RESUMEN

The calcareous materials used in constructing the Phaya Thon Zu temple at the Bagan historical sites in Myanmar are mortars, plasters, and stuccos. Among them, the mortars and plasters are a mixture of original and new materials used for recent conservation treatments. In this study, the making techniques were examined through analysis of calcareous materials by production period. All calcareous materials have a mineral composition similar to soil, except calcite. Stuccos have the most refined aggregates, homogeneous particle size, and the highest lime and organic contents. They were designed to improve ease of carving and weathering resistance, considering the unique characteristics of the stuccos. Because all calcareous materials were mixed with soil, the origin of the clay materials was analyzed. It was concluded that the mortars were produced by mixing clay and sandy soil, and the original mortars showed characteristics similar to soil. It is highly possible that sandy soil from around the Htillominlo temple was used to produce new plasters, and it is estimated that a mixture of clay soil was used for the original plasters and stuccos. A clear provenance interpretation of the original and raw materials used for each construction and the mixing ratio of clay materials need to be discussed through experiments, along with the estimated provenance area of the raw calcareous materials.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The FACE-Q Aesthetics is used extensively to measure patient reported outcomes for minimally invasive and surgical facial aesthetic treatments. We recently developed a new FACE-Q scale to assess satisfaction with the appearance of the temples. AIM: The aim of this study was to field test the FACE-Q Satisfaction with Temples scale to examine its psychometric properties. METHODS: The FACE-Q Satisfaction with Temples scale was administered to 171 adults (22 years or older) seeking minimally invasive treatment to improve temple hollowing as part of a clinical trial. The severity of temple hollowing was established through the clinician-reported Allergan Temple Hollowing scale (clinician-rated). The psychometric properties of the FACE-Q Satisfaction with Temples scale were established by testing Rasch Measurement Theory (RMT) assumptions and model fit; unidimensionality by principal component analysis; and construct validity by hypothesis testing. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 171 adults (mean age 54.7 ± 9.9, range, 25-82 years). RMT analysis provided evidence for the scientific soundness of a 12-item Satisfaction with Temples scale. The data fit the Rasch model (χ2 = 20.47, df = 24, p = 0.67), all items had ordered thresholds, and good item fit. Scale reliability was high, with Person Separation Index and Cronbach alpha values with and without extremes ≥0.93. Principal component analysis revealed a single component with high factor coefficients. Construct validity was established as scores for the Satisfaction with Temples and Face Overall scales were correlated (r = 0.623, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The FACE-Q Satisfaction with Temples scale is a reliable and valid measure that can be used in clinical practice and research to measure outcomes following treatment for temple hollowing.

RESUMEN

Filler injections in the upper face pose significant challenges due to its complex anatomy and proximity to vascular structures. High-frequency Doppler ultrasound offers real-time visualization of facial anatomy, improving both safety and aesthetic outcomes. This paper presents a detailed overview of the ultrasonographic anatomy of the temples, forehead, and glabella, along with reproducible, ultrasound-guided filler injection techniques for these areas. We use two scanning techniques previously described: "scan before injecting" and "scan while injecting", applicable to subdermal, interfascial, and supraperiosteal planes in the temporal region, as well as the glabella, forehead, and supraorbital region. Ultrasound guidance for filler injections in the upper face can enhance procedural efficacy and safety. By integrating real-time imaging, practitioners can navigate the intricate vascular anatomy more effectively, thereby minimizing the risk of complications. This study highlights the need for ongoing research and continuous education to further refine these techniques and improve patient outcomes.

RESUMEN

Introduction: This article explores the significance of the Thai Buddhist temple for Thai women's sense of safety in Finland. Despite the growing popularity of Buddhism in the country, research literature and media have largely ignored the religiosity of Thai women, focusing instead on negative stereotypes. The article highlights the importance of Buddhism and the temple in the lives of Thai women who have migrated to European countries and challenges biased portrayals of Thai women in previous research. Methods: Based on ethnographic research at the Thai temples in Finland and life story interviews with twelve Thai women. Results: The article argues that the temple plays a crucial role in promoting a sense of safety among Thai women by providing a sense of home, belonging, and meaning. The temple's material and symbolic characteristics, in addition to its communality and relationality, work together to connect individuals with the temple's religious significance, contributing to the women's sense of security. Discussion: These findings speak for the fact that when facing the challenges of Thai women or other religious and ethical minorities, it is necessary to also look to their religion as a source of mental and spiritual well-being.

RESUMEN

Preservation of cultural relics is crucial for cultural sustainability, particularly in the case of cave temples, which are a unique and immovable part of our heritage, nested within mountains. These structures bear immense historical significance and possess considerable economic value, making them vulnerable to criminal activities, notably theft. Establishing a robust physical protection system (PPS) is imperative to safeguard these relics from potential damage. This paper proposes a novel approach for assessing the vulnerability of cave temples' PPS. Based on the fuzzy Petri net (FPN) principle, a comprehensive vulnerability assessment index system was developed within the PPS framework, considering the unique characteristics of cave temples. This study refines the formal definition of the FPN, enhancing its precision and effectiveness for vulnerability assessment. The practicality and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified through simulation experiments. An illustrative example is provided to demonstrate this approach.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: The depressed volume of the forehead and temple is resolved by filler injection. However, the current method has the potential to cause pain and side effects in patients, depending on the skill of the clinician. Therefore, this study proposes a new method for safer and simpler injection using only one injection entry point. METHODS: Using the novel injection method, the filler was injected into the forehead and temple regions in three unembalmed cadavers and two healthy Korean volunteers. The cannula and filler locations were identified using dissection, ultrasonography, and three-dimensional (3D) scanning. RESULTS: Ultrasonographic images and dissection results showed that the filler injected into the cadavers was in the target layer. The cannula and filler were located on the layer as the supraperiosteal layer on the forehead and the supra deep temporal fascia layer in the temple. Finally, 3D scanning images showed that the filler was injected precisely and effectively into the forehead and temples of the volunteer who underwent the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: This method can reduce pain and minimize externally visible wounds caused by injections. The injected filler was naturally connected from the forehead to the temple and maintained for around 3 months. Additionally, it is possible to inject fillers into the forehead and temple at a constant and safe depth without requiring specific skills. It is expected that this method will become a universal method because it minimizes the burden on both patients and clinicians.

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: The etiology of central precocious puberty (CPP) has expanded with identification of new genetic causes, including the monogenic deficiency of Makorin-Ring-Finger-Protein-3 (MKRN3). We aimed to assess the prevalence of CPP causes and the predictors of genetic involvement in this phenotype. DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study for an etiological survey of patients with CPP from a single academic center. METHODS: All patients with CPP had detailed medical history, phenotyping, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); those with negative brain MRI (apparently idiopathic) were submitted to genetic studies, mainly DNA sequencing studies, genomic microarray, and methylation analysis. RESULTS: We assessed 270 patients with CPP: 50 (18.5%) had CPP-related brain lesions (34 [68%] congenital lesions), whereas 220 had negative brain MRI. Of the latter, 174 (165 girls) were included for genetic studies. Genetic etiologies were identified in 22 patients (20 girls), indicating an overall frequency of genetic CPP of 12.6% (22.2% in boys and 12.1% in girls). The most common genetic defects were MKRN3, Delta-Like-Non-Canonical-Notch-Ligand-1 (DLK1), and Methyl-CpG-Binding-Protein-2 (MECP2) loss-of-function mutations, followed by 14q32.2 defects (Temple syndrome). Univariate logistic regression identified family history (odds ratio [OR] 3.3; 95% CI 1.3-8.3; P = .01) and neurodevelopmental disorders (OR 4.1; 95% CI 1.3-13.5; P = .02) as potential clinical predictors of genetic CPP. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct genetic causes were identified in 12.6% patients with apparently idiopathic CPP, revealing the genetic etiology as a relevant cause of CPP in both sexes. Family history and neurodevelopmental disorders were suggested as predictors of genetic CPP. We originally proposed an algorithm to investigate the etiology of CPP including genetic studies.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Cangjie Temple was built to commemorate Cangjie, the legendary inventor of Chinese characters. It stands as one of the few remaining temples in China dedicated to the invention and creation of writing. In this study, the material properties of wooden paintings from the Cangjie temple were characterized using Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Micro-confocal Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS). It was confirmed that the pigments of the paintings included cinnabar, lapis lazuli, lead white, Paris green, and carbon black. The proteinaceous glue was used as an adhesive in the pigment samples, with tung oil likely being utilized as a primer for the wooden structures before painting. This study not only provides valuable data support for the conservation and restoration of the architectural features of Cangjie Temple but also provides useful reference for the maintenance and inheritance of similar ancient buildings.

RESUMEN

Plexiform neurofibroma is a rare variant of neurofibromatosis type 1. Diagnosis is challenging due to the highly variable clinical presentation. Early diagnosis is essential for appropriate treatment and prevention of complications. This report describes a sporadic solitary plexiform neurofibroma in the temporal region of a seven-year-old girl. The growth of the mass began at birth and grew steadily over five years. Subsequently, the mass began to expand rapidly. The patient underwent complete surgical resection under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed a plexiform neurofibroma. In conclusion, surgical excision is the gold standard for cases with symptomatic, visible, large superficial lesions.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Temple syndrome (TS14) is a rare imprinting disorder caused by maternal UPD14, imprinting defects or paternal microdeletions which lead to an increase in the maternal expressed genes and a silencing the paternally expressed genes in the 14q32 imprinted domain. Classical TS14 phenotypic features include pre- and postnatal short stature, small hands and feet, muscular hypotonia, motor delay, feeding difficulties, weight gain, premature puberty along and precocious puberty. METHODS: An exon array comparative genomic hybridization was performed on a patient affected by psychomotor and language delay, muscular hypotonia, relative macrocephaly, and small hand and feet at two years old. At 6 years of age, the proband presented with precocious thelarche. Genes dosage and methylation within the 14q32 region were analyzed by MS-MLPA. Bisulfite PCR and pyrosequencing were employed to quantification methylation at the four known imprinted differentially methylated regions (DMR) within the 14q32 domain: DLK1 DMR, IG-DMR, MEG3 DMR and MEG8 DMR. RESULTS: The patient had inherited a 69 Kb deletion, encompassing the entire DLK1 gene, on the paternal allele. Relative hypermethylation of the two maternally methylated intervals, DLK1 and MEG8 DMRs, was observed along with normal methylation level at IG-DMR and MEG3 DMR, resulting in a phenotype consistent with TS14. Additional family members with the deletion showed modest methylation changes at both the DLK1 and MEG8 DMRs consistent with parental transmission. CONCLUSION: We describe a girl with clinical presentation suggestive of Temple syndrome resulting from a small paternal 14q32 deletion that led to DLK1 whole-gene deletion, as well as hypermethylation of the maternally methylated DLK1-DMR.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

We herein present the case of a 21-year-old male Japanese diabetic patient with Temple syndrome, caused by maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14. The patient was overweight and had type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and microalbuminuria. He had an increased fat mass in the truncal region and a decreased lean mass throughout the body. This may lead to insulin resistance due to the absence of delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1) and retrotransposon gag-like 1 (RTL1). The patient had experienced social withdrawal at home (hikikomori in Japanese), had poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, and was overweight despite receiving diet therapy and oral hypoglycemic agents.

RESUMEN

Pathogenic variants of the KCNH1 gene can cause dominant-inherited Temple-Baraitser/Zimmermann-Laband syndrome with severe mental retardation, seizure, gingival hyperplasia and nail hypoplasia. This study established an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) line using urinary cells from a girl with KCNH1 recurrent/hotspot pathogenic variant c.1070G > A (p.R357Q). The cell identity, pluripotency, karyotypic integrity, absence of reprogramming virus and mycoplasma contamination, and differential potential to three germ layers of the iPSC line, named as ZJUCHi003, were characterized and confirmed. Furthermore, ZJUCHi003-derived neurons manifested slower action potential repolarization process and wider action potential half-width than the normal neurons. This cell line will be useful for investigating the pathogenic mechanisms of KCNH1 variants-associated symptoms, as well as for evaluating novel therapeutic approaches.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Intestinal parasitic infections such as amoebiasis, ascariasis, hookworm infection, and trichuriasis are the most common infections among non-human primates (NHPs). There are always the possibilities of transmission these parasites between humans and NHPs. Multiple groups of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) live in the urban area of Kathmandu Valley near human settlements, however the gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infections in those macaques are understudied. This study aimed to explore the GI parasites in free-ranging macaques from Pashupatinath, Swayambhunath, Tripureshwor, Nilbarahi temples and a group of captive rhesus macaques in the Central Zoo, Kathmandu. Fecal samples were collected from the macaques between October 2021 to September 2022 and assessed for parasites by the both wet mount method and concentration technique. There is high prevalence of GI parasite infection; out of 121 fecal samples examined, 87.6% of samples were positive. Six species of protozoans and eight species of helminths were identified from the fecal samples including the first report of Iodamoeba butschlii in monkeys of Nepal. Among the protozoan parasites, Entamoeba coli (54.71%) showed the highest prevalence followed by Balantioides coli (44.33%), E. histolytica (19.81%), and Iodamoeba butschlii (10%). Among the helminths, Trichuris spp. (31.13%) and Strongyloides spp. (31.13%) showed the highest prevalence followed by Hookworm (24.52%), and Strongyle spp. (23.58%). The likelihood ratio test suggested that the prevalence differed significantly with the seasons for Iodamoeba butschlii, Giardia spp., Strongyles spp., Hookworm, and Trichostrongylus spp. The prevalence of E. histolytica, E. coli, Iodamoeba. butschlii, Trichuris spp., Trichostrongylus spp., and Unknown spp.1 differed with sampling localities. The high prevalence of GI parasites found in the macaques living in the densely urbanized Kathmandu presents a potential threat to humans and warrants further study as well as increased education of the public and management of the human-macaque interface in the urban landscape of the Valley.

RESUMEN

The data presented contains a collection of microtremor measurement data regarding the structures and fluid flow of the Mt. Telomoyo's geothermal manifestation, Indonesia. The data are primary data taken using 3 unit single-station microtremor devices with a total of 60 acquisition stations in The Umbul Temple, Dukuh Temple and Pakis Dadu hot spring manifestation area. Data was obtained using 3-component digital seismograph VHL PS-2B series and recorded with a data logger type GL 240 with a duration of 10 min. This data can then be used in the analysis of the Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio (HVSR) which will later produce the HV curve. The compressional wave velocity vp, shear wave velocity vs, density, and thickness profiles of each data were obtained from carrying out the inversion process using Dinver.

RESUMEN

The impact of incense burning on ambient air quality was investigated by measuring the concentrations of fine particles (PM2.5), elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and their oxidative potential (OP) at three temple premises in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. These temples, namely, Bajrabarahi, Bagalamukhi, and Bhadrakali, are located in three distinct environments: forest, residential, and roadside, respectively. During the incense burning event days, the PM2.5 concentration at Bhadrakali (431.4 µgm-3) was significantly higher than that measured at the Bagalamukhi (135.2 µgm-3) and Bajrabarahi (84.7 µgm-3) temple premises. This observation is consistent with the fact that Bhadrakali Temple had the highest intensity of incense burning. Additionally, the temple premises were also influenced by vehicular emissions from transportation facilities. Carbonaceous aerosols significantly increased during incense burning events, indicating that incense burning contributes significantly to the formation of primary and secondary OC. Moreover, the OP of PM2.5 during the incense burning event days was higher compared to non-event days (p < 0.05), suggesting an elevated health risk due to the increased concentration and toxicity of fine particles. These findings highlight the substantial impact of incense burning on air quality in temple premises, emphasizing the need to implement effective strategies to mitigate the associated health risks.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The phenotypically similar genetic diseases Zimmermann Laband syndrome (ZLS) and Temple-Baraitser syndrome (TMBTS) cause neurodevelopmental problems. Mutations in the gene coding for potassium voltage-gated channel, primarily KCNH1, cause these symptoms. An uncommon mutation in KCNH1 (p.Arg357Trp) present on Exon 7, reported to replace arginine with tryptophan at codon 357 of the KCNH1 protein c.1069C>T, caused pharma coresistantseizures and autistic behaviour in a 2.7-year-old boy. This mutation causes problems with protein modelling and has yet to be documented in any genetic databases around the world. This mutation was overlapped with GPHN gene, c.828+1G>A, in our patient, causing GPHN related spectrum disorder (autosomal dominant) along with molybdenum cofactor deficiency (autosomal recessive) leading to a neuropsychiatric presentation including autistic behaviour, making diagnosis and management even more complicated.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

The forehead and temporal region are frequent areas of skin cancer development. After tumor removal, reconstruction must be performed, maintaining the frontal-temporal line of the scalp and symmetry of the eyebrows in an attempt to hide the scars within these marks or natural folds and wrinkles. Second wound healing and skin grafts generally do not produce an acceptable cosmetic result. When direct closure is not possible, the technique of choice is skin flaps. In the midfrontal line continuation of the glabella, there is a remnant of skin to be used as a donor area for local flaps; similarly, it occurs in the preauricular cheek, which can move toward the temple. In addition to the classic advancement and rotation flaps, the frontalis myocutaneous transposition flap is an excellent technique for closing defects which are wider than higher on the forehead. Its design is very versatile and can be performed between the two pupil lines at different heights depending on the location of the defect. On the other hand, the preauricular skin advancement flap with an infralobular Burow's triangle is also an excellent option for reconstructing tumors in the temporal area.

RESUMEN

Eco-friendly and beneficial nature algae make it prominent in our earth as well as for human life. In recent decades, microalgal applications is sought in varied fields from the remediation of wastes to the production of pharmaceutical products. Still, more extensive research on bioprospecting should to conducted to get the genus-specific or species-specific applications of microalgae with high efficiency. This inquiry was carried out (October 2021 to September 2022) for the effectual understanding of microalgal composition structure along with seasonal physicochemical variations in the age-old holy tank at Tiruvallur, southeast India. This inquiry also acts as the source data and makes the bioprospecting process easier. It also ignites the researchers to address the microalgae seasonal composition structure of peculiar wet environments. A total of 41 microalgae species were recorded, in which six major algal groups were in order of, Chlorophyceae > Bacillariophyceae > Cyanophyceae > Euglenophyceae > Zygnematophyceae > Trebouxiophyceae. Mean seasonal abundance was highest in the summer season (351 cells/L) and lowest in the monsoon (113 cells/L). One-way ANOVA showed seasonal variations of physicochemical parameters, in which the majority of them attained their peak during summer. Mean values of water temperature, pH, salinity, total dissolved solids, total solids, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, total hardness, total alkalinity, ammonia, nitrite-nitrogen, and nitrate-nitrogen for the summer were 31.43 °C, 8.53, 0.56 ppt, 383 mg/L, 525 mg/L, 0.85 mS/cm, 46.27 mg/L, 300 ppm, 251.67 ppm, 1.51 mg/L, 0.62 mg/L, and 0.70 mg/L, respectively. Karl Pearson's correlation revealed a most significant relationship between water quality factors and algal density. The Shannon's diversity index (2.78-3.39) indicated moderately rich microalgal diversity in the study area. Palmer's pollution index stated that the temple tank was organically polluted all over the study period except November.

RESUMEN

Microalgae are quickly gaining attention among the researchers in various aspects such as biofuel applications, biogas, biomass production, waste water treatment, carbon fixation, animal feed ingredients, pigment production, and pharmaceutical products. One of the approaches to choose microalgae for biotechnological applications is to investigate their diversity and abundance in all possible wet environments. Samples were collected from three sampling sites for the period of 1 year (October 2021-September 2022) in Vadapalani temple tank at Chennai. Physicochemical parameters in current investigation were estimated according to APHA, 2017. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of phytoplankton were done throughout the study period. One-way ANOVA (Analyses of Variance) and Karl Pearson's correlation coefficient were estimated using SPSS (V.26.0). A total of 11 diversity indices were estimated using PAST (V 4.0). A total of 52 algal species were identified, prevailed over by Chlorophyceae (15 species), followed by Zygnematophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae, and Trebouxiophyceae. Chlorophyceae quantitatively structured the major category. The maximum and minimum values of density were observed during the season of summer (287 Cells/L) and monsoon (80 Cells/L), respectively. Chlorophyceae showed dominance with a density of 168 cells/L. The maximum and minimum densities of Chlorophyceae were recorded in the summer season (55 cells/L) and monsoon season (24 cells/L), respectively. Shannon's index (H') attained its zenith in February and April month of 2022 (3.60). This study further ignites the researchers to phycoprospect various temple water to address the nature of microalgae occurrence and for biotechnological purposes.

RESUMEN

Sandstone blocks quarried from the late Jurassic to the early Cretaceous Red Terrane Formation were used to construct the Wat Phu temple in Laos and the Banteay Chhmar temple in Cambodia. The sandstone blocks of the Banteay Chhmar temple are gray to yellowish brown in color and their magnetic susceptibilities and Sr contents are relatively high, similar to the sandstone blocks used in the Angkor monument. In contrast, the Wat Phu temple consists of reddish sandstone blocks with significantly lower magnetic susceptibilities and Sr contents than those used in the Banteay Chhmar temple and Angkor monument. The sandstone blocks of the Banteay Chhmar temple were likely supplied from quarries in Ta Phraya, Thailand, and those of the Wat Phu temple are likely to have been supplied from the area near these temples. The Red Terrane Formation is widely distributed throughout Mainland Indochina, and most of these sandstones show low magnetic susceptibilities and low Sr contents, similar to those of the Wat Phu temple. Sandstone with high magnetic susceptibilities and high Sr contents is found in the sandstone quarries in Ta Phraya and the southeastern foothill of Mt. Kulen, which is the supply source of the sandstone blocks used in the Angkor monument, early buildings of the Bakan monument, and Banteay Chhmar temple. The sandstone with high magnetic susceptibility and high Sr content is distributed in limited areas and implies a weak degree of weathering during the sandstone formation process or a difference in the source rocks.