RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Telmisartan, an angiotensin AT1 receptor blocker, and treadmill running were compared for their effects on bone mineral density (BMD) and biomechanical properties of male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). It was hypothesized that running (18m/min/60min/d) and telmisartan (5mg/kg/d) would have a positive effect on bone parameters. METHODS: Three-month-old male SHRs were divided into three groups: sedentary (S), telmisartan (T), and exercise (E). At the end of an 8-week protocol, femur and lumbar vertebrae were analyzed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for bone mineral density and by the three-point bending test for biomechanical properties. Blood pressure in all groups was measured by a tail-cuff manometer. RESULTS: Telmisartan and treadmill running reduced blood pressure when compared to the sedentary group; however, telmisartan did not improve bone characteristics. Instead, it reduced BMD of femur total and lumbar vertebrae and worsened bone biomechanic properties. Treadmill running maintained bone characteristics and hence was effective in maintaining bone health. CONCLUSION: Results showed that telmisartan negatively affected bones suggesting that caution should be taken in possible therapeutic applications for protecting bone health in hypertensive conditions. More studies are necessary to clarify the mechanisms through which telmisartan favors bone loss in this model.
Asunto(s)
Bloqueadores del Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/farmacología , Bencimidazoles/farmacología , Benzoatos/farmacología , Densidad Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Prueba de Esfuerzo/métodos , Hipertensión/terapia , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/métodos , Bloqueadores del Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/efectos adversos , Bloqueadores del Receptor Tipo 1 de Angiotensina II/uso terapéutico , Animales , Bencimidazoles/efectos adversos , Bencimidazoles/uso terapéutico , Benzoatos/efectos adversos , Benzoatos/uso terapéutico , Densidad Ósea/fisiología , Hipertensión/diagnóstico por imagen , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Masculino , Condicionamiento Físico Animal/fisiología , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , TelmisartánRESUMEN
This work presents a liquid disposal monitoring originated from uranium enrichment process at Aramar Experimental Center from 1990 to 1998. Assessment of uranium, fluorides, ammoniacal nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, and pH measurements were made in water samples and compared with results achieved in other countries, as North America and India. The liquid disposal evaluation, generated by uranium enrichment process, showed low levels, considering most parameters established by Federal and State Legislation, aiming environmental pollution control. However, uranium levels were above the limits established by Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente, Environment Protection Agency and mainly by the World Health Organization.
Asunto(s)
Residuos Industriales/análisis , Uranio/análisis , Eliminación de Residuos Líquidos/métodos , Contaminantes del Agua/análisis , Análisis de la Demanda Biológica de Oxígeno , Brasil , Monitoreo del Ambiente , Fluoruros/análisis , Agua Dulce/química , Residuos Industriales/estadística & datos numéricos , Nitrógeno/análisis , Contaminación del Agua/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
The aim of the present work is the determination of porosity in tablets by using the gamma-ray transmission technique. Tablet dissolution depends on some inherent characteristics of the manufacturing process, such as compression force, tablet volume, density and porosity, nature of excipients, preparation methods and its physical-chemical properties. Porosity is a measure of empty spaces in a material and can be determined by various techniques. In this paper, we propose the use of a gamma-ray transmission technique to obtain the porosity of experimental formulation of tablets. The results of porosity were compared with those obtained by using conventional methodology (density and mercury intrusion). The experimental setup for gamma-ray transmission consists of a gamma-ray source of (241)Am (photons of 59.6 keV and an activity of 3.7 × 10(9)Bq), an NaI(Tl) scintillation detector, collimators and a standard gamma-ray spectrometry electronics. Our results suggest that the gamma-ray transmission technique is a powerful tool for non-destructive porosity quantification of solid pharmaceutical forms and presents smaller errors than those obtained with conventional methodologies.