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Blood biochemistry represents a minimally invasive tool for monitoring sea turtle health, assessing injured sea turtles and supporting conservation strategies. In Grenada, West Indies, plasma biochemical variables were examined in 33 nesting leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea), 49 foraging green (Chelonia mydas), 49 foraging hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata) and 12 nesting hawksbill sea turtles sampled between 2017 and 2022. Plasma biochemistry reference intervals are described herein except for nesting hawksbills, which are represented by descriptive statistics due to the low sample size. Select analyte concentrations were positively correlated with curved carapace length in leatherbacks (chloride), green turtles (total protein, albumin and globulin) and foraging hawksbills (total protein, albumin and phosphorus). Cholesterol (7.8 mmol/l ± 1.6 SD) and triglyceride (6.9 mmol/l ± 1.9 SD) concentrations were significantly higher in leatherbacks compared to foraging green turtles, foraging hawksbills and nesting hawksbills (P < 0.001 for all). Cholesterol was significantly higher in nesting hawksbills compared to foraging green turtles (P = 0.050) and foraging hawksbills (P = 0.050). Foraging hawksbills demonstrated significantly higher aspartate transaminase activities than leatherbacks (P = 0.002), green turtles (P = 0.009) and nesting hawksbills (P < 0.001). Biochemical results provide baseline population health data and support guidance for treatments during clinical sea turtle rehabilitation efforts. They also provide insight into species-specific physiologic differences and preludes further studies to better characterize the impacts of life-stage class on biochemistry reference intervals to better support wild sea turtle populations in Grenada.

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BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors may be associated with multiple immune-related toxicities. Cardiovascular adverse effects are underreported in clinical trials. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate cardiovascular adverse effects incidence among patients with solid tumors receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors in randomized clinical trials and the relative risk of presenting these effects compared to placebo or best supportive care. The search was conducted through MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases from January 1st, 2010 until July 1st, 2020. Outcomes were reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. RESULTS: 57 randomized clinical trials including 12,118 patients were included. All grade CV AEs incidence rate was 8.32% (95% CI = 6.35%-10.53%). When only grade 3-5 CV AEs were considered, ICIs were significantly associated with increased risk than placebo or BSC (RR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.06-1.73; p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis corroborates the hypothesis of increased CV risk related to immune checkpoint inhibitors.

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BACKGROUND: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) activates a photosensitizer by visible light to generate cytotoxic oxygen species that lead to cell death. With proper illumination, PDT is often used in applications on superficial and sub-surface lesions. Sporotrichosis infection occurs by Sporothrix fungi which causes a skin wound, worsened by Candida albicans infections. This study investigated the photosensitizing efficiency of the Ru(phen)2(pPDIp)(PF6)2 complex, RupPDIp, against S. brasiliensis and C. albicans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: RupPDIp efficiency against these fungi was tested using 450 nm (blue light and 36 J/cm2) and 525 nm (green light, 25.2 J/cm2) at 0.05-20 µM concentrations. To ensure PDT effectiveness, control groups were tested in the absence and in the presence of RupPDIp under light irradiation and in the dark. RESULTS: RupPDIp eliminated both fungi at ≤5.0 µM. Green light showed the best results, eliminating S. brasiliensis and C. albicans colonies at RupPDIp 0.5 µM and 0.05 µM, respectively. CONCLUSION: RupPDIp is a promising photosensitizer in aPDT, eliminating 106 CFU/mL of both fungi at 450 nm and 525 nm, with lower light doses and concentrations when treated with the green light compared to the blue light.

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El lenguaje médico, como todo lenguaje científico, no persigue fines estéticos, creativos, lúdicos ni recreativos como sería el caso del lenguaje literario, sino fines informativos, didácticos y comunicativos. Los epónimos, así como los diferentes tipos de abreviaciones (abreviaturas, siglas y símbolos), han formado parte del lenguaje de la humanidad desde más de una veintena de siglos y son especialmente abundantes en los lenguajes de las especialidades, tanto de la medicina como de otras ciencias. Así como del lenguaje común y popular, estos han formado parte del lenguaje desde tiempos inmemoriales, y son especialmente abundantes en los lenguajes médico-científicos. Normalmente se utilizan como recurso para honrar, ganar tiempo y ahorrar espacio, cuando esté en su contenido se percibe bien, su uso revela notoriamente un ahorro en la comunicación médica; de no emplearlos, en cada caso habría que hacer una exposición o descripción relativamente amplia de la enfermedad o el signo de que se trata. Sin embargo, pueden producir problemas de comunicación entre los profesionales de los diferentes niveles asistenciales, debido a su imprecisión y a su carencia de equivalencia internacional, lo que puede llevar a confundir la realidad que tratan de describir, ya que un mismo término o abreviatura puede tener diferentes significados, lo que puede suscitar interpretaciones erróneas con posibles consecuencias graves. En este artículo se revisan las razones de su existencia que definen su construcción y uso, se describen los problemas de su utilización en la comunicación medico científica en la actualidad.

Medical language, like all scientific language, does not pursue aesthetic, creative, leisure and recreational purposes as would be the case in literary language, but informative, educational and communication purposes. Eponyms and the different types of abbreviations (abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols) have been part of the language of humanity for over twenty centuries and are especially abundant in the languages for both specialties in medicine, and other sciences. On the common and popular language, these elements have been part of the language since ancient times, and are especially abundant in the medical-scientific languages. Normally are used as a resource to honor, to save time and save space, when its content is perceived well, notoriously it reveals a saving in medical communication; not to use them, in each case would have to make a relatively large exposure or description of the disease or of the sign in question. However, they can cause communication problems between professionals of different levels of care, due to their imprecision and their lack of international equivalence, which may lead to confusing the reality they are trying to describe since the same term or abbreviation could have different meanings, which can lead to misinterpretations with potentially serious consequences. This article discusses the reasons for their existence which define their construction and uses, problems of its use in medical scientific communication at present are also described.

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INTRODUÇÂO, com a finalidade de conheceras opiniões e percepções, este estudo avaliou o impacto que têm um sistema de auto expansão de abreviaturas na satisfação dos usuários em nosso Hospital. MÉTODO, o método foi mixto, com entrevistas semi estruturadas, entre dezembro 2015 e janeiro 2016, onde foram incorporados 7 médicos de diferentes especialidades. Enviou-se previamente o questionário por e-mail e finalmente se realizou um analise descritivo das perguntas. RESULTADOS, a maioria esteve "bastante satisfeita" com a utilidade do aplicativo, mais da metade respondeu que é "bastante fácil" ou "muito fácil" de usar. DISCUSSÃO-CONCLUSÃO, os profissionais consideraram que o uso do aplicativo melhorou a comunicação escrita, diminuiu os erros, favoreceu a compreensão e melhorou o seu trabalho. Vários encontraram significados errados, poucos observaram as mudanças solicitadas nas sugestões. Melhorar o suporte e a qualidade da informação, que limitam o grau de conformidade, aumentaria o nível de satisfação.

INTRODUCTION, in order to know the opinions and perceptions, this study evaluates the user satisfaction and impact of a Synchronous Self-expanding Abbreviation (SSA) system in our Hospital. METHODS, mixed methods research with semi-structured interviews from December 2015 to January 2016, were included for convenience 7 doctors ofdifferent specialties. The survey was previously sent by email and finally a descriptive analysis of the questions was performed. RESULTS, most were "quite satisfied" with the usefulness of the application, more than half said it is " fairly easy" or "very easy" to use. DISCUSSION-CONCLUSION, professionals considered that the use of application improves the written communication, reduces errors, promotes understanding and improves their work. Many users found wrong meanings, few observed the changes requested in the suggestions. Improve support and quality of information, which limit the degree of conformity, would increase the level of satisfaction.

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Shortening as a word building process has become very productive in present day English. Abbreviations in nursing have also found a way for professional and quick communication. The main goals of this article, based on actual teaching-learning problems, is to provide some practical activities to give the learners opportunities to get acquainted with and practice abbreviations in an effective and communicative way, and to provide a glossary of the most frequently used abbreviations by nurses.

El uso de abreviaturas como proceso de construcción de palabras se ha vuelto muy productivo en el Inglés actual. Las abreviaciones también han encontrado un camino para la comunicación profesional y rápida. Los principales objetivos de este artículo, son proporcionar algunas oportunidades prácticas para brindar a los que aprenden oportunidades de familiarizarse y practicar abreviaturas de una forma eficaz y comunicativa, y proporcionar un glosario de las abreviaturas utilizadas más frecuentemente por las enfermeras.

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