' with Embodied Cognition") argues for a reexamination of the clinical and neuropsychological relevance of Jungian archetypes. This assertion is examined with respect to the evidence Goodwyn provides as well as in the larger context of cognitive science as it is applied to theories rooted in past models of cognition.

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BACKGROUND: Aesthetic medicine has evolved significantly, accommodating diverse demographics and motivations influenced by societal shifts and technological advancements. The IMPACT (integrative multigenerational psychological analysis for cosmetic treatment) study refines patient archetypes, integrating psychological theories to tailor treatments, especially for younger demographics and LGBTQIA + communities. METHODS: This cross-sectional study utilized a comprehensive, validated survey with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89 and a Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.92, distributed across a globally diverse, generationally stratified sample. Techniques like regression analysis, ANOVA, Bayesian modelling, and factor analysis were employed to analyse the data, focusing on developing nuanced patient archetypes. RESULTS: Among 5645 participants, 5340 complete responses highlighted significant generational differences in aesthetic preferences. Millennials showed a strong preference for non-invasive procedures (ß = 0.65, p < 0.001). ANOVA results confirmed significant variances across generations [F (3, 5118) = 157.6, p < 0.001], with post-hoc analyses delineating specific inter-group differences. Bayesian modelling provided insights into the probability of non-invasive preferences among younger cohorts at over 92% certainty. Factor analysis revealed key dimensions such as 'Generational Influence' and 'Technological Adoption,' which helped in defining archetypes including Dynamic Self-Identity, Digital Native, Stability Seeker, Classic Conservatism, and Holistic Health, collectively explaining up to 78% of the variance in responses. CONCLUSION: The IMPACT study underscores the influence of generational identity and digital exposure on aesthetic preferences, advocating for personalized, archetype-based treatment approaches. This aligns with enhancing patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes, promoting an adaptive aesthetic medicine practice that meets the evolving needs of modern patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

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BACKGROUND: Despite the existence of physical activity policies across many countries, insufficient physical activity remains a major global public health problem. Physical inactivity is an emergent feature of complex systems; it results from a wide range of factors at multiple levels that interact to influence behavior. Traditional approaches to public policy often fail within complex systems, largely due to unpredictability in how the system will respond. Adaptive policies, which are designed to allow for uncertainty about future system behavior and to change over time, may offer a promising solution. In this paper, we introduce the concept of adaptive policies and illustrate how this innovative approach to policy making may be beneficial for reducing physical inactivity. DESIGN: Drawing on existing literature and guiding principles for policy making, we provide 3 examples to illustrate how the concept of adaptive policies can be applied to address physical inactivity. DISCUSSION: The examples illustrate how changes to the way policies and interventions are developed, implemented, and evaluated could help to overcome some of the limitations in existing practices. A key challenge will be engaging policymakers to take a broader perspective of the physical activity system, develop policies that are designed to be adaptable across a range of different future scenarios, and embrace uncertainty and long-term adaptability. CONCLUSION: Adaptive policies may support decision makers globally to achieve the widespread and sustained changes necessary to increase population levels of physical activity.

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INTRODUCTION: The position of the pelvis in the sagittal plane can vary considerably between different functional positions. Adapting the position of the acetabular cup in relation to the alignment between the spine and the hip of each individual, prior to prosthesis placement, can prevent the risk of prosthetic impingement. Taken individually, risk factors for unfavorable spinopelvic kinematics can be difficult to interpret when trying to precisely predict which patients are at risk. Furthermore, the use of classifications or algorithms can be complex, most often associated with limited values and often difficult to apply in current practices of risk assessment. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesized that the deconstruction of the data matrix including age and spinopelvic parameters (SPT, LL, PI, LF and PI-LL) correlated with the analysis of spinopelvic kinematics could be used to define an individualized hip-spine relationship. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We applied archetypal analysis, which is a probabilistic, data-driven and unsupervised approach, to a complete phenotype cohort of 330 patients before total hip arthroplasty to define the spinopelvic profile of each individual using the spinopelvic parameters without threshold value. For each archetype, we analyzed the spinopelvic kinematics, not implemented in the creation of the archetypes. RESULTS: An unsupervised learning method revealed seven archetypes with distinct spinopelvic kinematic profiles ranging from -8.9 ° to 13.15 ° (p = 0.0001) from standing to sitting and -5. 35 ° to -10.81 ° (p = 0.0001) from supine to standing. Archetype 1 represents the "ideal" patient (A1); young patients without spinopelvic anomaly and the least at risk of mobility anomaly. Followed by 3 archetypes without sagittal imbalance according to their lumbar lordosis and pelvic incidence, from the highest to the lowest (archetypes 2-4), archetype 4 exposing a greater risk of spinopelvic kinematic anomaly compared to others. Then 2 archetypes with sagittal imbalance: archetype 5, with an immobile pelvis in the horizontal plane from standing to sitting position in anterior tilt and archetype A6, with significant posterior pelvic tilt standing, likely compensating for the imbalance and associated with the greatest anomaly of spinopelvic kinematics. Finally, archetype 7 with the stiffest lumbar spine without sagittal imbalance and significant unfavorable kinematics from standing to sitting. CONCLUSION: An archetypal approach to patients before hip replacement can refine diagnostic and prognostic features associated with the hip-spine relationship and reduced heterogeneity, thereby improving spinopelvic characterization. This risk stratification of spinopelvic kinematic abnormalities could make it possible to target patients who require adapted positioning or types of implants before prosthetic surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV retrospective study.

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While Jung's notion of archetypes has had far-reaching universal appeal and significance, it remains less obvious how these ideas might benefit the analytic patient. In particular, the therapist and/or patient may struggle to hold the tension between the latter's personal neuroses and how transpersonal/archetypal elements inform his/her experience. While Jung strove to develop a treatment that dealt primarily with the archetypal/objective psyche, the personal psyche is arguably the medium through which the archetypes are experienced. I contend that the "discipline" of Jungian analysis evolved from a transposition of Jung's ideas around transpersonal, philosophical and religious themes (borne out of his own self-analysis), into a two-person psychotherapeutic process. Jung provides little description of his clinical encounters and the way in which he conducted his analyses leaving an uncertainty that has likely contributed to the divergence of approaches practised today by analytical psychologists. This article considers the implication of these divergences for contemporary Jungian practice and proposes a way of working in the Jungian spirit that maintains a connection to the symbolic realm while at the same time remaining focused on the complexities of personal and relational dynamics.

Alors que le concept jungien d'archétype a eu un attrait et une importance majeure et universelle, ce qui demeure moins évident est de savoir comment ces idées peuvent bénéficier au patient en analyse. En particulier, le thérapeute et/ou le patient peuvent peiner à contenir la tension entre les névroses personnelles du patient et la manière dont les éléments transpersonnels/archétypaux façonnent son expérience. Alors que Jung s'est efforcé de développer un traitement qui s'occupait essentiellement de la psyché objective/archétypale, c'est la psyché personnelle qui est probablement l'intermédiaire par lequel on fait l'expérience des archétypes. Je soutiens que la « discipline ¼ analyse jungienne est issue de la transposition des idées de Jung autour de thèmes transpersonnels, philosophiques et religieux (issus de sa propre auto­analyse), et qu'elle est progressivement devenue un processus psychothérapeutique impliquant deux personnes. Jung fournit peu de descriptions de ses rencontres cliniques et de la manière dont il conduisait ses analyses, ce qui laisse de l'incertitude. Ceci a probablement contribué au fait qu'il y a des divergences dans les approches utilisées aujourd'hui par les psychologues analytiques. Cet article examine les conséquences de ces divergences pour la pratique contemporaine de l'analyse jungienne. Il propose une manière de travailler dans l'esprit jungien c'est­à­dire en maintenant le lien avec le domaine symbolique, mais tout en restant concentré sur les complexités des dynamiques personnelles et relationnelles.

Aunque la noción de arquetipos de Jung ha tenido un atractivo y una relevancia extensa y universal, sigue siendo menos obvio cómo estas ideas pueden beneficiar al paciente analítico. En particular, el terapeuta y/o el paciente pueden tener dificultades para mantener la tensión entre las neurosis personales de este último y el modo en que los elementos transpersonales/arquetípicos informan su experiencia. Aunque Jung se esforzó por desarrollar un tratamiento que se ocupara principalmente de la psique arquetípica/objetiva, la psique personal es el medio a través del cual se experimentan los arquetipos. Sostengo que la "disciplina" del análisis Junguiano evolucionó a partir de una transposición de las ideas de Jung en torno a temas transpersonales, filosóficos y religiosos (surgidos de su propio análisis de sí mismo), en un proceso psicoterapéutico de dos personas. Jung brinda poca descripción de sus encuentros clínicos y de la forma en que llevó a cabo sus análisis, dejando una incerteza que probablemente ha contribuido a la divergencia de abordajes practicados en la actualidad por analistas Junguianos. Este artículo considera la implicancia de estas divergencias para la práctica Junguiana contemporánea y propone una manera de trabajar en el espíritu Junguiano que mantiene una conexión con la dimensión simbólica mientras que al mismo tiempo permanece centrado en las complejidades de las dinámicas personales y relacionales.

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Chicken fillets, predominantly encased in disposable plastic packaging, represent a common perishable commodity frequently found in the shopping baskets of British consumers, with an annual slaughter exceeding 1.1 billion chickens. The associated environmental implications are of considerable significance. However, a noticeable gap exists concerning the household-level ramifications of chicken meat consumption, which remains a prominent driver (165 kg CO2eyr-1 per capita) of environmental impacts in the United Kingdom (UK). This study's primary objective is to integrate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology with insights derived from a spectrum of interventions simulated within the Household Simulation Model (HHSM). The interventions that are simulated are influenced by various consumer behaviours related to the purchase, consumption, storage and disposal of chicken fillets. The overarching aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the environmental consequences associated with each intervention. The research encompasses eight distinct household archetypes and the UK average, with a focus on discerning differences in their environmental influence. The introduction of shelf-life extension measures leads to a reduction in the overall environmental impacts (in µPt), with reductions ranging from 1 % to 18 %. Concurrently, waste treatment's environmental burdens can be curtailed by 9 % to 69 % for the UK average. Of the 12 interventions tested, the intervention that combines a one-day extension in the shelf life of open packs and a three-day extension for unopened packs leads to the greatest reduction in environmental impacts, at 18 % for the entire process and 69 % for the waste treatment. This intervention is estimated to yield annual reductions of 130,722 t of CO2 emissions across the entire process and 34,720 t of CO2 emissions from waste treatment, as compared to the default scenario. These findings demonstrate the importance of integrating consumer behaviour, food waste, and packaging considerations within the domain of food LCA research.

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Information technology project managers (IT PM) have a critical influence on IT project success while attracting and selecting the right IT PM is challenging. We followed a four-level research design and firstly developed a taxonomy as an input for a cluster analysis to identify patterns in IT PM job advertisements. Based hereon, we developed a decision support framework for IT PM recruitment. We evaluated our findings in an online survey. We identified multiple design elements for IT PM job advertisements within five perspectives and deduced five IT PM archetypes. The decision support framework uses five questions to assist IT PM recruitment. We expand the knowledge base and consider not only IT PM requirements but also benefits. Our decision support framework is the first to holistically support IT PM recruitment, supports recruitment managers in structuring job interviews, identifies potential matches between applicants and recruiters, and assists in the final selection.

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As an alternative model of delivery to standard care, telehealth offers a promising solution to health access issues faced by rural and remote communities in Australia and worldwide. However, research typically focuses on its expected benefits and pitfalls, with little to no consideration of its unintended consequences and factors influencing its better utilisation. Drawing on systems thinking and informed by complexity science, we propose using systems archetypes-systems thinking tools - as a magnifying lens to investigate potential telehealth unintended consequences or outcomes. We conceptualise telehealth implementation in rural and remote Australia as a sociotechnical system whereby the interactions between its various agents shape telehealth implementation and, in turn, are shaped by it. When introducing new policies or interventions to any system, these interactions often lead to outcomes other than those initially planned or intended. Although systems archetypes cannot necessarily predict these outcomes, they are valuable for helping anticipate unintended, unforeseen outcomes and facilitating discussions about them to mitigate their negative impact and maximise their benefits. Outcomes are not necessarily adverse; they can also be positive. So, investigating such outcomes will minimise their negative impact and maximise their benefit. Our method was to review existing research and a selection of complexity and systems informed frameworks. Then, we assessed systems archetypes. And how they can be utilised to investigate unintended consequences. A worked example of what an unintended consequence in the implementation of telehealth in rural and remote Australia is presented.

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O inconsciente coletivo é um conceito formulado por Carl G. Jung que consiste de um nível de consciência primordial, compartilhado pelos membros de comunidade no âmbito familiar, racial, social, grupal, etc. e mediado por reações humanas instintivas ancestrais que não se baseiam na experiência individual. A assim chamada Ressonância Mórfica, elaborada por Rupert Sheldrake, amplia o conceito de inconsciente coletivo, pois opera em todo o universo, envolvendo elementos de todos os reinos da natureza. Representa uma memória coletiva auto-organizada influenciada por padrões semelhantes do passado. Poderíamos inferir que a totalidade de sintomas de uma patogenesia de uma substância é também um conjunto de símbolos e arquétipos. Cada substância está ligada aos seus ancestrais de uma mesma família botânica ou animal, como também ligada à formação geológica do nosso planeta. De forma semelhante, existe uma consciência de grupo que influencia todos os membros do sistema familiar. A verdadeira individualidade psíquica da criança é uma combinação de fatores coletivos, pois não apenas o corpo da criança, mas também sua alma, provém da série dos antepassados, no sentido de que ela não pode ser distinguida individualmente da alma coletiva da humanidade. Por estar espalhada por toda a parte na alma coletiva, a criança pequena "percebe" não apenas os condicionamentos mais profundos dos pais, mas também, em um âmbito mais extenso, o bem e o mal existentes nas profundezas da alma humana. Todos nós somos influenciados pelas dinâmicas sistêmicas do mundo que nos cerca. A tendência é repetir inconscientemente os problemas do passado e levá-los adiante. Desta forma, a noção de individualidade é relativizada. Ao estudarmos os medicamentos agregando-os por algum tipo de analogia para formar grupos ou famílias seja de origem mineral, vegetal ou animal, o conjunto de características, temas, arquétipos, sensações, sintomas comuns, etc. de um determinado grupo forma um campo mórfico no espaço-tempo, a qual os pacientes por ressonância ou similitude se ligam inconscientemente. O campo eletromagnético de cada indivíduo, mediado pelos seus sistemas de crenças e campos mórficos familiares, liga-se aos campos informacionais dos mitos, dos arquétipos e do inconsciente coletivo humano similares, podendo levar ao adoecimento.

The collective unconscious is a concept formulated by Carl G. Jung that consists of a primordial level of consciousness, shared by community members in the family, racial, social, group, etc. spheres and mediated by ancestral instinctive human reactions that are not based on individual experience. The so-called Morphic Resonance, elaborated by Rupert Sheldrake, expands the concept of the collective unconscious, as it operates throughout the universe, involving elements from all kingdoms of nature. It represents a self-organizing collective memory influenced by similar patterns from the past. We could infer that the totality of symptoms of a pathogenesis of a substance is also a set of symbols and archetypes. Each substance is linked to its ancestors from the same botanical or animal family, as well as linked to the geological formation of our planet. Similarly, there is a group consciousness that influences all members of the family system. The true psychic individuality of the child is a combination of collective factors, for not only the child's body, but also his soul, comes from the series of ancestors, in the sense that it cannot be distinguished individually from the collective soul of humanity. Because it is scattered everywhere in the collective soul, the young child "perceives" not only the deeper conditionings of the parents, but also, in a wider scope, the good and evil existing in the depths of the human soul. We are all influenced by the systemic dynamics of the world around us. The tendency is to unconsciously repeat the problems of the past and carry them forward. In this way, the notion of individuality is relativized. When we study medicines by aggregating them by some kind of analogy to form groups or families, whether of mineral, vegetable or animal origin, the set of characteristics, themes, archetypes, sensations, common symptoms, etc. of a given group forms a morphic field in space-time, to which patients by resonance or similarity unconsciously attach themselves. Each individual's electromagnetic field, mediated by their belief systems and familiar morphic fields, is linked to the informational fields of similar myths, archetypes, and the human collective unconscious, and can lead to illness.

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This paper delves into the concept of archetypes, universal patterns of behavior and cognition, and proposes a novel tripartite model distinguishing between structural, regulatory, and representational archetypes. Drawing on insights from code biology, neuroscience, genetics, and epigenetics, the model provides a nuanced framework for understanding archetypes and their role in shaping cognition and behavior. The paper also explores the interplay between these elements to express representational archetypes. Furthermore, it addresses the informational capacity of the genome and its influence on post-natal development and the psyche. The paper concludes by discussing the future trajectory of psychology, emphasizing the need for an integrative approach that combines our understanding of social constructs with insights into our inherent organizational propensities or archetypes. This exploration holds the potential to advance our understanding of the human condition.

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Debates surrounding Jung's archetype theory could be characterized as tacit attempts to contend with the concept's dual function as referring to something known to psychologists (sign) and standing for something that is fundamentally unknowable (symbol). This essay considers implications of the term "archetype," outlines and critiques some of the conundrums of categorization and scientific credibility posed by Jung's formulation of the theory, and prompts locating the archetypal "human quality" of being human in imaginaries of typical patterning of the experiential realm.

Les débats entourant la théorie des archétypes de Jung peuvent être caractérisés comme des tentatives tacites de lutter contre la double fonction du concept, qui fait référence à quelque chose de connu des psychologues (le signe) et qui représente quelque chose de fondamentalement mystérieux (le symbole). Cet essai examine les implications du terme « archétype ¼. Il expose et fait la critique de quelques problématiques de la catégorisation et de la crédibilité scientifique posées par la formulation de la théorie par Jung. L'article incite à localiser la «qualité humaine¼ archétypale de l'être humain dans des imaginaires de modèles typiques du domaine expérientiel.

Los debates en torno a la teoría de los arquetipos de Jung podrían caracterizarse como intentos tácitos de lidiar con la doble función del concepto: referirse a algo conocido por los psicólogos (signo) y representar algo que es fundamentalmente incognoscible (símbolo). Este ensayo examina las implicaciones del término "arquetipo", describe y critica algunos de los enigmas de categorización y credibilidad científica que plantea la formulación de la teoría de Jung, e incita a situar la "cualidad humana" arquetípica del ser humano en los imaginarios de patrones típicos del ámbito experiencial.

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Jung's final psychoid theory of archetypes was an additional attempt to find a solution to the philosophical problem of how to relate mind and matter. In the following essay Jung's solution is summarized by a set of 17 theses, and Jung's philosophy will be called psychoid monism. According to psychoid monism, what ultimately and primarily is, is the psycho-physically neutral domain of instinctual experience. The origin of this view can be traced back to Post-Kantian German Idealism (Schopenhauer, Schelling, Hölderlin), and a systematization of the view requires a dialectic approach and, in particular, contradiction-tolerant dialectic logic.

La dernière théorie psychoïde des archétypes de Jung était une tentative supplémentaire pour trouver une solution au problème philosophique de comment mettre en lien l'esprit et la matière. Dans cet article, la solution de Jung est résumée en une série de 17 thèses, et la philosophie de Jung sera appelée le monisme psychoïde. Selon le monisme psychoïde, ce qui est - de manière ultime et première - c'est le domaine psycho-physique neutre de l'expérience instinctuelle. L'origine de cette perspective trouve son origine dans l'Idéalisme Allemand Postkantien (Schopenhauer, Schelling, Hölderlin). Une systématisation de cette perspective requiert une approche dialectique et tout particulièrement une logique dialectique qui tolère la contradiction.

La teoría final psicoide de Jung sobre los arquetipos fue un intento adicional de encontrar una solución al problema filosófico de cómo relacionar mente y materia. En el siguiente artículo, la solución de Jung se resume en un conjunto de 17 tesis, y la filosofía de Jung se denominará monismo psicoide. Según el monismo psicoide, de lo que principalmente y en última instancia se trata, es del dominio psicofísicamente neutro de la experiencia instintiva. El origen de este punto de vista se remonta al Idealismo alemán postkantiano (Schopenhauer, Schelling, Hölderlin), y su sistematización requiere un enfoque dialéctico y, en particular, una lógica dialéctica tolerante con las contradicciones.

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Forest conversion and conservation in rural settings are linked to both social and biophysical drivers. However, the joint analysis of these drivers presents methodological challenges. To address this problem, we propose a novel methodology to explore the relationship between livelihood heterogeneity and land use change at the community level. It combines the concept of archetype with the accounting scheme of MUlti-Scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism to define and quantify the characteristics of livelihood typologies in socioeconomic (time use, financial flows) and ecological terms (land use, agricultural inputs, soil degradation). Conservation trade-offs of potential policies are explored through "what if" scenarios assuming changes in off-farm opportunities, population growth, and conservation/farming subsidies. The approach is tested with a case study of the community of San Isidro, in Chiapas, Mexico. We conclude that the concept of livelihood typologies is useful to inform the debate over conservation prospects in rural environments. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10668-023-02965-z.

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Social media is an arena of debate for contentious political and social topics. One conservation topic debated online is the acceptability of trophy hunting, a debate that has implications for national and international policy. We used a mixed-methods approach (grounded theory and quantitative clustering) to identify themes in the trophy hunting debate on Twitter. We examined commonly co-occurring categories that describe people's stances on trophy hunting. We identified 12 categories and 4 preliminary archetypes opposing trophy hunting-activism, scientific, condemning, and objecting-whose opposition derived from different moral reasoning. Few tweets (22) in our sample of 500 supported trophy hunting, whereas 350 opposed it. The debate was hostile; 7% of tweets in our sample were categorized as abusive. Online debates can be unproductive, and our findings may be important for stakeholders wishing to effectively engage in the trophy hunting debate on Twitter. More generally, we contend that because social media is increasingly influential, it is important to formally contextualize public responses to contentious conservation topics in order to aid communication of conservation evidence and to integrate diverse public perspectives in conservation practice.

Caracterización del debate sobre la cacería de trofeos en Twitter Resumen Las redes sociales son arenas de debate para temas políticos y sociales polémicos. Un tema de conservación que se debate en línea es la aceptación de la cacería de trofeos, cuya discusión tiene implicaciones políticas nacionales e internacionales. Usamos una estrategia de métodos mixtos (teoría fundamentada y datos cuantitativos agrupados) para identificar los temas en el debate sobre la cacería de trofeos en Twitter. Analizamos las categorías concurrentes más comunes que describían la postura de las personas con respecto al tema. Identificamos doce categorías y cuatro arquetipos preliminares en contra de la cacería de trofeos (activista, científico, condenatorio y opositor), cuya oposición derivó de diferentes razonamientos morales. Pocos tuits (22) en nuestra muestra de 500 apoyaban la cacería de trofeos, mientras que 350 se oponían a ella. El debate era hostil, pues 7% de los tuits en nuestra muestra estuvieron categorizados como abusivos. Los debates en línea pueden ser improductivos y nuestros descubrimientos pueden ser importantes para los actores que desean participar de forma efectiva en el debate sobre la cacería de trofeos en Twitter. De manera más generalizada, sostenemos que, debido a la creciente influencia de las redes sociales, es importante que las respuestas públicas a los temas polémicos de conservación estén contextualizadas de manera formal para así auxiliar a la comunicación de la evidencia de conservación y para integrar las diferentes perspectivas públicas en la práctica de la conservación.

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Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is recognized as a complex multifactorial disease often resulting in significant economic losses for the stocker industry through reduced health and performance of feeder calves. Conventional approaches to manage BRD in stocker production systems can be challenged with a restricted view of the system, most importantly the structure, which drives the behavior of the system and fails to anticipate unintended consequences. The translation and implementation of systems thinking into veterinary medicine can offer an alternative method to problem-solving. Fundamental to the success of the systems thinker is the conceptualization of the Iceberg Diagram intended to identify root causes of complex problems such as BRD. Furthermore, veterinary and animal health professionals are well-positioned to serve as facilitators to establish creative tension, the positive energy necessary to identify high-leverage strategies. The interrelationships and interconnected behaviors of complex stocker systems warrant an understanding of various archetypes. Archetypes provide the systems thinker with a decision-making tool to explore tactics in a nonlinear fashion for the purpose of recognizing short- and long-term outcomes. Developing literacy in the discipline of systems thinking will further equip professionals with the skillset necessary to address the multitude of challenges ingrained in complex stocker cattle systems.

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OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article is to present a comprehensive view on the topic of nursing leadership discussing the theoretical frameworks that underpin its manifestation, the leadership styles in nursing, the overall landscape in nursing leadership including the context where leadership is being practiced, and finally looking at the educational pathways for building leadership capacity and sustainability DATA SOURCES: Relevant studies on the topic as well professional associations, national and international organizations' evidence have formed the basis for this article. CONCLUSION: The role of the nurse leaders is complex and demanding within the context of health care. Its value has been increasingly drawing the attention of national and international organizations. The nurse leader is performing tasks within rapidly shifting environments that require constant changes to best address the organizational goals but remain true to the values and perspectives envisioned by the nursing profession. Through the implementation of corresponding competency frameworks, the capacity and preparedness of nurse leaders can be cultivated ideally in a multidisciplinary context. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurse leaders are increasingly assuming positions of authority across the structures of health care organizations. There is need to timely and appropriately increase the preparedness of nurse leaders to assume and sustain these challenging and dynamic roles.

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This article is the second essay in a series on the historical development of psychological configurations of the self. It presents the different psychological configurations of the gregarious type of self, which emerged in the early stages of humanity. The article first presents an overview of prehistoric human development and the various difficulties in studying the behavior of early humans. Second, it presents the characteristics of the different psychological configurations of gregarious selves, differentiating between two levels of archaic gregarious self, and the later development of the classical gregarious self. Finally, some basic lines in the configuration of the gregarious archetypes are delimited (AU)

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The digital transformation offers new opportunities for organizations to expand their existing service portfolio in order to achieve competitive advantages. A popular way to create new customer value is the offer of analytics-based services (ABS)-services that apply analytical methods to data to empower customers to make better decisions and to solve complex problems. However, research still lacks to provide a profound conceptualization of this novel service type. Similarly, actionable insights on how to purposefully establish ABS in the market to enrich the service portfolio remain scarce. We perform a cluster analysis of 105 ABS and triangulate it with a revelatory case study to identify four generic ABS archetypes and to unveil their specific service objectives and characteristics. We also isolate essential factors that shape decision-making regarding the choice of adequate archetypes and subsequent transitions between them. The detailed characterization of different ABS types contributes to a more profound theorizing process on ABS as well as provides a systematization for strategic opportunities to enrich service portfolios in practice.