RESUMEN
Anti-synthetase syndrome (AS) is a subset of idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) characterized by the presence of anti-aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetase accompanied by myositis, interstitial lung disease and other clinical features. According to a recent multicentric study, 31% of AS patients present skin lesions compatible with dermatomyositis, but sclerodermiform features are rare. Therefore, we aimed to report the case of a patient with simultaneous diagnosis of AS, deep morphea, vasculitic neuropathy, and myelodysplastic syndrome and review the current literature regarding these uncommon associations. A 57 year old man with axial and symmetrical proximal muscle weakness, skin thickening and B symptoms, later diagnosed with PL7 + AS, deep morphea, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and vasculitic neuropathy documented by histopathologic studies and immunologic assessments. Since both AS and deep morphea share the vasculopathic changes and type II interferon-induced inflammation, we hypothesize that they may share pathogenic mechanisms. The muscle biopsy of the patient was consistent with AS and showed focal neutrophil infiltration. The patient received intensive immunosuppressive therapy for AS and vasculitic neuropathy, with high dose steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and rituximab. Nonetheless, he suffered an unfavorable evolution with a fatal outcome due to septic shock. Albeit sclerodermiform features are rare in patients with AS, we propose a pathogenic link among AS, deep morphea and the autoimmune/autoinflammatory signs of MDS. The vasculopathic changes along with the activation of the innate and adaptive immune system leading to the production of proinflammatory cytokines may have been one of the contributing factors for the coexisting diagnosis of the patient.
Asunto(s)
Síndromes Mielodisplásicos , Miositis , Esclerodermia Localizada , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Miositis/inmunología , Miositis/tratamiento farmacológico , Miositis/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Localizada/tratamiento farmacológico , Esclerodermia Localizada/inmunología , Esclerodermia Localizada/patología , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/complicaciones , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/inmunología , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/tratamiento farmacológico , Síndromes Mielodisplásicos/diagnóstico , Resultado Fatal , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Autoanticuerpos/sangre , Aminoacil-ARNt Sintetasas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Detection of activity in morphea is paramount for adequately managing the disease. Subclinical ultrasound involvement on inactive lesions or healthy skin areas adjacent to morphea has not been described to date. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to detect morphea's subclinical activity by Color Doppler ultrasound not identified with the clinical scorings. MATERIALS & METHODS: This cross-sectional retrospective study was done from January 2014 to July 2019 in patients with a clinicopathological diagnosis of morphea. The modified Localized Scleroderma Skin Severity Index (mLoSSI) and The Ultrasound Morphea Activity Score (US-MAS) were used to correlate clinical and subclinical activity. RESULTS: A total of 36 patients met the inclusion criteria. 54% of cases presented subclinical activity in areas adjacent to the clinically active lesion, 23% in nonadjacent regions, and 23% demonstrated activity at a clinically inactive lesion site.100% of patients with morphea "en coup de sabre" involving the frontal region of the face concomitantly presented both subclinical activities of morphea on the frontal facial region and the scalp following the same axis.A positive relationship was observed between the degree of clinical activity measured by mLoSSI and US-MAS scoring.The main limitations of our study were the low number of patients and the inability to detect alterations < 0.1 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Subclinical activity is frequent in morphea, can extend beyond the lesional areas, including apparently noninvolved adjacent and distant corporal regions, and can be detected by color Doppler ultrasound.
Asunto(s)
Esclerodermia Localizada , Humanos , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerodermia Localizada/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios Transversales , Piel/patología , Ultrasonografía Doppler en ColorRESUMEN
Morphea, an autoimmune connective tissue disease that affects the skin, can be supported by color Doppler ultrasound in its diagnosis and assessment of activity. To date, there are no reliable laboratory parameters to track activity, and ultrasound presents a higher axial spatial resolution than magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, which is critical for studying the superficial layers. The quality of the ultrasonographic assessment of activity in morphea depends on the standardization and features of the acquisition of the anatomical data. We propose a detailed ultrasound morphea activity scoring called modified US-MAS (mUS-MAS) that could allow us to systematically register the cutaneous abnormalities in the corporal regions and their subregions. The selection of the scanning sites will depend on the corporal regions of involvement and their adjacent segments. Through systematic and sequential ultrasound data analysis, we propose that this scoring system can better support description and activity tracking accuracy.
Asunto(s)
Esclerodermia Localizada , Animales , Ratones , Humanos , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico por imagen , Piel , Ultrasonografía , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
The advances in dermatologic ultrasound have been significantly influenced by the development of high- and ultrahigh-frequency probes, the provision of guidelines for performing the examinations, and a growing number of publications in the field. This review analyzes the most significant contributions that have impacted the daily practice of dermatologists in recent years. This includes the advances in anatomical detection and the patterns of benign and malignant cutaneous tumors, inflammatory dermatologic conditions, vascular anomalies, nail abnormalities, and aesthetic procedures. The knowledge of these advances is a primer for the operators of these examinations.
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Neoplasias Cutáneas , Enfermedades Vasculares , Humanos , Ultrasonografía , Examen FísicoRESUMEN
Localized scleroderma (LS) is a rare fibrosing disorder of skin and underlying tissues. Although it can affect all races, it has a higher prevalence in whites. Deep LS is the least common among seven LS variants, representing less than 5% of cases, and typically affects areas of pressure such as the hips and waist. We report a unique clinical case of bilateral lower extremity deep LS in a 51-year-old Puerto Rican woman with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In patients with CKD, it is important to distinguish LS from nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). Both can present with skin fibrosis and contractures over joints yet have significantly differing treatment approaches and prognosis. Our case report is unique due to the patient's Puerto Rican ethnicity, CKD history, and isolated anterior lower extremity involvement. In this report, we highlight key clinical and histopathological findings of LS, and how they differ from that of NSF.
Asunto(s)
Dermopatía Fibrosante Nefrogénica , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica , Esclerodermia Localizada , Enfermedades de la Piel , Medios de Contraste , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Gadolinio , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Dermopatía Fibrosante Nefrogénica/etiología , Dermopatía Fibrosante Nefrogénica/patología , Dermopatía Fibrosante Nefrogénica/terapia , Insuficiencia Renal Crónica/complicaciones , Esclerodermia Localizada/complicacionesRESUMEN
La morfea lineal en golpe de sable es una entidad dermatológica caracterizada por la inflamación esclerosante y progresiva del tejido cutáneo en la región frontal y/o en el cuero cabelludo. La cefalea y las crisis convulsivas son dos de los síntomas extracutáneos más frecuentes y están causados por el crecimiento subyacente de la lesión. Es importante un diagnóstico temprano para frenar la progresión e intentar evitar las complicaciones secundarias, principalmente neurológicas. El diagnóstico se basa en el cuadro clínico y el estudio histológico, que permite la confirmación definitiva. El tratamiento de elección es la terapia combinada con corticoides orales y metotrexato. Aun con el tratamiento farmacológico adecuado, esta patología puede presentar un curso recidivante y dejar secuelas a largo plazo. Se presenta el caso de una niña en quien se realizó un diagnóstico rápido de esta enfermedad, a pesar de un cuadro clínico inespecífico. Fue tratada con metotrexato oral con buena respuesta, sin efectos secundarios.
Linear morphea in coup de sabre is a dermatological entity characterized by progressive, sclerosing inflammation of the skin tissue in the frontal region and on the scalp. Headache and seizures are two of the most frequent extracutaneous symptoms and they are caused by the growth of the lesion towards underlying structures. An early diagnosis is important to stop cranial progression and try to avoid secondary complications, mainly neurological. The diagnosis is relied on compatible clinical signs and a pathological study that allows a definitive confirmation. The treatment of choice is combination therapy with oral corticosteroids and methotrexate. Despite an adequate pharmacological treatment, this pathology can present a recurrent course and cause long-term sequelae. We present the case of a girl who was diagnosed quickly, despite a not very noticeable symptoms. She has been treated with oral methotrexate with a good response, without side effect
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Niño , Esclerodermia Localizada/complicaciones , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Localizada/tratamiento farmacológico , Metotrexato , Progresión de la Enfermedad , CefaleaRESUMEN
Linear morphea in coup de sabre is a dermatological entity characterized by progressive, sclerosing inflammation of the skin tissue in the frontal region and on the scalp. Headache and seizures are two of the most frequent extracutaneous symptoms and they are caused by the growth of the lesion towards underlying structures. An early diagnosis is important to stop cranial progression and try to avoid secondary complications, mainly neurological. The diagnosis is relied on Morfea lineal en golpe de sable: a propósito de un caso Linear morphea in saber coup: about a case compatible clinical signs and a pathological study that allows a definitive confirmation. The treatment of choice is combination therapy with oral corticosteroids and methotrexate. Despite an adequate pharmacological treatment, this pathology can present a recurrent course and cause long-term sequelae. We present the case of a girl who was diagnosed quickly, despite a not very noticeable symptoms. She has been treated with oral methotrexate with a good response, without side effects.
La morfea lineal en golpe de sable es una entidad dermatológica caracterizada por la inflamación esclerosante y progresiva del tejido cutáneo en la región frontal y/o en el cuero cabelludo. La cefalea y las crisis convulsivas son dos de los síntomas extracutáneos más frecuentes y están causados por el crecimiento subyacente de la lesión. Es importante un diagnóstico temprano para frenar la progresión e intentar evitar las complicaciones secundarias, principalmente neurológicas. El diagnóstico se basa en el cuadro clínico y el estudio histológico, que permite la confirmación definitiva. El tratamiento de elección es la terapia combinada con corticoides orales y metotrexato. Aun con el tratamiento farmacológico adecuado, esta patología puede presentar un curso recidivante y dejar secuelas a largo plazo. Se presenta el caso de una niña en quien se realizó un diagnóstico rápido de esta enfermedad, a pesar de un cuadro clínico inespecífico. Fue tratada con metotrexato oral con buena respuesta, sin efectos secundarios.
Asunto(s)
Esclerodermia Localizada , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Cefalea , Humanos , Metotrexato , Esclerodermia Localizada/complicaciones , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Localizada/tratamiento farmacológico , PielRESUMEN
Morphea and facial capillary malformations (port-wine stains) are distinct conditions that can affect the pediatric population. Early localized morphea mimicking a capillary malformation is an uncommon clinical presentation. We present two new cases of girls, aged 2 and 3 years, who presented with erythematous patches, initially diagnosed as capillary malformations, which were later diagnosed as morphea. We also performed a literature review, yielding 12 additional cases that underscore that the unusual presentation of morphea may delay correct diagnosis. Although early management of morphea reduces long-term sequelae, it is important to delay laser treatment for selected acquired vascular malformations, until the diagnosis of morphea is excluded.
Asunto(s)
Anomalías Musculoesqueléticas , Mancha Vino de Oporto , Esclerodermia Localizada , Malformaciones Vasculares , Capilares/anomalías , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Mancha Vino de Oporto/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Localizada/epidemiología , Malformaciones Vasculares/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Liposuction is a common aesthetic procedure; however, to date, liposuction has not been linked to morphea. The aim was to review cases with a history of liposuction that presented active morphea lesions in the same surgery regions and were confirmed by ultrasound and histology. A retrospective descriptive analysis of the clinical, ultrasonographic, and pathology database took place (2014-2020). Eleven patients met the criteria. Ultrasound supported the diagnosis, and the ultrasonographic signs of activity in these cases matched the features described in the literature in 100% of cases. In summary, morphea may appear after liposuction and ultrasound can support its early detection.
Asunto(s)
Lipectomía , Esclerodermia Localizada , Bases de Datos Factuales , Humanos , Lipectomía/efectos adversos , Lipectomía/métodos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico por imagen , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Morphea, a localized form of scleroderma, is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the skin. Color Doppler Ultrasound has been reported as a reliable tool to assess the activity of the disease. With histologically confirmed cases, this case series describes a new ultrasound sign consisting of a hyperechoic halo surrounding superficial subcutaneous veins of the extremities in transverse view, named the sun sign. This sign can help diagnose morphea in the inflammatory phase and correlate in pathology with perivascular infiltrates surrounding superficial subcutaneous veins.
Asunto(s)
Esclerodermia Localizada , Enfermedad Crónica , Humanos , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerodermia Localizada/patología , Piel/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía , Ultrasonografía Doppler en ColorRESUMEN
La morfea ampollar es un tipo enfrecente de esclerodermia localizada que se caracteriza por presentar ampollas sobre placas escleróticas. La presencia de este tipo de lesiones obliga a descartar la variante extraenital de liquen esclerodemias localizadas, es posible hallar ambas afecciones. Se describe el caso de una paciente de 19 años con diagnóstico de morfea panesclerótica y liquen escleroso ampollar.
Bollous morphea is an infreqent type of morphea characterized for developing bullae on sclerodermiformic plaques. The presence of bullae forces to discard lichen sclerosus, a disease that usually develops in the genital zone, the extragenital variant could belong to the same spectrum that localized sclerodermiformic diseases. We present a 19 year old female patient with the diagnosis of panesclerotic morphea and bullous lichen sclerosus.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Adulto Joven , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Liquen Escleroso y Atrófico/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Localizada/patología , Piel/patología , Enfermedades Cutáneas Vesiculoampollosas/diagnóstico , Tacrolimus/administración & dosificación , Liquen Escleroso y Atrófico/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácido Micofenólico/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
La morfea superficial es una variante rara de morfea que se distingue de la clásica tanto en la clínica como en la histopatología. Se caracteriza por máculas hipopigmentadas o hiperpigmentadas, con mínima o ninguna induración, sin síntomas asociados, contractura ni atrofia. En la histopatología, se observa un compromiso limitado a las fibras colágenas en la dermis reticular superficial. Se comunica el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de morfea superficial tratada con fototerapia ultravioleta B y metotrexato.
Superficial morphea is a rare variant of morphea that is distinguished from the classic variant both clinically and histopathologically. It is characterized by hypo or hyperpigmented patches with minimal to no induration, without associated symptoms, without contracture or atrophy. At the histopathological level, a limited involvement of collagen fibers is observed at the level of the uperficial reticular dermis. The case of a patient with superficial morphea treated with ultraviolet B phototherapy and methotrexate is presented.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fototerapia/métodos , Esclerodermia Localizada/terapia , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Localizada/tratamiento farmacológico , Metotrexato/administración & dosificación , Dermis/patología , Ácido Fólico/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of methotrexate (MTX), a first-line treatment for localised scleroderma (morphea), has not been assessed using colour Doppler ultrasonography (CDU). OBJECTIVES: We aimed to ultrasonographically monitor disease activity in patients with morphea treated with MTX, assessing its effectiveness using an Ultrasound Morphea Activity Score (US-MAS). MATERIALS & METHODS: A retrospective cohort of 22 patients was studied between July 2014 and July 2019. The morphea of each patient, treated with MTX, was confirmed by histology and all patients had at least two CDU examinations. The US-MAS is based on published ultrasound signs of disease activity validated by histology. A weight-adjusted average MTX dose (mg/kg/wk) was used to standardize dosage, weight, and time between CDU examinations. The difference in US-MAS between two CDU examinations was determined. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon and Fisher exact tests, the Spearman correlation coefficient, and risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. To create two groups, we determined the median of the sample as the cut-off point for MTX dose (0.265 mg/kg/week). Significance was set at p≤0.05; Results: In all cases, CDU examinations showed subclinical signs of activity beyond the visible lesional borders, either in the same or adjacent corporal segments. A negative correlation was found between the change in US-MAS and MTX dose (Spearman coefficient, -0.45; p = 0.035). The group dosed at ≥0.265 mg/kg/wk showed a non-significant change in US-MAS (2-point decrease). No case became inactive. CONCLUSION: MTX is a treatment with a low effectiveness for morphea, causing only slight decreases in ultrasound activity at higher doses.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapéutico , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Metotrexato/uso terapéutico , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico por imagen , Esclerodermia Localizada/tratamiento farmacológico , Ultrasonografía Doppler en Color , Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Fármacos Dermatológicos/administración & dosificación , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunosupresores/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Metotrexato/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Esclerodermia Localizada/patología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCCIÓN: La esclerodermia localizada o morfea corresponde a una patología idiopática autoinmune que produce cambios escleróticos subcutáneos, que presenta diferencias con respecto a la esclerosis sistémica o esclerodermia. Un tipo de morfea lineal es la morfea "En Coup de Sabre" que consiste en la contracción y rigidez de la piel que culmina con una depresión de parte de la mitad del rostro, que puede asociarse a síntomas oftalmológicos y neurológicos. Aquí se describe un caso en un hombre joven con este tipo de morfea lineal. PRESENTACIÓN DEL CASO: Hombre de 23 años presenta lesión cutánea de morfología triangular en región frontal izquierda, por lo que decide consultar a dermatología, dónde se maneja con corticoides tópicos. Dos años después, la lesión sigue creciendo y se asocia a cefalea occipital, sin otros síntomas sistémicos. Se decide estudiar con biopsia, ecografía de cuero cabelludo y resonancia nuclear magnética (RNM) cerebral con gadolinio. Se diagnostica morfea en coup de sabre e indica tratamiento inmunosupresor. DISCUSIÓN: Dado que la Morfea en Coup de Sabre es una patología que compromete el rostro, es relevante realizar una derivación al oftalmólogo para evaluación de compromiso ocular y realizar una RNM para evaluación neurológica, en este caso ambos estudios resultaron negativos. El estudio serológico no es siempre necesario y debemos ser cautelosos en el uso de esta herramienta. Cuando existen dudas diagnósticas, se puede recurrir a una biopsia del tejido comprometido, la que debe incluir grasa subcutánea. La biopsia también ayuda para ver el grado de compromiso cutáneo que presenta el paciente. Con respecto al manejo, los corticoides tópicos son la elección para el manejo de lesiones agudas. El Metotrexato ha demostrado ser útil en lesiones agudas y profundas, asociado o no a corticoides.
INTRODUCTION: Localized scleroderma or morphea is an idiopathic autoimmune disorder that causes subcutaneous sclerotic changes and is different from systemic sclerosis or scleroderma. The morphea in "coup de Sabre" is a subtype of linear morphea that usually involves the forehead and scalp causing contraction and stiffness of the skin that culminates in a depression and that may be associated with ocular and neurological symptoms. We present a case of a young male patient with morphea in coup de sabre. CASE PRESENTATION: A 23 years old male patient presents with a skin lesion of triangular morphology in the left-frontal region. He was initially treated with topical corticosteroids, but had persistent growing of the skin lesion associated with new onset occipital headache. Ultrasound of the lesion as well as skin biopsy were performed confirming morphea in coup de sabre. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium was normal. Inmunosuppresive tratment was started. DISCUSSION: Morphea in Coup de sabre is an rare disease. It is more frequent in women and children. Because it involves the deep tissues of the face and forehead, it is relevant to rule out any ocular or neurological involvement. The serological study is usually not necessary and results are of uncertain interpretation. When the diagnosis is unclear, a biopsy of the compromised tissue may help to identify inflammation and/or atrophy and to evaluate the degree of activity of the lesion. Ultrasound is also an useful tool for evaluation of the activity of the skin lesion, comparable to biopsy. Regarding treatment, topical corticosteroids are the first line therapy for acute lesions. Methotrexate has proven to be useful in deeper active lesions, with or without corticosteroids. Finally, there is an important asociation between this type of lineal morphea and progressive hemifacial atrophy (Parry Romberg syndome), which may involve the brain and needs to be referred to the specialist as soon as possible.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Localizada/terapia , Examen Físico , Biopsia , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , UltrasonografíaRESUMEN
Introducción: La hemiatrofia facial progresiva (HFP) o síndrome de Parry-Romberg y la morfea en golpe de sable (MGS) forman parte de las morfeas lineales cefálicas. Son enfermedades inflamatorias crónicas de la piel y tejidos subyacentes, que se caracterizan por esclerosis y atrofia cutánea. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas, manifestaciones asociadas, histología, laboratorio, estudios complementarios y tratamientos instaurados. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Materiales y métodos: Se revisaron las historias clínicas de pacientes con morfea evaluados en el Sector Colagenopatías desde julio de 2010 hasta diciembre de 2016. Resultados: De 56 pacientes, 11 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión, 7 con diagnóstico de HFP, 2 con MGS y 2 con ambas patologías. El 64% fueron mujeres. Las manifestaciones extracutáneas se presentaron en el 64% de los casos. El tratamiento utilizado en todos los pacientes fue el metotrexato, asociado o no, al uso de corticosteroides sistémicos. Conclusiones: La mayoría de nuestros resultados concuerdan con la bibliografía consultada, excepto las manifestaciones asociadas. Destacamos el tratamiento asociado de metotrexato y pulsos de corticosteroides intravenosos con resultados satisfactorios y bien tolerado. (AU)
Introduction: Progressive facial hemiatrophy (PFH) or Parry-Romberg Syndrome and morphea en coup de sabre are cephalic linear morpheas. They are chronics inflammatories diseases of the skin and underlying tissues, characterized by cutaneous atrophy and sclerosis. Objectives: To describe clinical features, associated extracutaneous manifestations, histological and laboratory findings, imaging and diagnostic modalities and treatments established in patients with diagnosis of HFP, MGS, or both, evaluated in our Department. Design: Retrospective descriptive study. Materials and methods: We included medical histories of patients diagnosed with morphea evaluated in Collagenopathy Sector from July 2010 up to December 2016. Results: Of 56 patients, 11 met the inclusion criteria, 7 with diagnosis of PFH, 2 with morphea en coup de sabre and 2 with both pathologies. 64% were women. 64% showed extracutaneous manifestations. The treatment used in all of the patients was methotrexate, associated or not, with the use of systemic corticosteroids. Conclusions: Most of our results agree with the bibliography consulted, with the exception of the associated manifestations. We emphasize the associated treatment of methotrexate and intravenous corticosteroid pulses with satisfactory results and well tolerated. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Hemiatrofia Facial/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Localizada/complicaciones , Esclerodermia Localizada/tratamiento farmacológico , Metotrexato/uso terapéutico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapéutico , Hemiatrofia Facial/complicaciones , Hemiatrofia Facial/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Morphea, or localized scleroderma, is a rare disease of the connective tissue that manifests itself with localized sclerosis of the skin and, in some cases, with extracutaneous manifestations. Its etiology is not fully understood, but it is believed that there is genetic predisposition, in addition to environmental triggering factors. Classification of the disease is not simple due to its multiple presentations; however, it is useful in order to define the treatment, which should be individualized and started early to avoid cosmetic and functional complications. In this review, we summarize the most important practical aspects of the classification, diagnostic methods and evaluation of morphea activity, as well as available therapeutic options, with an emphasis on existing clinical evidence regarding their efficacy and safety.
La morfea o esclerodermia localizada es una enfermedad poco común del tejido conectivo que se manifiesta con esclerosis localizada de la piel y, en algunos casos, con lesiones extracutáneas. Su etiología no se comprende por completo, pero se cree que hay predisposición genética, además de factores ambientales desencadenantes. La clasificación de la enfermedad no es sencilla debido a las múltiples presentaciones, sin embargo, es útil para definir el tratamiento, el cual debe individualizarse e iniciarse tempranamente para evitar complicaciones cosméticas y funcionales. En esta revisión resumimos los aspectos prácticos más importantes de la clasificación, métodos diagnósticos y de evaluación de actividad en morfea, así como las opciones terapéuticas disponibles, con énfasis en la evidencia clínica existente respecto a su eficacia y seguridad.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades Raras , Esclerodermia Localizada , Interacción Gen-Ambiente , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Enfermedades Raras/clasificación , Enfermedades Raras/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Raras/patología , Enfermedades Raras/terapia , Esclerodermia Localizada/clasificación , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Localizada/patología , Esclerodermia Localizada/terapiaRESUMEN
Morphea, or localized scleroderma, is a rare disease of the connective tissue that manifests itself with localized sclerosis of the skin and, in some cases, with extracutaneous manifestations. Its etiology is not fully understood, but it is believed that there is genetic predisposition, in addition to environmental triggering factors. Classification of the disease is not simple due to its multiple presentations; however, it is useful in order to define the treatment, which should be individualized and started early to avoid cosmetic and functional complications. In this review, we summarize the most important practical aspects of the classification, diagnostic methods and evaluation of morphea activity, as well as available therapeutic options, with an emphasis on existing clinical evidence regarding their efficacy and safety.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Esclerodermia Localizada/clasificación , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Esclerodermia Localizada/etiología , Esclerodermia Localizada/terapia , Fototerapia/métodos , Pronóstico , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Factores Sexuales , Terapia por Ejercicio , InmunosupresoresRESUMEN
Resumen: Introducción: La esclerodermia localizada es la forma de presentación de esclerosis más frecuente en niños; tiene una incidencia de 2.7 por cada 100,000 habitantes, con predilección por la raza caucásica y el sexo femenino con relación de 2.4 a 4.1 por cada varón. El común denominador es la afección a nivel de tejido conectivo, genera una variedad de presentación clínica que va desde placas escleróticas localizadas circunscritas que afectan la piel hasta afecciones más profundas que atacan al tejido muscular y óseo, dejando secuelas estéticas y/o deformidades incapacitantes en el paciente. Objetivo: Presentación de caso y su manejo quirúrgico. Los datos expuestos se obtuvieron del expediente clínico físico y electrónico, entrevista directa con paciente y familiares y seguimiento y valoración de estudios radiográficos, desde Enero de 2012 hasta Noviembre de 2017. Discusión: El tratamiento quirúrgico está indicado cuando las deformidades y contracturas condicionan incapacidad en el paciente. Los mejores resultados se obtendrán una vez que la enfermedad haya dejado de progresar.
Abstract: Introduction: Localized scleroderma is the most common form of sclerosis in children; it has an incidence of 2.7 per 100,000 inhabitants, with a predilection for the Caucasian and female races of 2.4 to 4.1 per male. The common denominator is the connective tissue-level condition, causing a variety of clinical presentation ranging from localized sclerotic circumscribed plaques affecting the skin, to deeper conditions that attack muscle and bone tissue, leaving aesthetic consequences and/or disabling deformities in the patient. Objective: Case presentation and surgical management. The data presented were obtained from the physical and electronic clinical record, direct interview with patients and family members and monitoring and evaluation of radiographic studies, from January 2012 to November 2017. Discussion: Surgical treatment is indicated when deformities and contractures condition incapacity in the patient. The best results will be obtained once the disease has stopped progressing.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Niño , Esclerodermia Localizada/cirugía , Esclerodermia Localizada/diagnóstico , Procedimientos Ortopédicos/métodos , Examen Físico , Progresión de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
La morfea profunda solitaria es una forma infrecuente de morfea localizada en la infancia. Se caracteriza clínicamente por la presencia de un área indurada, mal delimitada y asintomática, de localización paraespinal, que no tiende a la progresión ni se asocia con manifestaciones sistémicas. Histológicamente, muestra un engrasamiento e hialinización de las fibras de colágeno dérmico, junto con infiltrados de predominio linfohistiocitario en la dermis reticular y la hipodermis. Se presenta a una paciente de 7 años con una lesión solitaria en la región dorsal media izquierda, cuyos hallazgos clínicos, ecográficos e histológicos fueron compatibles con el diagnóstico de una morfea profunda solitaria.
Solitary morphea profunda is an unusual form of localized scleroderma in childhood. It is characterized by a single, poorly defined and indurate plaque often located on the upper trunk near the spine. Solitary morphea profunda is frequently asymptomatic and shows no associated systemic involvement. Histological examination reveals dense sclerosis of collagen and a marked lymphocytic infiltrate in the reticular dermis and subcutis. We report a 7-year-old girl with a solitary asymptomatic and sclerotic plaque on the back. Clinical, ultrasonographic and histological features were consistent with solitary morphea profunda.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Niño , Pediatría , Esclerodermia Localizada , Ultrasonografía , ColágenoRESUMEN
Solitary morphea profunda is an unusual form of localized scleroderma in childhood. It is characterized by a single, poorly defined and indurate plaque often located on the upper trunk near the spine. Solitary morphea profunda is frequently asymptomatic and shows no associated systemic involvement. Histological examination reveals dense sclerosis of collagen and a marked lymphocytic infiltrate in the reticular dermis and subcutis. We report a 7-year-old girl with a solitary asymptomatic and sclerotic plaque on the back. Clinical, ultrasonographic and histological features were consistent with solitary morphea profunda.
La morfea profunda solitaria es una forma infrecuente de morfea localizada en la infancia. Se caracteriza clínicamente por la presencia de un área indurada, mal delimitada y asintomática, de localización paraespinal, que no tiende a la progresión ni se asocia con manifestaciones sistémicas. Histológicamente, muestra un engrasamiento e hialinización de las fibras de colágeno dérmico, junto con infiltrados de predominio linfohistiocitario en la dermis reticular y la hipodermis. Se presenta a una paciente de 7 años con una lesión solitaria en la región dorsal media izquierda, cuyos hallazgos clínicos, ecográficos e histológicos fueron compatibles con el diagnóstico de una morfea profunda solitaria.