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In order to guarantee the desired quality of machined products, a reliable surface roughness assessment is essential. Using a surface profile metre with a contact stylus, which can produce accurate measurements of surface profiles, is the most popular technique for determining the surface roughness of machined items. One of the limitations of this technique is the work piece surface degradation brought on by mechanical contact between the stylus and the surface. Hence, in this paper, a roughness assessment technique based on the suggested Taylor-Gorilla troops optimizer-based Deep Neuro-Fuzzy Network (Taylor-GTO based DNFN) is proposed for estimating the surface roughness. Pre-processing, data augmentation, feature extraction, feature fusion, and roughness estimation are the procedures that the suggested technique uses to complete the roughness estimate procedure. Roughness estimation is performed using DNFN that has been trained using Taylor-GTO, which was created by combining the Taylor series with the Gorilla troop's optimizer. The created Taylor-GTO based DNFN model has minimum Mean Absolute Error, Mean Square Error, and RMSE of 0.403, 0.416, and 1.149, respectively.

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Most studies of collective animal behaviour rely on short-term observations, and comparisons of collective behaviour across different species and contexts are rare. We therefore have a limited understanding of intra- and interspecific variation in collective behaviour over time, which is crucial if we are to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape collective behaviour. Here, we study the collective motion of four species: shoals of stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus), flocks of homing pigeons (Columba livia), a herd of goats (Capra aegagrus hircus) and a troop of chacma baboons (Papio ursinus). First, we describe how local patterns (inter-neighbour distances and positions), and group patterns (group shape, speed and polarization) during collective motion differ across each system. Based on these, we place data from each species within a 'swarm space', affording comparisons and generating predictions about the collective motion across species and contexts. We encourage researchers to add their own data to update the 'swarm space' for future comparative work. Second, we investigate intraspecific variation in collective motion over time and provide guidance for researchers on when observations made over different time scales can result in confident inferences regarding species collective motion. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Collective behaviour through time'.

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Objective:To investigate the common disease spectrum of grass-root troops, to provide a basis for meeting the needs for military medical support among officers and soldiers, and to improve targeted training of military general practitioners in grass-root troops.Methods:With reference to International Classification of Diseases (9th edition), a questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate 146 types of diseases among the military doctors in grass-root troops. SPSS 23.0 was used to determine the score of the common degree of each disease, and the mean score of each disease was ranked. At the same time, the Kendell consistency test was used to compare the scores of doctors between different altitudes and troops.Results:Most grass-root military doctors were male graduates aged 20-39 years, among whom 109 (51.90%) did not receive continuing education, and there were 140 doctors (66.67%) belonging to the health company, 11 (5.24%) belonging to the health platoon, 35 (16.67%) belonging to the health clinic, and 24 (11.42%) belonging to the health team. As for the location of the troops, there were 42 doctors (20.00%) in the temperate zone, 56 (26.67%) in the subtropical zone, 57 (27.14%) in the alpine region, 37 (17.62%) in the plains, and 18 (8.57%) on the islands. There were 173 patients with an age of 20-29 years, accounting for 82.38%. The Kendell consistency test showed Kendell's W=0.968 ( χ 2=711.51, P<0.001), suggesting a consistent evaluation of 146 diseases by grass-roots doctors from different altitudes. Conclusion:With reference to the investigation of disease spectrum, it is necessary to formulate characteristic training objectives and contents for the training of military general practitioners, explore the training models and methods for military general practitioners in grass-root troops, promote the construction of military general practitioners during the new military reform, and improve the post competency of military doctors.

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In truck platooning, the leading vehicle is driven manually, and the following vehicles run by autonomous driving, with the short inter-vehicle distance between trucks. To successfully perform platooning in various situations, each truck must maintain dynamic stability, and furthermore, the whole system must maintain string stability. Due to the short front-view range, however, the following vehicles' path planning capabilities become significantly impaired. In addition, in platooning with articulated cargo trucks, the off-tracking phenomenon occurring on a curved road makes it hard for the following vehicle to track the trajectory of the preceding truck. In addition, without knowledge of the global coordinate system, it is difficult to correlate the local coordinate systems that each truck relies on for sensing environment and dynamic signals. In this paper, in order to solve these problems, a path planning algorithm for platooning of articulated cargo trucks has been developed. Using the Kalman filter, V2V (Vehicle-to-Vehicle) communication, and a novel update-and-conversion method, each following vehicle can accurately compute the trajectory of the leading vehicle's front part for using it as a target path. The path planning algorithm of this paper was validated by simulations on severe driving scenarios and by tests on an actual road. The results demonstrated that the algorithm could provide lateral string stability and robustness for truck platooning.

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To promote sustainable development of the hospital,Peking University Cancer Hospital adopted a series of measures to help advance the health professionals,which include a favorable recruiting and training systemsto attract high-level talents,recruit qualified graduates,supporting outstanding young asholars to studying abroad,etc.. These measures have achieved remarkable results,and have in turn greatly promoted the continuous development of medical practice and scientific research work of the hospital.

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The specialized teacher troop is the discipline construction,the development key,the teaching leading force and the personnel training quality guarantee. At present stage the quantity and quality of the specialized public health management teacher staff in our school have gradually become the bottleneck for the career development. Only by sharpening teachers' scientific research ability unceasingly, enhances teachers ' individual accomplishment and the teacher troop's overall quality,improving their work quality,can we adapt to the career devel-opment under the new situation.

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Observations were made on a well-habituated natural troop of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui), living in warm-temperate, lowland forest in Yakushima. Between mid-May and the end of June the macaques feed on the fruit of the evergreen tree Myrica rubra (Myricaceae). The fruit of this species are abundant in some years and scarce in others. Data were compared for two heavy-fruiting years (1988 and 1990) and one poor-fruiting year (1991) to examine the influence of fruit availability on patterns of foraging, ranging, and the frequency of inter-troop encounters. In both heavy-fruiting years M. rubra fruit accounted for a maximum of over 70% of foraging time, compared with a maximum of <5% in the poor-fruiting year. Heavy fruiting was also associated with a marked decrease in the overall time spent foraging. In early May of all three years troop movements were largely confined to northern parts of the home range. By early June of both heavy-fruiting years ranging had shifted to the south-west, and included an area with a high concentration of M. rubra trees. This area was rarely visited at other times, and was not visited during the study period in the poor-fruiting year. The overlap in range-use between the two heavy-fruiting years was significantly greater than that between the heavy-fruiting years and the poor-fruiting year. Heavy fruiting was also associated with an increase in the frequency of inter-troop encounters. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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A wild Japanese macaque troop decreased in size because the birth rate dropped and infant mortality increased. In the 1989 mating season, the last male left the troop, and the remaining two females joined a neighboring troop. Thus, the troop ceased to exist as an independent troop. A lower limit to troop size may exist, below which a troop cannot effectively defend its range, forcing the females to join a larger troop. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Greater intraspecific and intrageneric variability exists in the social organization of platyrrhine primates than has previously been recognized. Although this is most marked and already recognized in the callitrichins, it also appears in many other neotropical species. One area of striking variability is the degree of troop fragmentation. Fission-fusion and cohesion are ends of a continuum of social organizations in which troop fragmentation is greatest among the former and least among the latter. Troop fragmentation appears to be a facultative adjustment to environmental, demographic, and social conditions among New World primates. A hallmark of the non-monogamous platyrrhines, and possibly of all neotropical primates, is flexibility in their social systems, and the occurrence, to a greater or lesser extent, of troop fragmentation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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We compared travel patterns of two neotropical frugivores, Ateles paniscus (black spider monkeys) and Chiropotes satanas (bearded sakis), during a 6-month study at Raleighvallen-Voltzberg Nature Reserve in Surinam. Ateles were typically found in small foraging parties that changed in size and composition throughout the day. Chiropotes troops moved from one feeding area to the next, fragmenting "locally" when they entered an area with more than one feeding tree. Chiropotes moved through fewer half-hectare quadrats before encountering a feeding tree, and were more likely to locate multiple trees per quadrat than were Ateles. Several investigators have suggested that fission-fusion travel patterns (sensu Ateles and Pan) have the potential to reduce feeding competition among troop members. We suggest that even slight modifications in the size and composition of foraging parties, such as "local" temporary troop fragmentation, have the same effect, and may be common among frugivorous primates. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Objective: To investigate the influence of live ammunition maneuver on mental health of soldiers in mobile troop. Method: 428 soldiers in mobile troop participating live ammunition maneuver on plateau were included. 198 soldiers in another troop garrisoned on plateau were collected as control. SCL-90, EPQ and SSRS (social support rating scale) were applied to soldiers in mobile troop before and after ammunition, and also to controls. Results: After ammunition, numbers of positive items and all 9 subscores of SCL-90 increased than before (P

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Short-term associations between primate species offer the opportunity to measure changes in individual behavior and ecology in response to alterations in group size and composition. During a three-month study of associations between squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) and brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) in Manu National Park, Peru, I measured resource use and feeding efficiency for both species when in mixed and solitary troops, as well as the context and outcome of competitive interactions. Saimiri traveled among Cebus home ranges and were periodically led by Cebus to large fruiting and flowering trees. Feeding rates in large fruit trees were altered by the presence of the other species-positively for Cebus, but negatively for Saimiri. Association increased the average diameter of the troop only for Cebus, which could control access to small, concentrated resoures found while the mixed troop moved through the forest. Results of this short-term study suggest that effects of association on resource use differ for the two species, and are related to the size of resources as well as to differences in body size and group size between the species.

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The present situation of automated external defibrillator in inferior troops is analyzed.The shortcomings of current equipment are explained from both the troop itself and outer objective conditions from the aspects including false operation,low efficiency,use limited,etc.The potential prospects are given for the application of automated external defibrillator in inferior troops the inferior troops bring in the automated erternal defibrillator,not only the technical personnel,but also the sergent can operate it,making the warking more effectively.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):72-73]

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Objective: To study the effect of psychological intervention on mental health of sentries in remote post Method:128 sentries in remote post were assessed with SCL-90 and EPQ Psychological intervention included health education focus on mental health and individual psychological help After 6 months, they were assessed with SCL-90 again to evaluate the outcome of intervention Results:Before intervention, the score of SCL-90 and N, P scores of EPQ were higher than military norm, while E score was lower than military norm (P

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Recently captured moustached tamarins (Saguinus mystax) were briefly separated from other members of their troop. Most separated animals emitted long calls that were, in general, similar in acoustic structure to those of sympatric tamarin species while retaining species distinctiveness. Individual differences also appeared in call structure. The long calls of a separated animal were responded to almost entirely by members of the animal's own troop rather than by other troops, and reciprocal calling occurred among troop members significantly more often than expected by chance. Although there was no evidence of troop-specific call structure or dialect, there were troop-specific responses to the calls of separated tamarins. This response implies the existence of a stable and integrated troop structure that allows troop members to learn and to respond to the individual specific features of each troop member's calls.

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We have examined the possibility that prolonged visual contact between future sexual partners, in the absence of any direct sexual contact and mating activity, is sufficient to produce the familiar-female phenomenon and is associated loss of male potency. For 1 year, 32 intact, feral-reared male rhesus monkeys were housed so that 14 males were in constant visual contact with their four future testing females, and 18 of the males were without any visual contact with females. After 1 year, each male was then tested once with each ovariectomized, estrogen-treated female (128 tests). Males in the group having prolonged prior visual contact (group II) were significantly less potent than males without prior visual contact (group I), and this difference was not related to plasma testosterone levels, prior history, time since capture, or presumed age. Group II males had fewer ejaculations during tests and ejaculated with fewer partners, and this appeared to be because they required significantly more stimulation (mounting and thrusting) to reach ejaculation. The data suggested that the familiar-partner phenomenon was not restricted to the male and was associated with increased social affinity and decreased agonistic tension between partners. Under natural conditions, the phenomenon may encourage troop transfers and outbreeding, and in laboratory studies, prior visual contact between testing partners should be regarded as a potentially uncontrolled source of variation.