RESUMEN

Studies are being carried out on achieving the maximum quality of garlic through various approaches. In Bangladesh, new garlic varieties (BARI 1-4, BAU-1, BAU-2, BAU-5) have been recently developed by artificial selection to enhance their quality. The present study aimed to evaluate their potency in terms of bioactive properties and organosulfur compounds content using different bioassay and GC-MS techniques while comparing them with other accessible varieties (Chinese, Indian, Local). The new variety, BARI-3 showed the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. It was also found with the highest level of a potent blood pressure-lowering agent, 2-vinyl-4H-1,3-dithiine (78.15 %), which is never reported in any garlic at this percentage. However, the local variety exhibited greater inhibitory properties against the tested organisms including multidrug-resistant pathogens compared to other varieties. This study primarily shows the potential of these two kinds of garlic for their further utilization and development.

RESUMEN

Plant-based phenolic extracts have gained significant attention in the food industry due to their antimicrobial and health-promoting effects. However, their usage is limited because of poor water solubility and instability during processing. Therefore, encapsulation of phenolics with a suitable carrier system is essential for overcoming these problems and increasing their application in food products. In this study, encapsulated phenolic extracts were used for the first time in vacuum impregnation (VI). For this purpose, different phenolic extracts (cinnamon, turmeric, pomegranate peel) were obtained from the plant source. PPE was selected because it has the highest total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity against Botrytis cinerea. Then, PPE was encapsulated with different emulsifiers (T80, GMO, IN, WPI, and LEC). After the characterization and stability studies were performed, PPE encapsulated with T80 was used to produce a functional strawberry snack by VI technology. The results showed that the diffusion rate of EPPE was significantly increased compared to the control and PPE-VI group. EPPE-enriched strawberries were the preferred snack with high-quality characteristics.

Asunto(s)

Fragaria , Antioxidantes , Fenoles/análisis , Extractos Vegetales , Tecnología , Vacio

RESUMEN

High strength and excellent selectivity are two important aspects of porous cellulose microspheres as adsorbents for protein separation. For this purpose, self-reinforced all-cellulose microspheres (SCMs) with high strength were fabricated using natural cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) as fillers and then immobilized via 3-aminophenylboronic acids as affinity ligands for selective enrichment of glycoproteins. In particular, the inherent stiffness of entrapped CNFs endowed SCMs with more inflexibility, because the stress can be efficiently transferred from the network of SCMs to the stiff CNFs during the separation process. Besides, SCMs, as an all-cellulose material with homogenous surface chemistry and pore structure characteristics, are more suitable as supports for adsorbents. Finally, the SCMs were immobilized with 3-aminophenylboronic acids (BA/EPI-SCMs) and tested their performance in affinity adsorption of glycoproteins. BA/EPI-SCMs showed fast separation, high adsorption amount, and excellent selectivity toward glycoproteins.

Asunto(s)

Celulosa , Nanofibras , Adsorción , Celulosa/química , Glicoproteínas , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Ligandos , Microesferas , Nanofibras/química

RESUMEN

The bioavailability and clinical effect of curcumin (Cur) are greatly restricted due to its physicochemical instability and high hydrophobicity. To overcome the disadvantages, the nanofibers of poly(lactide-glycolide)/chitosan loaded with Cur (PLGA/CS/Cur) was developed here by electrospinning technique for controlled Cur delivery. The incorporated Cur was well-dispersed and maintained crystalline form in PLGA/CS fiber matrix by hydrogen bonding. The incorporation of Cur had no obvious influence on the fiber size and morphology but exerted impacts on thermal stability. At pH 7.4, the release followed Fickian diffusion mechanism; while at pH 2.0, the release followed the coexistence of diffusion and erosion mechanisms. In addition, the amount of Cur released at pH 2.0 was much higher than that at pH 7.4. As a result, the nanofibers demonstrated higher anticancer activity at acidic environment. Therefore, the PLGA/CS/Cur nanofibers may be served as a potential pH responsive vehicle for the controlled drug delivery.

Asunto(s)

Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Quitosano/química , Curcumina/farmacología , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Nanofibras/química , Poliglactina 910/química , Antineoplásicos/química , Curcumina/química , Portadores de Fármacos/química , Liberación de Fármacos , Células HT29 , Humanos , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Interacciones Hidrofóbicas e Hidrofílicas , Cinética

RESUMEN

Preparation and characterization of novel encapsulation system based on calcium alginate hydrogels filled with cumin essential oil has been investigated. Firstly, the effect of sodium alginate concentration, CaCl2 level, hardening time, encapsulation and emulsion fabrication methods was studied on loading capacity of the hydrogels using a Resolution-V fractional factorial design (2 V5-1 FFD), followed by response surface methodology (RSM). At the optimum point, the in-vitro release of phenolic compounds in simulated gastric and intestinal mediums were 96.02 ± 0.96% and 10.65 ± 1.23% after 180 min, respectively. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated a relatively smooth surface with small pore size. Based on SEM images and Fourier-transform infrared spectrums, the cumin essential oil was encapsulated successfully in calcium alginate beads. Thus, calcium alginate hydrogel could be introduced as a promising carrier for encapsulating biochemical active compounds with favorable features.

Asunto(s)

Alginatos/química , Cuminum/química , Hidrogeles/química , Microesferas , Aceites Volátiles/química , Semillas/química

RESUMEN

At present, diabetes and diabetic complications have become one of the serious diseases affecting human health. In this study, the inhibitory effects of Lentinus edodes mycelia polysaccharide (LMP) on α-glucosidase activity, the formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) damage were explored. The interaction between LMP and α-glucosidase and the inhibition against AGEs formation were investigated with spectroscopic techniques. The results revealed that LMP had a reversible inhibition on α-glucosidase activity in a mixed-type manner. When the concentration of LMP was 2.7 mM, the inhibition rate was 34.38 %. LMP quenched the fluorescence of α-glucosidase through the static quenching and formed the LMP-α-glucosidase complex. At 310 K, the number of binding sites (n) and binding constant (Kb) were 1.01 and 3.71 × 104 L mol-1, respectively. In addition, LMP could inhibit the formation of AGEs. Compared with 40 mM glucose treatment group, treatment with 0.05 mM LMP for 48 h increased the cell viability from 70.17% to 91.14% and decreased ROS production from 3.33-fold to 1.21-fold. LMP inhibited high glucose-induced activation of MAPK signaling pathways. These findings may promote the application of LMP in the functional food industry.

Asunto(s)

Mezclas Complejas/farmacología , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/farmacología , Glucosa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Hongos Shiitake/química , alfa-Glucosidasas/genética , Sitios de Unión , Caspasa 3/genética , Caspasa 3/metabolismo , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Mezclas Complejas/aislamiento & purificación , Polisacáridos Fúngicos/aislamiento & purificación , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Glucosa/farmacología , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/antagonistas & inhibidores , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/metabolismo , Productos Finales de Glicación Avanzada/farmacología , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/aislamiento & purificación , Glicosilación/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/citología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/metabolismo , Humanos , Cinética , MAP Quinasa Quinasa 4/genética , MAP Quinasa Quinasa 4/metabolismo , Micelio/química , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Unión Proteica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/antagonistas & inhibidores , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , alfa-Glucosidasas/metabolismo , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/genética , Proteína X Asociada a bcl-2/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Milk is regarded as one of the top food products susceptible to adulteration where its valuable components are specifically identified as high-risk indicators for milk fraud. The current study explores the impact of common milk adulterants on the apparent compositional parameters of milk from the Dutch market as measured by standardized Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. More precisely, it examines the detectability of these adulterants at various concentration levels using the compositional parameters individually, in a univariate manner, and together in a multivariate approach. In this study we used measured boundaries but also more practical variance-adjusted boundaries to set thresholds for detection of adulteration. The potential economic impact of these adulterations under a milk payment scheme is also evaluated. Twenty-four substances were used to produce various categories of milk adulterations, each at four concentration levels. These substances comprised five protein-rich adulterants, five nitrogen-based adulterants, seven carbohydrate-based adulterants, six preservatives and water, resulting in a set of 360 samples to be analysed. The results showed that the addition of protein-rich adulterants, as well as dicyandiamide and melamine, increased the apparent protein content, while the addition of carbohydrate-based adulterants, whey protein isolate, and skimmed milk powder, increased the apparent lactose content. When considering the compositional parameters univariately, especially protein- and nitrogen-based adulterants did not raise a flag of unusual apparent concentrations at lower concentration levels. Addition of preservatives also went unnoticed. The multivariate approach did not improve the level of detection. Regarding the potential profit of milk adulteration, whey protein and corn starch seem particularly interesting. Combining the artificial inflation of valuable components, the resulting potential profit, and the gaps in detection, it appears that the whey protein isolates deserve particular attention when thinking like a criminal.

Asunto(s)

Contaminación de Alimentos , Leche , Animales , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Análisis de Fourier , Lactosa , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier

RESUMEN

In this study, a magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxide coated on graphene oxide nanosheets was synthesized. It was successfully applied as an effective medium for determination of the parabens in human breast milk samples using micro solid phase extraction by packed sorbent (in spinal syringe format) followed by HPLC-UV. Effective parameters were optimized by central composite design. Under the optimal conditions, figures of merit of the developed method were obtained in which the limits of detection were found between 3.0 and 5.0 µg L-1. The calibration plots were linear in the range of 10-1000 µg L-1. Intra- and inter-day RSD% (n = 3) at two concentration levels of 25 and 250 µg L-1 varied between 4.2 and 9.5%. The relative recovery values for the spiked breast milk samples were in the acceptable range of 87.2-104.4%. Accordingly, the proposed method exhibits proper sensitivity, good repeatability, and acceptable applicability for the determination of parabens in complex matrices.

Asunto(s)

Hidróxidos/química , Leche Humana/química , Nanocompuestos , Parabenos/análisis , Aluminio/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Grafito/química , Humanos , Magnesio/química , Extracción en Fase Sólida/métodos , Microextracción en Fase Sólida

RESUMEN

Although coffee beans have been widely studied, application of coffee flower (CF) has not been previously investigated. Here, we evaluated the use of CF for the production of bioactive compounds, melanoidins, and bio-sugars through the green process. Pressurized hot water extraction was found to be the most appropriate method for extracting bioactive compounds from CF, which contain high values of total phenolic content and have antioxidant properties. Caffeine and trigonelline were the main compounds in CF with yields of 1070.8 mg and 1092.8 mg/100 g dry weight (DW), respectively. Melanoidins were also identified and quantified in the CF extracts that is approximately 30.2% were efficiently recovered in the initial extracts of CF. Bio-sugar was also obtained from cellulase and pectinase at a 92.8% conversion rate. The aim of this study is to promote a novel approach using high amounts of CFs in the production of functional healthy foods and beverages.

Asunto(s)

Coffea/química , Flores/química , Fitoquímicos/metabolismo , Polímeros/metabolismo , Azúcares/metabolismo , Alcaloides/análisis , Antioxidantes/análisis , Cafeína/análisis , Carbohidratos/análisis , Fenoles/análisis

RESUMEN

Effects of ripeness (four stages from the lowest to highest degree-I, II, III, and IV) on the physicochemical properties, pectin contents and nanostructure, and drying kinetics of apricots were investigated. The color values (L*, a*, and b*) and total soluble solid content increased during ripening, while the titratable acidity content and hardness decreased. The water-soluble pectin content increased as ripening progressed, but the chelate- and sodium carbonate-soluble pectin contents gradually declined. Atomic force microscopy imaging indicated that the pectin depolymerization occurred during ripening. Fruits at stage III obtained the highest drying rate, and the drying time was reduced by 27.27%, 17.24%, and 7.69% compared to those of stage I, II and IV, respectively. Results showed that the ripeness had significant influence on the drying kinetics, which is related to the modification of physicochemical and pectic properties. The ripeness classification is an essential operation for achieving effective drying process.

RESUMEN

Propolis extract was investigated as potential substitute for sorbate in orangeade. Extract was prepared by using aqueous solution of hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins. Propolis extract was incorporated in non-carbonated orange soft drinks and its antioxidant activity, microbiological stability and color changes were estimated and compared to those of orangeade containing potassium sorbate. l-Ascorbic acid (AsA) degradation at concentrations 0.13 and 1.3% w/w was investigated in the presence of propolis during storage using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Ion Exclusion Column (HPLC-IEC). The results indicate that the rate of degradation decreased with an increase in ascorbic acid concentration, while addition of propolis affected the degradation rate of samples containing a high AsA concentration. The antifungal effect of propolis extract, potassium sorbate and their combination was assayed. Results showed the inhibition of Aspergillus spp. and B. bruxellensis inhibited in low combined concentrations antimicrobials, while Aspergillus spp. and T. macrosporus were inhibited at 450 mg/g propolis extract.

Asunto(s)

Bebidas , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Conservantes de Alimentos/química , Própolis/química , Antiinfecciosos , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antioxidantes/química , Ácido Ascórbico/análisis , Ácido Ascórbico/química , Aspergillus/efectos de los fármacos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Color , Microbiología de Alimentos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Própolis/farmacología , Ácido Sórbico/farmacología

RESUMEN

Yerba mate tea contains various biochemically active substances. However, it can contain toxic metals. Thus, this work reports the total concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb and Al in the commercial products, as well as the concentrations in infusions prepared. The bioaccessibility of these metals in these infusions was determined for the first time by in vitro digestion. For Al, its bioaccessibility was estimated in the presence of other ingredients used in tea consumption. In addition, the concentrations of phenolic compounds in infusions were also determined. All metals studied were detected in the samples ranging from 76 ng g-1 (Cd) to 526 µg g-1 (Al). In general, Cd and Cu were the most bioaccessible metals, while Al was found in a relatively inert form. The addition of sugar and honey in infusions decreased the Al bioaccessibility. The relationship between the phenolic and the leaching of Al for the beverages was observed.

Asunto(s)

Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Ilex paraguariensis/química , Metales/análisis , Tés Medicinales/análisis , Aluminio/análisis , Brasil , Cadmio/análisis , Cobre/análisis , Digestión , Análisis de los Alimentos , Contaminación de Alimentos/análisis , Plomo/análisis

RESUMEN

The study evaluated the optimal condition for roasting sweet potato using response surface methodology. Proximate composition, antioxidant activity, volatile compounds, and water migration of roasted sweet potato were also determined. The results revealed that the optimal roasting condition included a roasting time of 40 min, a roasting temperature of 235 °C, and a roasting speed of 40 rad/min, the reducing sugar and vitamin C of roasted sweet potato obtained under optimal condition was 47.79 g/100 g (DW) and 60.25 mg/100 g (DW), respectively. After roasting, starch, protein and vitamin C content of sweet potato were significantly decreased, while total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were increased. 2-Methyl butanal was the main aromatic compound. Low-field NMR indicated that the proportion of free water increased and relaxation times (T2) were decreased after roast process, indicated that the bound water in sweet potato was diffused from inside to outside, thus the texture became softer.

Asunto(s)

Manipulación de Alimentos/métodos , Ipomoea batatas/química , Aldehídos/análisis , Antioxidantes/análisis , Ácido Ascórbico/análisis , Ácido Ascórbico/química , Fibras de la Dieta/análisis , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Odorantes/análisis , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/química , Almidón/análisis , Almidón/química , Temperatura , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/análisis

RESUMEN

This study aims to investigate the impact of ferulic acid pretreatment on the hardness of Chinese radish after cooking. Radish slices were immersed in ferulic acid solution and distilled water, respectively. The ferulic acid treated samples showed significantly higher hardness (p < 0.05) than the control samples after cooking, and could keep relatively more integrated cell wall structure after cooking at 100 °C for 30 min. Subsequently, we determined the cell wall fraction contents, sugar ratio and molecular weight distribution of different treated samples. Ferulic acid treated groups showed higher percentage of chelate-soluble fraction (CSF) and sugar ratio 1 than the control groups in both fresh and cooked samples. The CSF had two high molecular weight peaks at 7.7 min and 8.6 min, probably due to the cross-linking with ferulic acid. This research may provide an effective way to decrease the softening of thermally processed fruits and vegetables.

Asunto(s)

Culinaria/métodos , Ácidos Cumáricos/química , Raphanus/química , Calor

RESUMEN

The effects of a novel technology utilizing a simultaneous combination of Ultraviolet-C radiation and ultrasound energy postharvest treatment on tomato bioactive compounds during 28 days' storage period was investigated by varying Ultraviolet-C radiation intensities of 639.37 or 897.16 µW/cm2 at a constant ultrasound intensity of 13.87 W/L from a 40 kHz-1 kW transducer. A minimal treatment time of 240 s at Ultraviolet-C dosage of 2.15 kJ/m2 was observed to provoke a considerable increase in bioactive compounds content, proportionated to treatment time. Although treatment led to temperature increase in the system reaching 39.33 °C due to heat generation by ultrasonic cavitation, the extractability and biosynthesis of phytochemicals were enhanced resulting in 90%, 30%, 60%, 20%, and 36% increases in lycopene, total phenols, vitamin C, hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant activities respectively. Results present the potential use of the combined non-thermal technologies as post-harvest treatment to improve bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity during storage.

Asunto(s)

Irradiación de Alimentos/métodos , Almacenamiento de Alimentos/métodos , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Ácido Ascórbico , Almacenamiento de Alimentos/normas , Solanum lycopersicum/efectos de la radiación , Fenoles , Ultrasonido

RESUMEN

Rind biochemical properties play major roles in defence mechanisms against the incidence of rind physiological disorders of citrus fruit during cold storage. Hence, multivariate calibration models were developed to rapidly and non-destructively determine rind biochemical properties of citrus fruit from visible to near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectra acquired by Vis/NIR spectroscopy using partial least square regression algorithm. To achieve optimum models for determination of each rind biochemical property, several mathematical pre-processing methods were explored, including no pre-treatment. However, special emphases were given to the best model statistics in terms of coefficient of determination (R2) and residual predictive deviation (RPD). Models were performed by critical examination of different wavelength ranges (visible, near-infrared and full regions) and combinations of fruit harvested from different production regions and acquired before (week 0) and after (week 9) cold storage. Results obtained showed excellent models for determining parameters such as sucrose (R2 = 0.99 and RPD = 11.42), total flavonoids (R2 = 0.99 and RPD = 12.37), and chlorophyll b (R2 = 0.97 and RPD = 5.67). This study reported the first application of Vis/NIR and chemometrics in determining the rind biochemical properties of 'Marsh' grapefruit rapidly and non-destructively.

Asunto(s)

Clorofila/análisis , Citrus paradisi/química , Flavonoides/análisis , Modelos Teóricos , Espectroscopía Infrarroja Corta/métodos , Sacarosa/análisis , Humedales

RESUMEN

In this study, barley malt rootlets (BMR) were subjected to five different pre-treatments (steaming (220 °C), roasting (60 °C), autoclaving (121 °C), microwaving (160-800 W, 30-120 s) and enzyme treatment). Total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the BMR extracts were evaluated for both free and bound phenolics. The free phenolic content for non-treated extract was 1.8 mg/g of dry weight of BMR with 17.5% of antioxidant activity. Among the pre-treatments, autoclaving exhibited the highest values for free phenolics of 3.8 mg/g of dry weight of BMR and 71.6% of antioxidant activity. Pre-treatments did not show any effect on bound phenolic content, but increased antioxidant activity. The highest %DPPH activity for bound phenolics was observed for microwave treatment (160 W, 120 s) with 49.9%. Overall, pre-treatments significantly increased the free phenolic content of BMR phenolic extracts. Additional research is necessary to understand the phenolic profile and the thermal interactions of bound phenolic extracts.

Asunto(s)

Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Hordeum/química , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Enzimas/metabolismo , Microondas , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/metabolismo , Picratos/química , Temperatura

RESUMEN

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Tragopogon graminifolius (T. graminifolius) from Asteraceae family has been used as a remedy in Persian traditional medicine for the treatment of various disorders such as wound healing. AIM OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this study is to investigate the compounds of T. graminifolius, which are responsible for its wound healing activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The experiment was performed in three phases; each phase consisted of fractionation of extracts followed by scratch assay. The results of the scratch assay were expressed using scratch closure index (SCI), representing the contraction of scratch. RESULTS: In phase I, Ethyl acetate fraction (E) showed the maximum SCI (61.7 ±â€¯3.5) that was selected for more fractionation in the next phase. In phase II, 12 fractions were obtained and labeled as fractions E- A to L, respectively. Based on the SCI of fractions, EF (SCI=68.9 ±â€¯0.6) was the most active fraction in phase II and selected for further fractionation in phase III. In phase III, 8 fractions were resulted by fractionation of EF and labeled as EF- 1-8. Fraction EF5 with the highest SCI (30.8 ±â€¯3.0) was the most effective fraction and Luteolin was the main component. Luteolin significantly improved viability of fibroblast cells and increased cell population that was accompanied by decreased cell apoptosis. Luteolin-induced cell number increase in the S and G2M phases of the cell cycle, further confirms the proliferative effect of this compound. CONCLUSION: The results showed that the total extract and fractions of T. graminifolius stimulate proliferation and migration of skin fibroblast cells and Luteolin is one of the active compounds responsible for these effects.

Asunto(s)

Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Tragopogon , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Fraccionamiento Químico , Irán , Medicina Tradicional , Ratones , Células 3T3 NIH , Fitoquímicos/química , Picratos/química , Extractos Vegetales/química

RESUMEN

The seaweed Cystoseira trinodis was fermented by different fungi prior to extraction of fucoidan and alginate to enhance their antioxidative potential. All the investigated fungi were able to produce fucoidanase (1.05-3.41 U/ml) and alginate lyase (7.27-18.59 U/mL). Different fungal species induced a reduction in the molecular weight (MW) of fucoidan and alginate in comparison to the unfermented control. The MW of fucoidan reduced by 41-81.5%, while the MW of alginate was reduced by 28-75%, depending on the fungal species. Significant increases in the fucose and sulphate contents of fucoidan and mannuronic/guluronic acid ratio of alginate were induced by fungal fermentation. Fungal pretreatment enhanced the ferric reducing antioxidant power, total antioxidant capacity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of both fucoidan and alginate. Additionally, enzymatic pretreatment of the macroalgal biomass assisted in the recovery of fucoidan and alginate with low molecular weight and enhanced antioxidative potential.

Asunto(s)

Ácido Algínico/química , Antioxidantes/análisis , Polisacáridos/química , Algas Marinas/química , Ácido Algínico/metabolismo , Biomasa , Fermentación , Oxidación-Reducción , Algas Marinas/metabolismo

RESUMEN

Acidified water extraction of total anthocyanin content, total phenol content and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity from black soybeans (Glycine max [L.] Merr. Cheongja4ho) was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A five-level, three-factor central composite design was employed to optimize the conditions for the maximum yields of these three components using19 different experiments. The HCl concentration (0.3-0.5%), solid-liquid ratio (1/30-1/50 g/mL) and extraction temperature (30-50 °C) significantly affected three components. The optimized conditions were HCl concentration of 0.359%, solid-liquid ratio of 1/54.2 g/mL and extraction temperature of 56.8 °C for total anthocyanin content (136.68 mg/100 g), total phenol content (1197.09 mg/100 g) and ABTS+ scavenging activity (211.65 mg/100 g). These experimental values fit well with the predicted values. Among three anthocyanins found in the black soybean extracts, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside was the major one (65-73% of the total), followed by petunidin-3-O-glucoside (17-23%) and delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (10-12%).

Asunto(s)

Antocianinas/aislamiento & purificación , Fraccionamiento Químico/métodos , Glycine max/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Agua/química , Antocianinas/química , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/química