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Background and Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 is a newly discovered viral infection. It's still unclear how antibodies react in infected individuals, and there is not enough evidence to support the clinical use of antibody examination. This study evaluates the diagnostic value of serologic tests for diagnosing COVID-19. Materials and Methods: 32 patients for whom serologic testing was performed within 7 to 21 days from symptom onset and whether they were diagnosed with COVID-19 by both PCR and lung HRCT as gold standard tests at the same time, were included in the study. Results: Serologic tests (IgM / IgG) compared to PCR and lung HRCT scan to diagnose COVID-19, were 89.3% specific and 59.6% sensitive. Positive predictive value (PPV) was 95% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 37%. The diagnostic accuracy index of the serologic test was 0.745 (CI 0.651-0.838) (p-value <0.001). Conclusion: Serologic testing can be a complementary alternative for SARA-CoV-2 nucleic acid RT-PCR, although it cannot replace it completely. IgG/IgM combo test kits and RT-PCR together can give more insight into the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2.

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BACKGROUND: Long COVID is a common condition lacking consensus definition; determinants remain incompletely understood. Characterizing immune profiles associated with long COVID could support the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies. METHODS: We used a survey to investigate blood donors' infection/vaccination history and acute/persistent symptoms following COVID-19. The prevalence of long COVID was evaluated using self-report and an adapted definition from the RECOVER study. We evaluated factors associated with long COVID, focusing on anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Lastly, we investigated long COVID clinical subphenotypes using hierarchical clustering. RESULTS: Of 33,610 participants, 16,003 (48%) reported having had COVID-19; 1853 (12%) had self-reported long COVID, 685 (4%) met an adapted RECOVER definition, and 2050 (13%) met at least one definition. Higher anti-nucleocapsid levels measured 12-24 weeks post-infection were associated with higher risk of self-reported and RECOVER long COVID. Higher anti-spike IgG levels measured 12-24 weeks post-infection were associated with lower risk of self-reported long COVID. Higher total anti-spike measured 24-48 weeks post-infection was associated with lower risk of RECOVER long COVID. Cluster analysis identified four clinical subphenotypes; patterns included neurological and psychiatric for cluster 1; neurological and respiratory for cluster 2; multi-systemic for cluster 3; and neurological for cluster 4. DISCUSSION: Long COVID prevalence in blood donors varies depending on the adopted definition. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were time-dependently associated with long COVID; higher anti-nucleocapsid levels were associated with higher risk; and higher anti-spike levels were associated with lower risk of long COVID. Different underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms may be associated with distinct clinical subphenotypes.

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This study aimed to describe differences in prevalence and the long-term presence of nucleocapsid antibodies (N-antibodies) elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection in a Swedish blood donor population not subjected to lockdown. We tested 20,651 blood donor samples for nucleocapsid antibodies from the beginning of March 2020 and 27 months onwards using the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay. The proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody samples was determined each week. After the exclusions of one-time donors and subjects with incomplete data, 19,726 samples from 4003 donors remained. Differences in antibody prevalences stratified for age, sex, and blood groups (ABO and RhD) were determined, as well as antibody loss and recovery. Lower antibody prevalence was seen for older donors, blood group AB, and RhD-negative subjects. A significant decrease in antibody titer between the first and the second antibody-positive donation was seen for the whole study group, females, older subjects, blood group O, AB, and RhD-positive subjects. The titer waned below the detection limit in 60 (3.0%) of 1983 N-antibody-positive donors, and for 18 of these donors, a second episode with antibodies was detected. We showed that N-antibodies persist for months or years and that surprisingly few antibody-positive donors lost their antibodies. We also conclude that antibody prevalence in a Swedish population never subject to lockdown did not apparently differ from populations that were subject to stricter regulations.

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Between 2 and 8.5% of patients who recover from COVID-19 do not develop antibodies, and the durability of IgG antibodies is under scrutiny. Therefore, the presence and persistence of IgM and IgG antibodies were evaluated in a group of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 from May to August 2020. Out of 2199 suspected COVID-19 cases, 1264 were confirmed for SARS-CoV-2 by rRT-PCR; 328 consented to participate in the study, with 220 participants followed for 9 months, including 124 men (56%) and 96 women (44%). The primary symptoms were headache, dry cough, and fever. IgG antibodies developed in 95% of patients within 4 weeks post-diagnosis, and a second evaluation at 9 months showed that 72.7% still had detectable IgG antibodies. The presence of IgM in one individual (0.45%) suggested the possibility of reinfection.

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Introduction: COVID-19 vaccination aids pandemic limitation. In Argentina, three vaccines are approved, and healthcare workers are priorized (HCWs). The aim was to determine the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, analyzing change in Immunoglobulin G levels and the incidence of new COVID-19 cases up to 12 months after the second dose. Methods: Prospective cohort of HCWs between March 2021- 2022. COVIDAR IgG test was used to measure antibodies. A mixed-effects model was employed to compare the levels of immunoglobulin G at different time points, Kaplan Meier was used to estimate incident COVID-19 cases. Results: 82 participants were included Adverse events were frequent but mild. All participant showed positive antibody at 12 months. Antibodies levels showed an increase one year after 2nd dose. Sinopharm took a long time to yield positive results. More than half of the people had mild COVID-19 disease. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccines are safe and effective.

Introducción: La vacunación COVID-19 ayuda a limitar la pandemia. En Argentina, se aprobaron tres vacunas y se priorizó a los trabajadores de la salud (TDS). El objetivo fue determinar la efectividad de las vacunas COVID-19, analizando el cambio en los niveles de Inmunoglobulina G y la incidencia de nuevos casos de COVID-19 hasta 12 meses después de la segunda dosis. Métodos: Cohorte prospectiva de TDS entre marzo de 2021 y 2022. Se utilizó la prueba COVIDAR IgG para medir los anticuerpos. Se empleó un modelo de efectos mixtos para comparar los niveles de inmunoglobulina G en diferentes puntos temporales, se utilizó Kaplan Meier para estimar los casos de COVID-19 incidentes. Resultados: se incluyeron 82 participantes. Los eventos adversos fueron frecuentes pero leves. Todos los participantes mostraron anticuerpos positivos a los 12 meses. Los niveles de anticuerpos mostraron un aumento un año después de la segunda dosis. Sinopharm tardó mucho tiempo en arrojar resultados positivos. Más de la mitad de las personas tuvieron una enfermedad leve de COVID-19. Conclusión: Las vacunas COVID-19 son seguras y efectivas.

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OBJECTIVES: In response to the Omicron surge in early 2022, the HTA Philippines evaluated the acceptability of Filipinos in using self-administered antigen tests (SAAgTs) as part of COVID-19 HTAs in the Philippines. METHODS: Scoping review from literature databases was initially conducted to identify preset codes in the use of SAAgT. Preset codes were used to establish the questions for focus group discussions (FGDs). Semi-structured questionnaires were created through Delphi technique. FGDs with four stakeholder groups (i.e., nine healthcare workers [HCWs], seven representatives of at-risk groups, six economic frontliners, and seven representatives of micro-small-medium-sized enterprises) were conducted. RESULTS: Discomfort in being a target of stigma and being prescribed an "illness identity" when suspected or confirmed COVID-19-positive, along with lack of confidence to perform self-test, caused hesitancy in self-testing among participants. The need for subsidies for test kits from the government or employers was emphasized to increase its accessibility. Having a designated access point and reporting system for SAAgT was highlighted to avoid nepotism (padrino system attributed to debt of gratitude), inequitable distribution, and lapses in reporting. A participatory approach to education was perceived as crucial to reduce any misconceptions associated with the use of SAAgT. CONCLUSIONS: All FGD groups expressed favorable reviews on the implementation of SAAgT because it can potentially reduce the burden of health facility-administered tests. These findings were considered by the HTA Council in the recommendation of SAAgT as part of the overarching national strategies for the diagnosis and screening of COVID-19.

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The association between the presence of detectable antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is not well established. The objective of this study was to determine the association between antibody seronegativity and reinfection. METHODS: Participants in Colorado, USA, were recruited between June 15, 2020, and March 28, 2021, and encouraged to complete SARS-CoV-2 molecular ribonucleic acid (RNA) and serology testing for antibodies every 28 days for 10 months. Participants with reinfections (positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA test ≥ 90 days after the first positive RNA test) were matched to controls without reinfections by age, sex, date of the first positive RNA test, date of the last serology test, and serology test type. Using conditional logistic regression, case patients were compared to control patients on the last serologic test result, with adjustment for demographic and clinical confounders. RESULTS: The cohort (n = 4,235) included 2,033 participants with ≥ 1 positive RNA test, of whom 120 had reinfection. Among the 80 case patients who could be matched, the last serologic test was negative in 12 of the cases (15.0 %) whereas the last serologic test was negative in 77 of 1,034 (7.5 %) controls. Seronegativity (adjusted OR [aOR] 2.24; 95 % CI 1.07, 4.68), Hispanic ethnicity (aOR 1.87; 95 % 1.10, 3.18), and larger household size (aOR 1.15; 95 % 1.01, 1.30 for each additional household member) were associated with reinfection. CONCLUSIONS: Seronegative status, Hispanic ethnicity, and increasing household size were associated with reinfection. Serologic testing could be considered to reduce vaccine hesitancy in higher risk populations.

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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In this proof-of-concept study, which included blood donor samples, we aimed to demonstrate how Bayesian latent class models (BLCMs) could be used to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in the absence of a gold standard assay under a two-phase sampling design. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To this end, 6810 plasma samples from blood donors who resided in Québec (Canada) were collected from May to July 2020 and tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using seven serological assays (five commercial and two non-commercial). RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence was estimated at 0.71% (95% credible interval [CrI] = 0.53%-0.92%). The cPass assay had the lowest sensitivity estimate (88.7%; 95% CrI = 80.6%-94.7%), while the Héma-Québec assay had the highest (98.7%; 95% CrI = 97.0%-99.6%). CONCLUSION: The estimated low seroprevalence (which indicates a relatively limited spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Quebec) might change rapidly-and this tool, developed using blood donors, could enable a rapid update of the prevalence estimate in the absence of a gold standard. Further, the present analysis illustrates how a two-stage BLCM sampling design, along with blood donor samples, can be used to estimate the performance of new diagnostic tests and inform public health decisions regarding a new or emerging disease for which a perfect reference standard does not exist.

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[This corrects the article on p. 100 in vol. 12, PMID: 36196438.].

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The immune responses to both SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines are of key importance in prevention efforts. In April and May 2020, 703 study participants tested for COVID-19 by PCR tests were registered. In June and July 2020, they were examined for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG. From October 2020 to January 2021, those among the study population with COVID-19 confirmed by PCR tests were registered, and the same group of participants was invited to be examined again for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. In June 2020, antibodies were detected in only 88% of those who had PCR-confirmed COVID-19 in April-May 2020, which suggests that a significant proportion of persons in the Polish population do not produce antibodies after contact with SARS-CoV-2 antigens or rapidly lose them and reach levels below the lab detection limit. The levels of IgG class anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were significantly lower among people who previously had COVID-19 than for those who had received COVID-19 vaccination, which confirms the high immunogenicity of the vaccines against COVID-19 in the Polish population. The study confirms that a detectable level of IgG class anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies cannot be considered a reliable marker of the presence and strength of COVID-19 immunity preventing individuals from acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Valencian Community (Spain) in October 2022, when BA.5 was the predominant variant. METHOD: Cross-sectional, region-wide, population-based serosurvey study in 88 randomly selected primary care centers of the Valencian Community. RESULTS: Seroprevalence of anti-nucleocapsid (indicative of past infection) and total receptor binding domain (indicative of past infection or vaccination) antibodies was 71.0% (confidence interval [CI]: 67.8-74.2) and 98.4% (CI: 97.5-99.3), respectively. 66.7% (CI: 63.4-70.0) of the population shows hybrid immunity, but only 43.2% in those 80 and over. CONCLUSIONS: The high proportion of hybrid immunity detected is relevant for public health strategies. A second vaccination booster was advisable in the elderly population.

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BACKGROUND: Comparative data collection in transborder areas can contribute to informed decision making processes when dealing with borderless health threats such as pandemics, and thus help minimize the negative health effects for its citizens. To examine the pandemic response over time and the impact of infectious disease control in a cross-border setting, a prospective longitudinal study was conducted in the border area between Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands. In the spring of 2021, a random sample of 26,925 adult citizens selected from governmental registries was invited to collect a blood sample at home for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing and to fill in an online questionnaire on attitudes and behaviour towards infection prevention measures, cross-border mobility, social network and support, COVID-19 self-reported infection(s) and symptoms, vaccination, general self-reported health and socio-demographics. In autumn 2021, participants were invited for a follow-up round. An online tool was developed to coordinate fieldwork procedures, real-time monitoring of participation and consultation of antibody test results. Furthermore, a helpdesk in all three languages for participants' support was set up. RESULTS: In the first round, 6,006 citizens in the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion participated. 15.3% of the invited citizens on the Belgian side of the border participated. In the Netherlands and Germany this was respectively 27% and 23.7%. In the follow-up round 4,286 (71.4%) citizens participated for the second time. The participation rate was highest in the age group 50-69 years and lowest in > 80 in all sub regions of the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion. More women participated than men. Overall, more blood samples were returned than completed questionnaires. In total, 3,344 citizens in the Meuse-Rhine Euroregion completed all components of participation in both rounds. CONCLUSIONS: The collection of comparative data can help better assess the pandemic response and the impact of infectious disease control in a cross-border area. Recommendations for a longitudinal cross-border study include a centralized online environment, mapping out potential challenges related to national regulations in the preparation phase and organizing regional coordination centres to create more familiarity and trust towards the involved organisations.

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BACKGROUND: Taste or smell disorders have been reported as strongly associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. We aimed to identify subject characteristics, symptom associations, and antibody response intensity associated with taste or smell disorders. METHODS: We used data from SAPRIS, a study based on a consortium of five prospective cohorts gathering 279,478 participants in the French general population. In the analysis, we selected participants who were presumably infected by SARS-CoV-2 during the first epidemic wave. RESULTS: The analysis included 3,439 patients with a positive ELISA-Spike. Sex (OR = 1.28 [95% CI 1.05-1.58] for women), smoking (OR = 1.54 [95% CI 1.13-2.07]), consumption of more than 2 drinks of alcohol a day (OR = 1.37 [95% CI 1.06-1.76]) were associated with a higher probability of taste or smell disorders. The relationship between age and taste or smell disorders was non-linear. Serological titers were associated with taste or smell disorders: OR = 1.31 [95% CI 1.26-1.36], OR = 1.37 [95% CI 1.33-1.42] and OR = 1.34 [95% CI 1.29-1.39] for ELISA-Spike, ELISA-Nucleocapsid and seroneutralization, respectively. Among participants with taste or smell disorders, 90% reported a wide variety of other symptoms whereas 10% reported no other symptom or only rhinorrhea. CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with a positive ELISA-Spike test, women, smokers and people drinking more than 2 drinks a day were more likely to develop taste or smell disorders. This symptom was strongly associated with an antibody response. The overwhelming majority of patients with taste or smell disorders experienced a wide variety of symptoms.

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SARS-CoV-2 serosurveillance is important to adapt infection control measures and estimate the degree of underreporting. Blood donor samples can be used as a proxy for the healthy adult population. In a repeated cross-sectional study from April 2020 to April 2021, September 2021, and April/May 2022, 13 blood establishments collected 134,510 anonymised specimens from blood donors in 28 study regions across Germany. These were tested for antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleocapsid, including neutralising capacity. Seroprevalence was adjusted for test performance and sampling and weighted for demographic differences between the sample and the general population. Seroprevalence estimates were compared to notified COVID-19 cases. The overall adjusted SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence remained below 2% until December 2020 and increased to 18.1% in April 2021, 89.4% in September 2021, and to 100% in April/May 2022. Neutralising capacity was found in 74% of all positive specimens until April 2021 and in 98% in April/May 2022. Our serosurveillance allowed for repeated estimations of underreporting from the early stage of the pandemic onwards. Underreporting ranged between factors 5.1 and 1.1 in the first two waves of the pandemic and remained well below 2 afterwards, indicating an adequate test strategy and notification system in Germany.

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More than 11.5 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses have been administered around the world. Although vaccine effectiveness for severe infections is reported to be 89.0%, breakthrough infections are common and may lead to severe outcome in fragile population. We conducted a real-world observational study on 420 COVID-19 admitted patients from July 2021 to January 2022 in a tertiary level Italian hospital. We collected patient's vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 serological status, SARS-CoV-2 treatments, oxygen supports, intensive (ICU) and subintensive (sub-ICU) care unit admissions, length of staying (LoS) and in-hospital mortality. One-hundred-seventy-two vaccinated and 248 unvaccinated patients were admitted during the study period. Vaccinated group (Vg) had a significantly more elevated Charlson Comorbidity Index than Unvaccinated group (UVg), and no statistical differences were found in terms of in-hospital mortality, LoS or ICU and sub-ICU admissions. Among Vg, anti-S antibodies were detected in 86.18% of patients (seropositives). Vaccinated seronegative patients' in-hospital mortality was significantly higher than vaccinated seropositive patients (33.33% vs 10.69%, p = 0.0055): in particular, mortality rate in 45-69 years old population was higher in vaccinated seronegative group, and comparable in patients ≥ 70 years old. No differences in terms of outcome were registered between Vg and UVg, taking into account that Vg was considerably older and with more comorbidities. In line with other recent observations, higher mortality rate was evidenced for seronegative vaccinated patients. Primary prophylaxis and early treatments result to be necessary, especially for older and immunosuppressed populations.

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Background: Seroprevalence studies can be used to measure the progression of national COVID-19 epidemics. The Danish National Seroprevalence Survey of SARS-CoV-2 infections (DSS) was conducted as five separate surveys between May 2020 and May 2021. Here, we present results from the two last surveys conducted in February and May 2021. Methods: Persons aged 12 or older were randomly selected from the Danish Population Register and those having received COVID-19 vaccination subsequently excluded. Invitations to have blood drawn in local test centers were sent by mail. Samples were analyzed for whole Immunoglobulin by ELISA. Seroprevalence was estimated by sex, age and geography. Comparisons to vaccination uptake and RT-PCR test results were made. Results: In February 2021, we found detectable antibodies in 7.2% (95% CI: 6.3-7.9%) of the invited participants (participation rate 25%) and in May 2021 in 8.6% (95% CI: 7.6-9.5%) of the invited (participation rate: 14%). Seroprevalence did not differ by sex, but by age group, generally being higher among the <50 than 50+ year-olds. In May 2021, levels of seroprevalence varied from an estimated 13% (95% CI: 12-15%) in the capital to 5.2% (95% CI: 3.4-7.4%) in rural areas. Combining seroprevalence results with vaccine coverage, estimates of protection against infection in May 2021 varied from 95% among 65+ year-olds down to 10-20% among 12-40 year-olds. In March-May 2021, an estimated 80% of all community SARS-CoV-2 infections were diagnosed by RT-PCR and captured by surveillance. Conclusion: Seroprevalence estimates doubled during the 2020-21 winter wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections and then stabilized as vaccinations were rolled out. The epidemic affected large cities and younger people the most. Denmark saw comparatively low infections rates, but high test coverage; an estimated four out of five infections were detected by RT-PCR in March-May 2021.

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Objective: To estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in the Valencian Community (Spain) in October 2022, when BA.5 was the predominant variant. Method: Cross-sectional, region-wide, population-based serosurvey study in 88 randomly selected primary care centers of the Valencian Community. Results: Seroprevalence of anti-nucleocapsid (indicative of past infection) and total receptor binding domain (indicative of past infection or vaccination) antibodies was 71.0% (confidence interval [CI]: 67.8-74.2) and 98.4% (CI: 97.5-99.3), respectively. 66.7% (CI: 63.4-70.0) of the population shows hybrid immunity, but only 43.2% in those 80 and over. Conclusions: The high proportion of hybrid immunity detected is relevant for public health strategies. A second vaccination booster was advisable in the elderly population.(AU)

Objetivo: Estimar la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos frente al SARS-CoV-2 en la Comunidad Valenciana (España) en octubre de 2022, cuando BA.5 era la variante predominante. Método: Estudio transversal de base poblacional de ámbito autonómico en 88 centros de atención primaria de la Comunidad Valenciana seleccionados aleatoriamente. Resultados: La seroprevalencia de anticuerpos antinucleocápside (indicativos de infección previa) y frente al dominio de la unión al receptor (indicativos de infección o vacunación) fue del 71,0% (intervalo de confianza [IC]: 67,8-74,2) y del 98,4% (IC: 97,5-99,3), respectivamente. El 66,7% (IC: 63,4-70,0) de la población mostraba inmunidad híbrida, pero solo el 43,2% de los mayores de 80 años. Conclusiones: La alta proporción de inmunidad híbrida detectada era relevante para las estrategias de salud pública, pero era aconsejable un segundo refuerzo de vacunación en la población anciana.(AU)

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OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate dynamics of antibody levels after exposure to SARS-CoV-2 for 12 months in Dutch non-vaccinated hairdressers and hospitality staff. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, blood samples were collected every 3 months for 1 year and analyzed using a qualitative total antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a quantitative immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody ELISA. Participants completed questionnaires, providing information on demographics, health, and work. Differences in antibody levels were evaluated using Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Beta coefficients (ß) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using linear regression. RESULTS: Ninety-five of 497 participants (19.1%) had ≥1 seropositive measurement before their last visit using the qualitative ELISA. Only 2.1% (2/95) seroreverted during follow-up. Of 95 participants, 82 (86.3%) tested IgG seropositive in the quantitative ELISA too. IgG antibody levels significantly decreased in the first months (P <0.01) but remained detectable for up to 12 months in all participants. Older age (ß, 10-years increment: 24.6, 95% CI: 5.7-43.5) and higher body mass index (ß, 5kg/m² increment: 40.0, 95% CI: 2.9-77.2) were significantly associated with a higher peak of antibody levels. CONCLUSION: In this cohort, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies persisted for up to 1 year after initial seropositivity, suggesting long-term natural immunity.

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Vaccines are critical cost-effective tools to control the COVID-19 pandemic. The heterologous prime-boost vaccination has been used by many countries to overcome supply issues, so the effectiveness and safety of this strategy need to be better clarified. This study aims to verify the effect of heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccination on healthcare professionals from Dante Pazzanese Hospital in Brazil. It was performed serological assays of vaccinated individuals after 2-dose of CoronaVac (Sinovac; n = 89) or ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca; n = 166) followed by a BNT162b2 booster (Pfizer-BioNTech; n = 255). The serum antibodies anti-S (spike), anti-N (nucleocapsid), and anti-RBD (receptor binding domain) were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The heterologous booster dose induced a 10-fold higher anti-Spike antibody regardless of the 2-dose of a prime vaccine. It was strikingly observed that BNT162b2 enhanced levels of anti-spike antibodies, even in those individuals who did not previously respond to the 2-dose of CoronaVac. In conclusion, the heterologous scheme of vaccination using mRNA as a booster vaccine efficiently enhanced the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2, especially benefiting those elderly who were seronegative with a virus-inactivated vaccine.

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Objetivo: Analisar a ocorrência de pacientes cirúrgicos assintomáticos com teste para COVID-19 positivo, delimitar o perfil epidemiológico, identificar o tipo de cirurgia e a especialidade, bem como determinar o tempo de execução do procedimento cirúrgico após testagem positiva. Método: Trata-se de um estudo de coorte retrospectiva, em um hospital de grande porte, filantrópico, de São Paulo, realizado no período de março a setembro de 2020, baseado na análise de dados de prontuário. Resultados: Foram 4.870 procedimentos cirúrgicos, dos quais 3.688 pacientes tiveram coleta de exame PCR. A ocorrência de pacientes cirúrgicos posi-tivos e assintomáticos foi de 1,7%; no perfil epidemiológico, observa-se predominância de sexo masculino, meia-idade, com classificação de risco anestésico ASA II e em procedimentos das especialidades de ortopedia, urologia, ginecologia e gastroenterologia. A execução do teste foi de dois dias pré-procedimento e a presença de pacientes com sintomas em até 14 dias após testagem foi de 0,5%. Conclusão: A ocorrência de pacientes cirúrgicos positivos e assintomáticos foi pequena dentro do quantitativo analisado, os achados deste estudo são similares aos de estudos nacionais e internacionais em relação a especialidade, comorbidades e idade

Objective: To analyze the occurrence of asymptomatic surgical patients with a positive COVID-19 test, delimit the epidemiological profile, iden-tify the type of surgery and specialty, as well as determine the time for performing the surgical procedure after a positive test. Method: This is a retrospective cohort study, in a large, philanthropic hospital in São Paulo, carried out from March to September 2020, based on the analysis of medical records. Results:There were 4,870 surgical procedures, of which 3,688 patients underwent a PCR test. The occurrence of positive and asymptomatic surgical patients was 1.7%; in the epidemiological profile, there is a predominance of males, middle-aged, with ASA II anesthetic risk classification and in procedures of the spe-cialties of orthopedics, urology, gynecology, and gastroenterology. The test was carried out two days before the procedure and the presence of patients with symptoms within 14 days after testing was 0.5%. Conclusion: The occurrence of positive and asymptomatic surgical patients was small within the quantita-tive analyzed, the findings of this study are similar to those of national and international studies in relation to specialty, comorbidities, and age

Objetivo: Analizar la ocurrencia de pacientes quirúrgicos asintomáticos con prueba COVID-19 positiva, delimitar el perfil epidemiológico, iden-tificar el tipo de cirugía y especialidad, así como determinar el tiempo para realizar el procedimiento quirúrgico luego de una prueba positiva. Método:Este es un estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, en un gran hospital filantrópico de São Paulo, realizado de marzo a septiembre de 2020, basado en el análi-sis de registros médicos. Resultados: Se realizaron 4.870 procedimientos quirúrgicos, de los cuales se recolectó examen PCR a 3.688 pacientes. La ocur-rencia de pacientes quirúrgicos positivos y asintomáticos fue de 1,7%; en el perfil epidemiológico predomina el sexo masculino, de mediana edad, con clasificación de riesgo anestésico ASA II y en procedimientos de las especialidades de ortopedia, urología, ginecología y gastroenterología. La prueba se realizó dos días antes del procedimiento y la presencia de pacientes con síntomas dentro de los 14 días posteriores a la prueba fue del 0,5%. Conclusión:La ocurrencia de pacientes quirúrgicos positivos y asintomáticos fue pequeña dentro de lo cuantitativo analizado, los hallazgos de este estudio son simi-lares a los de estudios nacionales e internacionales en relación a especialidad, comorbilidades y edad

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