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In this study, PROP adsorption was investigated using activated carbon derived from Bactris Guineensis residues and physical statistical modeling. The characterization results indicate high specific surface areas (624.72 and 1125.43 m2 g-1) and pore diameters (2.703 and 2.321 nm) for the peel and stone-activated carbon, respectively. Adsorption equilibrium was investigated at different temperatures (298 to 328 K), and it was found that the adsorption capacity increased with temperature, reaching maximum values of 168.7 and 112.94 mg g-1 for the peel and stone-activated carbon, respectively. The application of physical statistical modeling indicates that a monolayer model with one energy site is adequate for describing both systems, with an R2 above 0.986 and a low BIC of 20.021. According to the steric parameters, the density of molecules per site tends to increase by 116.9% for the stone and 61.6% for the peel. In addition, the model indicates that the number of molecules decreases with increasing temperature from 1.36 to 0.81 and from 1.03 to 0.82. These results indicate that temperature controls the number of receptor sites and the orientation in which propranolol is adsorbed at the surface. The adsorption energies were similar for both systems (approximately 10 kJ mol-1), which indicates that the adsorption occurred due to physical interactions. Finally, the application of thermodynamic potential functions indicates that the maximum entropy is reached at concentrations of half-saturation (Ce 3.85 and 4.6 mg L-1), which corresponds to 1.60 × 10-18 and 1.86 × 10-18 kJ mol-1 K-1 for the stone and peel, respectively. After this point, the number of available sites tends to decrease, which indicates the stabilization of the system. The Gibbs energy tended to decrease with increasing concentration at equilibrium, reaching minimum values of - 1.73 × 10-19 and - 1.99 × 10-19 kJ mol-1, respectively. Overall, the results obtained here further elucidate how the adsorption of propranolol occurs for different activated carbons from the same source.

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BACKGROUND: Cachaça (Brazilian spirit) is an alcoholic beverage of cultural and economic importance in Brazil. Its artisanal production is usually conducted in copper alembics, which results in contamination. The development of effective biosorbents from cheap matrices is an alternative to minimize both solid waste generation and copper levels in cachaça. The present work evaluates the obtention of nanocellulose-based materials from the major residue generated during the processing of palm heart from the Brazilian peach palm, through different processing techniques. Materials were characterized by physicochemical composition and their sorbent capacities for copper removal from aqueous solutions, and a simulation was conducted to evaluate potential application in the adequacy of cachaça to meet Brazilian legislation requirements. RESULTS: The different processing methods resulted in different cellulose concentrations, with the highest concentration in the bleached material (B3, 694 g kg-1 of cellulose), and different specific surface areas (1.02-12.4 m2 g-1). Copper adsorption onto nanocellulose obtained from peach palm external sheath is fast, with a predominance of a chemisorption mechanism. Isotherms were best represented by Langmuir's model, suggesting a monolayer adsorption. Simulations indicate that B3 is a suitable material for the removal of copper from cachaça, and small amounts of biosorbent (733.5 g) are required for the reduction of copper concentrations (10 to 3 mg L-1) in 1000 L of cachaça. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that the obtention of biosorbents from peach palm solid residues is promising and this nanocellulose-based material can be used for copper removal from contaminated cachaça. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

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This study represents a pioneering investigation and comparative analysis of lipid extracts from four different colors of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes Kunt) fruits-red, yellow, green, and white-by employing a green method based on ethanolic ultrasound-assisted extraction. This study examined the extraction yield, physico-chemical-quality attributes, chromatographic profiles (GC), color measurements, total carotenoid content, differential thermogravimetry (TG/DTA), and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The obtained lipid extracts displayed a high quality, considering the physico-chemical parameters of the Codex Alimentarius, and a fatty acids profile characterized by unsaturated fatty acids, notably omegas (ω-3, ω-6, and ω-9). The indices of atherogenicity (A.I.), thrombogenicity (I.T.), and hypocholesterolemic and hypercholesterolemic ratios revealed superior outcomes for the red peach palm lipid extract (approximately 0.35, 0.52, and 2.75, respectively), along with higher levels of ß-carotene (748.36 µg of ß-carotene per 100 g-1 of lipid extract) compared to the yellow, green, and white counterparts. Consequently, this research successfully demonstrates the efficacy of using a green extraction method in preserving the lipid's quality, which can display cardiovascular functionality and thermal stability. These findings underscore the considerable potential of peach palm lipid extract as a valuable raw material for diverse industrial applications across various sectors. The results support its utilization in the production of functional food products and nutraceuticals due to its favorable fatty acid composition, potent antioxidant properties exhibited by its high ß-carotene content, and notable cardiovascular functionality indices.

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The peach palm (Bactrisgasipaes) is an important alternative for heart-of-palm extraction, showing precocity, rusticity and high tillering. The seeds of this species are considered recalcitrant making storage for long periods and production of seedlings difficulty. This identified a combination of moisture content of peach palm seeds and temperature during storage for longer seed longevity. Seeds with 35% and 45% of moisture content (wet basis - wb) were storage at 20 °C and 25 ºC during 180 days. The evaluations were carried out every 60 days by the germination test, emergence in sand, shoot length, diameter of stem, shoot dry matter, root dry matter and moisture content. It was observed that seeds with moisture content of 45% wb showed better performance during storage. The storage at 20 ºC provides higher seed quality maintenance. Peach palm seeds maintain their viability for 120 days when stored with moisture content of 45% wb at 20 ºC.

A pupunha (Bactris gasipaes) é uma importante alternativa para a extração de palmito, apresentando precocidade, rusticidade e alto grau de perfilhamento. As sementes desta espécie são consideradas recalcitrantes, dificultando o armazenamento por longos períodos e a produção de mudas. Neste trabalho objetivou-se identificar uma combinação de teor de água das sementes de pupunha e temperatura durante o armazenamento para maior longevidade das sementes. Foram utilizadas sementes com teor de água de 35% e 45% (base úmida - bu), armazenadas a 20 °C e 25 ºC por 180 dias. As avaliações foram realizadas a cada 60 dias, por meio do teste de germinação, emergência em areia, comprimento da parte aérea, diâmetro de coleto, massa de matéria seca de parte aérea, massa de matéria seca de raiz das plantas e teor de água das sementes. Observou-se que as sementes com teor de água de 45% tiveram desempenho superior durante o armazenamento. A temperatura de 20 ºC proporciona maior manutenção da qualidade das sementes. Sementes de pupunha mantêm sua viabilidade durante 120 dias, quando armazenadas com teor de água de 45% a 20 ºC.

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'Tucum-do-cerrado' (Bactris setosa) is an edible fruit from the Brazilian 'Cerrado' biome marked by a high antioxidant potential and polyphenol content when compared to other fruits from the same biome. Its antioxidant activity is higher in the peel than in the pulp. Ethanolic and aqueous peel extracts were analyzed by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. We also investigated the aqueous peel extract for its antioxidant mechanism and isolated some of its compounds using high-performance liquid chromatography. Among the extracts tested, the aqueous peel extract exhibited the highest FRAP values, with a predominant free radical scavenger activity. The isolated compounds were identified as two catechins, a cyanidin, a peonidin, and a quercetin. Testing the antioxidant potential of the isolated compounds using the 2-deoxyribose degradation assay revealed that catechin and quercetin showed the highest antioxidant activity. Thus, our results advance the identification of 'tucum-do-cerrado' compounds with antioxidant activity.

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A pre-Columbian staple, Bactris gasipaes Kunth. is a palm tree domesticated around 4000 years ago, so appreciated that a Spanish chronicler wrote in 1545, "only their wives and children were held in higher regard" by the Mesoamerican natives. The peach palm is an integral part of the foodways and gastronomy of Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, and other tropical American countries; meanwhile, it is almost unknown in the rest of the world, except for hearts of palm. Although abundant, the species faces anthropogenic threats. The purpose of this study is to describe and summarize the physicochemical, nutritional, and bioactive characteristics of the peach palm and its two main alimentary products: hearts of palm and fruits, highlighting the functional and antioxidant potential of the latter, showing both ancestral and modern uses. There is active research on peach palm products and coproducts that aim for better, more sustainable uses of its traditional and recently found properties. The review and presentation of studies on this strategically relevant species can motivate the protection of endangered populations and stimulate new lines of research to advance development in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, with fair trade, sustainable development goals, and adaptation to climate change in mind.

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Arecaceae palm tree fruits (APTFs) with pulp or kernel rich in oil are widely distributed in six Brazilian biomes. APTFs represent a great potential for the sustainable exploitation of products with high added value, but few literature studies have reported their properties and industrial applications. The lack of information leads to underutilization, low consumption, commercialization, and processing of these fruit species. This review presents and discusses the occurrence of 13 APTFs and the composition, physicochemical properties, bioactive compounds, and potential applications of their 25 oils and fats. The reported studies showed that the species present different lipid profiles. Multivariate analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) indicated a correlation between the composition of pulp and kernel oils. Myristic, caprylic, capric, and lauric acids are the main saturated fatty acids, while oleic acid is the main unsaturated. Carotenoids and phenolic compounds are the main bioactive compounds in APTFs, contributing to their high oxidative stability. The APTFs oils have a potential for use as foods and ingredients in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biofuel industries. However, more studies are still necessary to better understand and exploit these species.

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The objective was to evaluate the influence of diets on lambs using different levels of peach palm meal as a replacement for maize (0, 10, 40, 60, and 85% of diet dry matter) on the endogenous creatinine clearance (CC), urine concentration ratio of purine derivatives to creatinine (PDC index), and daily creatinine excretion (DCE) as a marker to estimate purine derivatives (PD) excretion from urinary spot samples collected at different time points (4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 h after morning feeding) compared to 24-h total urine collection. The measured parameters were voluntary intake, urinary volume, CC, DCE, the concentration of plasma creatinine, and PD and purine derivatives' excretion (PDE). Five lambs were allocated to metabolic cages and distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square. Urine collection was taken daily on days 16 to 19 of each experimental period. The inclusion of peach palm meal linearly reduced the intake of dry matter (g kg BW−0.75, p = 0.005), crude protein (g kg BW−0.75, p = 0.010), metabolizable energy (MJ kg BW−0.75, p = 0.010) and CC (p < 0.0001). It also quadratically affected the urinary volume (p = 0.008) and DCE (p = 0.004). There was a linear decrease for PDC index (p = 0.032) and PDE (p < 0.0001) measured in the 24-h total urine with peach palm meal levels. The different times of spot urine sampling did not affect (p > 0.05) the PDC index and PDE. Peach palm meal decreases the CC thereby compromising the use of a mean value of DCE as a PDE marker in spot urine samples. There is greater accuracy when using different values of DCE obtained for each diet as markers for the PDE in spot urine samples. Unconventional foodstuffs of low palatability affecting the voluntary intake of feed change the renal function.

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Palm heart processing generates a large amount of residues like leaves, sheath and stems that have potential for ruminant feeding. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of in natura peach palm heart (Bactris gasipaes Khunt.) residues on performance, dry matter (DM) digestibility and intake of ruminants. External sheath was the most suitable residue for sheep, cattle and buffaloes feeding, although sheep presented rejection of 43.5 g kg-1. Thereby, assays of apparent and in vitro dry matter digestibility were done under four feeding treatments, which were the exclusive peach palm sheath, and that one mixed with residues of banana and rice, besides citrus pulp. The experiment was carried out under randomized complete design, with five replications. Greater DM intake (p < 0.05) were observed in animals fed with peach palm sheath mixed with rice (1.12 kg day-1) and mixed with citrus pulp (0.91 kg day-1), however there were no difference among treatments regarding the sheep final weight (p > 0.05). Cattle and buffaloes accept different types of peach palm residues, unlike sheep that present a low rejecting for them. Citrus pulp and rice residue raise the roughage quality. Peach palm residues can be an alternative roughage source to feed ruminants.(AU)

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In this work, two types of flour from peach palm fruits (Bactris gasipaes) were prepared to be used to produce cookies: one with the whole fruit (pulp + peel) and another one with only the pulp. Analyses of proximate composition, physicochemical and hygroscopic behaviour were carried out in both flour, as well as sensory analysis of the produced cookies. Both the types of flour did not differ statistically in total lipids, total carbohydrates and ashes (p > 0.05). Among the mathematical models tested for the prediction of the hygroscopic behaviour of both flour, Halsey model showed the best fit to the experimental data (R2 = 0.99 and P<10%). The cookies produced with both types of peach palm flour presented low moisture (4.9-6.2%), high lipid content (25.56-26.37%) and total carbohydrates (59.10-61.84%), resulting in a product with high total energetic value (501.8-502.8 kcal/100 g). Based on the results of acceptance test, both cookie formulations presented good sensory acceptance (>70%). The purchase intention inquiry showed that the cookie prepared with the whole fruit flour presented the highest percentage of purchase intention (85%), which demonstrate that the use of peach palm peels in the development of new food products represent an excellent alternative for the use of by-products.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o balanço de nitrogênio e a concentração de ureia no plasma em cabritos alimentados com dietas contendo farinha de pupunha em substituição ao milho (0, 10, 40, 60 e 85% MS). Trinta cabritos Boer × SRD, com 90 dias de idade e peso corporal inicial de 16,7 ± 3,5kg, foram distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com seis repetições. As dietas foram fornecidas diariamente ad libitum para permitir 10% das sobras. Três coletas foram realizadas a cada 28 dias. As dietas foram constituídas por milho, farelo de soja, farinha de pupunha, suplemento mineral e feno de Tifton-85, com a relação volumoso: concentrado de 30:70. O consumo de nitrogênio (N) diminuiu linearmente à medida que a farinha de pupunha substituiu o milho no concentrado. Com relação ao N digerido, os animais alimentados com níveis de farinha de pupunha apresentaram valores inferiores aos alimentados com o milho como única fonte de energia, com médias de 14,9 e 17,1g dia-1, respectivamente. A excreção urinária de N diminuiu à medida que a farinha de pupunha substituiu o milho no concentrado. O nível de 39% de farinha de pupunha reduziu a excreção urinária de ureia. Houve retenção máxima de N em 7,83g dia-1 para o nível de substituição de milho de 28,9% em farinha de pupunha.(AU)

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Fruits are widely recognized as sources of biologically active metabolites, such as antioxidant compounds. In this context, fruits commonly consumed in the central Amazonia, especially in its biggest metropolis (Manaus - AM/Brazil), are attractive as potential sources of antioxidant compounds related to biological activities. Most of such fruits are still poorly studied and/or remain unknown outside the Amazon region. Therefore, this study aims to investigate nine fruits (abiu, cubiu, biribá, breadfruit, genipap, peach palm, murici, soursop, and umari) regarding their chemical composition (fixed and volatile), reducing capacity, antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxicity. Determination of small organic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, flavan-3-ols and flavonoid aglycones was done by HPLC-MS/MS, whereas determination of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was done by HS-SPME/GC-MS. Reducing capacity was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activities were evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and H-ORACFL assays. In vitro activities regarding inhibition of enzymes were tested for α-glucosidase, lipase, and α-amylase, and anti-glycation activities were evaluated for methylglyoxal and fructose. Cytotoxicity of fruit extracts was evaluated by cell viability of human fibroblast cell line (MRC-5). A total of 16 antioxidant compounds and 139 VOCs were determined, whose profiles were unique for each studied fruit. Total phenolic contents as well as antioxidant activities found herein were similar or even higher than those reported for several traditional fruits. Some of fruit extracts were able to inhibit α-glucosidase and glycation in methylglyoxal and fructose models, whereas none of them was active for lipase and α-amylase. All of the fruit extracts showed to be non-cytotoxic to MRC-5 cell line.

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It was aimed in this study to evaluate the ensiled pejibaye residue in the feeding of ruminants as roughage. For the in vitro digestibility assay, a randomized block design was used, with four treatments (pejibaye residue without additives; pejibaye residue + banana residue; pejibaye residue + rice residue and pejibaye residue + citrus pulp), with four replications. The variables studied were: chemical composition, specific mass, pH, average particle size, fermentation temperature and fermentative losses. Apparent digestibility was performed with sheep in a completely randomized design, to evaluate the same treatments mentioned above, using five replications. Heart-of-palm pejibaye residue silages showed average particle size, pH and density values within the range appropriate for their manufacture. Among the additives used in this study, silage with 15 g/100g of rice provided improvements in several nutritional parameters, such as DM, NDF, ADF, CF and NDF/NFC. High moisture content impairs the ensiling process, but it was solved with high dry matter content ingredients addition to promote the material stability.(AU)

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o resíduo de pupunha ensilada na alimentação de ruminantes como volumoso. Para o ensaio de digestibilidade in vitro, foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos (resíduo de pupunha sem aditivos; resíduo de pupunha + resíduo de banana; resíduo de pupunha + resíduo de arroz e resíduo de pupunha + polpa cítrica), com quatro repetições. As variáveis estudadas foram: composição bromatológica, massa específica, pH, tamanho médio de partícula, temperatura de fermentação e perdas fermentativas. A digestibilidade aparente foi realizada com ovinos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, para avaliar os quatro tratamentos mencionados acima, usando cinco repetições. As silagens apresentaram valores adequados para matéria seca, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro/carboidratos não fibrosos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a eficiência do uso de silagens de resíduo de pupunha como volumoso na alimentação de ruminantes, o que pode servir como ferramenta para a sustentabilidade da cadeia de produção de pupunha e animal nas regiões onde os negócios coexistem.(AU)

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The objective of the present work was to evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation profile, and degradation parameters of the neutral detergent fiber of three silages made with the waste from production of heart of peach of palm, which consisted of leaf, leaf sheath, and their compound (55% leaf and 45% leaf sheath). The waste was packed in experimental silos and open after sixty days of fermentation; silage samples were collected for determination of chemical composition and degradation parameters of neutral detergent fiber at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation in vitro. A difference was detected in the dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin contents between the three types of silage. The leaf silage showed a higher fractional degradation rate and a higher potentially digestible fraction of neutral detergent fiber over the 96 h of incubation. As for the fermentative parameters, silage made with the leaf showed a higher pH (3,79) and lactic acid (1,18%), acetic acid (0,39%) and propionic acid (0,24%). The butyric acid was higher for compound silage (0,012%) and ammoniacal nitrogen was higher for sheath silage (0,94%). The leaf silage displayed better chemical characteristics, fermentation parameters and in vitro degradability properties, proving to be the silage with best nutritional value for feeding ruminants.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a composição química, o perfil fermentativo e os parâmetros da degradação da fibra em detergente neutro de três silagens do resíduo da produção do palmito pupunha, sendo estas silagens de folha, bainha foliar e composta (55% de folha e 45% de bainha foliar). O resíduo foi acondicionado em silos experimentais e aberto após sessenta dias de fermentação com retirada de amostras das silagens para a determinação da composição química e dos parâmetros de degradação da fibra em detergente neutro nos tempos de 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 e 96 horas de incubação in vitro. Houve diferença no teor de matéria seca entre os três tipos de silagem, assim como para a proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido e lignina. A silagem de folhas apresentou maior taxa de degradação fracional e maior fração potencialmente degradável da fibra em detergente neutro ao longo das 96 horas de incubação. Quanto aos parâmetros fermentativos, a silagem feita com a folha apresentou maiores valores de pH (3,79) e ácido lático (1,18%), ácido acético (0,39%) e ácido propiônico (0,24%). O ácido butírico foi maior para a silagem composta (0,012%) e o nitrogênio amoniacal foi maior para a silagem de bainha (0,94%). A silagem de folha apresentou melhores características químicas, parâmetros fermentativos e características de degradabilidade in vitro, demostrando ser a silagem com melhor valor nutricional para alimentação de animais ruminantes.

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ABSTRACT The objective of the present work was to evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation profile, and degradation parameters of the neutral detergent fiber of three silages made with the waste from production of heart of peach of palm, which consisted of leaf, leaf sheath, and their compound (55% leaf and 45% leaf sheath). The waste was packed in experimental silos and open after sixty days of fermentation; silage samples were collected for determination of chemical composition and degradation parameters of neutral detergent fiber at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation in vitro. A difference was detected in the dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin contents between the three types of silage. The leaf silage showed a higher fractional degradation rate and a higher potentially digestible fraction of neutral detergent fiber over the 96 h of incubation. As for the fermentative parameters, silage made with the leaf showed a higher pH (3,79) and lactic acid (1,18%), acetic acid (0,39%) and propionic acid (0,24%). The butyric acid was higher for compound silage (0,012%) and ammoniacal nitrogen was higher for sheath silage (0,94%). The leaf silage displayed better chemical characteristics, fermentation parameters and in vitro degradability properties, proving to be the silage with best nutritional value for feeding ruminants.

RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a composição química, o perfil fermentativo e os parâmetros da degradação da fibra em detergente neutro de três silagens do resíduo da produção do palmito pupunha, sendo estas silagens de folha, bainha foliar e composta (55% de folha e 45% de bainha foliar). O resíduo foi acondicionado em silos experimentais e aberto após sessenta dias de fermentação com retirada de amostras das silagens para a determinação da composição química e dos parâmetros de degradação da fibra em detergente neutro nos tempos de 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 e 96 horas de incubação in vitro. Houve diferença no teor de matéria seca entre os três tipos de silagem, assim como para a proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido e lignina. A silagem de folhas apresentou maior taxa de degradação fracional e maior fração potencialmente degradável da fibra em detergente neutro ao longo das 96 horas de incubação. Quanto aos parâmetros fermentativos, a silagem feita com a folha apresentou maiores valores de pH (3,79) e ácido lático (1,18%), ácido acético (0,39%) e ácido propiônico (0,24%). O ácido butírico foi maior para a silagem composta (0,012%) e o nitrogênio amoniacal foi maior para a silagem de bainha (0,94%). A silagem de folha apresentou melhores características químicas, parâmetros fermentativos e características de degradabilidade in vitro, demostrando ser a silagem com melhor valor nutricional para alimentação de animais ruminantes.

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It was aimed in this study to evaluate the ensiled pejibaye residue in the feeding of ruminants as roughage. For the in vitro digestibility assay, a randomized block design was used, with four treatments (pejibaye residue without additives; pejibaye residue + banana residue; pejibaye residue + rice residue and pejibaye residue + citrus pulp), with four replications. The variables studied were: chemical composition, specific mass, pH, average particle size, fermentation temperature and fermentative losses. Apparent digestibility was performed with sheep in a completely randomized design, to evaluate the same treatments mentioned above, using five replications. Heart-of-palm pejibaye residue silages showed average particle size, pH and density values within the range appropriate for their manufacture. Among the additives used in this study, silage with 15 g/100g of rice provided improvements in several nutritional parameters, such as DM, NDF, ADF, CF and NDF/NFC. High moisture content impairs the ensiling process, but it was solved with high dry matter content ingredients addition to promote the material stability.

Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o resíduo de pupunha ensilada na alimentação de ruminantes como volumoso. Para o ensaio de digestibilidade in vitro, foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos (resíduo de pupunha sem aditivos; resíduo de pupunha + resíduo de banana; resíduo de pupunha + resíduo de arroz e resíduo de pupunha + polpa cítrica), com quatro repetições. As variáveis estudadas foram: composição bromatológica, massa específica, pH, tamanho médio de partícula, temperatura de fermentação e perdas fermentativas. A digestibilidade aparente foi realizada com ovinos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, para avaliar os quatro tratamentos mencionados acima, usando cinco repetições. As silagens apresentaram valores adequados para matéria seca, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, proteína bruta e fibra em detergente neutro/carboidratos não fibrosos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a eficiência do uso de silagens de resíduo de pupunha como volumoso na alimentação de ruminantes, o que pode servir como ferramenta para a sustentabilidade da cadeia de produção de pupunha e animal nas regiões onde os negócios coexistem.

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Peach palm is a domesticated palm commercially important for the production of fruits and hearts of palm. Somatic embryogenesis, an effective technique for mass propagation, was successfully established for this species. Furthermore, a temporary immersion system improved plant regeneration. However, production can be further improved by understanding the peach palms growth dynamic and modifications of culture media. The aims of this study were to evaluate the growth of plantlets cultured in different culture media in a temporary immersion system and to correlate the results with nutrient uptake during the growth period. Somatic embryo-derived young plantlets approximately 1 cm in length were cultivated for 12 weeks in a twin flask system containing MS, Y3 or N6 salts, Morel and Wetmore vitamins and 3% sucrose, with a monthly medium refreshment. Growth was measured and mineral analysis of the plantlets was carried out after 12 weeks of culture. The Y3 and MS salts were the most appropriate for the plant growth. Number of roots was 52.52% higher and the root size was 40.42% between the N6 and MS medium and the root number in Y3 medium was 37.74% greater than in MS medium, which is important for post acclimatization survival. K and Na are important elements for peach palm. N is not required at such a high concentration as in Murashige and Skoog formulation. The Chu (N6) medium did not generate high quality plantlets, possibly due to the absence of some micronutrients, like Mo, Cu and Co.(AU)

A pupunheira é uma palmeira comercialmente importante para a produção de palmito. A embriogênese somática, técnica efetiva para propagação massal, foi estabelecida com sucesso para essa espécie. Além disso, um sistema de imersão temporária aumentou a regeneração de plantas. Entretanto, a produção pode ser melhorada através da compreensão da dinâmica de crescimento e modificações do meio de cultura. O estudo objetivou avaliar o crescimento de plantas em diferentes meios de cultura em um sistema de imersão temporária e correlacionar os resultados com a absorção de nutrientes durante o período de crescimento. Plantas derivadas de embriões somáticos, com aproximadamente 1 cm de comprimento, foram cultivadas por 12 semanas em um sistema tipo frasco gêmeo contendo sais do MS, Y3 ou N6, vitaminas de Morel e Wetmore e 3% de sacarose, com renovação mensal do meio de cultura. O crescimento e os teores de nutrientes nas plantas foram determinados após 12 semanas de cultivo. Os sais do MS e Y3 foram os mais apropriados para o crescimento vegetal. O número e comprimento de raízes foi 52,52% e 40,42% maior no meio MS do que no meio N6, respectivamente, e o número de raízes no meio Y3 foi 37,74% maior que no meio MS, o que é importante para a sobrevivência após a aclimatização. K e Na foram os nutrientes mais importantes para a pupunheira. O N não foi requerido em altas concentrações como verificado na formulação do meio Murashige e Skoog. O meio de Chu (N6) não gerou plantas de boa qualidade, possivelmente devido à ausência dos micronutrientes Mo, Cu e Co.(AU)

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The objective of the present work was to evaluate the chemical composition, fermentation profile, and degradation parameters of the neutral detergent fiber of three silages made with the waste from production of heart of peach of palm, which consisted of leaf, leaf sheath, and their compound (55% leaf and 45% leaf sheath). The waste was packed in experimental silos and open after sixty days of fermentation; silage samples were collected for determination of chemical composition and degradation parameters of neutral detergent fiber at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h of incubation in vitro. A difference was detected in the dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin contents between the three types of silage. The leaf silage showed a higher fractional degradation rate and a higher potentially digestible fraction of neutral detergent fiber over the 96 h of incubation. As for the fermentative parameters, silage made with the leaf showed a higher pH (3,79) and lactic acid (1,18%), acetic acid (0,39%) and propionic acid (0,24%). The butyric acid was higher for compound silage (0,012%) and ammoniacal nitrogen was higher for sheath silage (0,94%). The leaf silage displayed better chemical characteristics, fermentation parameters and in vitro degradability properties, proving to be the silage with best nutritional value for feeding ruminants.(AU)

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a composição química, o perfil fermentativo e os parâmetros da degradação da fibra em detergente neutro de três silagens do resíduo da produção do palmito pupunha, sendo estas silagens de folha, bainha foliar e composta (55% de folha e 45% de bainha foliar). O resíduo foi acondicionado em silos experimentais e aberto após sessenta dias de fermentação com retirada de amostras das silagens para a determinação da composição química e dos parâmetros de degradação da fibra em detergente neutro nos tempos de 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 e 96 horas de incubação in vitro. Houve diferença no teor de matéria seca entre os três tipos de silagem, assim como para a proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido e lignina. A silagem de folhas apresentou maior taxa de degradação fracional e maior fração potencialmente degradável da fibra em detergente neutro ao longo das 96 horas de incubação. Quanto aos parâmetros fermentativos, a silagem feita com a folha apresentou maiores valores de pH (3,79) e ácido lático (1,18%), ácido acético (0,39%) e ácido propiônico (0,24%). O ácido butírico foi maior para a silagem composta (0,012%) e o nitrogênio amoniacal foi maior para a silagem de bainha (0,94%). A silagem de folha apresentou melhores características químicas, parâmetros fermentativos e características de degradabilidade in vitro, demostrando ser a silagem com melhor valor nutricional para alimentação de animais ruminantes.(AU)

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ABSTRACT: Peach palm is a domesticated palm commercially important for the production of fruits and hearts of palm. Somatic embryogenesis, an effective technique for mass propagation, was successfully established for this species. Furthermore, a temporary immersion system improved plant regeneration. However, production can be further improved by understanding the peach palm's growth dynamic and modifications of culture media. The aims of this study were to evaluate the growth of plantlets cultured in different culture media in a temporary immersion system and to correlate the results with nutrient uptake during the growth period. Somatic embryo-derived young plantlets approximately 1 cm in length were cultivated for 12 weeks in a twin flask system containing MS, Y3 or N6 salts, Morel and Wetmore vitamins and 3% sucrose, with a monthly medium refreshment. Growth was measured and mineral analysis of the plantlets was carried out after 12 weeks of culture. The Y3 and MS salts were the most appropriate for the plant growth. Number of roots was 52.52% higher and the root size was 40.42% between the N6 and MS medium and the root number in Y3 medium was 37.74% greater than in MS medium, which is important for post acclimatization survival. K and Na are important elements for peach palm. N is not required at such a high concentration as in Murashige and Skoog formulation. The Chu (N6) medium did not generate high quality plantlets, possibly due to the absence of some micronutrients, like Mo, Cu and Co.

RESUMO: A pupunheira é uma palmeira comercialmente importante para a produção de palmito. A embriogênese somática, técnica efetiva para propagação massal, foi estabelecida com sucesso para essa espécie. Além disso, um sistema de imersão temporária aumentou a regeneração de plantas. Entretanto, a produção pode ser melhorada através da compreensão da dinâmica de crescimento e modificações do meio de cultura. O estudo objetivou avaliar o crescimento de plantas em diferentes meios de cultura em um sistema de imersão temporária e correlacionar os resultados com a absorção de nutrientes durante o período de crescimento. Plantas derivadas de embriões somáticos, com aproximadamente 1 cm de comprimento, foram cultivadas por 12 semanas em um sistema tipo frasco gêmeo contendo sais do MS, Y3 ou N6, vitaminas de Morel e Wetmore e 3% de sacarose, com renovação mensal do meio de cultura. O crescimento e os teores de nutrientes nas plantas foram determinados após 12 semanas de cultivo. Os sais do MS e Y3 foram os mais apropriados para o crescimento vegetal. O número e comprimento de raízes foi 52,52% e 40,42% maior no meio MS do que no meio N6, respectivamente, e o número de raízes no meio Y3 foi 37,74% maior que no meio MS, o que é importante para a sobrevivência após a aclimatização. K e Na foram os nutrientes mais importantes para a pupunheira. O N não foi requerido em altas concentrações como verificado na formulação do meio Murashige e Skoog. O meio de Chu (N6) não gerou plantas de boa qualidade, possivelmente devido à ausência dos micronutrientes Mo, Cu e Co.

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There is an increased interest in the consumption of healthier and innovative meat products. This study aimed to produce lamb burgers by replacing pork fat by peach palm by-product flour ­ PPF. The burgers were produced with lambs that had a safflower seed-supplemented diet. The PPF was added at levels of 0% (H0), 3% (H3), 6% (H6) and 9% (H9) in the substitution of fat. The flour produced with peach palm by-product showed high fiber content (63.9%) and high capacity of water absorption (8.1 g.g-1) and oil absorption (3.8 g.g-1). The PPF addition increased the cooking yield (68.2 - 77.0%), moisture retention (38.5 - 43.4%) and dietary fiber content (3.2 - 7.0%) in relation to H0, while the color parameters were similar among the formulations. The sensorial attributes overall appearance and aroma did not differ (p>0.05) in the lamb burgers produced, but the highest scores for flavor, texture and purchase intention were observed for H0, H3 and H6. PPF addition to lamb burgers increased the hardness values, and it did not affect elasticity and cohesiveness. The microbiological parameters showed that the formulations are safe for consumption. Therefore, PPF can be considered a low-cost alternative to nutritional enrichment of lamb burgers, being the level of 6% the most recommended due to the sensorial acceptance.

Há um interesse crescente pelo consumo de produtos à base de carne mais saudáveis e inovadores. O objetivo deste estudo foi produzir hambúrgueres de cordeiro, substituindo a gordura de porco por farinha de subproduto de palmito pupunha - FPP. Os hambúrgueres foram produzidos com a carne obtida de cordeiros que tiveram dieta suplementada com sementes de cártamo. A FPP foi adicionada nos níveis de 0% (H0), 3% (H3), 6% (H6) e 9% (H9) em substituição à gordura. A farinha produzida com subproduto de palmito pupunha apresentou alto teor de fibras (63,9%) e alta capacidade de absorção de água (8,1 g.g-1) e absorção de óleo (3,8 g.g-1). A adição de FPP aumentou o rendimento após cocção (68,2 - 77,0%), a retenção de umidade (38,5 - 43,4%) e o teor de fibra alimentar (3,2 - 7,0%) em relação a amostra H0, enquanto os parâmetros de cor foram semelhantes entre as formulações. Os atributos sensoriais aparência geral e aroma não diferiram (p > 0,05) entre os hamburgueres produzidos, mas, as maiores notas para sabor, textura e intenção de compra foram observadas para H0, H3 e H6. A adição de FPP aos hambúrgueres de cordeiro aumentou os valores de dureza e não afetou a elasticidade e a coesão. Os parâmetros microbianos mostraram que as formulações são seguras para consumo. Portanto, a FPP pode ser considerada uma alternativa de baixo custo para o enriquecimento nutricional de hambúrgueres de cordeiro, sendo o nível de 6% o mais recomendado devido à aceitação sensorial.

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