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Eleven monoterpene glucosides were isolated from a water decoction of Monochasma savatieri by column chromatography over macroporous adsorbent resin, MCI resin, Sephadex LH-20, and HW-40C, combined with preparative TLC, reversed phase HPLC, and flash column chromatographic techniques. Their structures were elucidated by comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, along with acidic and enzymatic hydrolysis as well as electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and NMR calculations, including six new compounds (1-4, 7 and 8), named monochasides A-D, G and H, respectively. Comparing the reported data of 9-hydroxylinaloyl 3-O-β-D-glucoside (5), (6Z)-9-hydroxylinaloyl 3-O-β-D-glucoside (6), and kankanoside D1 (9) with those obtained in this study, the absolute configurations of 6 and 9 were proved for the first time. Other two compounds were identified as 8-hydroxygeraniol 1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10) and 8-hydroxygeraniol 8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11), respectively.

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Two new monoterpene glucosides: xanmonoter A (1) and xanmonoter B (2) were isolated from Xanthium strumarium. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR, MS and CD analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity with IC50 values of 17.4, 22.1 µM, respectively.

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In order to identify the endophytic fungus MD76 and isolate its secondary metabolite. METHODS: The identification of strain MD76 is based on morphological characteristics and sequence alignment analysis of 18s rDNA ITS, the secondary metabolites were isolated by chromatography technology; and their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. RESULTS: The strain MD76 was identified as Phyllosticta capitalensis; and seven compounds were gained, including benzoic acid(1), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid(2), 4-hydroxybenzene propanoic acid(3), paeoniflorin(4), oxypaeoniflorin(5), gallic acid(6), apigenin(7). CONCLUSION: The endophytic fungus P. capitalensis was gained firstly from Paeonia suffruticosa and seven compounds were isolated from P. capitalensis for the first time.

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This study arises from both the today's trend towards exploiting plant resources exhaustively, and the wide quantitative discrepancy between the amounts of commercially-valuable markers in aromatic plants and those recovered from the related essential oil. The study addresses the determination of both the qualitative composition and the exhaustive distribution of free and glucosidically-bound L-menthol in peppermint aerial parts (Mentha x piperita L., Lamiaceae) and of eugenol in dried cloves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & L.M.Perry, Myrtaceae), two plants known to provide widely ranging essential oil yields. The two markers were investigated in essential oils and residual hydrodistillation waters, before and after enzymatic hydrolysis. Their amounts were related to those in the headspace taken as reference. The results showed that the difference between marker compound in headspace and in essential oil amounted to 22.8% for L-menthol in peppermint, and 16.5% for eugenol in cloves. The aglycones solubilised in the residual hydrodistillation waters were 7.2% of the headspace reference amount for L-menthol, and 13.3% for eugenol, respectively representing 9.3% and 15.9% of their amounts in the essential oil. The amount of L-menthol from its glucoside in residual hydrodistillation waters was 20.6% of that in the related essential oil, while eugenol from its glucoside accounted for 7.7% of the amount in clove essential oil. The yield of L-menthol, after submitting the plant material to enzymatic hydrolysis before hydrodistillation, increased by 23.1%, and for eugenol the increase was 8.1%, compared to the amount in the respective conventional essential oils. This study also aimed to evaluate the reliability of recently-introduced techniques that are little applied, if at all, in this field. The simultaneous use of high-concentration-capacity sample preparation techniques (SBSE, and HS-SPME and in-solution SPME) to run quali-quantitative analysis without sample manipulation, and direct LC-MS glucoside analysis, provided cross-validation of the results.

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A liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of seven constituents including puerarin, daidzin, daidzein, paeoniflorin, albiflorin, liquiritin and liquiritigenin in rat plasma using schisandrin as the internal standard (IS). The plasma samples were pretreated by a one-step direct protein precipitation with acetonitrile. The chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column with a gradient mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (containing 0.1% formic acid and 5mM ammonium acetate). All analytes and IS were quantitated through electrospray ionization in positive ion multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The mass transitions were as follows: m/z 417.5→297.2 for puerarin, m/z 417.1→255.2 for daidzin, m/z 255.2→152.4 for daidzein, m/z 498.1→179.3 for paeoniflorin, m/z 481.1→197.3 for albiflorin, m/z 436.2→257.3 for liquiritin, m/z 257.2→137.3 for liquiritigenin and m/z 415.0→384.2 for IS, respectively. All calibration curves exhibited good linearity (r>0.9979) over a wide concentration range for all components. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) at three different levels were both less than 14.3% and the accuracies (RE) ranged from -13.2% to 14.8%. The extraction recoveries of the seven compounds ranged from 72.9% to 117.4%. The validated method was successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of the seven components in female rat plasma after oral administration of Ge-Gen Decoction aqueous extract.

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A specific HPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of ten constituents including albiflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, paeoniflorin, liquiritin, isoliquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin, ononin, glycyrrhizin and glycyrrhetinic acid in rat plasma using genistein as an internal standard (IS). The rat plasma samples were prepared by a one-step direct protein precipitation procedure with methanol. HPLC separation was achieved on a Zorbax XDB-C18 column (2.1mm×50mm i.d., 3.5µm) with gradient elution (A: 0.1% aqueous formic acid; B: methanol with 0.1% formic acid) at a flow rate of 0.5mL/min in a run time of 7min. All analytes and IS were detected by multiple reaction monitoring scanning with electrospray ionization in the negative ion mode. Calibration curves showed good linearity (r>0.998) over a wide concentration range for all analytes. The intra- and inter-day precisions were all within 15% and the accuracies were in the range of -6.2% to 10.1%. The validated method was successfully applied to determination and comparative pharmacokinetics investigation of the ten constituents in rat plasma after oral administration of different combinations (Radix Paeoniae Alba:Glycyrrhiza uralensis=1:1 or 4:1) of Shaoyao-Gancao-Decoction (SGD) extracts. Pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by a compartment model. There were perceptible differences in pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax, AUC0-t, CL) of the analytes except for liquiritin between the two groups of SGD.

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OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of the seed cakes of Paeonia ostii. METHODS: Chemical constituents were isolated by Toyopearl HW-40, Sephadex LH-20, preparative HPLC, and silica gel column chromatographies. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data analysis. RESULTS: Seven monoterpene glucosides, paeoniflorin (I), oxypaeoniflorin (II), abiflofin(III), 4″- hydroxylalbiflorin(IV), 1-O-β-D-glucopyransoylpaeonisuffron(V), β-gentiobi-osylpaeoniflorin(VI), and abiflofin R1 (VII) were isolated from the seed cake of Paeonia ostii. CONCLUSION: All the compounds are isolated from the seed cakes of Paeonia ostii for the first time.