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BACKGROUND: The increase in cases of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) underlines the urgency of finding effective methods to slow its progression. Given the limited effectiveness of current pharmacological options to prevent or treat the early stages of this deterioration, non-pharmacological alternatives are especially relevant. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a cognitive-motor intervention based on immersive virtual reality (VR) that simulates an activity of daily living (ADL) on cognitive functions and its impact on depression and the ability to perform such activities in patients with MCI. METHODS: Thirty-four older adults (men, women) with MCI were randomized to the experimental group (n = 17; 75.41 ± 5.76) or control (n = 17; 77.35 ± 6.75) group. Both groups received motor training, through aerobic, balance and resistance activities in group. Subsequently, the experimental group received cognitive training based on VR, while the control group received traditional cognitive training. Cognitive functions, depression, and the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) were assessed using the Spanish versions of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-S), the Short Geriatric Depression Scale (SGDS-S), and the of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL-S) before and after 6-week intervention (a total of twelve 40-minutes sessions). RESULTS: Between groups comparison did not reveal significant differences in either cognitive function or geriatric depression. The intragroup effect of cognitive function and geriatric depression was significant in both groups (p < 0.001), with large effect sizes. There was no statistically significant improvement in any of the groups when evaluating their performance in ADLs (control, p = 0.28; experimental, p = 0.46) as expected. The completion rate in the experimental group was higher (82.35%) compared to the control group (70.59%). Likewise, participants in the experimental group reached a higher level of difficulty in the application and needed less time to complete the task at each level. CONCLUSIONS: The application of a dual intervention, through motor training prior to a cognitive task based on Immersive VR was shown to be a beneficial non-pharmacological strategy to improve cognitive functions and reduce depression in patients with MCI. Similarly, the control group benefited from such dual intervention with statistically significant improvements. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06313931; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06313931 .
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Actividades Cotidianas , Cognición , Disfunción Cognitiva , Realidad Virtual , Humanos , Disfunción Cognitiva/terapia , Disfunción Cognitiva/rehabilitación , Disfunción Cognitiva/etiología , Disfunción Cognitiva/psicología , Femenino , Masculino , Anciano , Método Simple Ciego , Cognición/fisiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Depresión/terapia , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Problematic use of opioids by older adults is associated with adverse effects and has become a public health crisis worldwide. Ageing-related disabilities in activities of daily living (ADL) could promote unnecessary use of opioids in this population. This study evaluates the association between ADL disability and opioid consumption in Brazilian older adults. STUDY DESIGN: Study design- cross-sectional secondary data analysis of the second wave of the Brazil Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil). METHODS: Data from the second wave of the Brazil Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil) were used. Older adults with chronic pain were included. ADL disability was measured using the Katz Index. The primary outcome was opioid consumption for chronic pain. The primary association was explored using logistic regression models adjusting for predetermined confounders. Sensitivity analyses evaluating model performance were done by calibrating and validating the model using randomly split equal sets. RESULTS: In those who reported presence of chronic pain (n = 2865), the prevalence of opioid use was 29% (95% CI:23.1%-35.6%). In adjusted models, participants with moderate and severe ADL disability had 1.6 (95% CI:1.13-2.32; P = 0.009) and 3.8 (95% CI: 1.80-7.90; P < 0.001) times higher odds of opioid consumption compared to no disability, respectively. Being female, alcohol consumption, higher pain intensity, history of dementia, fractures, and presence of ≥2 comorbidities were significantly associated with increased opioid use (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Nearly one-third of the Brazilian elderly population experiencing chronic pain reported using opioids. The functional decline during the process of ageing appears to be a risk factor for pain intolerance and opioid use. Multidisciplinary approaches to detect early ADL disabilities and improve mobility and access to assistive technologies need to be established to prevent opioid overuse and addiction in elderly populations.
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Actividades Cotidianas , Analgésicos Opioides , Dolor Crónico , Personas con Discapacidad , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiología , Femenino , Dolor Crónico/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Anciano , Analgésicos Opioides/efectos adversos , Analgésicos Opioides/uso terapéutico , Estudios Transversales , Personas con Discapacidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Longitudinales , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más AñosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Maximal treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing is the gold standard for assessing functional capacity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). PURPOSE: Primarily to investigate the concurrent validity between three field tests and cardiopulmonary exercise testing in these patients. METHODS: Patients performed the cardiopulmonary exercise testing, a six-minute walk test, an incremental shuttle walk test, and, the Glittre-ADL test. For cardiopulmonary exercise testing, the ten seconds with the higher average of the peak oxygen uptake obtained within the last 30 seconds were considered; for six-minute walk test and incremental shuttle walk test, the longer distance; and for the Glittre-ADL test, the shorter time spent. Concurrent validity was assessed using different regression models based on the best adjustment of the data. RESULTS: Twenty-two patients with IPF were assessed, aged: 68 ± 8.1 years, 13 male. Patients presented a peak oxygen uptake of 16.5 ± 3.6 mL.kg-1.min1, achieving a distance of 512.6 ± 102.8 meters in the six-minute walk test and 415.7 ± 125.1 meters in incremental shuttle walk test. The walking distance in the six-minute walk test and the incremental shuttle walk test explained, respectively, 64% and 56% peak oxygen uptake variance observed in the cardiopulmonary exercise testing (R2 = 0.64,p < .001; R2 = 0.56,p < .001). The time spent in the Glittre-ADL test was 233.4 ± 88.7 seconds and explained 47% of the peak oxygen uptake variance observed in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (R2 = 0.47,p = .001). CONCLUSION: The six-minute walk test, incremental shuttle walk test, and Glittre-ADL test were considered valid tests to explain the peak oxygen uptake variance obtained by the cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with IPF.
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Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotypes may introduce different characteristics that need to be known to improve treatment. Respiratory oscillometry provides a detailed analysis and may offer insight into the pathophysiology of COPD. In this paper, we used this method to evaluate the differences in respiratory mechanics of COPD phenotypes. Patients and Methods: This study investigated a sample of 83 volunteers, being divided into control group (CG = 20), emphysema (n = 23), CB (n = 20) and asthma-COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS, n = 20). These analyses were performed before and after bronchodilator (BD) use. Functional capacity was evaluated using the GlittreADL test, handgrip strength and respiratory pressures. Results: Initially it was observed that oscillometry provided a detailed description of the COPD phenotypes, which was consistent with the involved pathophysiology. A correlation between oscillometry and functional capacity was observed (r=-0.541; p = 0.0001), particularly in the emphysema phenotype (r = -0.496, p = 0.031). BD response was different among the studied phenotypes. This resulted in an accurate discrimination of ACOS from CB [area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) = 0.84] and emphysema (AUC = 0.82). Conclusion: These results offer evidence that oscillatory indices may enhance the comprehension and identification of COPD phenotypes, thereby potentially improving the support provided to these patients.
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Asma , Enfisema , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Enfisema Pulmonar , Humanos , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Pulmón , Oscilometría/métodos , Fuerza de la Mano , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Broncodilatadores/uso terapéutico , Fenotipo , Rendimiento Físico FuncionalRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease that significantly limits an individual's activities of daily living (ADLs) and negatively affects their social participation as it progresses. The impact of activities and participation must be continuously assessed, and the Glittre-ADL is a validated test for MS to assess functional capacity in tasks similar to ADLs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the Glittre-ADL test is a valid method for assessing functional mobility in individuals with MS and moderate disability or those who use assistive devices. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled 30 individuals in two groups: 1) MS group (n = 15); and 2) healthy control group (n = 15). The MS group underwent three functional mobility tests: 1) Glittre-ADL; 2) Timed 25-Foot Walk (T25FWT); and 3) Timed Up and Go (TUG) while the healthy group underwent only the Glittre-ADL test. RESULTS: An association was found between the Glittre-ADL time and T25FWT (r = 0.78, p < .001) and TUG (r = 0.56, p = .030) times. In the MS group, statistically significant differences were found in time (F = 2.88, p = .038) and speed (F = 5.17, p = .024) between laps. A statistically significant difference was observed between the total time in the MS and control groups (Area Under Curve - AUC: 0.982, p < .0001). A total time > 46.0s represents the reduction of functional performance during ADLs in individuals with MS (sensitivity: 93.3%; specificity: 92.2%). CONCLUSION: The Glittre-ADL test is a valid tool for assessing functional mobility in individuals with MS and mild to moderate disability (EDSS score ≤ 6.5).
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Se presentan los resultados dela tesis doctoral sobre los deseos y defensas (y sus estados) de la madre de una niña abusada sexualmente, con el objetivo de conocer su estructuración subjetiva en este difícil acontecimiento. Se trata de un estudio de caso en el que se usa como método el Algoritmo David Liberman (ADL), en el análisis del discurso de la madre, seleccionadas tres sesiones y una carta manuscrita. El estudio de deseos y defensas puede contribuir a describir y conocer el posicionamiento subjetivo de una madre frente a la situación abusiva de su hija, y como ésta es vivida por ella AU
The results of the doctoral thesis on the wishes and defenses (and their states) of the mother of a sexually abused girl are presented, with the aim of knowing her subjective structuring in this difficult event. This is a case study in which the David Liberman Algorithm (ADL) is used as a method in the analysis of the mother's speech, three sessions and a handwritten letter selected. The study of desires and defenses can contribute to describing and knowing the subjective position of a mother in the face of her daughter's abusive situation, and how it is experienced by her AU
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Humanos , Femenino , Niño , Terapia Psicoanalítica/métodos , Abuso Sexual Infantil/legislación & jurisprudencia , Narrativas Personales como Asunto , Habla , Mecanismos de Defensa , Relaciones Familiares/psicologíaRESUMEN
Background and Objectives: Many older adults face physical limitations to performing activities of daily life (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily life (IADLs) and seek help performing them. In Mexico, family caregivers, especially spouses and adult children, traditionally take care of older adults. However, a detailed characterization of the care received has not been thoroughly provided. We sought to identify socioeconomic, demographic, and health-related differences in receiving help among older adults reporting physical limitations. Research Design and Methods: Using the 2012 wave of the Mexican Health and Aging Study, we provided information on adults aged 60 and older who reported one or more physical limitations and whether they received help or not. We estimated 2 logistic regression models to obtain the odds ratios (ORs) of receiving help among individuals with an ADL limitation and those with an IADL limitation. Results: Adults with ADL limitations received, on average, approximately 10.7 hr of assistance per day, whereas those with at least 1 IADL limitation received around 7.7 hr of help per day. Women were more likely to receive help with ADLs than men (OR = 2.35). Individuals with chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and arthritis also received more help with both ADLs and IADLs. Discussion and Implications: Our work suggests that help received does respond to the care needs of older adults, but future research should focus on the burden of care for caregivers and expand this analysis using a longitudinal data approach.
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BACKGROUND: For people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) the ability to perform functional activities for a prolonged duration is important for completion of daily tasks. While the Glittre-ADL test measures time taken to complete a series of functional activities, there is no test of endurance capacity for common daily activities. RESEARCH QUESTION: Is the Glittre Endurance test a valid and responsive test to measure endurance capacity for functional daily tasks in people with COPD? METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study. Fifty-seven participants with COPD (mean ± SD age:69 ± 7 years; FEV1:48 ± 18%predicted) were recruited. All participants performed the Glittre-ADL test without a backpack (Glittre-ADL-noBP). Nine participants (Group A) performed a Glittre Endurance test at 90% of the speed to complete one lap of the Glittre-ADL-noBP. 48 participants (Group B) performed two Glittre Endurance tests at 100% of Glittre-ADL-noBP speed. The time to voluntary cessation or not keeping up with target pace was the test outcome. RESULTS: Mean ± SD of the Glittre Endurance test was 12.11 ± 6.43 min and 6.90 ± 4.40 min for the test at 90% and 100% speeds, respectively. When the 100% Glittre Endurance test 2 was compared to test 1, there was a 14% increase in test time, indicating a learning effect (p = 0.005). Following pulmonary rehabilitation (n = 20) the Glittre Endurance test increased by 3.12 min (29%), and the Glittre-ADL-noBP reduced by 0.33 min (10%). CONCLUSION: The Glittre Endurance test performed at 100% of the Glittre-ADL-noBP speed provided an appropriate endurance test time, and was more sensitive to change following pulmonary rehabilitation than the Glittre-ADL-noBP.
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Actividades Cotidianas , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Anciano , Estudios Transversales , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estado Nutricional , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , Pruebas de Función RespiratoriaRESUMEN
Objective: To investigate the demographic, clinical and cognitive correlates of functional capacity and its awareness in people with dementia (PwD; n = 104), mild cognitive impairment (PwMCI; n = 45) and controls (healthy older adults; n = 94) in a sample from a middle-income country. Methods: Dementia and MCI were diagnosed, respectively, with DSM-IV and Petersen criteria. Performance in activities of daily living (ADL) at three different levels [basic (The Katz Index of Independence), instrumental (Lawton instrumental ADL scale) and advanced (Reuben's advanced ADL scale)], measured through self- and informant-report, as well as awareness (discrepancy between self- and informant-report), were compared between groups. Stepwise regression models explored predictors of ADL and their awareness. Results: PwD showed impairment in all ADL levels, particularly when measured through informant-report. No differences were seen between controls and PwMCI regardless of measurement type. PwD differed in awareness of instrumental and basic, but not of advanced ADL, compared to controls. Age, gender, education and fluency were the most consistent predictors for ADL. Diagnosis was a significant predictor only for instrumental ADL. Awareness of basic ADL was predicted by memory, and awareness of instrumental ADL was predicted by general cognitive status, educational level, and diagnosis. Conclusion: Results reinforce the presence of lack of awareness of ADL in PwD. Use of informant-reports and cognitive testing for fluency are suggested for the clinical assessment of ADL performance. Finally, assessment of instrumental ADL may be crucial for diagnostic purposes.
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The Assisted Living Environments Research Area-AAL (Ambient Assisted Living), focuses on generating innovative technology, products, and services to assist, medical care and rehabilitation to older adults, to increase the time in which these people can live. independently, whether they suffer from neurodegenerative diseases or some disability. This important area is responsible for the development of activity recognition systems-ARS (Activity Recognition Systems), which is a valuable tool when it comes to identifying the type of activity carried out by older adults, to provide them with assistance. that allows you to carry out your daily activities with complete normality. This article aims to show the review of the literature and the evolution of the different techniques for processing this type of data from supervised, unsupervised, ensembled learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, transfer learning, and metaheuristics approach applied to this sector of science. health, showing the metrics of recent experiments for researchers in this area of knowledge. As a result of this article, it can be identified that models based on reinforcement or transfer learning constitute a good line of work for the processing and analysis of human recognition activities.
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Inteligencia Ambiental , Personas con Discapacidad , Actividades Cotidianas , Anciano , Actividades Humanas , Humanos , TecnologíaRESUMEN
Purpose: Respiratory oscillometry has emerged as a powerful method for detecting respiratory abnormalities in COPD. However, this method has not been widely introduced into clinical practice. This limitation arises, at least in part, because the clinical meaning of the oscillometric parameters is not clear. In this paper, we evaluated the association of oscillometry with functional capacity and its ability to predict abnormal functional capacity in COPD. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study investigated a control group formed by 30 healthy subjects and 30 outpatients with COPD. The subjects were classified by the GlittreADL test and handgrip strength according to the functional capacity. Results: This study has shown initially that subjects with abnormal functional capacity had a higher value for resistance (p < 0.05), reactance area (Ax, p < 0.01), impedance modulus (Z4, p < 0.05), and reduced dynamic compliance (Cdyn, p < 0.05) when compared with subjects with normal functional capacity. This resulted in significant and consistent correlations among resistive oscillometric parameters (R=-0.43), Cdyn (R=-0.40), Ax (R = 0.42), and Z4 (R = 0.41) with exercise performance. Additionally, the effects of exercise limitation in COPD were adequately predicted, as evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) obtained by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The best parameters for this task were R4-R20 (AUC = 0.779) and Ax (AUC = 0.752). Conclusion: Respiratory oscillometry provides information related to functional capacity in COPD. This method is also able to predict low exercise tolerance in these patients. These findings elucidate the physiological and clinical meaning of the oscillometric parameters, improving the interpretation of these parameters in COPD patients.
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Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Actividades Cotidianas , Estudios Transversales , Volumen Espiratorio Forzado , Fuerza de la Mano , Humanos , Oscilometría , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/diagnóstico , EspirometríaRESUMEN
Background: While efforts have been made to validate intrinsic capacity (IC) as a multidimensional indicator of healthy aging in high-income countries, we still need evidence from lower-income countries. We examined associations of IC with wide ranges of activities of daily living in a nationally representative sample of Brazilians aged≥50 years. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis included 7175 participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging. IC domains (cognitive, psychological, sensory, locomotor, and vitality) were determined using self-reported and physical performance measures. IC was operationalized through factorial analysis. We investigated associations of IC and its domains with functional ability in basic, instrumental, and advanced activities of daily living (ADL, IADL, and AADL) using logistic regressions adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and modifiable risk factors. Findings: The IC bi-factorial model revealed satisfactory goodness-of-fit. Preserved ability in ADL and IADL, respectively, ranged from 69% and 29% to 89% and 74% across IC quartiles. In adjusted analyses, every standard deviation increment in IC composite score was associated with almost twice the odds of preserved ADL (OR=1·72; 95%CI=1·54-1·93), preserved IADL (OR=1·95; 95%CI=1·77-2·16), and high performance in AADL (OR=1·79; 95%CI=1·59-2·00). Similar results were reported using the IC domains as predictors. Although age, race/ethnicity, and education did not modify associations of IC with functional ability, we found sex differences with stronger relationships of IC with preserved ADL or IADL in females. Interpretation: Our results support IC validity and reliability to measure healthy aging in diverse socioeconomic and cultural settings. Incorporating IC in routine practices can promote holistic and person-centered care approaches in aging societies. Funding: The Brazilian Ministry of Health and Ministry of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Communication.
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Background: The Weber classification based on peak VO2 is a well-established method for categorizing patients with heart failure (HF) regarding severity. However, other submaximal tests such as the Glittre ADL-Test have been gaining prominence in practice due to a coherent and more comprehensive correlation with limitations for performing activities of daily living in patients with heart failure.Objective: To investigate the correlation between the time required to perform the Glittre ADL-Test and the peak VO2 in patients with HF.Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted with 40 adult individuals (21 to 65 years) diagnosed with HF of all etiologies, with LVEF<50% and NYHA II and III.Results: The average time for performing the Glittre ADL-Test was 284.9 seconds, and a significant difference was found between Weber classification classes A and C (p = .01). Significant correlations with peak VO2 were also found (r = -0.424 - p < .01). Thirty (30) patients performed a second test, and the ICC found in the reproducibility analysis was 0.75 (95% CI 0.14-0.91) and p < .01.Conclusion: The Glittre ADL-Test was able to reflect the functional performance of individuals with HF, suggesting that it represents an evaluation tool which can be safely used in clinical practice.
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Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica , Actividades Cotidianas , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This study examines hierarchical patterns of progression in activities of daily living (ADL) disabilities among older adults in low- and middle-income countries. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Data from WHO's SAGE survey (2007-2010) on adults aged 60 and above in China, India, Russia, Ghana, Mexico, and South Africa, were analyzed. We used factor analysis and Rasch modelling to develop ADL hierarchies for cross-national comparisons. RESULTS: Data fitted the Rasch model well and Cronbach's α were 0.80-0.87 across countries. Based on scaled logit scores, "walking" was the most difficult item for older adults in five of the six countries. Older persons in developing countries also found "transferring" to/from beds challenging. "Eating" and "dressing" ranked lower in the hierarchies, thus perceived as easier than other activities. Sequences were most compact for China, Mexico, and India, implying that older adults in these countries who have difficulty "walking" are at high risk of developing the rest of the disabilities. CONCLUSION: This is the first study that used Rasch analysis to demonstrate that functional loss sequences in various developing countries share certain broad similarities. Interventions targeted at improving walking and transferring activities can help offset certain deficits in independent functioning for community-dwelling elderly in these countries.
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Actividades Cotidianas/psicología , Envejecimiento/psicología , Personas con Discapacidad/psicología , Personas con Discapacidad/estadística & datos numéricos , Limitación de la Movilidad , Caminata/psicología , Caminata/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , China , Estudios Transversales , Países en Desarrollo/estadística & datos numéricos , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Ghana , Humanos , India , Masculino , México , Persona de Mediana Edad , Federación de Rusia , Sudáfrica , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The Glittre-ADL test (GA-T) is a functional capacity test that stands out for encompassing multiple tasks similar to activities of daily living. As ventilatory efficiency is one of the variables valued in the prognosis of chronic heart failure (CHF), this study aimed to evaluate associations between functional capacity and ventilatory variables in patients with CHF during the GA-T. RESULTS: Eight patients with CHF and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification II-III underwent the GA-T coupled with metabolic gas analysis to obtain data by means of telemetry. The median total GA-T time was 00:04:39 (00:03:29-00:05:53). Borg dyspnoea scale scores before and after the GA-T were 2 (0-9) and 3 (1-10), respectively (P = 0.011). The relationship between the regression slope relating minute ventilation to carbon dioxide output (VE/VCO2 slope) was correlated with the total GA-T time (rs = 0.714, P = 0.047) and Borg dyspnoea score (rs = 0.761, P = 0.028). The other ventilatory variables showed no significant correlations. Our results suggest that the total GA-T time can be applied to estimate the ventilatory efficiency of patients with CHF. Future studies may use the GA-T in conjunction with other functional capacity tests to guide the treatment plan and evaluate the prognosis.
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Actividades Cotidianas , Insuficiencia Cardíaca , Disnea/diagnóstico , Prueba de Esfuerzo , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Humanos , Oxígeno , Consumo de OxígenoRESUMEN
Currently, many applications have emerged from the implementation of software development and hardware use, known as the Internet of things. One of the most important application areas of this type of technology is in health care. Various applications arise daily in order to improve the quality of life and to promote an improvement in the treatments of patients at home that suffer from different pathologies. That is why there has emerged a line of work of great interest, focused on the study and analysis of daily life activities, on the use of different data analysis techniques to identify and to help manage this type of patient. This article shows the result of the systematic review of the literature on the use of the Clustering method, which is one of the most used techniques in the analysis of unsupervised data applied to activities of daily living, as well as the description of variables of high importance as a year of publication, type of article, most used algorithms, types of dataset used, and metrics implemented. These data will allow the reader to locate the recent results of the application of this technique to a particular area of knowledge.
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Actividades Cotidianas , Análisis por Conglomerados , Calidad de Vida , Algoritmos , HumanosRESUMEN
With the reduction of intergenerational temporal transfers, financial transfers from adult offspring to their elderly parents are prevailing in rural China. Although much has been done, little is known about the association between the expansion of intergenerational transfers and rural old peoples physical health in China. The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of intergenerational financial transfers on the elders physical health in rural China. Using data collected from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), panel data fixed effect model and threshold model are employed to estimate the impact of intergenerational financial transfers on the old peoples physical health in rural areas. Results showed that; although, the intergenerational financial transfers have a positive effect on the old peoples physical health, no linear relationship exists between them. Intergenerational financial transfers are clearly less effective for low-income old peoples physical health than those of middle-income, while the effect on high-income old peoples health is the most insignificant. Studies concerning the effect of intergenerational financial transfers on the elders health in developing countries remain limited. Findings of this paper provided great insights into how intergenerational transfers, such as intergenerational financial transfers, may affect the well-beings of old residents in rural areas. Additionally, this study can offer inspiration to policy makers regarding what measures they should take to enhance rural old residents well-beings.(AU)
Com a redução de transferências temporais intergeracionais, as transferências financeiras da prole adulta a seus pais idosos estão prevalecendo em China rural. Embora muito tenha sido feito, pouco se sabe sobre a associação entre a expansão das transferências intergeracionais e a saúde física dos idosos rurais na China. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar o efeito das transferências financeiras intergeracionais sobre a saúde física dos anciãos na China rural. Usando dados coletados do estudo longitudinal de saúde e aposentadoria da China (CHARLS), o modelo de efeito fixo de dados do painel e o modelo de limiar são empregados para estimar o impacto das transferências financeiras intergeracionais na saúde física dos idosos em áreas rurais. Os resultados mostram que, embora as transferências financeiras intergeracionais tenham um efeito positivo na saúde física dos idosos, não existe relação linear entre eles. As transferências financeiras intergeracionais são claramente menos eficazes para a saúde física de idosos de baixa renda do que as de renda média, enquanto o efeito sobre a saúde de idosos de alta renda é o mais insignificante. Os estudos sobre o efeito das transferências financeiras intergeracionais sobre a saúde dos anciãos nos países em desenvolvimento permanecem limitados. Os achados deste artigo fornecem grandes insights sobre como as transferências intergeracionais, e as transferências financeiras intergeracionais podem afetar o bem-estar de idosos residentes em áreas rurais. Além disso, este estudo pode oferecer inspiração para os decisores políticos sobre as medidas que devem tomar para melhorar o bem-estar dos residentes rurais.(AU)
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Humanos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Renta , Salud Rural , Estatus Económico , Indicadores Económicos , Medio Rural , China , Estudios LongitudinalesRESUMEN
Las contribuciones para la interpretación psicoanalítica cualitativa de el Z-Test (Zulliger) propuesta aquí se basan en la interpretación de símbolos y los deseos predominantes desde la perspectiva de los conceptos argentinos y freudianos de: Liberman, Maldavsky y Sneiderman. El análisis cualitativo de cada símbolo emergente en el Z-Test y la argumentación de las respuestas consisten en un discurso caracterizado por estilos comunicacionales y corrientes psíquicas que dan forma a la personalidad presente en las fases del desarrollo psicosexual: primario y secundario oral, primario y secundario anal, fálico uretral, fálico genital y libido intrasomática. Este trabajo es um rcorte de la tesis doctoral "Um estudo dos símbolos e dos desejos com o Z-Teste e Questionário Desiderativo na avaliação psicológica da personalidade para uso e o porte de armas de fogo, no Brasil" realizada en el Doctorado en Psicología de UCES(AU)
The contributions for the qualitative psychoanalytic interpretation of the Z-Test (Zulliger) proposed here are based on the interpretation of symbols and the predominant wishes from the perspective of the Argentine and Freudian concepts of: Liberman, Maldavsky and Sneiderman. The qualitative analysis of each emerging symbol in the Z-Test and the argumentation of the answers consist of a discourse characterized by communicational styles and psychic currents that shape the personality present in the phases of psychosexual development: primary and secondary oral, primary and secondary anal, phallic urethral, phallic genital and intrasomatic libido. This work is a part of the doctoral thesis "Um estudo dos símbolos e dos desejos com o Z-Teste e Questionário Desiderativo na avaliação psicológica da personalidade para uso e o porte de armas de fogo, no Brasil" carried out in the Doctorate in Psychology at UCES(AU)
Asunto(s)
Interpretación Psicoanalítica , Pruebas Psicológicas , Estudios de Evaluación como AsuntoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT: With the reduction of intergenerational temporal transfers, financial transfers from adult offspring to their elderly parents are prevailing in rural China. Although much has been done, little is known about the association between the expansion of intergenerational transfers and rural old people's physical health in China. The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of intergenerational financial transfers on the elders' physical health in rural China. Using data collected from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), panel data fixed effect model and threshold model are employed to estimate the impact of intergenerational financial transfers on the old people's physical health in rural areas. Results showed that; although, the intergenerational financial transfers have a positive effect on the old people's physical health, no linear relationship exists between them. Intergenerational financial transfers are clearly less effective for low-income old people's physical health than those of middle-income, while the effect on high-income old people's health is the most insignificant. Studies concerning the effect of intergenerational financial transfers on the elders' health in developing countries remain limited. Findings of this paper provided great insights into how intergenerational transfers, such as intergenerational financial transfers, may affect the well-beings of old residents in rural areas. Additionally, this study can offer inspiration to policy makers regarding what measures they should take to enhance rural old residents' well-beings.
RESUMO: Com a redução de transferências temporais intergeracionais, as transferências financeiras da prole adulta a seus pais idosos estão prevalecendo em China rural. Embora muito tenha sido feito, pouco se sabe sobre a associação entre a expansão das transferências intergeracionais e a saúde física dos idosos rurais na China. O objetivo deste artigo é examinar o efeito das transferências financeiras intergeracionais sobre a saúde física dos anciãos na China rural. Usando dados coletados do estudo longitudinal de saúde e aposentadoria da China (CHARLS), o modelo de efeito fixo de dados do painel e o modelo de limiar são empregados para estimar o impacto das transferências financeiras intergeracionais na saúde física dos idosos em áreas rurais. Os resultados mostram que, embora as transferências financeiras intergeracionais tenham um efeito positivo na saúde física dos idosos, não existe relação linear entre eles. As transferências financeiras intergeracionais são claramente menos eficazes para a saúde física de idosos de baixa renda do que as de renda média, enquanto o efeito sobre a saúde de idosos de alta renda é o mais insignificante. Os estudos sobre o efeito das transferências financeiras intergeracionais sobre a saúde dos anciãos nos países em desenvolvimento permanecem limitados. Os achados deste artigo fornecem grandes insights sobre como as transferências intergeracionais, e as transferências financeiras intergeracionais podem afetar o bem-estar de idosos residentes em áreas rurais. Além disso, este estudo pode oferecer inspiração para os decisores políticos sobre as medidas que devem tomar para melhorar o bem-estar dos residentes rurais.
RESUMEN
The low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are experiencing rapid population ageing, yet knowledge about disability among older populations in these countries is scarce. This study aims to identify the prevalence and factors associated with disability among people aged 50 years and over in six LMICs. Cross-sectional data from the World Health Organization (WHO) Study on global AGEing and adult health Wave 1 (2007-2010) in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, the Russian Federation, and South Africa was used. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were undertaken to examine the association between sociodemographic factors, health behaviours, chronic conditions, and activities of daily living (ADL) disability. The prevalence of disability among older adults ranged from 16.2% in China to 55.7% in India. Older age, multimorbidity, and depression were the most common factors related to disability in all six countries. Gender was significant in China (OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.29), Ghana (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01-1.48) and India (OR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.37-1.99). Having no access to social capital was significantly associated with ADL disability in China (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.54-4.31) and South Africa (OR = 4.11, 95% CI: 1.79-9.43). Prevalence data is valuable in these six ageing countries, with important evidence on mitigating factors for each. Identifying determinants associated with ADL disability among older people in LMICs can inform how to best implement health prevention programmes considering different country-specific factors.