RESUMEN
In the present work, we studied the chemical composition of Chinese artichoke (S. affinis tubers) by analyzing its polar constituents and its macro- and micro- nutrients. A total of nine compounds were isolated from the tuber ethanolic extract and structurally elucidated by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS). The marker compounds identified were oligosaccharide stachyose and the organic acid, succinic acid, as well as phenylethanoid and iridoid glycosides. The macronutrient profile was dominated by carbohydrates (36.9% dw), whereas potassium (2.36%) was the most abundant micro-nutrient. The tuber ethanolic extract was able to efficiently protect human cells (Caco-2, SHSY-5Y and K562) against t-BHP-induced oxidative damage.
Asunto(s)
Glicósidos Iridoides/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/análisis , Stachys/química , Ácido Succínico/análisis , Células CACO-2 , Humanos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Valor NutritivoRESUMEN
Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb, well-known as Camaepitium or Ground Pine, is an annual herb typical of the Mediterranean area accounting several uses in the traditional medicine. In this work we have, analyzed the plant iridoid fraction together with the essential oil composition and study of the plant indumentum. Finally, we assayed the polar extracts and essential oil obtained from the aerial parts for antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity on tumor cells. The analysis of the monoterpene glycosides allowed us to isolate from roots and aerial parts and to structurally elucidate by NMR and MS the following compounds: ajugoside (1), reptoside (2), 8-O-acetylharpagide (3), harpagide (4), 5-O-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-harpagide (5), asperulosidic acid (6), deacetyl asperulosidic acid (7) and 5-O-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-8-O-acetylharpagide (8), among which 5 and 8 were two new natural products. Chemotaxomic relevance of these constituents was discussed. The chemical analysis of A. chamaepitys essential oil by GC-FID and GC-MS showed ethyl linoleate (13.7%), germacrene D (13.4%), kaurene (8.4%), ß-pinene (6.8%), and (E)-phytol (5.3%) as the major volatile components. The micromorphological and histochemical study showed that iridoids and essential oil are mainly produced in the type III capitates and peltate trichomes of leaves and flowers. Biological evaluations of A. chamaepitys polar extracts and essential oil showed that the former were more potent as radical scavengers than the latter. MTT assay revealed that essential oil and ethanolic extracts were moderately cytotoxic on tumor cells with IC50 of 36.88 and 59.24µg/mL on MDA-MB 231 cell line, respectively, and IC50 of 60.48 and 64.12µg/mL on HCT116, respectively.
Asunto(s)
Ajuga/química , Glicósidos Iridoides/química , Aceites Volátiles/química , Aceites de Plantas/química , Piranos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/química , Depuradores de Radicales Libres/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Glicósidos Iridoides/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Piranos/aislamiento & purificación , Tricomas/química , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/química , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Inflammation does not only lead to pain and functio laesa in the affected tissue but is also implicated in the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Many medicinal plants show anti-inflammatory properties yet plant-constituents and their effect on molecular pathways involved in the attenuation of inflammation as well as cell migration are only poorly understood. Harpagophytum procumbens DC. ex MEISN. is a potent plant used as an immune modulator in traditional herbal medicine. Aim of this study was to investigate the influence of harpagoside and harpagide on TNFα-secretion in undifferentiated and differentiated THP-1 cells under inflammatory conditions as well as their implication in cellular migration into inflamed tissue. We found that both iridoids decrease TNFα-secretion in PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells whereas undifferentiated cells were poorly affected. Yet, in undifferentiated cells harpagoside and harpagide induced mRNA-expression of certain proteins involved in leukocyte transmigration. Especially TNFα and ICAM-1 mRNA-expression was positively affected after 3h and expression could be maintained on high levels even after 48h. L-selectin and PSGL-1 were strongly induced after 48h of stimulation. This ambiguous effect of harpagoside and harpagide highlights their immune modulatory function by facilitating cell migration into the inflamed tissue, whereby in consequence the anti-inflammatory activity of the resident macrophages was also found to be promoted.