RESUMEN
To elucidate the host genetic loci affecting severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection, or Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is an emerging issue in the face of the current devastating pandemic. Here, we report a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of COVID-19 in a Japanese population led by the Japan COVID-19 Task Force, as one of the initial discovery GWAS studies performed on a non-European population. Enrolling a total of 2,393 cases and 3,289 controls, we not only replicated previously reported COVID-19 risk variants (e.g., LZTFL1, FOXP4, ABO, and IFNAR2), but also found a variant on 5q35 (rs60200309-A at DOCK2) that was associated with severe COVID-19 in younger (<65 years of age) patients with a genome-wide significant p-value of 1.2 x 10-8 (odds ratio = 2.01, 95% confidence interval = 1.58-2.55). This risk allele was prevalent in East Asians, including Japanese (minor allele frequency [MAF] = 0.097), but rarely found in Europeans. Cross-population Mendelian randomization analysis made a causal inference of a number of complex human traits on COVID-19. In particular, obesity had a significant impact on severe COVID-19. The presence of the population-specific risk allele underscores the need of non-European studies of COVID-19 host genetics.
RESUMEN
Because the corona disaster made group medical training difficult, we conducted resuscitation training for new students and basic medical skills training for fourth-year students without face-to-face instruction using video learning, assessment, and ICT. In the resuscitation training, the students were allowed to take a mannequin home and film themselves performing the resuscitation while learning by video. Later, group and peer assessment were conducted via Zoom, and a significant increase in self-assessment was observed. In the basic medical skills training, the students filmed their own implementation at their own pace while learning by video, and the teachers later conducted video assessment and feedback. The lack of face-to-face instruction made it possible to implement the limb spine training, which had not been possible in previous years. It is necessary to adjust the timing of the video registration by the students and the video assessment by the teachers, and to make further improvements to the system.