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BACKGROUND: Although neurology department ward rounds are among the most important medical education exercises in Japan, they have several issues. Patients may find it unpleasant to undergo repeated neurological tests, especially when in the presence of several students. Only the front row of students can closely observe the examination findings; moreover, students were prohibited from contacting patients altogether during the COVID-19 pandemic. One possible solution is to use commercial videoconferencing systems. However, Japanese patients are reluctant to have their medical information or video footage of them sent outside of the hospital via the internet. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to confirm the feasibility of conducting remote teaching rounds using an in-house web conferencing system in which the patients' personal data are securely protected. This study also explored whether using remote rounds alongside face-to-face participation would enhance learning. METHODS: We created an on-premises videoconferencing system using an open-source app. To perform video ward rounds, the professor wore a wireless microphone while leading routine in-person rounds and the attending physician carried a tablet device linked to a web conference, allowing students in another room to watch the rounds on a live stream. In total, 112 of 5th-year students who entered their 1-week neurology rotation between 2021 and 2022 were instructed to participate in 1-hour in-person and remote rounds. Students were given questionnaires to evaluate their satisfaction and the educational effects of the remote rounds. RESULTS: The remote ward rounds were conducted easily with no interference with the in-person rounds, nor any complaints from the patients. Each examination technique was explained by another teacher to the students who participated in remote rounds in the conference room. Characteristic neurological findings, such as plantar reflexes (Babinski sign), which are usually seen only by close observers during in-person rounds, could be visualized under magnification by all students. The postexperience survey (82/112, 73% response rate) showed that the mean score of participants' satisfaction was 3.94 (SD 0.83; excellent 5 and poor 1). No participant scoring 1 was noted. The proportion of students who observed 6 representative abnormal neurological findings (Babinski sign, hyperreflexia, cerebellar ataxia, involuntary movement, muscular weakness, and abnormality in sensory examination) increased by 22% (18/82, range 13-24) compared to in-person rounds alone. When self-rating the learning value, 43% (35/82) of the students answered that remote rounds are equally as valuable as in-person rounds, while 32% (26/82) preferred remote rounds. CONCLUSIONS: Live-streaming of neurology ward rounds using a secure in-house web conferencing system provides additional learning experience without concerns regarding leakage of patient information. This initiative could enhance neurology learning before entering a clinical clerkship.

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COVID-19-motivated social distancing made online concerts common practice in 2020 and 2021, with millions logging into streaming sites to see their favorite artists perform in realtime. For some fans, watching alone at home may have been enough, but concert-concurrent surges of social media activity suggest many virtual performance attendees are doing more. To understand why fans would turn their attention from these precious performance streams to social media, we explored Twitter engagement during four live streamed concerts performed by the Kpop group BTS in 2021. In public Tweets sampled by either concert hashtag or a predefined stream of users and keywords, we evaluated patterns in posting rates in relation to concert program events and investigated the content patterns in 1,200 Tweets sampled from four ranges of popularity (number of Retweets during the concert). Across concerts, short "Shout" Tweets surged at the start of songs, while the rate of retweets often fell during musical performances and shot up when BTS was off stage. Content analysis on the subsample found the materials most widely shared were informational or featured concert visuals, mimicking how fans use their phones at in-person concerts. Most original posts received few Retweets and were more personal and expressive of admiration for the performers. Comparison between the samples (concert hashtag vs. stream) also suggests users were strategic in using or omitting official concert hashtags with the strongest differences in the most widely disseminated content. Postings on Twitter during these performances seemed principally directed to fellow fans and audience members, by individuals choosing to share their own excitement and check in with others. By leveraging their existing social media networks, these concert attendees constructed a collective and interactive concert space, connecting with friends and strangers in the crowd and helping each other capture a richer experience than any broadcasting platform currently supports.

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The rapid development of live e-commerce in China in recent years has been accompanied by a change in consumer shopping behavior and a general upgrading of consumption in China. The rise and development of e-commerce live shopping mainly stem from the fact that the multimedia live stream provides consumers with a different shopping experience. Based on this, this paper outlines the meaning and application of multimedia, introduces the application of multimedia technology in live e-commerce platforms, constructs a model of the influence of visibility, authenticity, and interactivity of live platforms on consumers' purchase intention, and explores the role of trust in influencing both, using a questionnaire survey for empirical research. The results show that the characteristics of visibility, authenticity, and interactivity have significant positive effects on consumers' purchase intentions, and that trust partially mediates the relationship between the three characteristics of the live streaming platform and consumers' purchase intentions. In summary, the results of this study not only explore the formation mechanism of consumers' purchase intention from the perspective of the characteristics of multimedia e-commerce live streaming platforms, but also provide developers with further improvement ideas for the design of e-commerce live streaming platforms.

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[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1078369.].

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AIM: This commentary presents practical and evidenced based guidelines for the development and delivery of real-time online training workshops aimed at rural health professionals. CONTEXT: Online learning is increasingly being used as an avenue for delivering education, particularly to rural and remote sites where barriers persist in upskilling health workers. Further, online learning has become essential during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In response to the Australian 2020 COVID-19 social distancing requirements, our team rapidly transformed face-to-face educational workshops into an online format, to deliver over 20 workshops to more than 150 multidisciplinary staff across our large rural district. APPROACH: There are no published guidelines regarding the conversion of face-to-face education programs into an online format within health care. We conducted a review of the literature regarding the implementation of online education programs. Three broad categories of evidence were identified: participant qualities, content development and content deliverance. CONCLUSION: We present a set of practical and evidenced based recommendations, which will enhance live online workshops for a rural health workforce. These recommendations are derived both from published literature and our experience delivering our workshops. We argue that rural health professionals and organisations need relevant, up-to-date practical guidelines and more institutional support and training focused on creating and implementing live online educational programs in rural Australia.

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Cadaveric dissection is widely used in anatomy teaching worldwide. This method develops anatomical knowledge and practical dissection skills, as well as communication and team working. At the School of Anatomy, University of Bristol, two of our undergraduate units depend on dissection as a teaching tool.Social distancing guidelines brought about by COVID-19 brought challenges and meant it was not possible for all students to be present around a cadaver simultaneously. We adapted with secure, two-way live streaming, facilitated by ceiling-mounted cameras.Our units utilised the technology in slightly different ways. In a larger cohort, students were not able to attend the dissection room simultaneously and 2-4 students from each group attended, with the remainder (6-8 students) attending via Zoom. In the smaller cohort, all students attended, though only two students could be present around the cadaver, with Zoom used to stream the dissection to those distanced around the room. Those present narrated and ensured visibility of the dissection, whilst posing questions to those at home. The home group provided feedback, generated discussion, and conducted research.This chapter reflects on our experiences using this innovative teaching method. It was a valuable alternative to being in person. Whilst students might have spent less time in the dissection room, their dissection time equalled or was greater than pre-pandemic. Students developed digital confidence and built cohorts, and whilst we reflect on the need for effective communication and digital equity, we offer our best practice and solutions.Whilst in-person teaching has resumed in 2021-2022, investment in this technology enables us to rapidly pivot to a reduced in-person, or an entirely online delivery where required, and we are confident that our delivery will be effective in either case. There are also exciting opportunities for new forms of delivery as well as national and international collaborations.

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Live stream platforms have transformed the production and consumption of music, allowing KPop music to expand globally. Successful KPop idols are contrasted with large numbers of retired KPop performers, some of whom live in undesirable conditions. Drawing on the attachment theory, loyalty theory, and parasocial interaction theory, this study focuses on a unique group, comeback KPop performers, to examine how they acquire empathetic attachment and sustained loyalty from audiences through live stream shows, and the antecedents (i.e., sustained attractiveness, nostalgic experience, and parasocial interactions) of these two variables. Answering these questions seems important because comeback KPop performers have to interact with audiences without the financial and marketing support from entertainment agencies. The structural equation modeling of 288 responses from 176 Chinese and 112 Korean KPop audiences confirmed that empathetic attachment and sustained loyalty are positively associated with audience purchase intentions; sustained attractiveness and parasocial interactions function as antecedents of these two factors. The findings shed light on the comeback KPop performers who co-create value with audiences through live stream platforms, with theoretical contributions to the three theories mentioned above and managerial suggestions to KPop entertainment agencies, comeback KPop performers, and managers of live stream platforms.

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Introduction: The rise of live-stream selling has made the e-commerce platform attractive to many small and medium-sized retailers that are often faced with capital constraints. The choice between the e-commerce platform financing (EPF) and trade credit financing (TCF) for the capital-constrained e-retailers engaging in live-stream selling is particularly important problem. Methods: This paper considers a supply chain made up of a manufacturer, an e-commerce platform that offers live-stream selling service to consumers and an online retailer with capital constraint. We, respectively, investigate the optimal decisions of the supply chain enterprises under EPF and TCF modes based on Stackelberg game models and optimization theories. Results: We compare the profits of supply chain firms under different cases and obtain some important conclusions through theoretical and numerical analysis. Discussion: First, when the e-commerce platform's commission rate is low enough, the retailer's ordering quantity is, under EPF mode, greater than that evidenced without capital constraint. In addition, when the retailer's marginal profit is high and the e-commerce platform's commission rate is low, the online retailer should choose EPF mode; in other instances, TCF is its optimal choice. Second, the e-commerce platform can obtain the highest profit under EPF mode, while TCF mode will bring the highest profit to the manufacturer. Third, when the platform's commission rate is below a certain threshold, the profit of the entire supply chain under EPF mode is larger than that of well-funded supply chain, but TCF mode cannot. Finally, we also find there exists the access threshold about the live-stream selling. Only when the commission rate is relatively high, the e-commerce platform should offers live-stream service to consumers and the live-stream investment is the highest under EPF mode.

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Live stream marketing in China has been in the rage since 2019, and the e-commerce industry has expanded dramatically since the start of the pandemic. Internet celebrities, a growing number of people from different walks of life, movie stars, and TV hosts are now joining as live streamers. In February 2020, China's A-share stock market's Internet celebrity live streaming index rose by more than 20%. However, does adopting live stream marketing really have positive and significant impact on stock prices of listed companies? This study used event study analysis to investigate the impact of live stream marketing on stock prices of listed companies. After computing the normal rate (NR), abnormal rate (AR), cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR) of the subjects using EXCEL and SPSS and conducting a significant analysis of the CAAR, this study found that live stream marketing events have a positive influence on stock prices of listed companies. Live streaming has brought new economic vitality, however, with the existence of chaos phenomenon on the unmatured industry standards, access thresholds, and industry management at the same time. This study tries to organize a conceptual framework for discussion, and from a practical perspective, to summarize the reasons why companies use live stream marketing to influence stock prices: (1) Live stream marketing can boost sales in a short amount of time. (2) The stock price is influenced by live stream marketing's dramatic sales. (3) Brand awareness, which helps forecast the stock price, is promoted. At the same time, live stream provides significant advantages for companies. However, there is no certain supporting business model predicting how live stream marketing significantly affects the companies' stock price. Therefore, the authors, from a theoretical perspective, tried to solve the problem by seeking a stable business model for predicting the influence of live stream marketing on the stock price. In short, the influence of internet celebrity marketing has become a new significant variable and greatly impacted the firm's stock market price and the relevant research regarding this phenomenon is still scarce; it is necessary to study this hot topic at this stage, which is the research motive of this study.

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Background: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Facebook remote live-streaming-guided exercise on the functional fitness of community-dwelling older adults. Method: This study used a non-randomized controlled design with single-blinding (outcome assessors). Older adults (mean age = 70.36 ± 4.51 years) were assigned to either the experimental group (n = 39) or the control group (n = 34). The experimental group participated in a 75-min Facebook remote live-streaming-guided exercise routine twice a week for 8 weeks at home, whereas the control group maintained their original lifestyle without any intervention. Functional fitness was assessed using the Senior Fitness Test, which assessed upper and lower limb flexibility and muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, and balance. The test was administered before and after the intervention. Results: The results revealed that an 8-week Facebook remote live-streaming-guided exercise intervention increased lower limb flexibility and muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in community-dwelling older adults. Conclusion: The current findings suggest that a home-based exercise program using the Facebook platform may be a feasible method to broadly improve the functional fitness of community-dwelling older adults.

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OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered medical student education. The ability for students to be a part of the operating room team was highly restricted. Technology can be used to ensure ongoing surgical education during this time of limited in-person educational opportunities. DESIGN: We have developed an innovative solution of securely live-streaming surgery with real-time communication between the surgeon and students to allow for ongoing education during the pandemic. RESULTS: We successfully live-streamed multiple different types of neurosurgical operations utilizing multiple video sources. This method uses inexpensive, universal equipment that can be implemented at any institution to enable virtual education of medical students and other learners. CONCLUSIONS: This technology has facilitated education during this challenging time. This technological set-up for live-streaming surgery has the potential of improving medical and graduate medical education in the future.

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COVID-19 created a host of challenges for science education; in our case, the pandemic halted our in-person elementary school outreach project on bird biology. This project was designed as a year-long program to teach fifth-grade students in Ithaca, New York, USA, about bird ecology and biodiversity using in-person presentations, games, activities, and outdoor demonstrations. As a central part of this effort, we set up nest boxes on school property and planned to monitor them with students during bird breeding in the spring. Here, we describe our experiences transitioning this program online: we live streamed nest boxes to the students' virtual classroom and used them as a focal point for virtual lessons on bird breeding and nestling development. In an era of social distancing and isolation, we propose that nest box live streaming and virtual lessons can support communities by providing access to the outdoors and unconventional science learning opportunities for all students. Instituting similar programs at local schools has the potential to increase equitable learning opportunities for students across geographic locations and with varying degrees of physical access to the outdoors and nature.

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Live stream services have emerged as a highly profitable Internet application in recent years with rapidly growing audiences for this form of instant and interactive Internet media. This study applies media richness theory along with uses and gratifications theory to predict user loyalty to live stream services. The proposed model is empirically evaluated using survey data collected from 295 users responding about their perception of such services. Empirical results show that perceived media richness and gratifications such as entertainment and sociability are antecedents of loyalty, while immediate feedback is the most salient facet of perceived media richness. The results provide further useful insights for service providers and streamers to build loyal user bases.

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Live-stream suicide has become an emerging public health problem in many countries. Regular users are often the first to witness and respond to such suicides, emphasizing their impact on the success of crisis intervention. In order to reduce the likelihood of suicide deaths, this paper aims to use psycholinguistic analysis methods to facilitate automatic detection of negative expressions in responses to live-stream suicides on social media. In this paper, a total of 7212 comments posted on suicide-related messages were collected and analyzed. First, a content analysis was performed to investigate the nature of each comment (negative or not). Second, the simplified Chinese version of the LIWC software was used to extract 75 psycholinguistic features from each comment. Third, based on 19 selected key features, four classification models were established to differentiate between comments with and without negative expressions. Results showed that 19.55% of 7212 comments were recognized as "making negative responses". Among the four classification models, the highest values of Precision, Recall, F-Measure, and Screening Efficacy reached 69.8%, 85.9%, 72.9%, and 47.1%, respectively. This paper confirms the need for campaigns to reduce negative responses to live-stream suicides and support the use of psycholinguistic analysis methods to improve suicide prevention efforts.

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@#<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Advances in information and communication technologies facilitate opportunities for sexual exploitation and abuse of children online (SEACO). Despite the presence of laws against child pornography, trafficking, and cybercrime, the Philippines has become known as a key hub of the billion-dollar global child cybersex industry.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b>OBJECTIVE:</b> The objective of this study was to provide insight on SEACO in the Philippines.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>METHODS:</strong> The methodology consisted of a review of readily available news articles and reports. The search term "Philippines cybersex" was used in Advanced Search in Google News (https://news.google.com.ph) for English language reports from 1995 to 2015 to describe the geographic distribution of media reported cases of SEACO, the profile of victims and offenders, and how offenders and victims became involved in SEACO.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b>RESULTS:</b> The review found 55 reports and articles from 2011 to 2015. Cases were reported from 9 regions in the country with victims ranging from 18 months to 17 years in age. Three types of SEACO were identified: live streaming of child sexual abuse, child sexual abuse material (child pornography), and sextortion using minors.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Cases of SEACO were found to be present throughout the country. National policies and preventive measures are needed to stem this crime.</p>

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BACKGROUND: Treatment of advanced-stage idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a demanding challenge, and in Germany, medication regimen adjustments are often made during inpatient stays. Admissions often follow an acute worsening of symptoms and functioning. In order to reduce long and expensive inpatient stays, and to provide more frequent consultations, a 24/7 live stream telemedicine home treatment service was established. METHODS: A pilot study was conducted in which laptops were distributed to 50 patients for 1 year to see whether such a service was feasible (in terms of patient participation and compliance) and whether this intervention affected the patient's condition, measured in UPDRS, Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ39), and H & Y Scale. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent (36) of the patients were compliant and did not experience technical issues. Patients lived, on average, 198 ± 183 km away from the specialist clinic. In total, 264 video conversations took place with 6.9 ± 7.2 (0-29) calls per patient. We found a significant improvement in PDQ39 scores, but not in UPDRS, MMSE, or H & Y scores, at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Our data shows that 24/7 live stream telemedicine is feasible and can help to improve quality of life. However, a detailed preliminary review of the patient's willingness to use such a service should be made to obtain the best results. Improvement of the technical setup and network coverage would facilitate an improved service and increase efficiency.