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Background: It is imperative to analyze the forces and moments produced by various auxiliaries in order to select the optimal attachments and, eventually, to maximize the efficacy and efficiency of orthodontic therapy. Through this investigation, we aimed to highlight the impact of various aligner auxiliaries on orthodontic activity in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment on a pre/post treatment protocol basis. Methods: After a thorough search of the online journals, a total of 482 documents were found using keywords such as "Orthodontic Treatment", "Aligner Auxiliaries", "Elastic Ligatures" and "Tooth Movement." The database research, elimination of duplicate studies, data extraction and risk of bias were performed by the authors independently. This systematic review and network meta-analysis included prospective studies and clinical trials to evaluate research that had looked at the impact of various aligner auxiliaries on orthodontic activity in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Results: Eight investigations of varying designs were selected for this review. The majority of investigations revealed that aligner auxiliaries significantly improve anterior root torque, rotation, and mesio-distal (M-D) movement, as well as posterior anchoring. They also significantly improved anterior root rotation. However, few studies have presented inconsistent or non-statistically significant findings. Conclusion: Auxiliaries for aligners also appear to improve extrusion and other orthodontic movements, but there is insufficient evidence to support these claims. No research has examined posterior bucco-lingual expansion or tilting. Clarification of the effect of attachments and their related variables requires additional clinical investigations.
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The objective of this study was to evaluate the possible changes in color of aesthetic elastic ligatures soaked in different solutions. Five different brands of aesthetic elastic ligatures were evaluated in the present study. Measurement of the discs´ color was performed using a reflectance spectrophotometer (UV-visible spectrophotometer, UV-2450, Shimadzu®, Kyoto, Japan). Subsequently, the discs were immersed in artificial saliva (AS) or three different solutions: red wine (RW) (Miolo Terranova® 2010, Casa Nova, Brazil), coffee (CF) (Café Três Corações®, RioGrande do Norte, Brazil) or Coca-Cola® (CC) (Coca-Cola®, Belo Horizonte, Brazil). It was determined that the tested solutions were able to cause color changes in the aesthetic elastic ligatures. The coffee solution caused the greatest color change in all of the brands of ligatures evaluated, followed by the red wine solution. In conclusion, OSE and GAC brands of aesthetic elastic ligatures displayed the best performance.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los posibles cambios en el color de ligaduras elásticas estéticas embebidas en diferentes soluciones. Cinco diferentes marcas de ligaduras elásticas estéticas fueron evaluados en el presente estudio. La medición de discos de color se realizó con un espectrofotómetro de reflectancia (espectrofotómetro UV-visible, UV-2450, Shimadzu®, Kyoto, Japón). A continuación, los discos se sumergieron en saliva artificial o tres soluciones diferentes: vino tinto (Miolo Terranova® 2010, Casa Nova, Brasil), café (Café Três Corações®, RioGrande do Norte, Brasil) o Coca-Cola® (Coca-Cola®, Belo Horizonte, Brasil). Se determinó que las soluciones testeadas fueron capaces de causar cambios de color en las ligaduras elásticas estéticas. La solución de café causó el mayor cambio de color en todas las marcas de ligaduras evaluados, seguido por la solución de vino tinto. En conclusión, las marcas de ligaduras elásticas estéticas OSE y GAC muestran el mejor desempeño.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to monitor the risk factors that trigger variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients, assess the severity of the bleeding and the efficacy of the endoscopic hemostasis techniques, as well as the recurrence of bleeding episodes and the mortality rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study was a prospective one, and it was conducted in the period November 2004 - December 2006 in the "O. Fodor" Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cluj-Napoca. It included 273 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding because of variceal rupture, assessed by emergency endoscopy. The patients included in the study met the clinical, biochemical, endoscopic and ultrasound criteria for liver cirrhosis. Its etiology and staging were documented from the patients' observation charts. RESULTS: Out of the 273 cases of variceal bleeding there were 255 (93.4%) cases of bleeding from esophageal varices and 18 (6.6%) from gastric varices. Variceal bleeding episodes were more frequent in patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (51.28%). Most patients with variceal bleeding were in Child class B or C (77%). Mortality because of variceal hemorrhage was 2.93% in the study group. A number of 148 patients were treated by sclerotherapy and 125 patients with elastic ligatures. Bleeding relapses occurred in 65 (23.8%) patients within the study group, 43 men and 22 women. Variceal bleeding relapses were more frequent after sclerotherapy than after elastic ligatures. CONCLUSIONS: Variceal bleeding occurred more frequently in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis stage Child C. In the current study mortality was relatively low. The treatment of bleeding recurrence is more difficult, hence variceal rupture prevention and application of elastic ligatures represent a therapeutic necessity.
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OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the optical properties of orthodontic elastic ligatures under the influence of exogenous pigments contained in the daily diet. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the analysis, colorless (clear) elastic segments (ORTHO Organizers, lot 660625A10) were used as received from the manufacturer, and were divided into 8 groups of 3 segments each. Each group was immersed in 200 mL of a solution containing a determined substance, as follows: distilled water (control group), Coca-Cola®, Pomarola brand tomato sauce (Cica®), açai, Jasmine® brand green tea, Royal Blend® black tea brand, Pilão® brand coffee and Palmares® wine brand. All test specimens were immersed in the solutions and kept in an appropriate receptacle for 7 days at 37°C14. After the staining session, the test specimens were washed with distilled water in an ultrasonic vat for 5 min and dried with paper tissues6. The portable digital spectrophotometer Vita Easyshade Compact was used to assess if there was color variation of the test specimens. This variation was quantified and qualified at the initial time (T0) and after staining (T1). RESULTS: These results were analyzed statistically using the software SPSS version 18.0. The Shapiro-Wilk test of normality was applied followed by the one-way analysis of variance and the Tukey's post hoc test. The level of significance adopted was 5%. CONCLUSIONS: From the substances evaluated in this study, those with higher staining potential on esthetic elastic ligatures were black tea, coffee and wine, respectively. Knowing this information, the dentist may advise their patients to avoid certain foods because of elastic staining may occur thus decreasing the aesthetics of the material.
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Humanos , Color , Materiales Dentales/química , Aparatos Ortodóncicos , Bebidas , Colorimetría , Alimentos , Inmersión , Ensayo de Materiales , Espectrofotometría , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Propiedades de Superficie , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the color preferences for elastic ligatures among patients receiving fixed-appliance orthodontic therapy. METHODS: Five hundred patients with metal brackets (336 female patients and 164 male patients) were included, and their color preferences for elastic ligatures were recorded using a color scale. Chi-square analysis was performed to evaluate the color preferences and to determine the influence of age and gender on color preferences (P<.05). RESULTS: Two hundred and seventy-six patients (55.2%) preferred strikingly colorful elastic ligatures, while 224 patients (44.8%) preferred less noticeable elastic ligatures. No significant difference was observed between the color preferences of female and male patients (P>.05). However, significant differences were observed between the color preferences of adolescents and older patients (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Female patients preferred red-purple-colored tones, while male patients preferred blue-black-colored tones. Adolescents preferred colorful elastic ligatures, while older patients preferred ligatures with less-noticeable colors. A stock of 10-12 colorful and less-noticeable elastic ligatures seems to be adequate to ensure patient satisfaction.