RESUMEN

Soil microorganisms play a crucial role as a link between vegetation and soil nutrient cycling. However, it is unclear how vegetation and soil influence microbial community during the ecological restoration process of the Mu Us Desert. Using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) markers and integrating shrub, herbaceous plants, and soil factors, we explored the characteristics and regulations of soil microbial community changes. In this study, we used and took the soil after 10, 30, 50, and 70 years of Caragana korshinskii sand-fixing forest restoration, with moving dunes as a control (0 year). The results showed that the ecological restoration effect index increased significantly with the increase of recovery years. The total PLFA contents in 0, 10, 30, 50, and 70 years were 47.75, 55.89, 63.53, 67.23, and 82.29 nmol·g-1, respectively. With the increases of ecological restoration index, the biomass of fungi and bacteria, as well as the ratio of Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacteria, all showed significant increase, while the biomass of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial communities, and the ratio of fungi to bacteria, demonstrated significant decrease. Shrub, herbaceous plants, and soil factors could explain 72.4% of the vari-ation of soil microbial community composition, with higher contribution of soil factors than vegetation factors. The total content of phospholipid fatty acids of soil microbial community in Mu Us Desert increased with the increases of restoration years. Soil water content, pH, total nitrogen, and soil organic carbon were the main driving factors affecting the characteristics of soil microbial community. With the increases of restoration years of C. korshinskii sand-fixation forests in the Mu Us Desert, there were significant changes in the structure of soil microbial communities, which were primarily driven by soil factors.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Although gapped grain boundaries have often been observed in bulk and nanosized materials, and their crucial roles in some physical and chemical processes have been confirmed, their acquisition at ultrasmall nanoscale presents a significant challenge. To date, they had not been reported in metal nanoparticles smaller than 2 nm owing to the difficulty in characterization and the high instability of grain boundary (GB) atoms. Herein, we have successfully developed a synthesis method for producing a novel chiral nanocluster Au78(TBBT)40 (TBBT = 4-tert-butylphenylthiol) with a 26-atom gapped and rotated GB. This nanocluster was precisely characterized using single-crystal X-ray crystallography and mass spectrometry. Additionally, an offset atomic defect linked to the peripheral Au(TBBT)2 staple was found in the structure. Comparing it to similarly face-centered cubic-structured Au36(TBBT)24, Au44(TBBT)28, Au52(TBBT)32, Au92(TBBT)44, and ~5 nm nanocrystals, the bridging Au78(TBBT)40 nanocluster exhibits higher catalytic activity in the reduction of CO2 to CO. This enhanced activity is well interpreted using density functional theory calculations and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, highlighting the influence of GBs and point defects on the properties of metal nanoclusters.

RESUMEN

Hydrogels, provided that they integrate strength and toughness at desired high content of water, promise in load-bearing tissues such as articular cartilage, ligaments, tendons. Many developed strategies impart hydrogels with some mechanical properties akin to natural tissues, but compromise water content. Herein, a strategy deprotonation-complexation-reprotonation is proposed to prepare polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels with water content as high as ~80% and favorable mechanical properties, including tensile strength of 7.4 MPa, elongation of around 1350%, and fracture toughness of 12.4 kJ m-2. The key to water holding yet improved mechanical properties lies in controllable nucleation for refinement of crystalline morphology. With nearly constant water content, mechanical properties of as-prepared hydrogels are successfully tailored by tuning crystal nuclei density via deprotonation degree and their distribution uniformity via complexation temperature. This work provides a nucleation concept to design robust hydrogels with desired water content, holding implications for practical application in tissue engineering.

RESUMEN

The small G protein Arf1 has been identified as playing a selective role in supporting cancer stem cells (CSCs), making it an attractive target for cancer therapy. However, the current Arf1 inhibitors have limited translational potential due to their high toxicity and low specificity. In this study, two new potent small-molecule inhibitors of Arf1, identified as DU101 and DU102, for cancer therapy are introduced. Preclinical tumor models demonstrate that these inhibitors triggered a cascade of aging in CSCs and enhance anti-tumor immunity in mouse cancer and PDX models. Through single-cell sequencing, the remodeling of the tumor immune microenvironment induced by these new Arf1 inhibitors is analyzed and an increase in tumor-associated CD8+ CD4+ double-positive T (DPT) cells is identified. These DPT cells exhibit superior features of active CD8 single-positive T cells and a higher percentage of TCF1+PD-1+, characteristic of stem-like T cells. The frequency of tumor-infiltrating stem-like DPT cells correlates with better disease-free survival (DFS) in cancer patients, indicating that these inhibitors may offer a novel cancer immunotherapy strategy by converting the cold tumor immune microenvironment into a hot one, thus expanding the potential for immunotherapy in cancer patients.

RESUMEN

Background: Only a small percentage of patients with large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) can undergo surgical resection (SR) therapy while the prognosis of patients with large HCC is poor. However, innovations in surgical techniques have expanded the scope of surgical interventions accessible to patients with large HCC. Currently, most of the existing nomograms are focused on patients with large HCC, and research on patients who undergo surgery is limited. This study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict cancer-specific survival (CSS) in patients with large HCC who will undergo SR. Methods: The study retrieved data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database encompassing patients with HCC between 2010 and 2015. Patients with large HCC accepting SR were eligible participants. Patients were randomly divided into the training (70%) and internal validation (30%) groups. Patients from Air Force Medical Center between 2012 and 2019 who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were used as external datasets. Demographic information such as sex, age, race, etc. and clinical characteristics such as chemotherapy, histological grade, fibrosis score, etc. were analyzed. CSS was the primary endpoint. All-subset regression and Cox regression were used to determine the relevant variables required for constructing the nomogram. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to evaluate the clinical utility of the nomogram. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curve were used to validate the nomogram. The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to assess the CSS of patients with HCC in different risk groups. Results: In total, 1,209 eligible patients from SEER database and 21 eligible patients from Air Force Medical Center were included. Most patients were male and accepted surgery to lymph node. The independent prognostic factors included sex, histological grade, T stage, chemotherapy, α-fetoprotein (AFP) level, and vascular invasion. The CSS rate for training cohort at 12, 24, and 36 months were 0.726, 0.731, and 0.725 respectively. The CSS rate for internal validation cohort at 12, 24, and 36 months were 0.785, 0.752, and 0.734 respectively. The CSS rate for external validation cohort at 12, 24, and 36 months were 0.937, 0.929, and 0.913 respectively. The calibration curve demonstrated good consistency between the newly established nomogram and real-world observations. The Kaplan-Meier curve showed significantly unfavorable CSS in the high-risk group (P<0.001). DCA demonstrated favorable clinical applicability of the nomogram. Conclusions: The nomogram constructed based on sex, histological grade, T stage, chemotherapy and AFP levels can predict the CSS in patients with large HCC accepting SR, which may aid in clinical decision-making and treatment.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the global trends and burden of severe chest injury, including rib fractures, lung contusions, and heart injuries from 1990 to 2019. Herein, we predicted the burden patterns and temporal trends of severe chest injuries to provide epidemiological evidence globally and in China. METHODS: In our analysis, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), prevalence rate (ASPR), and years lived with disability rate (ASYR) of severe chest injury were analyzed by gender, age, sociodemographic index, and geographical region between 1990 and 2019 using data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. Trends were depicted by calculating the estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). The impact of age, period, and cohort factors was assessed using an Age-Period-Cohort model. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was employed to predict severe chest injury trends from 2020 to 2050. RESULTS: In 2019, the global number of severe chest injury cases reached 7.95 million, with the highest incidence rate observed in Central Europe (209.61). Afghanistan had the highest ASIRs at 277.52, while North Korea had the lowest ASIRs at 41.02. From 1990 to 2019, the Syrian Arab Republic saw significant increases in ASIR, ASPR, and ASYR, with EAPCs of 10.4%, 9.31%, and 10.3%, respectively. Burundi experienced a decrease in ASIR with an EAPC of - 6.85% (95% confidence interval [CI] - 11.11, - 2.37), while Liberia's ASPR and ASYR declined with EAPCs of - 3.22% (95% CI - 4.73, - 1.69) and - 5.67% (95% CI - 8.00, - 3.28), respectively. Falls and road injuries remained the most common causes. The relative risk of severe chest injury by age, period, and cohort demonstrated a complex effect globally and in China. The ARIMA model forecasted a steady increase in global numbers from 2020 to 2050, while in China, it forecasted an increase in incidence, a decrease in ASIR and ASYR, and an increase in ASPR. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a groundbreaking analysis of global severe chest injury, shedding light on its measures and impact. These findings highlight the need for timely, specialized care and addressing regional disparities to mitigate the severe chest injury burden.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

Inhibiting the shuttle of polysulfides is of great significance for promoting the practical application of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). Here, an imine-linked covalent organic framework@carbon nanotube (COF@CNT) interlayer composed of triazine and boroxine rings is constructed between the sulfur cathode and the separator for polysulfides reception and reutilization. The introduction of CNT imparts the conductor characteristic to the interlayer attributed to electron tunneling in thin COF shell, and creates a hierarchical porous architecture for accommodating polysulfides. The uniform distribution of amphiphilic adsorption sites in COF microporous structure not only enables efficient entrapment of polysulfides while allowing the penetration of Li+ ions, but also provides a stable electrocatalytic channel for bidirectional conversion of active sulfur to achieve the substantially improved capacity and stability. The interlayer-incorporated LSBs deliver an ultrahigh capacity of 1446 mA g-1 at 0.1C and an ultralow capacity decay rate of 0.019% at 1C over 1500 cycles. Even at an electrolyte/sulfur ratio of 6 µL mg-1, an outstanding capacity of 995 mAh g-1 and capacity retention of 74.1% over 200 cycles at 0.2C are obtained. This work offers a compelling polysulfides entrapment and reactivation strategy for stimulating the study on ultra-stable LSBs.

RESUMEN

Background: SZ-685C, an anthracycline compound derived from the mangrove endophytic fungus Halorosellinia sp. (No. 1403) collected from the South China Sea, has shown strong anticancer activities. Non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) are a type of tumor that can be challenging to manage clinically and have a significant unmet medical need. Our research has found that SZ-685C showed an inhibitory effect on the viability, migration ability, and proliferation ability of a human non-functioning pituitary tumor-derived folliculostellate (PDFS) cell line. Methods: SZ-685C was prepared and purified from the mangrove endophytic fungus No. 1403. PDFS cells were exposed to SZ-685C, and the effect of SZ-685C on PDFS cells was evaluated. RNA sequencing was used to analyze the miRNA expression profile in PDFS cells of the control group and SZ-685C-treated group. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to verify the expression of selected miR-340-3p. The effects of SZ-685C on PDFS cells after overexpression of miR-340-3p were evaluated. Dual-luciferase reporter assays showed PPP1CB is a direct target of miR-340-3p. Finally, the action pathway of the selected miR-340-3p was predicted and evaluated through bioinformatics analysis. Results: SZ-685C reduced cell viability in PDFS cells, accompanied by inhibition of migration ability and proliferation ability. The IC50 value for 24 h is 9.144 ± 0.991 µM, and for 48 h is 4.635 ± 0.551 µM. SZ-685C increased the protein levels of Beclin 1, the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I, and LAMP-1, and down-regulated p62. MiRNA sequencing and further validation showed that miR-340-3p significantly decreased in PDFS cells treated with SZ-685C. After overexpression of miR-340-3p, the inhibition of viability, migration ability, proliferation ability, and autophagy-promoting effect of SZ-685C on PDFS cells were weakened. SZ-685C caused a decrease in PPP1CB expression and activation of the ERK pathway in PDFS cells, and this trend was reversed after overexpression of miR-340-3p. Conclusions: SZ-685C downregulates the expression of miR-340-3p in PDFS cells, thereby reducing the expression of PPP1CB and activating the ERK pathway to promote autophagic cell death, leading to inhibition of PDFS cell growth.

RESUMEN

Skin damage caused by chemical corrosion is currently one of the common skin diseases and poisoning symptoms, with nitrogen mustard compounds causing the most persistent and severe damage. These chemicals penetrate the top layer of the skin, enter the dermis, and cause DNA damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. However, to date, no effective drug treatment has been found. Even the potential antidotes could not effectively penetrate the top layer of the skin to exert their effects due to the skin barrier. To address this problem, an innovative transdermal drug delivery strategy based on aspirin microneedles was proposed. The classic medicine aspirin was first discovered not only to reduce inflammation and oxidative stress but also to promote DNA repair and reduce DNA damage. The aspirin microneedles directly delivered the drug to the damaged area, released aspirin through the skin barrier, and exhibited good biocompatibility. These findings indicate that aspirin microneedles have great potential for promoting wound healing and broad application prospects.

RESUMEN

Cymbidium (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae), with around 60 species, is widely-distributed across Southeast Asia, providing a nice system for studying the processes that underlie patterns of biodiversity in the region. However, phylogenetic relationships of Cymbidium have not been well resolved, hampering investigations of species diversification and the biogeographical history of this genus. In this study, we construct a plastome phylogeny of 56 Cymbidium species, with four well-resolved major clades, which provides a framework for biogeographical and diversification rate analyses. Molecular dating and biogeographical analyses show that Cymbidium likely originated in the region spanning northern Indo-Burma to the eastern Himalayas during the early Miocene (∼21.10 Ma). It then rapidly diversified into four major clades in East Asia within approximately a million years during the middle Miocene. Cymbidium spp. migration to the adjacent regions (Borneo, Philippines, and Sulawesi) primarily occurred during the Pliocene-Pleistocene period. Our analyses indicate that the net diversification rate of Cymbidium has decreased since its origin, and is positively associated with changes in temperature and monsoon intensity. Favorable hydrothermal conditions brought by monsoon intensification in the early Miocene possibly contributed to the initial rapid diversification, after which the net diversification rate was reduced with the cooling climate after the middle Miocene. The transition from epiphytic to terrestrial habits may have enabled adaptation to cooler environments and colonization of northern niches, yet without a significant effect on diversification rates. This study provides new insights into how monsoon activity and temperature changes affected the diversification dynamics of plants in Southeast Asia.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: China published its inaugural national heat-health action plan (HHAP) in 2023, but the mortality burden associated with temperatures exceeding the heat alert thresholds specified by this HHAP (maximum temperatures >35, 37, or 40 °C) remains unknown. We aimed to estimate the historical and future mortality burden associated with temperatures above the heat alert thresholds of the Chinese national HHAP. METHODS: We conducted time-series analyses to estimate the mortality burden associated with temperatures exceeding the three heat alert thresholds from 2016 to 2019 in Jiangsu Province (including 13 cities, population ∼80.7 million), China. A quasi-Poisson regression in conjunction with a distributed lag non-linear model was used to estimate the dose-response association between maximum temperature and mortality risk from 2016 to 2019, adjusting for potential covariates. We then projected the future mortality burden associated with temperatures exceeding these thresholds under three distinct levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission scenarios via scenario shared socioeconomic pathways [SSP] 1-2.6 (low), SSP2-4.5 (intermediate), and SSP5-8.5 (high), respectively, by assuming that there will be no adaptation to heat. Climate scenarios derived from the General Circulation Model (GCM) under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) were used. RESULTS: From 2016 to 2019, temperatures above 35 °C were associated with 0.51% of mortality, including 0.40% associated with 35 °C-37 °C and 0.11% associated with >37 °C. Heat-related mortality risk was most prominent in those who were single/divorced/widowed and had <10 years of education. Under SSP2-4.5, compared with the 2020s, the excess mortality associated with >37 °C would increase by 1.4 times in the 2050s and 1.7 times in the 2090s. Under SSP5-8.5, the annual number of days with maximum temperature >37 °C would approximately double every 20 years (67 days annually in the 2090s). Consequently, compared with the 2020s, the excess mortality associated with >37 °C would increase by 2.8 times in the 2050s and 18.4 times in the 2090s. CONCLUSION: Significant mortality risk is associated with temperatures above the lowest heat alert threshold of the Chinese national HHAP (35 °C). If the high GHG emission scenario occurred, the annual number of days and excess mortality associated with maximum temperatures >37 °C would largely increase in the coming decades.

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with pharmacotherapy is a promising treatment method for depression. However, its treatment mechanism needs further research. METHODS: This study recruited 38 healthy individuals (HC) and 52 patients with severe depression (MDD) and divided patients into two treatment groups: the rTMS combined antidepressant (rTMS+ADP) group and the single antidepressant (ADP) group. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to calculate the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to investigate the functional change after treatment. RESULT: The fALFF in the left DLPFC was significantly lower in the MDD group than that in the HC group (p < 0.05). In addition, fALFF values of the left DLPFC negatively correlated with HAMD-24 scores (r = -0.294, p = 0.005). After treatment, both MDD groups showed a significant decrease in HAMD-24 scores, with a response rate of 88.89 % and a remission rate of 62.96 % in the rTMS+ADP group, compared to 64 % response and 56 % remission rates in the ADP group. The fALFF values in patients' left DLPFC significantly reduced in the rTMS+ADP group (p < 0.05), but not in the ADP group. LIMITATIONS: Our study only focused on the treatment effect in the left DLPFC, without exploring the other brain regions or networks. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasizes the significance of the left DLPFC in MDD treatment. However, combined left DLPFC rTMS with ADP causes deviation from the normal resting brain function of the left DLPFC, indicating that future research should explore targeted treatment methods to normalize the left DLPFC.

RESUMEN

Alzheimer's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease-related dementias (AD/ADRD) pose major global healthcare challenges, with diabetes mellitus (DM) being a key risk factor. Both AD and DM-related ADRD are characterized by reduced cerebral blood flow, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. We previously identified compromised cerebral hemodynamics as early signs in TgF344-AD and type 2 DM-ADRD (T2DN) rat models. Genome-wide studies have linked AD/ADRD to SNPs in soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). This study explored the effects of sEH inhibition with TPPU on cerebral vascular function and cognition in AD and DM-ADRD models. Chronic TPPU treatment improved cognition in both AD and DM-ADRD rats without affecting body weight. In DM-ADRD rats, TPPU reduced plasma glucose and HbA1C levels. Transcriptomic analysis of primary cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells from AD rats treated with TPPU revealed enhanced pathways related to cell contraction, alongside decreased oxidative stress and inflammation. Both AD and DM-ADRD rats exhibited impaired myogenic responses and autoregulation in the cerebral circulation, which were normalized with chronic sEH inhibition. Additionally, TPPU improved acetylcholine-induced vasodilation in the middle cerebral arteries (MCA) of DM-ADRD rats. Acute TPPU administration unexpectedly caused vasoconstriction in the MCA of DM-ADRD rats at lower doses. In contrast, higher doses or longer durations were required to induce effective vasodilation at physiological perfusion pressure in both control and ADRD rats. Additionally, TPPU decreased reactive oxygen species production in cerebral vessels of AD and DM-ADRD rats. These findings provide novel evidence that chronic sEH inhibition can reverse cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairments in AD/ADRD, offering a promising avenue for therapeutic development.

RESUMEN

Two-dimensional transition metal carbides, nitrides, or carbonitrides (MXenes) have garnered remarkable attention in various energy and environmental applications due to their high electrical conductivity, good thermal properties, large surface area, high mechanical strength, rapid charge transport mechanism, and tunable surface properties. Recently, artificial intelligence has been considered an emerging technology, and has been widely used in materials science, engineering, and biomedical applications due to its high efficiency and precision. In this review, we focus on the role of artificial intelligence-based technology in MXene-based devices and discuss the latest research directions of artificial intelligence in MXene-based devices, especially the use of artificial intelligence-based modeling tools for energy storage devices, sensors, and memristors. In addition, emphasis is given to recent progress made in synthesis methods for various MXenes and their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the review ends with several recommendations and suggestions regarding the role of artificial intelligence in fabricating MXene-based devices. We anticipate that this review will provide guidelines on future research directions suitable for practical applications.

RESUMEN

Mechanisms underlying the effects of ecological disturbance on aquatic ecosystems remain uncertain in subtropical regions. Here, we used a proxy-based approach to explore the community dynamics of testate amoebae (Arcellinida and Euglyphida) in two subtropical deep reservoirs (Tingxi and Shidou) in Xiamen, southeastern China, over a three-year period. Specifically, we employed drought and typhoon events recorded by weather station as proxies for ecological disturbance and chlorophyll-a estimated through fluorometry as a proxy for testate amoeba food. We addressed three questions: (1) Does typhoon-induced ecological disturbance affect the distribution patterns of testate amoebae in subtropical reservoirs? (2) Do typhoon- and drought-induced ecological disturbances affect the testate amoeba community across different water layers of subtropical reservoirs similarly? (3) Do stochastic or deterministic processes shaping the testate amoeba community over time exhibit similar patterns in different water layers of subtropical reservoirs? The typhoon-induced ecological disturbance resulted in pronounced shifts in the distribution patterns of testate amoebae, characterized by lower shell influx in surface waters (11-12 ind. mL-1 d-1) and higher shell influx in middle and bottom waters (12-22 ind. mL-1 d-1). The impact of typhoon-and drought-induced ecological disturbance was more pronounced in surface waters, and its pure explanation accounted for 29.5-35.5 % community variation in a variation partitioning analysis. The effect of stochastic processes revealed by the neutral model increased with water depths, accounting for 63.3-76.5 % of the community variation in the surface, 77.4-82.6 % in the middle, and 82.8-88.1 % in the bottom water. The effect of deterministic processes shown by the null model decreased with water depth and remained relatively low across all water layers. These results suggest contrasting patterns of assembly mechanisms underlying the testate amoeba community responses to ecological disturbance, with the balance perhaps shaped by water depth and the average water residence time in a reservoir.

RESUMEN

Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) exhibit high energy density and a good electrochemical stability window in aqueous non-metallic ion batteries, which is conducive to achieving high energy output and stable operation. Additionally, their synthesis process is simple and environmentally friendly, meeting the demands of sustainable development. However, the poor conductivity, structural stability issues, and inadequate ion diffusion pathways limit their application in batteries. To overcome these challenges, researchers have adopted various optimization strategies: enhancing the conductivity of PBAs by compositing with high-conductivity carbon materials such as graphite, carbon nanotubes, or graphene; optimizing synthesis conditions such as temperature and reaction time to improve the defect and structural water content of PBAs, thereby enhancing their stability and electrochemical performance; employing surface modification techniques, such as conductive polymer encapsulation and acid etching, to improve their electrochemical stability and ion transport performance; and optimizing ion diffusion efficiency and battery kinetics by selecting suitable electrolytes and additives. These comprehensive measures contribute to improving the electrochemical performance of PBAs and promoting the development of their commercial applications. Based on prior research advancements, we introduce a novel synergistic regulation strategy: the creation of multi-redox-active centers to augment the transport capability of non-metallic ions and the optimization of defect structures through the establishment of a metal ion concentration gradient, thereby enhancing both electrochemical stability and performance.

RESUMEN

The traditional preparation of nanocomposite proton exchange membranes (PEM) is hindered by poor organic-inorganic interface compatibility, insufficient proton-conducting sites, easy aggregation of nanoparticles, and difficulty in leveraging nanoscale advantages. In this study, a novel method involving electrochemical anodic oxidation exfoliation was employed to prepare melamine-coated graphene oxide (Me@GO), which was subsequently subjected to in-situ polymerization with poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI) to prepare a Me@GO/ABPBI composite proton exchange membrane. Benefiting from the strong hydrogen bonding and large π stacking interactions, melamine (Me) tightly bound to graphene oxide (GO), effectively preventing the secondary aggregation of GO after exfoliation. Moreover, the abundant alkaline functional groups of melamine enhanced the enhancement of phosphoric acid (PA) retention in the Me@GO/ABPBI membranes, thereby increasing the number of proton-conducting sites. The experimental results indicated that the introduction of Me@GO enhanced membrane properties. For Me@GO at a concentration of 1 wt%, the tensile strength of the 1Me@GO/ABPBI composite membrane reached 207 MPa, nearly 2.52 times that of the pure membrane. The proton conductivity of the 1Me@GO/ABPBI composite membrane reached 0.01 S cm-1 across a wide temperature range (40-180 °C), peaking at 0.087 S cm-1 at 180 °C. Additionally, a single-cell incorporating the 1Me@GO/ABPBI composite membrane achieved a peak power density of 0.304 W cm-2 at 160 °C, nearly 1.46 times that of the pure membrane. Benefiting from the well-dispersed and PA-enriched proton channels provided by Me@GO, the Me@GO/ABPBI composite membrane exhibits excellent prospects for wide-temperature range (40-180 °C) applications.

RESUMEN

Stratification strategies for chemotherapy plus PD-1 inhibitors in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are critically demanded. We performed high-throughput panel-based deep next-generation sequencing and low-pass whole genome sequencing on prospectively collected circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) specimens from 460 patients in the phase 3 CHOICE-01 study at different time points. We identified predictive markers for chemotherapy plus PD-1 inhibitor, including ctDNA status and genomic features such as blood-based tumor mutational burden, intratumor heterogeneity, and chromosomal instability. Furthermore, we established an integrated ctDNA-based stratification strategy, blood-based genomic immune subtypes (bGIS) scheme, to distinguish patients who benefit from the addition of PD-1 inhibitor to first-line chemotherapy. Moreover, we demonstrated potential applications for the dynamic monitoring of ctDNA. Overall, we proposed a potential therapeutic algorithm based on the ctDNA-based stratification strategy, shedding light on the individualized management of immune-chemotherapies for patients with advanced NSCLC.

Asunto(s)

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is recognized as a complex and heterogeneous metal illness, characterized by diverse clinical symptoms and variable treatment outcomes. Previous studies have repeatedly reported alterations in brain morphology in MDD, but findings vary across sample characteristics. Whether this neurobiological substrate could stratify MDD into more homogeneous clinical subgroups thus improving personalized medicine remains unknown. METHODS: We included 65 drug-free patients with first-episode MDD and 66 healthy controls (HCs) and collected their structural MRI data. We performed the surface reconstruction and calculated cortical surface area using Freesurfer. The surface area of 34 Gy matter regions in each hemisphere based on the Desikan-Killiany atlas were extracted for each participant and subtyping results were obtained with the Louvain community detection algorithm. The demographic and clinical characteristics were then compared between MDD subgroups. RESULTS: Two subgroups defined by distinct patterns of cortical surface area were identified in first-episode MDD. Subgroup 1 exhibited a significant reduction in surface area across nearly the entire cortex compared to subgroup 2 and HCs, whereas subgroup 2 demonstrated increased surface area than HCs. Further, subgroup 1 exhibited a higher proportion of females, and higher severity of anxiety symptoms compared to subgroup 2. LIMITATIONS: The relatively small sample size. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified two neurobiologically subgroups with distinct alterations in cortical surface area among drug-free patients with first-episode MDD. Our results highlight the promise of in delineating morphological heterogeneity within MDD, particularly in relation to the severity of anxiety symptoms.